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ISSN 1725-1095
KO-AB-10-001-EN-
C
EU energy
2010
and transport
in figures
etbook
ock
Statistical P
FIGURES
IN
ANSPORT
TR
AND
ENERGY
EU
• STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK
2010
E U E N E R G Y A N D T R A N S P O R T I N F I G U R E S
S TAT I S T I C A L P O C K E T B O O K 2 0 1 0
Preface
Energy and transport are two crucial sectors of the economy. This
publication provides an overview of the most recent and most pertinent
annual energy- and transport-related statistics in Europe. It covers the
European Union and its 27 Member States and, as far as possible, the
current EU candidate countries and the EFTA countries.
The content of this pocketbook is based on a range of sources including
Eurostat, international organisations, national statistics and, where no
data were available, own estimates. Own estimates have mainly been
produced to get an idea of the EU total. At the level of individual countries,
they are merely indicative and should by no means be (mis-)interpreted
as 'official' data.
The publication consists of four parts:
(1) a general part with general economic and other relevant data;
(2) an energy part with data on energy production, consumption,
taxation and prices;
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
(3) a transport part covering both passenger and freight transport as
to your questions about the European Union
well as other transport-related data; and, finally,
Freephone number (*):
(4) an environmental part with data on the impact which the energy
and transport sectors have on the environment.
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
Most of the tables have data up to 2007; where available, more recent
(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access
to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.
data have been provided.
The tables of this pocketbook may also be found on the Europa internet
site under
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/statistics/statistics_en.htm
and under
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/publications/statistics/statistics_en.htm
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available
Many tables on the internet contain more data than could be presented
on the Internet.
in this pocketbook. Some tables may be updated on the web before
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).
the publication of the next paper version.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2010
Eurostat, the main data provider, may be accessed directly on the internet
under http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
Photos courtesy of: Fotolia, iStockphoto, Shutterstock
Comments on this publication and suggestions for improving it are appre-
ISBN 978-92-79-13815-7
ciated. They should be sent to ener-moe@ec.europa.eu if they are related
doi: 10.2768/19814
to energy statistics and to move-transport-data@ec.europa.eu if they are
© European Union, 2010
related to transport statistics.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER
1
Contents
Contents
PART 1 – GENERAL DATA
2.5.6
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Households ............................................................. 51
2.5.7
Heating Gasoil Prices for Households ......................................................................... 52
1.1 General
Data .......................................................................................................................11
2.5.8
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Households ......................................................... 53
1.2
Growth in GDP and Industrial Production .....................................................12
2.6
Country Energy Statistics .......................................................................................... 54
1.3
Employment and Unemployment ......................................................................13
2.6.1 EU-27 ...................................................................................................................................... 54
1.4
Share of Gross Value Added and Employment by Sector ...................14
2.6.2 Belgium .................................................................................................................................. 55
1.5 Population ............................................................................................................................15
2.6.3 Bulgaria .................................................................................................................................. 56
1.6a Member States External Trade: Imports ..........................................................16
2.6.4 Czech
Republic ................................................................................................................... 57
1.6b Member States External Trade: Exports ...........................................................17
2.6.5 Denmark ................................................................................................................................ 58
1.7 Comparison
EU-27
– World: general data ......................................................18
2.6.6 Germany ................................................................................................................................ 59
2.6.7 Estonia .................................................................................................................................... 60
PART 2 – ENERGY
2.6.8 Ireland .................................................................................................................................... 61
2.6.9 Greece .................................................................................................................................... 62
2.1
General Information ..................................................................................................... 21
2.6.10 Spain ....................................................................................................................................... 63
2.1.1 Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 21
2.6.11 France ..................................................................................................................................... 64
2.1.2
Average Calorific Values, Energy Content .................................................................. 23
2.6.12 Italy .......................................................................................................................................... 65
2.1.3 Conversion
Factors ............................................................................................................ 24
2.6.13 Cyprus .................................................................................................................................... 66
2.1.4
Methodology for the calculation of EU-wide average fuel prices .................... 25
2.6.14 Latvia ...................................................................................................................................... 67
2.2
Overview and Security of Supply........................................................................ 26
2.6.15 Lithuania ................................................................................................................................ 68
2.2.1
Indicators (EU-27 aggregated) ...................................................................................... 26
2.6.16 Luxembourg ........................................................................................................................ 69
2.2.2
Gross Inland Consumption ............................................................................................ 27
2.6.17 Hungary ................................................................................................................................. 70
2.2.2
Gross Inland Consumption, Renewables ................................................................... 28
2.6.18 Malta ....................................................................................................................................... 71
2.2.2
Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel – EU-27, Graph .............................................. 29
2.6.19 Netherlands .......................................................................................................................... 72
2.2.3 Import
Dependency ......................................................................................................... 30
2.6.20 Austria .................................................................................................................................... 73
2.2.4
Crude Oil and Gas Imports ............................................................................................. 31
2.6.21 Poland .................................................................................................................................... 74
2.2.5
Hard Coal Imports into the EU-27 ................................................................................ 32
2.6.22 Portugal ................................................................................................................................. 75
2.2.6
Final Energy Consumption by Fuel .............................................................................. 33
2.6.23 Romania................................................................................................................................. 76
2.2.6
Final Energy Consumption by Fuel – EU-27, Graph ............................................... 34
2.6.24 Slovenia ................................................................................................................................. 77
2.2.7
Final Energy Consumption by Sector ......................................................................... 35
2.6.25 Slovak
Republic ................................................................................................................... 78
2.2.7
Final Energy Consumption by Sector – EU-27, Graph .......................................... 36
2.6.26 Finland.................................................................................................................................... 79
2.2.8
Share of RES to Gross Inland Consumption .............................................................. 37
2.6.27 Sweden .................................................................................................................................. 80
2.3
Taxation ................................................................................................................................. 38
2.6.28 United
Kingdom ................................................................................................................. 81
2.3.1
Taxation of Energy Products ........................................................................................... 38
2.7
Energy Statistics of Candidate Countries and
2.4
Electricity .............................................................................................................................. 39
other European Countries ........................................................................................ 82
2.4.1
Electricity Production Capacity ..................................................................................... 39
2.7.1 Croatia .................................................................................................................................... 82
2.4.1
Electricity Production Capacity – EU-27, Graph ...................................................... 40
2.7.2
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia .................................................................. 83
2.4.2
Electricity from Renewable Sources ............................................................................ 41
2.7.3 Turkey ..................................................................................................................................... 84
2.4.2
Electricity from Renewable Sources, Graph .............................................................. 42
2.7.4 Iceland .................................................................................................................................... 85
2.4.3
Gross Electricity Generation ........................................................................................... 43
2.7.5 Norway ................................................................................................................................... 86
2.4.3
Gross Electricity Generation, from Renewables ...................................................... 44
2.7.6 Switzerland ........................................................................................................................... 87
2.4.3
Gross Electricity Generation – EU-27, Graph ............................................................ 45
2.8
World Context ................................................................................................................... 88
2.5
Prices ....................................................................................................................................... 46
2.8.1
Gross Inland Consumption by Country ..................................................................... 88
2.5.1
Automotive Diesel Oil Prices .......................................................................................... 46
2.8.1
Gross Inland Consumption by Country, Shares in % ............................................. 89
2.5.2
Unleaded Petrol (95 RON) Prices .................................................................................. 47
2.8.2
Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel / Product.......................................................... 90
2.5.3
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Industry .................................................................... 48
2.8.2
Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel / Product, Graphs ......................................... 91
2.5.4
Residual Fuel Oil Prices for Industry ............................................................................. 49
2.8.3 Energy
Intensity................................................................................................................................... 92
2.5.5
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Industry ................................................................. 50
2
3
Contents
Contents
PART 3 – TRANSPORT
3.4.7
Sea: Inward and Outward Flow of Passengers by Country ....................................134
3.4.8
Sea: Passenger Traffic at Major EU Seaports ....................................................................136
3.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 95
3.4.9
Sea: Freight Traffic at Major EU Seaports ...........................................................................137
3.4.10 Sea: Intra-EU Maritime Transport ............................................................................................138
3.1.1
Statistical Overview EU Transport ............................................................................................ 95
3.4.11 Sea: Container Traffic at Major EU Seaports .....................................................................140
3.1.2
Transport Growth EU-27 ................................................................................................................ 96
3.4.12a Combined Transport Traffic........................................................................................................141
3.1.3
Road Transport: Speed Limits, Blood Alcohol Limits .................................................... 97
3.4.12b Combined Transport ......................................................................................................................142
3.1.4
Road Transport: Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight .......................................................... 98
3.4.13 Road: Alps Crossing Freight Traffic .........................................................................................143
3.1.5
Employment by Mode of Transport ....................................................................................... 99
3.4.14 Road: Pyrenees Crossing Traffic ...............................................................................................144
3.1.6
Number of Enterprises by Mode of Transport ................................................................100
3.4.15 Rail: Alps and Pyrenees Crossing Traffic ..............................................................................145
3.1.7
Turnover by Mode of Transport ...............................................................................................101
3.4.16 Rail: Channel Tunnel Traffic .........................................................................................................146
3.1.8
Final Consumption of Households for Transport .........................................................102
3.5 Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................147
3.1.9
EU-27: Evolution of Consumer Prices for Passenger Transport ............................103
3.5.1
Road: Length of Motorways ......................................................................................................147
3.1.10 EU-27 External Trade by Mode of Transport ....................................................................104
3.5.2
Road: Length of Road Network ...............................................................................................148
3.1.11 Comparison EU-27 – World: Infrastructure and Vehicles .........................................105
3.5.3
Railways: Length of Lines in Use .............................................................................................149
3.1.12 Comparison EU-27 – World: Passenger and Freight Transport ............................106
3.2
Performance of Freight Transport expressed
3.5.4
Railways: High Speed Rail Network.......................................................................................150
in tonne-kilometres ....................................................................................................107
3.5.5
Railways: Main Railway Gauge and Electric Current Used ......................................151
3.5.6
Air: Number of Airports ................................................................................................................152
3.2.1
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport, Graph ...................................107
3.5.7
Inland Waterways: Length in Use ...........................................................................................153
3.2.2
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport ....................................................108
3.5.8 Pipelines .................................................................................................................................................154
3.2.3
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport ....................................................109
3.6 Means
of
Transport .....................................................................................................155
3.2.4a Road: National Haulage ................................................................................................................110
3.6.1 Road:
Motorisation ..........................................................................................................................155
3.2.4b Road: International Haulage ......................................................................................................111
3.6.2
Road: Passenger Cars .....................................................................................................................156
3.2.4c Road: National and International Haulage .......................................................................112
3.6.3
Road: Buses and Coaches ...........................................................................................................157
3.2.5 Railways ..................................................................................................................................................113
3.6.4 Road:
Goods
Vehicles .....................................................................................................................158
3.2.6 Inland
Waterways .............................................................................................................................114
3.6.5 Road:
Powered
Two-Wheelers .................................................................................................159
3.2.7 Pipelines
(Oil) ......................................................................................................................................115
3.6.6
Road: Passenger Cars .....................................................................................................................160
3.2.8 USA ............................................................................................................................................................116
3.3
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed
3.6.7 Road:
Goods
Vehicles .....................................................................................................................161
in passenger-kilometres ..........................................................................................117
3.6.8
Road: Buses and Coaches ...........................................................................................................162
3.3.1
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Passenger Transport, Graph ............................117
3.6.9 Road:
Motorcycles ...........................................................................................................................163
3.3.2
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Passenger Transport .............................................118
3.6.10 Road:
Mopeds.....................................................................................................................................164
3.3.3
Modal Split of Passenger Transport on Land by Country ........................................119
3.6.11 Sea: EU Merchant Fleet .................................................................................................................165
3.3.4 Passenger
Cars ...................................................................................................................................120
3.6.12a Sea: World Merchant Fleet by World Region ...................................................................166
3.3.5
Buses & Coaches ...............................................................................................................................121
3.6.12b Sea: World Merchant Fleet by Type of Ship ......................................................................167
3.3.6
Tram & Metro ......................................................................................................................................122
3.6.13 Air: Passenger Aircraft ....................................................................................................................168
3.3.7 Railways ..................................................................................................................................................123
3.6.14 Air: Freight, Special, Business aircraft....................................................................................169
3.3.8
Rail: High Speed Rail Transport ................................................................................................124
3.6.15 Rail: Locomotives and Railcars .................................................................................................170
3.3.9 USA ............................................................................................................................................................125
3.6.16 Rail:
Passenger
Transport
Vehicles .........................................................................................171
3.4
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport
3.6.17 Rail:
Goods
Transport
Wagons..................................................................................................172
using indicators other than tonne-kilometres or passenger kilometres ..126
3.7 Safety.....................................................................................................................................173
3.4.1
Air: Passenger Traffic Between Member States
3.7.1 Road
Fatalities .....................................................................................................................................173
(including domestic flights) .......................................................................................................126
3.7.2
Road Fatalities Country Rankings ...........................................................................................174
3.4.2
Air: Major Regular European Airlines ....................................................................................128
3.7.3a Road Fatalities by Type of User ................................................................................................175
3.4.3
Air: Passenger Traffic at Major EU Airports ........................................................................129
3.7.3b Road Fatalities of Vehicle Occupants by Type of Vehicle .........................................176
3.4.4a Air: Main Intra-EU Airport Pairs in Passenger Transport ............................................130
3.7.4 Road
Accidents ..................................................................................................................................177
3.4.4b Air: Main Connections Between EU and Non-EU Airports
3.7.5 Railway
Fatalities ...............................................................................................................................178
in Passenger Transport ..................................................................................................................131
3.7.6
Air: Lives Lost .......................................................................................................................................179
3.4.5
Air: Freight Traffic at Major EU Airports ...............................................................................132
3.7.7
Sea: Ships Lost (World) ..................................................................................................................180
3.4.6
Air: Movements of Aircraft at Major EU Airports ...........................................................133
4
5
Contents
Symbols and abbreviations
PART 4 – ENVIRONMENT
12 Estimates are printed in italic
4.1
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) ....................................................................183
%
per cent
4.1.1
Total GHG Emissions .......................................................................................................................183
4.1.2
GHG Emissions by Sector – EU-27 .........................................................................................184
-
not applicable, does not exist
4.1.2
GHG Emissions by Sector – EU-27, Shares ........................................................................186
4.1.3
GHG Emissions by Sector ............................................................................................................188
4.1.3
GHG Emissions by Sector, Shares ...........................................................................................190
blank
data not available
4.1.4
GHG Emissions from Transport ................................................................................................192
4.1.5
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27 .............................................................................193
0
zero or figure less than half of unit used
4.1.5
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27, Shares ............................................................194
4.1.6
GHG Emissions from Transport by Mode ..........................................................................195
ca.
circa = approximately
4.1.6
GHG Emissions from Transport by Mode, Shares .........................................................196
4.1.7
GHG Emissions Intensity ..............................................................................................................197
€
euro
4.1.8
GHG Emissions per Capita ..........................................................................................................198
4.2 CO Emissions ..................................................................................................................199
2
DG
Directorate-General of the European Commission
4.2.1 Total
CO Emissions .........................................................................................................................199
2
4.2.2 CO Emissions by Sector – EU-27 .......................................................................................... 200
2
dwt
deadweight ton (shipping)
4.2.2 CO Emissions by Sector – EU-27, Shares ......................................................................... 202
2
4.2.3 CO Emissions by Sector ............................................................................................................. 204
2
4.2.3 CO Emissions by Sector, Shares ............................................................................................ 206
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
2
4.2.4 CO Emissions from Transport ................................................................................................. 208
2
4.2.5 CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27 .............................................................................. 209
2
grt
gross registered tonnage (shipping)
4.2.5 CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27, Shares ............................................................. 210
2
4.2.6 CO Emissions from Transport by Mode ........................................................................... 211
2
mio
1 million
4.2.6 CO Emissions from Transport by Mode, Shares .......................................................... 212
2
4.2.7 CO Emissions Intensity ............................................................................................................... 213
2
mio t
1 million tonnes
4.2.8 CO Emissions per Capita ........................................................................................................... 214
2
4.2.9 World
Comparison ......................................................................................................................... 215
mtow
maximum take-off weight (aircraft)
4.2.10 World Comparison Carbon Intensity .................................................................................. 216
4.2.11 World Comparison CO Emissions by Country ............................................................. 217
2
passenger-kilometre: a unit of measure:
pkm
4.2.11 World Comparison CO Emissions by Country, Shares ............................................ 218
2
1 passenger transported a distance of 1 kilometre
4.3
Other emission indicators ..................................................................................... 219
PPP
Purchasing Power Parities
4.3.1
Emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors from Transport .............................. 219
4.4 Biofuels ............................................................................................................................... 220
4.4.1
Final Energy Consumption ........................................................................................................ 220
rpk
revenue passenger kilometres (air)
4.4.2 Biofuels
Production ........................................................................................................................ 221
4.5
Other environment related indicators ......................................................... 222
TEU
Twenty foot Equivalent Unit
4.5.1
Oil Spills at Sea .................................................................................................................................. 222
tonne-kilometre: a unit of measure:
tkm
1 tonne transported a distance of 1 kilometre
Notes .................................................................................................................................................. 223
break in horizontal time series
break in vertical time series
6
7
PART 1
Country abbreviations
GENERAL DATA
EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES EU27 ALSO EEA MEMBERS
EU MEMBER
ALSO IN
STATE SINCE:
SUBTOTAL OF:
AT Austria
1995
EU-15
BE Belgium
1958
EU-15
BG Bulgaria
2007
EU-12
CY Cyprus
2004
EU-12
CZ Czech Republic
2004
EU-12
DE Germany
1958
EU-15
DK Denmark
1973
EU-15
EE Estonia
2004
EU-12
EL Greece
1981
EU-15
ES Spain
1986
EU-15
FI Finland
1995
EU-15
FR France
1958
EU-15
HU Hungary
2004
EU-12
IE Ireland
1973
EU-15
IT Italy
1958
EU-15
LT Lithuania
2004
EU-12
LU Luxembourg
1958
EU-15
LV Latvia
2004
EU-12
MT Malta
2004
EU-12
NL Netherlands
1958
EU-15
PL Poland
2004
EU-12
PT Portugal
1986
EU-15
RO Romania
2007
EU-12
SE Sweden
1995
EU-15
SI Slovenia
2004
EU-12
SK Slovak Republic
2004
EU-12
UK United Kingdom
1973
EU-15
OTHER EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA EEA AND IN EFTA
IS Iceland
EEA: 1994
EFTA: 1960
LI Liechtenstein
EEA: 1994
EFTA: 1991
NO Norway
EEA: 1994
EFTA: 1960
OTHER EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION EFTA
CH Switzerland
EFTA: 1960
EUROPEAN UNION CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
HR Croatia
MK Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)
TR Turkey
OTHER COUNTRIES
CS Czechoslovakia (until 1992)
BR Brazil
CA Canada
CN China
IN India
JP Japan
KR Korea
MX Mexico
RU Russia
USA United States of America
Notes: The countries which were members of the EU in 1994 became members of the EEA
in 1994, those which joined the EU in 1995 had already been EEA members since
1994 and those which joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 became members of the EEA
upon accession to the EU.
The former GDR is always included in DE; unification on 3.10.1990.
8
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
1 . 1
PART 1
General Data
SUMMARY
POPULA
GDP
AREA
GDP PER HEAD IN PPP
1.1 GENERAL
DATA ................................................................................. 11
TION
NOMINAL
million
€ billion
EU27=100
1.2 GROWTH IN GDP AND
1 000 km2
1/1/2009
2008
2007
2008
EU-27
4 324.8
497.826
12 506.8
100
100
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ..................................................... 12
EU-15
3 236.9
394.480
11 520.6
112
111
EU-12
1 087.9
103.346
986.2
56
59
BE
30.5
10.755
344.7
116 115
1.3 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT ........................... 13
BG
111.0
7.607
34.1
38 41
CZ
78.9
10.468
147.9
80 80
DK
43.1
5.511
233.0
121 120
1.4 SHARE OF GROSS VALUE ADDED AND
DE
357.1
82.002
2 495.8
116
116
EE
45.2
1.340
16.1
69 67
EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR ....................................................... 14
IE
70.3
4.450
181.8
148 135
EL
132.0
11.260
239.1
93 94
ES
506.0
45.828
1 088.5
105
103
1.5 POPULATION ...................................................................................... 15
FR
544.0
62.449
1 950.1
108
108
IT
301.3
60.045
1 572.2
103
102
CY
9.3
0.797
17.2
94 96
1.6a MEMBER STATES EXTERNAL TRADE:
LV
64.6
2.261
23.2
56 57
LT
65.3
3.350
32.2
59 62
IMPORTS ................................................................................................ 16
LU
2.6
0.494
39.3
275 276
HU
93.0
10.031
105.5
63 64
1.6b MEMBER STATES EXTERNAL TRADE:
MT
0.3
0.414
5.7
76 76
NL
41.5
16.486
595.9
132 134
EXPORTS ................................................................................................ 17
AT
83.9
8.355
281.9
123 123
PL
312.7
38.136
362.4
54 56
PT
92.1
10.627
166.4
76 76
1.7 COMPARISON EU27 WORLD:
RO
238.4
21.499
139.8
42 48
SI
20.3
2.032
37.1
89 91
GENERAL DATA ................................................................................. 18
SK
49.0
5.412
64.8
68 72
FI
338.4
5.326
184.2
118 117
SE
450.3
9.256
328.1
123 120
UK
243.8
61.635
1 818.9
117
116
HR
56.6
4.435
47.4
60 63
MK
25.7
2.049
6.5
31 33
TR
785.3
71.517
498.4
45 46
IS
103.0
0.319
10.3
121 121
NO
323.8
4.799
309.3
179 191
CH
41.3
7.702
341.3
141 141
Notes: CY: Area refers to the whole island. FR: Area and population only cover mainland
France ('France métropolitaine'). The 4 French overseas departments Guyane,
Martinique, Guadeloupe and La Réunion, which are part of the EU, have a combined
area of 88 794 km2 and a population of 1.9 million. The total area of the EU therefore
is 4 413.6 thousand km2, its total population on 1 January 2009 was 499.7 million.
10
11
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
G R O W T H I N G D P A N D I N D U S T R I A L P R O D U C T I O N
E M P LOY M E N T A N D U N E M P LOY M E N T
1 . 2
1 . 3
Growth in GDP and Industrial Production
Employment and
COMPARED TO PREVIOUS YEAR
Unemployment
GROWTH IN INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH IN GDP
PRODUCTION
EMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Real growth
(excluding construction)
% CHANGE
% CHANGE
%
%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005
2006
2007
2008
EU-27
2.0 3.2 2.8 0.7 1.2 4.1 3.6 -1.7
EU-27
63.5
64.5
65.4
65.9 9.0 8.3 7.2 7.1
EU-15
1.8 2.9 2.6 0.5 1.0 3.6 3.0 -2.0
EU-15
65.4
66.2
66.9
67.3 8.2 7.8 7.1 7.2
EU-12
4.8 6.7 6.6 4.3
EU-12
57.0 58.4 59.9 61.0 12.1 10.1 7.8 6.6
BE
1.8 2.8 2.9 1.0 -0.9 5.0 2.9 -0.6
BG
6.2 6.3 6.2 6.0 7.2 6.0 9.5 0.6
BE
61.1 61.0 62.0 62.4 8.5 8.3 7.5 7.0
CZ
6.3 6.8 6.1 2.5 4.3 8.7 10.5 -2.6
BG
55.8 58.6 61.7 64.0 10.2 9.0 6.9 5.7
DK
2.4 3.4 1.7 -0.9 2.8 4.0 -2.1 -1.2
CZ
64.8 65.3 66.1 66.6 8.0 7.2 5.4 4.4
DE
0.8 3.2 2.5 1.3 3.5 5.7 6.0 0.0
DK
75.9 77.4 77.1 78.1 4.9 4.0 3.8 3.4
EE
9.4 10.0 7.2 -3.6 11.1 10.2 6.4 -6.2
DE
66.0 67.5 69.4 70.7 11.2 10.3 8.7 7.6
IE
6.2 5.4 6.0 -3.0 3.9 3.0 4.9 -1.5
EE
64.4 68.1 69.4 69.8 8.1 6.1 4.8 5.6
EL
2.2 4.5 4.5 2.0 -1.6 0.8 2.3 -4.2
ES
3.6 4.0 3.6 0.9 0.8 3.9 2.0 -7.3
IE
67.6 68.6 69.1 67.6 4.4 4.4 4.6 6.1
FR
1.9 2.2 2.3 0.4 0.2 1.3 1.2 -2.5
EL
60.1 61.0 61.4 61.9 10.0 9.0 8.4 7.8
IT
0.7 2.0 1.6 -1.0 -0.8 3.6 2.1 -3.3
ES
63.3 64.8 65.6 64.3 9.2 8.6 8.3 11.4
CY
3.9 4.1 5.1 3.6 0.5 0.4 4.7 4.1
FR
63.7 63.7 64.3 64.9 8.9 8.9 8.0 7.4
LV
10.6 12.2 10.0 -4.6 7.4 6.5 1.0 -3.8
IT
57.6 58.4 58.7 58.7 7.8 6.9 6.2 6.8
LT
7.8 7.8 9.8 2.8 7.6 6.7 2.5 4.9
LU
5.4 5.6 6.5 0.0 2.8 2.1 -0.6 -5.3
CY
68.5 69.6 71.0 70.8 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.8
HU
3.5 4.0 1.0 0.6 7.3 10.6 8.1 -1.0
LV
63.3 66.3 68.3 68.7 9.0 7.0 6.1 7.7
MT
4.0 3.5 4.0 2.1
LT
62.6 63.6 64.9 64.3 8.4 5.7 4.4 5.9
NL
2.0 3.4 3.6 2.0 0.5 1.5 2.3 1.4
LU
63.6 63.5 64.2 63.4 4.5 4.7 4.1 5.1
AT
2.5 3.5 3.5 2.0 4.3 7.4 5.9 1.1
HU
56.9 57.3 57.3 56.7 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.9
PL
3.6 6.2 6.8 5.0 4.5 12.3 9.2 2.2
PT
0.9 1.4 1.9 0.0 -3.5 3.2 0.1 -4.1
MT
53.9 53.6 54.6 55.3 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.1
RO
4.2 7.9 6.3 7.3 -2.9 9.5 10.2 3.1
NL
73.2 74.4 76.0 77.2 4.8 3.9 3.2 2.7
SI
4.5 5.8 6.8 3.5 4.1 6.1 7.2 2.0
AT
68.6 70.2 71.4 72.1 5.2 4.8 4.5 3.9
SK
6.7 8.5 10.6 6.2 -1.2 15.2 16.9 3.2
PL
52.8 54.5 57.0 59.2 18.0 14.0 9.7 7.2
FI
2.9 4.4 4.9 1.2 -0.6 10.1 4.7 1.1
PT
67.5 67.9 67.8 68.2 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.1
SE
3.3 4.2 2.5 -0.2 2.2 3.6 3.9 -2.9
RO
57.6 58.8 58.8 59.0 7.5 7.6 6.8 6.1
UK
2.2 2.9 2.6 0.5 -1.1 0.5 0.2 -3.1
HR
4.2 4.7 5.5 2.4 5.0 4.3 5.1 0.7
SI
66.0 66.6 67.8 68.6 6.7 6.1 5.0 4.5
MK
4.1 4.0 5.9 4.9 7.0 3.6 5.2 6.3
SK
57.7 59.4 60.7 62.3 16.3 13.4 11.2 9.5
TR
8.4 6.9 4.7 0.9 5.7 5.8 4.4 -0.9
FI
68.4 69.3 70.3 71.1 8.5 7.8 6.9 6.4
IS
7.5 4.3 5.6 1.3 -2.5 5.0 5.6 14.6
SE
72.5 73.1 74.2 74.3 7.9 7.1 6.2 6.3
NO
2.7 2.3 2.7 1.8 -0.3 -2.2 -1.3 0.3
UK
71.7 71.6 71.5 71.5 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.7
CH
2.6 3.6 3.6 1.8 2.7 7.8 9.5 1.2
HR
55.0 55.6 57.1 57.8 13.0 11.5 9.8 8.6
Notes: GDP growth: EU-12: own estimate; EL: provisional.
Industrial production: includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing as well
MK
33.9 39.6 40.7 42.0 37.3 36.3 35.2 34.0
as electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 Sections B, C
TR
46.0 45.9 45.8 45.9 8.8 8.6 8.7 9.6
and D). Limited comparability with historical data published in previous editions
IS
83.8 84.6 85.1 83.6 2.6 2.9 2.2 3.0
of this pocketbook due to change from economic activity classification NACE Rev. 1.1
to NACE Rev. 2 and adoption of 2005 as new base year in all Eurostat data.
NO
74.8 75.4 76.8 78.0 4.4 3.4 2.5 2.6
Data adjusted by working days, MK: gross data (manufacturing production index).
CH
77.2 77.9 78.6 79.5 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.4
IS: Volume index of industry incl. energy. BE, CZ, NL: provisional data.
BE, BG: Eurostat estimates.
Notes: Labour force survey data, referring to population 15-64 years old.
12
13
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t ; i n d u s t r i a l p ro d u c t i o n d a t a fo r M K
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t ; M K , T R : n a t i o n a l s o u rce u n t i l 2 0 0 5
a n d I S f ro m n a t i o n a l s o u rce s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
S H A R E O F G R O S S VA LU E A D D E D A N D E M P LOY M E N T B Y S E C TO R
P O P U L AT I O N
1 . 4
1 . 5
Share of Gross Value Added
Population
and Employment by Sector
SHARE OF GROSS
SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT %
VALUE ADDED %
AGRI
AGRI
%
INDUSTRY SERVICES
INDUSTRY SERVICES
CULTURE
CULTURE
change
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
'08/'09
2008
2008
EU-27
470 . 388 477.010 481 . 081 489 . 344 491 . 397 493 . 453 495 . 768 497 . 826
0.4
EU-27
1.8
26.5
71.7
5.7
24.9
69.4
EU-15
363 . 493 370.667 375 . 558 385 . 819 387 . 977 390 . 131 392 . 468 394 . 480
0.5
EU-15
1.6
25.9
72.5
3.4
23.2
73.4
EU-12
106 . 896 106.342 105 . 523 103 . 525 103 . 420 103 . 322 103 . 300 103 . 346
0.0
EU-12
4.1
33.2
62.6
14.8
31.9
53.3
BE
9.948
10.131
10.239
10.446
10.511
10.585
10.667
10.755
0.8
BE
0.7
23.1
76.2
1.8
19.9
78.3
BG
8.767
8.427
8.191
7.761
7.719
7.679
7.640
7.607
-0.4
BG
7.3
30.5
62.2
19.3
28.3
52.5
CZ
10.362
10.333
10.278
10.221
10.251
10.287
10.381
10.468
0.8
CZ
2.5
37.6
59.9
3.6
38.2
58.2
DK
1.2
25.6
73.2
2.9
20.8
76.3
DK
5.135
5.216
5.330
5.411
5.427
5.447
5.476
5.511
0.7
DE
0.9
29.8
69.3
2.1
25.4
72.5
DE
79.113
81.539
82.163
82.501
82.438
82.315
82.218
82.002
-0.3
EE
2.9
29.1
68.0
3.9
34.7
61.4
EE
1.571
1.448
1.372
1.348
1.345
1.342
1.341
1.340
0.0
IE
1.4
32.4
66.2
5.8
25.6
68.6
IE
3.507
3.598
3.778
4.109
4.209
4.313
4.401
4.450
1.1
EL
3.7
19.0
77.3
11.5
19.7
68.8
EL
10.121
10.595
10.904
11.083
11.125
11.172
11.214
11.260
0.4
ES
2.6
28.4
69.0
4.3
27.2
68.5
ES
38.826
39.343
40.050
43.038
43.758
44.475
45.283
45.828
1.2
FR
2.0
20.4
77.6
3.3
20.1
76.6
FR
56.577
57.753
58.858
60.963
61.400
61.771
62.106
62.449
0.6
IT
2.0
27.0
71.0
3.9
28.2
67.9
IT
56.694
56.844
56.924
58.462
58.752
59.131
59.619
60.045
0.7
CY
2.1
19.5
78.5
4.3
20.3
75.4
CY
0.573
0.645
0.690
0.749
0.766
0.779
0.789
0.797
1.0
LV
3.1
22.6
74.3
7.9
28.6
63.5
LV
2.668
2.501
2.382
2.306
2.295
2.281
2.271
2.261
-0.4
LT
4.4
31.5
64.1
7.9
30.4
61.7
LT
3.694
3.643
3.512
3.425
3.403
3.385
3.366
3.350
-0.5
LU
0.3
15.4
84.3
1.5
21.8
76.7
LU
0.379
0.406
0.434
0.461
0.469
0.476
0.484
0.494
2.0
HU
4.3
29.1
66.6
7.5
31.6
60.8
HU
10.375
10.337
10.222
10.098
10.077
10.066
10.045
10.031
-0.1
MT
1.8
21.0
77.3
2.4
27.9
69.8
MT
0.352
0.369
0.380
0.403
0.405
0.408
0.410
0.414
0.8
NL
1.8
25.5
72.8
2.9
16.9
80.2
NL
14.893
15.424
15.864
16.306
16.334
16.358
16.405
16.486
0.5
AT
1.7
30.7
67.6
5.2
23.9
70.8
AT
7.645
7.943
8.002
8.201
8.254
8.283
8.319
8.355
0.4
PL
3.7
32.0
64.2
14.0
31.4
54.6
PL
38.038
38.581
38.654
38.174
38.157
38.125
38.116
38.136
0.1
PT
2.3
23.9
73.8
11.6
27.9
60.5
PT
9.996
10.018
10.195
10.529
10.570
10.599
10.618
10.627
0.1
RO
7.5
37.6
54.9
29.8
30.6
39.5
RO
23.211
22.712
22.455
21.659
21.610
21.565
21.529
21.499
-0.1
SI
2.4
33.9
63.8
8.6
34.6
56.8
SI
1.996
1.989
1.988
1.998
2.003
2.010
2.010
2.032
1.1
SK
3.1
38.0
58.9
3.6
34.4
62.0
SK
5.288
5.356
5.399
5.385
5.389
5.394
5.401
5.412
0.2
FI
2.8
32.3
64.8
4.8
25.7
69.4
FI
4.974
5.099
5.171
5.237
5.256
5.277
5.300
5.326
0.5
SE
1.6
28.0
70.5
2.2
22.7
75.1
SE
8.527
8.816
8.861
9.011
9.048
9.113
9.183
9.256
0.8
UK
0.9
23.6
75.5
1.5
17.7
80.7
HR
6.4
28.6
65.0
4.8
31.1
64.0
UK
57.157
57.943
58.785
60.060
60.426
60.817
61.176
61.635
0.8
MK
12.0
31.2
56.7
19.7
31.3
49.1
HR
4.773
4.659
4.498
4.444
4.443
4.441
4.436
4.435
0.0
TR
8.5
27.1
64.4
23.7
26.8
49.5
MK
1.873
1.957
2.022
2.035
2.039
2.042
2.045
2.049
0.2
IS
6.1
26.3
67.6
4.8
22.2
73.0
TR
55.495
61.204
66.889
71.610
72.520
69.689
70.586
71.517
1.3
NO
1.1
46.1
52.9
2.8
20.6
76.6
IS
0.254
0.267
0.279
0.294
0.300
0.308
0.315
0.319
1.2
CH
1.2
28.2
70.7
4.0
23.3
72.7
NO
4.233
4.348
4.478
4.606
4.640
4.681
4.737
4.799
1.3
Notes: Agriculture covers agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing. Industry includes
CH
6.674
7.019
7.164
7.415
7.459
7.509
7.593
7.702
1.4
mining and quarrying, manufacturing, energy, gas and water supply as well
LI
0.028
0.031
0.032
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.036
0.7
as construction. All other sectors are included in services.
Share of employment: FR: 2007. UK and CH: Share based on number of jobs
Notes: CY: government-controlled area only;
(not persons).
FR: metropolitan France only (i.e. no overseas territories and overseas departments).
14
15
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t ; n a t i o n a l s o u rce s fo r M K , I S
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
( b o t h G VA a n d e m p l oy m e n t ) , H R , M K ( e m p l oy m e n t )
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
M E M B E R S TAT E S E X T E R N A L T R A D E : I M P O R T S
M E M B E R S TAT E S E X T E R N A L T R A D E : E X P O R T S
1 . 6 a
1 . 6 b
Member States External Trade
Member States External Trade
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
YEAR 2008 VALUE = billion €
YEAR 2008 VALUE = billion €
IMPORTS FROM:
EXPORTS
TO:
OF WHICH:
OF WHICH:
7
7
2
2
3
3
E
E
EU
T
T
A
EU
A
7
A
7
A
2
TR
A
AN
2
TR
A
AN
WORLD
EU
EX
ANDID
ANDID
C
EFT
USA
JAP
RUSSIA
CHINA
WORLD
EU
EX
C
EFT
USA
JAP
RUSSIA
CHINA
EU-27 4 189.762 2 624.729 1 565.033 52.918 180.054 186.887 75.159 177.866 247.917
EU-27 4 011.357 2 704.747 1 306.611 70.965 145.314 249.959 42.275 105.030 78.430
BE
317.043
221.585
95.458
2.744
7.326 17.590
8.543
5.492 13.402
BE
320.805
246.595
74.210
3.756
6.100 15.701
2.105
3.622
3.424
BG
25.094
14.228
10.866
1.744
0.231
0.270
0.141
3.607
0.756
BG
15.204
9.118
6.086
1.808
0.119
0.237
0.018
0.413
0.110
CZ
96.572
74.260
22.311
0.508
1.060
1.167
2.048
5.987
4.721
CZ
99.809
84.768
15.041
1.054
1.921
1.768
0.382
2.911
0.548
DK
74.776
53.709
21.067
0.733
5.548
2.284
0.459
1.137
4.294
DK
79.254
55.273
23.982
0.749
5.552
4.260
1.525
1.386
1.490
DE
805.730
512.768
292.962
9.956 51.019 34.361 17.430 35.666 51.461
DE
983.255
622.664
360.591 18.406 47.247 71.082 12.708 32.270 34.037
EE
10.898
8.694
2.204
0.047
0.116
0.115
0.059
0.815
0.293
EE
8.465
5.929
2.536
0.158
0.313
0.407
0.039
0.881
0.054
IE
57.088
39.902
17.186
0.326
1.698
6.592
0.852
0.116
1.879
IE
85.477
53.694
31.782
0.451
3.074 16.237
1.707
0.319
1.594
EL
60.322
32.982
27.340
2.078
1.249
1.651
0.920
4.454
3.347
EL
17.196
10.964
6.233
1.153
0.313
0.886
0.033
0.419
0.104
ES
286.105
169.596
116.509
3.534
4.797
9.570
3.900
7.351 17.108
ES
191.388
133.155
58.233
3.284
3.469
7.486
1.436
2.803
2.132
FR
478.294
323.146
155.148
4.765 19.217 20.617
5.742 13.160 19.165
FR
408.776
259.569
149.207
6.187 13.753 23.755
5.596
7.006
8.979
IT
377.284
203.976
173.308
7.224 14.381 11.798
5.022 16.085 23.600
IT
365.806
213.918
151.888 10.841 16.381 23.038
4.258 10.470
6.444
CY
7.237
4.915
2.322
0.030
0.102
0.124
0.163
0.029
0.386
CY
1.110
0.770
0.341
0.004
0.008
0.008
0.020
0.019
0.007
LV
10.975
8.284
2.691
0.056
0.206
0.106
0.028
1.184
0.250
LV
6.897
4.730
2.167
0.011
0.244
0.095
0.023
1.011
0.019
LT
21.144
12.169
8.975
0.121
0.213
0.369
0.049
6.330
0.542
LT
16.077
9.694
6.383
0.121
0.507
0.514
0.013
2.582
0.019
LU
21.475
16.018
5.456
0.038
0.221
0.528
0.071
0.017
4.086
LU
17.224
15.293
1.930
0.254
0.382
0.302
0.034
0.158
0.158
HU
74.069
50.521
23.547
0.676
0.619
1.046
1.850
6.651
5.586
HU
73.772
57.672
16.100
2.226
1.113
1.689
0.344
2.666
0.762
MT
3.252
2.402
0.850
0.032
0.073
0.069
0.056
0.001
0.106
MT
2.003
0.922
1.081
0.015
0.017
0.183
0.158
0.002
0.025
NL
394.980
190.034
204.947
2.380 16.052 29.476 11.752 21.107 40.382
NL
433.722
342.350
91.372
4.716
9.089 16.736
3.021
7.144
3.965
AT
125.301
97.762
27.540
2.213
7.029
2.244
1.040
2.350
3.203
AT
123.259
89.024
34.235
2.708
5.783
5.291
1.025
3.421
1.945
PL
141.966
102.006
39.961
1.311
2.473
2.028
1.226 13.711
6.276
PL
115.895
90.178
25.717
1.714
2.887
1.685
0.269
6.041
0.867
PT
61.174
44.987
16.187
0.390
1.119
1.031
0.589
0.404
1.342
PT
37.949
28.006
9.943
0.244
0.414
1.340
0.180
0.191
0.184
RO
57.148
39.827
17.321
2.847
0.510
0.825
0.301
3.330
2.397
RO
33.679
23.758
9.921
2.380
0.627
0.576
0.081
0.610
0.160
SI
25.180
17.942
7.238
1.934
0.209
0.428
0.104
0.396
0.616
SI
23.204
15.799
7.405
2.268
0.228
0.281
0.027
1.117
0.121
SK
50.253
36.724
13.529
0.283
0.310
0.315
0.472
5.258
2.078
SK
48.370
41.285
7.085
0.877
0.449
0.815
0.094
1.811
0.419
FI
62.402
38.710
23.692
0.250
1.921
1.252
0.690 10.150
3.168
FI
65.580
36.668
28.913
0.712
2.582
4.148
1.181
7.618
2.060
SE
113.638
78.311
35.327
0.883 10.702
3.591
2.086
4.998
4.765
SE
124.653
74.893
49.759
1.486 13.410
8.201
1.370
3.023
2.696
UK
430.361
229.270
201.091
5.814 31.653 37.441
9.566
8.081 32.706
UK
312.528
178.057
134.471
3.381
9.334 43.239
4.628
5.117
6.107
Notes: Candidate 3: Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey
Notes: Candidate 3: Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey
EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.
EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.
16
17
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
G E N E R A L D ATA
C O M PA R I S O N E U 2 7 W O R L D : G E N E R A L D ATA
1 . 7
PART 2
Comparison EU – World
GENERAL DATA
ENERGY
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
Population
498.69
304.38
127.69 1 324.66
141.96
million
Population growth
0.4
0.9
-0.1
0.5
-0.1
% change since previous year
Urban population
73
81
90
45
73
% of total
Area
4 414
9 629
378
9 597
17 075
thousand km2
Population density
113
32
338
138
8
Persons/km2
GDP (nominal)
12 507
9 819
3 313
3 072
1 133
€ billion
Real GDP growth
0.8
0.4
-1.2
9.6
5.6
(in national currency); %
Relative GDP per capita
100
155
111
19
52
in PPP (EU-27 = 100)
Exports
1 307
867
501
990
314
€ billion
Imports
1 565
1 447
503
730
186
€ billion
Notes: EU-27: area, population: incl. French overseas departments; trade: only extra-EU trade.
18
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , U n i te d N a t i o n s, n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
E N
G E E R
N EG
R Y
A L I N F O R M AT I O N
2 . 1
PART 2
2 . 1 . 1
SUMMARY
Glossary
Conventional thermal power:
2.1 GENERAL
INFORMATION .......................................................... 21
Technology for the production of electricity by combustion. May or
may not include also biomass use, which is also considered a renewable
source of electricity.
2.2 OVERVIEW AND SECURITY OF SUPPLY .......................... 26
Energy Dependency:
Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon
imports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the
2.3 TAXATION.............................................................................................. 38
following formula:
net imports / (gross inland consumption+bunkers)
Energy Intensity:
2.4 ELECTRICITY ....................................................................................... 39
Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which
energy is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of
Gross Inland Consumption of energy to Gross Domestic Product.
2.5 PRICES ..................................................................................................... 46
Final Energy Consumption (FEC):
Final energy consumption is the energy finally consumed in the transport,
industrial, commercial, agricultural, public and household sectors. It excludes
2.6 COUNTRY ENERGY STATISTICS ............................................. 54
deliveries to the energy transformation sector and to the energy industries
themselves.
Gross Calorific Value (GCV):
2.7 ENERGY STATISTICS OF CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit
quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when
AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES .............................. 82
the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature.
This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour
contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion
of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.
2.8 WORLD
CONTEXT ........................................................................... 88
Gross Inland Consumption (GIC):
Gross inland consumption is the quantity of energy consumed within the
borders of a country. It is calculated using the following formula:
primary production + recovered products + imports + stock changes
– exports – bunkers (i.e. quantities supplied to sea-going ships)
Net Calorific Value (NCV):
The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of
fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products
of combustion are returned to ambient temperature.
This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water
vapour contained in the fuel nor of the water vapour formed by the
combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.
Primary Energy Production:
Primary energy production is the extraction of energy from a natural
source. The precise definition depends on the fuel involved:
Solid fuels: Hard coal, lignite
Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation
for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the
quantities consumed by the producer during the production process
(e.g. for heating or operation of equipment and auxiliaries) as well
as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for
transformation or other uses.
20
21
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
2 . 1 . 1
2 . 1 . 2
Glossary
Average Calorific Values – Energy Content
Crude oil:
kJ (NCV)
kgoe (NCV)
Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boun-
daries, including off-shore production. Production includes only
Hard coal
1 kg
17 200 - 30 700
0.411 - 0.733
marketable production, and excludes any quantities returned to
Recovered hard coal
1 kg
13 800 - 28 300
0.330 - 0.676
formation. Production includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL),
condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc.
Patent fuels
1 kg
26 800 - 31 400
0.640 - 0.750
Natural
gas:
Hard coke
1 kg
28 500
0.681
Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction
of natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only
Brown coal
1 kg
5 600 - 10 500
0.134 - 0.251
marketable production, and excludes any quantities re-injected,
Black lignite
1 kg
10 500 - 21 000
0.251 - 0.502
vented and flared, and any extraction losses. The production in -
c lu des all quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas
Peat
1 kg
7 800 - 13 800
0.186 - 0.330
extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants.
Brown coal briquettes
1 kg
20 000
0.478
Nuclear
heat:
Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat
Tar
1 kg
37 700
0.900
produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity
Benzol
1 kg
39 500
0.943
generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant.
Oil equivalent
1 kg
41 868
1
Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar photovoltaic energy:
Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the
Crude oil
1 kg
41 600 - 42 800
0.994 - 1.022
basis of the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of
3600 kJ/kWh.
Feedstocks
1 kg
42 500
1.015
Geothermal
energy:
Refinery gas
1 kg
50 000
1.194
Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is
LPG
1 kg
46 000
1.099
calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of
the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid
Motor spirit
1 kg
44 000
1.051
disposed of via the re-injection borehole.
Kerosenes, jet fuels
1 kg
43 000
1.027
Biomass / Wastes:
In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, wood wastes
Naphtha
1 kg
44 000
1.051
and other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after com-
Gas diesel oil
1 kg
42 300
1.010
bustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In
the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the
Residual fuel oil
1 kg
40 000
0.955
heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced. The production
White spirit
1 kg
44 000
1.051
includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the
fermen ta tion processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases.
Lubricants
1 kg
42 300
1.010
In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of
the fuel. In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content
Bitumen
1 kg
37 700
0.900
(NCV) of the fuel.
Petroleum cokes
1 kg
31 400
0.750
Pumping, pumped storage:
Other petro. products
1 kg
30 000
0.717
Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by
pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes.
Electrical energy
1 kWh
3 600
0.086
Renewable Energy Sources (RES):
Renewable energy includes hydroelectricity, biomass, wind, solar, tidal
and geothermal energy.
Tonne of oil equivalent (toe):
The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for
measuring energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net
calo rific value of 41 868 kilojoules/kg.
1 ktoe = 1 000 toe
1 Mtoe = 1 000 000 toe
22
23
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 1 . 3
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
2 . 1 . 4
Methodology for the calculation of
Conversion Factors
EU-wide average fuel prices
ENERGY
All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide
fuel price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in
FROM: TO:
the individual countries weighted by their consumption.
TJ
Gcal
Mtoe
GWh
TJ
1
238.8
2.388 x 10 -5
0.2778
Electricity and Gas
Gcal
4.1868 x 10 -3
1
1 x 10 -7
1.163 x 10 -3
The legal basis for the collection of industrial gas and electricity
prices is defined by EC Directive 2008/92/EC. The collection of prices
Mtoe
4.1868 x 10 4
1 x 10 7
1
11 630
for household consumers is done on a voluntary agreement with
GWh
3.6
860
8.6 x 10 -5
1
the Member States. The collection of price information includes:
y national average prices;
y average of the last 6 months;
VOLUME
y prices are reported for different consumption bands
(see the data tables).
FROM: TO:
Barrel
Litre
U.S. gallon
U.K. gallon
Barrel
1
158.99
42
34.9723
Petroleum
Products
Litre
0.6290 x 10 -2
1
0.2642
0.2200
Heating gasoil, low sulphur fuel oil, unleaded petrol and automotive
diesel prices are supplied to Energy DG by the Member States as those
US gallon
0.2381 x 10 -1
3.7854
1
0.8327
being the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of
sales. The prices given are as of January 15th in each year.
UK gallon
0.2859 x 10 -1
4.5461
1.2009
1
The heating gasoil prices given are for deliveries of between 2 000 and
MASS
5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries
of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes.
FROM: TO:
Tonne
Long ton
Short ton
The average pump prices are given for motor fuels.
Tonne (t)
1
0.9842
1.1023
The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each
Long ton (lt) UK
1.0160
1
1.1200
country by the corresponding final energy consumption.
Short ton (st) US
0.9072
0.8929
1
DECIMAL PREFIXES
10 1
deca (da)
10 -1
deci (d)
10 2
hecto (h)
10 -2
centi (c)
10 3
kilo (k)
10 -3
milli (m)
10 6
mega (M)
10 -6
micro (μ)
10 9
giga (G)
10 -9
nano (n)
10 12
tera (T)
10 -12
pico (p)
10 15
peta (P)
10 -15
femto (f)
10 18
exa (E)
10 -18
atto (a)
24
25
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2
2 . 2 . 2
2 . 2 . 1
Gross Inland Consumption
2007 Mtoe
Indicators
EU27 AGGREGATED
ables
ENERGY
CARBON
GIC
CO EMISSIONS
al gas
2
INTENSITY
INTENSITY
PER CAPITA
PER CAPITA
tur
olid fuels
ther (*)
(toe/Meuro)(*)
(tonne CO /toe)
(kgoe/inh.)
(kg/inh.)
ALL FUELS
S
Oil
Na
Nuclear
Renew
O
2
EU-27
1 806.4
331.2
656.9
432.4
241.3
141.0
3.5
1990
232.7
2.75
3 381
9 305
Share
100.0%
18.3%
36.4%
23.9%
13.4%
7.8%
0.2%
1991
228.7
2.71
3 514
9 525
EU-25
1 746.0
313.2
641.6
416.4
235.5
135.3
3.9
Share
1992
221.2
2.68
3 429
9 191
100.0%
17.9%
36.7%
23.9%
13.5%
7.8%
0.2%
BE
57.4
4.6
22.6
14.9
12.4
1.8
1.0
1993
216.2
2.65
3 415
9 042
BG
20.3
7.8
5.1
3.0
3.8
1.0
-0.3
1994
209.3
2.64
3 396
8 977
CZ
46.2
21.4
10.0
7.2
6.8
2.2
-1.3
1995
208.8
2.61
3 474
9 070
DK
20.5
4.7
8.3
4.1
3.6
-0.1
1996
211.8
2.59
3 587
9 289
DE
339.6
87.0
112.7
76.6
36.3
28.1
-1.1
EE
6.1
3.7
1.2
0.8
0.6
-0.2
1997
204.3
2.57
3 549
9 120
IE
15.9
2.3
8.7
4.3
0.5
0.1
1998
200.5
2.54
3 582
9 113
EL
33.5
10.8
17.2
3.3
1.7
0.4
1999
193.2
2.52
3 552
8 958
ES
146.8
20.2
70.8
31.9
14.2
10.3
-0.5
2000
187.4
2.52
3 570
9 006
FR
270.3
13.4
90.9
38.5
113.4
19.0
-4.9
2001
187.8
2.51
3 642
9 157
IT
183.5
16.8
80.3
69.5
12.7
4.1
CY
2.7
0.0
2.6
0.1
0.0
2002
185.0
2.51
3 620
9 084
LV
4.8
0.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
0.3
2003
187.3
2.50
3 698
9 252
LT
9.2
0.3
2.8
2.9
2.5
0.8
-0.1
2004
184.9
2.49
3 724
9 271
LU
4.7
0.1
2.9
1.2
0.1
0.3
2005
181.5
2.48
3 711
9 190
HU
27.0
3.1
7.6
10.7
3.8
1.4
0.4
MT
0.9
0.9
2006
176.0
2.49
3 696
9 209
NL
84.5
8.4
37.2
33.4
1.1
3.0
1.5
2007
169.3
2.49
3 641
9 066
AT
33.8
3.9
13.9
7.0
8.0
1.0
GIC/GDP • CO /GIC • GIC/inhabitant • CO /inhabitant GIC = gross inland consumption
2
2
PL
98.0
55.5
25.1
12.4
5.0
0.0
1.10
PT
26.0
2.9
14.0
3.8
4.6
0.6
1.05
RO
40.1
10.2
10.2
13.0
2.0
4.8
-0.1
1.00
SI
7.3
1.6
2.6
0.9
1.5
0.7
0.0
SK
18.1
4.0
3.9
5.1
4.0
1.0
0.2
0.95
FI
37.6
7.2
11.0
3.7
6.0
8.5
1.1
0.90
SE
50.6
2.7
13.9
0.9
17.3
15.6
0.1
0.85
UK
221.1
38.7
78.7
82.0
16.3
4.6
0.8
0.80
HR
9.4
0.7
4.7
2.7
0.7
0.5
0.75
MK
2.9
0.70
TR
101.5
29.4
32.2
30.4
9.6
-0.1
1990
IS
= 1 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007
NO
27.7
0.8
10.0
4.8
12.9
-0.8
Notes: (*) For GDP at 2000 market prices
CH
26.9
0.2
11.7
2.6
7.2
5.1
0.1
Definition: carbon intensity = CO emissions/gross inland consumption
2
energy intensity = gross inland consumption of energy/gross domestic product.
Notes: (*) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
26
27
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 2
2 . 2 . 2
Gross Inland Consumption
Gross Inland Consumption – EU-27
2007, RENEWABLES in ktoe
BY FUEL
0.2 %
ABLESW
o
7.8 %
SOLID FUELS
dr
ind
RENE
olar
Biomass
Hy
W
S
Geothermal
18.3 %
OIL
EU-27
141 035
98 383
26 653
8 965
1 263
5 771
13.4 %
Share
100.0%
69.8%
18.9%
6.4%
0.9%
4.1%
GAS
EU-25
135 320
94 345
25 033
8 960
1 263
5 719
YEAR
Share
100.0%
69.7%
18.5%
6.6%
0.9%
4.2%
2007
BE
1 795
1 711
33
42
5
3
NUCLEAR
23.9 %
36.4 %
BG
962
678
247
4
33
RENEWABLES
CZ
2 182
1 988
180
11
4
DK
3 559
2 915
2
617
11
14
OTHER *
DE
28 106
22 102
1 797
3 415
580
212
EE
602
592
2
8
Mtoe
IE
465
236
57
168
1
2
EL
1 679
1 126
223
156
160
14
1 750
ES
10 292
5 394
2 387
2 365
137
8
FR
18 958
13 394
5 048
348
37
130
IT
12 689
4 463
2 822
347
56
5 002
1 500
CY
66
13
54
LV
1 413
1 173
235
5
LT
812
765
36
9
2
1 250
LU
117
100
9
6
2
HU
1 420
1 304
18
9
3
86
MT
1 000
NL
3 024
2 696
9
296
23
AT
8 038
4 630
3 095
173
108
32
PL
4 990
4 732
202
45
0
10
PT
4 584
3 149
868
347
28
193
750
RO
4 753
3 360
1 373
0
0
20
SI
735
454
281
SK
992
598
383
1
0
10
500
FI
8 515
7 279
1 219
16
1
SE
15 639
9 819
5 689
123
9
UK
4 647
3 710
438
453
46
1
250
HR
693
322
364
3
1
3
MK
TR
9 604
5 023
3 083
31
420
1 048
0
IS
NO
12 940
1 346
11 516
77
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
CH
5 052
1 827
3 031
1
30
163
Notes: (*) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
28
29
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 3
2 . 2 . 4
Import Dependency
Crude Oil and Gas Imports
2007 in %
ALL FUELS
Solid Fuels
Oil
Gas
Crude Oil Imports into the EU-27 in Mio tonnes
%
EU-27
53.1
41.2
82.6
60.3
ORIGIN
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
SHARE
2007
EU-25
53.6
41.4
82.9
61.0
BE
77.2
95.8
97.4
99.8
Russia
112.4 136.8 154.7 170.8 188.9 188.0 189.6 185.3 34.0
BG
51.9
39.4
100.8
91.5
Norway
115.9 108.1 103.1 106.4 108.6
97.5
89.1
84.3 15.5
CZ
25.1
-14.8
96.2
93.7
DK
-25.4
100.4
-67.9
-99.7
Libya
45.5
43.8
39.2
45.9
50.0
50.6
53.2
55.5 10.2
DE
58.9
37.2
94.3
80.6
Saudi Arabia
65.1
57.5
53.1
61.5
64.5
60.7
51.1
39.5
7.2
EE
29.7
0.9
99.0
100.0
Other,
IE
88.3
65.1
97.0
91.4
54.7
48.3
43.2
27.8
28.5
30.0
32.5
34.4
6.3
Middle East
EL
67.3
3.3
100.9
99.6
Iran
35.5
31.4
25.9
34.7
35.9
35.4
36.4
34.1
6.2
ES
79.5
66.6
99.7
98.9
FR
50.4
92.5
98.7
96.5
Kazahkhstan
9.9
9.1
13.4
15.9
22.2
26.4
26.8
18.3
3.4
IT
85.3
99.2
92.5
87.0
Nigeria
22.4
25.7
18.4
23.2
14.9
18.6
20.2
15.5
2.8
CY
95.9
68.0
98.6
LV
61.5
88.0
98.1
96.8
Other Origin
58.3
62.3
64.2
56.6
56.6
66.2
66.0
78.1 14.3
LT
62.3
87.2
93.3
102.9
Total
519.8 523.0 515.3 542.9 570.1 573.4 564.7 545.0
100
Imports
LU
97.5
100.0
98.8
100.0
in Million
HU
61.4
44.0
82.7
79.9
3 794 3 818 3 761 3 963 4 162 4 186 4 122 3 979
barrels
MT
100.0
100.0
NL
38.6
105.3
92.8
-64.3
Gas Imports into the EU-27 in TJ, terajoules
%
AT
69.1
105.1
92.6
81.0
PL
25.5
-15.5
102.2
66.7
ORIGIN
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
SHARE
2007
PT
82.0
100.5
98.9
98.7
Russia
4 539 709 4 421 515 4 554 744 4 895 252 4 951 044 4 952 879 4 937 711 4 685 365 40.8
RO
32.0
34.8
53.7
29.8
SI
52.5
21.0
98.9
99.7
Norway
1 985 231 2 136 379 2 601 569 2 699 473 2 801 723 2 671 779 2 844 237 3 061 751 26.7
SK
69.0
95.4
91.3
97.9
Algeria
2 203 075 1 957 181 2 132 477 2 158 803 2 042 137 2 256 826 2 132 236 1 943 976 16.9
FI
53.8
62.8
97.8
100.0
SE
36.1
93.8
96.7
100.0
Nigeria
172 020
216 120
217 882
335 929
410 260
436 319
563 905
588 317
5.1
UK
20.1
69.5
0.9
20.3
Libya
33 442
33 216
25 536
30 390
47 809
209 499
321 150
383 615
3.3
HR
56.9
101.8
81.9
9.2
MK
Qatar
12 443
27 463
87 952
80 414
160 170
195 713
232 721
275 496
2.4
TR
74.4
49.8
96.4
97.8
Egypt
202 419
327 394
221 305
1.9
IS
Trinidad
36 334
24 498
19 120
1 365
29 673
163 233
104 917
0.9
NO
-664.9
-206.3
-1 056.7
-1 520.7
and Tobago
CH
52.5
120.8
97.4
100.0
Other Origin
112 810
199 256
125 425
100 023
313 245
409 387
227 147
213 995
1.9
Notes: A simplified formula, not taking bunkers into account, is used occasionally.
Total
9 095 064 9 015 628 9 764 705 10 301 649 10 726 388 11 364 494 11 749 734 11 478 737 100
This variant gives higher values for import dependency by overlooking maritime
Imports
transport. Negative numbers indicate that the country is a net exporter.
in Mio
240 610
238 509
258 326
272 530
283 767
300 648
310 840
303 670
Values over 100 % are possible due to changes in stocks.
Cubic meters
Definition: Import Dependency = Net Imports / (Bunkers+Gross Inland Consumption).
Notes: Gross calorific value of 1 million cubic meter of Natural Gas can vary between
37.5 and 42.5 terajoule.
30
31
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 5
2 . 2 . 6
Hard Coal Imports
Final Energy Consumption
INTO THE EU27 (in kilotonnes by origin)
BY FUEL 2007 in Mtoe
7
t
2
tes
frica
y
uels
ables
L EU
alia
ed Sta
ed Hea
tricit
e
TA
s
ustr
olombia
ther
ast
TO
outh A
olid F
Russia
S
A
C
Unit
Indonesia
O
ALL FUELS
S
Oil
Ga
Elec
Deriv
& Industrial
W
Renew
(*)
1990 110 828
3 945
24 538
17 778
9 065
47 013
256
8 233
EU-27
1 157.7
53.8
484.6
268.8
244.5
42.9
63.1
EU-25
1 123.9
51.4
474.0
260.6
238.6
40.1
59.2
1991 126 465
4 057
25 862
20 743
11 642
53 855
678
9 628
BE
34.9
1.9
14.5
10.1
7.1
0.5
0.8
1992 136 076 11 122 28 256 22 201 12 087 49 262
2 384 10 764
BG
9.8
1.0
3.7
1.2
2.3
0.9
0.7
1993 112 220
9 476
26 711
19 949
11 717
34 567
1 937
7 863
CZ
25.8
3.4
7.2
6.4
4.9
2.2
1.6
1994 113 295
9 257
27 796
21 427
11 437
29 936
3 554
9 888
DK
15.7
0.3
7.4
1.7
2.9
2.3
1.2
DE
210.3
9.6
78.4
59.4
45.6
6.3
10.9
1995 124 472
8 906
29 093
19 544
11 478
41 487
3 402 10 562
EE
3.0
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.5
0.5
1996 123 390
6 928
32 716
16 440
18 271
35 881
3 844
9 310
IE
13.2
0.6
8.6
1.6
2.2
0.2
1997 134 467
7 738
34 038
19 355
19 870
36 115
5 466 11 885
EL
22.0
0.5
14.7
0.7
4.7
0.0
1.3
1998 132 892
7 768
35 359
22 256
18 952
29 503
7 151 11 903
ES
98.7
1.8
54.1
16.2
22.4
4.2
1999
FR
154.0
5.0
70.0
31.1
36.6
11.3
131 414
10 252
35 264
25 459
19 079
20 689
7 739 12 932
IT
132.1
3.7
57.1
39.4
26.6
3.1
2.2
2000 151 575 14 976 40 177 28 600 23 132 20 447
9 097 15 146
CY
1.9
0.0
1.4
0.4
0.0
0.1
2001 173 041 20 875 49 273 29 450 22 633 20 119 10 254 20 437
LV
4.4
0.1
1.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
1.0
2002 171 629 23 033 53 961 29 337 21 398 14 082 11 540 18 278
LT
5.0
0.2
1.9
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.6
2003 180 360 26 545 56 932 31 004 22 908 12 619 13 004 17 348
LU
4.4
0.1
2.9
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.1
HU
16.9
0.6
5.2
6.3
2.9
1.2
0.8
2004 196 062 40 382 54 190 30 838 24 224 15 416 13 980 17 032
MT
0.4
0.3
0.2
2005 197 043 48 304 51 698 27 013 24 147 15 673 14 704 15 504
NL
51.3
1.5
18.6
19.0
9.2
2.4
0.8
2006 213 809 55 544 53 080 27 147 26 068 17 370 21 092 13 508
AT
26.5
1.4
10.9
4.4
4.9
1.8
3.1
2007 214 358 56 117 46 121 29 069 29 018 20 833 17 594 15 606
PL
61.2
11.9
19.3
8.8
9.8
7.3
4.1
PT
18.8
0.2
9.9
1.4
4.2
0.3
2.7
2007 (%)
100
26.2
21.5
13.6
13.5
9.7
8.2
7.3
RO
24.0
1.5
6.9
7.0
3.5
1.8
3.3
Russia • South Africa • Australia • Colombia • United States • Indonesia • Other
SI
4.9
0.1
2.4
0.6
1.1
0.2
0.4
3.80
SK
10.5
1.5
2.2
3.5
2.1
0.8
0.5
3.40
FI
26.6
0.9
8.1
1.3
7.4
4.4
4.5
3.00
SE
33.5
1.3
10.5
0.8
11.4
4.1
5.3
2.60
UK
147.9
4.6
65.7
46.0
29.4
1.1
1.0
2.20
HR
6.5
0.2
3.2
1.2
1.3
0.2
0.3
1.80
MK
1.40
TR
72.8
14.5
23.5
14.4
13.1
1.0
6.3
1.00
IS
0.60
NO
18.8
0.7
7.0
0.3
9.5
0.2
1.1
2000
CH
21.1
0.2
11.5
2.5
4.9
0.6
1.4
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
= 1
Notes: (*) Excluding consumption of Renewables for Electricity and Derived Heat.
32
33
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 6
2 . 2 . 7
Final Energy Consumption – EU-27
Final Energy Consumption
BY FUEL in Mtoe
BY SEC TOR 2007 Mtoe
3.7 %
,
.
5.5 %
TC
c.
Y
, E
e
4.7 %
TORS
, et
DERIVED HEAT AND
ays
tion
es
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
SEC
ANSPORT
ailw
viga
gricultur
21.1 %
ALL
INDUSTR
TR
Road
R
Air
Inland
na
HOUSEHOLDS
SERVICES
Households
A
Servic
RENEWABLES
EU-27 1157.7
322.9
377.2
309.1
9.4
53.4
5.4
457.6
284.6
27.8
145.2
Share 100.0% 27.9% 32.6% 81.9%
2.5% 14.2%
1.4% 39.5% 62.2%
6.1% 31.7%
YEAR
SOLID FUELS
EU-25 1123.9
309.9
369.9
302.6
9.0
53.0
5.3
444.1
275.0
27.3
141.8
2007
OIL
Share 100.0% 27.6% 32.9% 81.8%
2.4% 14.3%
1.4% 39.5% 61.9%
6.1% 31.9%
23.2 %
41.9 %
BE
34.9
12.3
9.6
8.2
0.2
1.0
0.2
12.9
8.1
0.7
4.1
GAS
BG
9.8
3.9
2.7
2.4
0.1
0.2
3.2
2.1
0.3
0.9
CZ
25.8
9.5
6.6
6.0
0.3
0.4
0.0
9.6
5.9
0.5
3.2
ELECTRICITY
DK
15.7
2.9
5.6
4.4
0.1
1.0
0.1
7.2
4.5
0.8
1.9
DE 210.3
57.4
62.4
51.3
1.8
9.1
0.2
90.5
60.3
2.6
27.6
Mtoe
EE
3.0
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.1
0.4
IE
13.2
2.6
5.7
4.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.9
2.9
0.3
1.7
1 200
EL
22.0
4.6
8.8
6.8
0.1
1.3
0.7
8.6
5.3
1.1
2.1
ES
98.7
26.7
42.1
33.7
1.1
5.9
1.5
29.9
15.9
3.0
11.0
1 100
FR 154.0
33.7
51.5
42.7
1.3
7.3
0.3
68.8
41.5
3.0
24.4
IT 132.1
41.5
44.6
39.1
1.0
4.2
0.2
46.0
27.9
3.3
14.8
1 000
CY
1.9
0.3
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.3
LV
4.4
0.7
1.3
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
2.3
1.5
0.2
0.7
900
LT
5.0
1.1
1.8
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
2.1
1.3
0.1
0.6
LU
4.4
1.0
2.6
2.2
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.0
0.1
800
HU
16.9
3.4
4.7
4.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
8.9
5.6
0.5
2.9
700
MT
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
NL
51.3
14.6
15.8
11.6
0.2
3.7
0.2
21.0
9.2
4.1
7.6
600
AT
26.5
8.5
8.8
7.8
0.3
0.7
0.0
9.2
6.1
0.6
2.5
PL
61.2
18.0
14.8
13.9
0.5
0.4
0.0
28.5
18.2
3.5
6.8
500
PT
18.8
5.9
7.2
6.1
0.1
1.0
0.0
5.7
3.2
0.3
2.2
RO
24.0
9.1
4.7
4.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
10.2
7.5
0.3
2.5
400
SI
4.9
1.6
1.8
1.7
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.1
0.4
SK
10.5
4.4
2.0
1.9
0.1
0.0
4.1
2.1
0.1
1.9
300
FI
26.6
12.9
5.1
4.1
0.1
0.7
0.2
8.5
5.0
0.8
2.7
SE
33.5
12.8
8.8
7.5
0.3
0.9
0.1
11.8
6.7
0.8
4.3
200
UK 147.9
32.7
56.2
40.4
1.4
13.0
1.5
59.0
40.6
0.8
17.6
HR
6.5
1.7
2.2
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
2.6
1.7
0.2
0.7
100
MK
TR
72.8
24.9
16.9
14.1
0.2
2.2
0.5
31.0
20.7
3.9
6.4
0
IS
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
NO
18.8
6.3
5.4
3.7
0.1
0.7
0.9
7.1
3.9
0.7
2.5
CH
21.1
4.1
7.3
5.6
0.3
1.4
0.0
9.8
5.6
0.1
4.0
Notes: Renewables not including Electricity.
34
35
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 7
2 . 2 . 8
Final Energy Consumption – EU-27
Share of RES to Gross Inland Consumption (*)
BY SEC TOR Mtoe
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2.4 %
EU-27
5.8 %
5.8 %
5.7 %
6.0 %
6.4 %
6.7 %
7.1 %
7.8 %
BE
1.3 %
1.5 %
1.5 %
1.9 %
2.0 %
2.4 %
2.9 %
3.1 %
HOUSEHOLDS
BG
4.2 %
3.6 %
4.4 %
4.8 %
5.2 %
5.6 %
5.6 %
4.7 %
AND SERVICES, ETC.
32.6 %
37.1 %
CZ
1.5 %
1.7 %
2.0 %
3.3 %
3.9 %
4.0 %
4.3 %
4.7 %
YEAR
INDUSTRY
DK
10.9 %
11.4 %
12.4 %
13.5 %
15.1 %
16.4 %
15.6 %
17.3 %
2007
TRANSPORT
DE
2.8 %
3.0 %
3.4 %
3.9 %
4.5 %
5.1 %
6.0 %
8.3 %
EE
10.3 %
10.6 %
11.0 %
10.6 %
10.6 %
10.6 %
9.8 %
9.9 %
27.9 %
AGRICULTURE
IE
1.6 %
1.6 %
1.7 %
1.6 %
1.8 %
2.4 %
2.7 %
2.9 %
EL
5.0 %
4.5 %
4.7 %
5.1 %
5.1 %
5.2 %
5.7 %
5.0 %
Mtoe
ES
5.7 %
6.5 %
5.4 %
6.9 %
6.3 %
6.0 %
6.5 %
7.0 %
FR
7.0 %
6.9 %
6.3 %
6.5 %
6.5 %
6.3 %
6.6 %
7.0 %
1 200
IT
5.2 %
5.5 %
5.3 %
5.8 %
6.8 %
6.5 %
7.0 %
6.9 %
1 100
CY
1.9 %
1.8 %
1.8 %
1.8 %
2.0 %
1.9 %
1.9 %
2.4 %
1 000
LV
31.8 %
31.7 %
31.3 %
30.9 %
33.1 %
33.0 %
31.0 %
29.7 %
LT
9.2 %
8.4 %
8.1 %
7.9 %
8.0 %
8.8 %
9.3 %
8.9 %
900
LU
1.6 %
1.3 %
1.4 %
1.4 %
1.6 %
1.6 %
1.7 %
2.5 %
800
HU
2.1 %
1.9 %
3.4 %
3.4 %
3.6 %
4.4 %
4.8 %
5.3 %
700
MT
600
NL
2.4 %
2.4 %
2.6 %
2.6 %
2.8 %
3.4 %
3.6 %
3.6 %
AT
22.8 %
22.2 %
22.1 %
19.8 %
20.8 %
21.1 %
22.3 %
23.8 %
500
PL
4.2 %
4.5 %
4.6 %
4.5 %
4.7 %
4.8 %
5.1 %
5.1 %
400
PT
15.3 %
16.1 %
13.9 %
16.9 %
14.7 %
13.2 %
17.1 %
17.6 %
300
RO
10.9 %
9.3 %
9.7 %
9.9 %
11.5 %
12.6 %
11.7 %
11.9 %
SI
12.3 %
11.5 %
10.5 %
10.3 %
11.5 %
10.6 %
10.5 %
10.0 %
200
SK
2.8 %
4.0 %
3.7 %
3.3 %
3.9 %
4.3 %
4.6 %
5.5 %
100
FI
23.8 %
22.4 %
21.8 %
20.9 %
23.0 %
23.1 %
22.7 %
22.6 %
0
SE
31.4 %
28.3 %
26.3 %
25.3 %
25.7 %
29.6 %
29.4 %
30.9 %
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
UK
1.1 %
1.1 %
1.2 %
1.3 %
1.5 %
1.7 %
1.9 %
2.1 %
Notes: Renewables not including Electricity.
Notes: (*) RES Gross Inland Consumption / Gross Inland Consumption.
36
37
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 3
TA X AT I O N
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4
2 . 3 . 1
2 . 4 . 1
Electricity Production Capacity
Taxation of Energy Products
2007 in MW
EXCISES
VAT RATES
IN € PER 1 000 LITRES
L
e
ate
A
ventional
y (**)
n
DRO
d r
o
ind
Y
TOT
C
Thermal
Nuclear
W
Geothermal
H
of which:
pumping
Super 95
al gas
ting
tricit
ro
tomotiv
tur
EU-27
779 192 449 129 132 829
56 270
698 140 266
38 306
u
Eu
A
gas oil
Hea
gas oil (**)
Standar
Elec
Na
Share
100.0%
57.6%
17.0%
7.2%
0.1%
18.0%
27.3%
BE
614
368
18
21%
21%
21%
EU-25
749 289 431 769 129 526
56 237
698 131 059
37 442
BG
350
307
307
20%
20%
20%
Share
100.0%
57.6%
17.3%
7.5%
0.1%
17.5%
28.6%
CZ
483
406
406
19%
19%
19%
BE
16 360
8 842
5 825
276
1 417
1 307
BG
9 700
4 902
1 892
30
2 876
864
DK
557
380
290
25%
25%
25%
CZ
17 558
11 508
3 760
114
2 176
1 147
DE
670
486
76
19%
19%
19%
DK
12 608
9 475
3 124
9
EE
398
370
67
20%
20%
20%
DE
128 780
77 738
20 208
22 247
8 587
5 223
IE
509
409
47
21.5%
13.5%
13.5%
EE
2 760
2 697
58
5
IE
7 287
5 905
855
527
292
EL
410
302
302
19%
9%
9%
EL
13 677
9 681
846
3 150
699
ES
425
331
85
16%
16%
16%
ES
88 246
47 412
7 365
15 097
18 372
5 347
FR
607
428
57
19.6%
19.6%
19.6%
FR
116 284
25 672
63 260
2 220
25 132
4 303
IT
564
423
403
20%
20%
10%
IT
93 198
68 708
2 702
671
21 117
7 544
CY
299
245
125
15%
15%
15%
CY
1 139
1 139
LV
2 131
569
26
1 536
LV
379
330
21
21%
21%
21%
LT
4 588
2 483
1 183
47
875
760
LT
443
330
21
21%
19%
19%
LU
1 638
463
35
1 140
1 100
LU
462
305
0
15%
6%
6%
HU
8 542
6 607
1 825
61
49
HU
451
375
375
25%
25%
25%
MT
571
571
NL
23 677
21 382
510
1 748
37
MT
459
352
97
18%
18%
18%
AT
19 429
6 441
977
2
12 009
3 580
NL
701
413
78
19%
19%
19%
PL
32 497
29 863
306
2 328
1 406
AT
442
347
98
20%
20%
20%
PT
14 970
7 692
2 201
25
5 052
1 029
PL
488
339
69
22%
22%
22%
RO
20 203
12 458
1 411
3
6 331
SI
3 035
1 351
666
1 018
PT
583
364
176
20%
5%
5%
SK
7 324
2 609
2 200
2 515
916
RO
336
284
284
19%
19%
19%
FI
16 698
10 815
2 671
110
3 102
SI
462
433
95
20%
20%
20%
SE
34 294
7 873
9 074
710
16 637
45
SK
515
481
226
19%
19%
19%
UK
81 998
64 273
10 979
2 477
4 269
2 744
FI
627
391
87
22%
22%
22%
HR
3 906
1 814
17
2 075
293
MK
SE
393
446
391
25%
25%
25%
TR
40 835
27 271
146
23
13 395
UK
684
684
132
15%
5%
5%
IS
EU min (*)
359
302
21
15%
15%
15%
NO
CH
19 184
851
3 220
12
15 101
1 636
Notes: (*) Council Directives 2003/96/EC for excises, 2001/41/EC for VAT.
(**) Non-business use.
38
39
S o u rce : Co m m i s s i o n s e r v i ce s, J u l y 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4 . 1
2 . 4 . 2
Electricity Production Capacity – EU-27
Electricity from Renewable Sources
in GW
GROSS ELEC TRICIT Y CONSUMPTION – 2007 in %
L SHARE
TIVE
o (*)
TA
dr
ind
olar
17.1 %
TO
Hy
W
Biomass
S
Geothermal
2010
OBJEC
NUCLEAR
EU-27
15.6
9.2
3.1
3.0
0.112
0.2
21.0
EU-25
15.5
8.9
3.2
3.1
0.115
0.2
21.0
HYDRO
YEAR
BE
4.2
0.4
0.5
3.3
0.006
6.0
57.7 %
18.0 %
2007
BG
7.5
7.4
0.1
11.0
WIND
CZ
4.7
2.9
0.2
1.7
0.003
8.0
DK
29.0
0.1
18.8
10.1
0.005
29.0
CONV. THERMAL
DE
15.1
3.4
6.4
4.8
0.496
12.5
7.2 %
EE
1.5
0.2
0.9
0.4
5.1
IE
9.3
2.3
6.6
0.4
13.2
EL
6.8
3.8
2.7
0.3
0.001
20.1
GW
ES
20.0
9.3
9.2
1.2
0.171
29.4
FR
13.3
11.4
0.8
1.1
0.003
21.0
800
IT
13.7
9.1
1.1
1.9
0.011
1.5
25.0
CY
0.0
0.041
6.0
LV
36.4
35.2
0.7
0.6
49.3
700
LT
4.6
3.3
0.8
0.4
7.0
LU
3.7
1.3
0.8
1.3
0.264
5.7
HU
4.6
0.5
0.3
3.9
3.6
600
MT
5.0
NL
7.6
0.1
2.8
4.6
0.030
9.0
500
AT
59.8
51.4
2.9
5.5
0.024
0.0
78.1
PL
3.5
1.5
0.3
1.7
7.5
PT
30.1
18.4
7.4
3.9
0.044
0.4
39.0
400
RO
26.9
26.8
0.0
0.1
33.0
SI
22.1
21.4
0.7
33.6
SK
16.6
14.9
0.0
1.7
31.0
300
FI
26.0
15.1
0.2
10.7
0.004
31.5
SE
52.1
44.1
1.0
7.0
60.0
UK
5.1
1.3
1.3
2.5
0.003
10.0
200
HR
23.0
22.8
0.2
0.0
MK
TR
19.2
18.9
0.2
0.1
0.1
100
IS
NO
106.1
105.1
0.7
0.3
CH
56.7
53.5
0.0
3.2
0.041
0
Notes: Total Share = a / (b+c)
a = Gross Electricity Generation from RES
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
b = Total Gross Electricity Generation
c = Net Imports Electricity
(*) Does not include pumped storage.
40
41
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
Source: Eurostat, May 2009 and Directive 2001/77/EC on the promotion of elec-
tricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market.
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 4 . 2
E L E C T R I C I T Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4 . 3
Gross Electricity Generation
Electricity from Renewable Sources
2007 in TWh
SHARE OF ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
IN TOTAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION % – EU27
er wo
ables (*)
EU-27
LA
age
s
tions
ONVENTIONAL
oal
ther P
umped
or
BE
TOT
C
THERMAL
C
Oil
Ga
O
Sta
Nuclear
P
St
Renew
EU-27
3 362
1 867
988
112
760
6
935
34
526
BG
Share 100.0%
29.4%
3.3% 22.6%
0.2% 27.8%
1.0% 15.6%
CZ
EU-25
3 257
1 804
941
111
746
6
913
33
507
2010 OBJECTIVE
DK
Share 100.0%
28.9%
3.4% 22.9%
0.2% 28.0%
1.0% 15.6%
BE
88.8
35.3
6.5
0.8
27.2
0.8
48.2
1.3
4.0
DE
2007 TOTAL SHARE
BG
43.3
25.4
22.4
0.6
2.4
0.0
14.6
0.4
2.9
EE
CZ
88.2
58.2
53.8
0.1
4.3
26.2
0.4
3.4
EU27 OBJECTIVE
DK
39.2
28.1
19.9
1.1
6.9
0.2
11.1
IE
DE
637.1
395.2
299.8
11.3
84.1
0.1
140.5
7.6
93.8
EL
EE
12.2
12.0
11.4
0.0
0.6
0.1
IE
28.2
25.1
7.7
2.0
15.5
0.0
0.3
2.8
ES
EL
63.5
58.1
34.7
9.6
13.8
0.0
0.8
4.6
FR
ES
303.3
185.7
73.1
18.5
93.8
0.3
55.1
3.0
59.4
IT
FR
569.8
56.3
24.4
6.2
25.7
439.7
5.5
68.3
IT
313.9
259.0
44.1
35.4
178.3
1.2
5.7
49.2
CY
CY
4.9
4.9
4.9
0.0
LV
LV
4.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
1.9
2.8
LT
14.0
3.1
0.0
0.4
2.4
0.2
9.8
0.5
0.6
LT
LU
4.0
2.9
2.9
0.8
0.3
LU
HU
40.0
23.3
7.4
0.5
15.3
0.0
14.7
2.0
MT
2.3
2.3
2.3
HU
NL
103.2
89.9
24.9
2.2
62.6
0.2
4.2
9.1
MT
AT
63.4
19.1
6.3
1.3
11.2
0.3
2.5
41.9
PL
159.3
153.3
145.6
2.3
5.1
0.3
0.6
5.4
NL
PT
47.3
30.4
12.4
4.9
13.1
0.0
0.4
16.5
AT
RO
61.7
38.0
25.1
1.1
11.8
7.7
16.0
PL
SI
15.0
6.0
5.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
5.7
3.4
SK
28.1
7.6
4.8
0.7
2.0
0.1
15.3
0.2
5.0
PT
FI
81.2
33.4
21.4
0.5
11.1
0.4
23.4
24.4
RO
SE
148.8
3.7
0.7
1.1
1.5
0.5
67.0
0.0
78.2
UK
396.1
308.9
136.7
4.7
166.1
1.4
63.0
3.9
20.4
SI
HR
12.2
7.8
2.4
2.3
3.1
0.0
0.2
4.3
SK
MK
TR
191.6
155.1
52.3
6.5
96.1
0.1
36.5
FI
IS
SE
NO
137.5
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.2
1.1
135.3
UK
CH
68.0
1.2
0.2
0.8
0.2
27.9
1.5
37.4
Notes: (*) Not including generation from hydro pumped storage, but including electricity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
generation to pump water to storage. Municipal Solid Waste, Wood waste, Biogas
included.
42
43
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 4 . 3
E L E C T R I C I T Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4 . 3
Gross Electricity Generation
Gross Electricity Generation – EU27
FROM RENEWABLES, 2007 in GWh
in TWh
1.2 %
ABLESW
o (*)
SOLID FUELS
dr
ind
RENE
olar (**)
Hy
W
Biomass
S
Geothermal
15.6 %
OIL
EU-27
525 578
309 972
104 259
101 808
3 766
5 773
29.4 %
Share
100.0%
59.0%
19.8%
19.4%
0.7%
1.1%
GAS
EU-25
506 652
291 132
104 209
101 772
3 766
5 773
YEAR
Share
100.0%
57.5%
20.6%
20.1%
0.7%
1.1%
2007
NUCLEAR
27.8 %
BE
3 993
389
491
3 107
6
3.3 %
BG
2 921
2 874
47
RENEWABLES
CZ
3 419
2 089
125
1 203
2
22.6 %
DK
11 063
28
7 173
3 860
2
OTHER *
DE
93 770
20 904
39 713
30 078
3 075
EE
148
21
91
36
IE
2 757
667
1 958
132
TWh
EL
4 594
2 591
1 818
184
1
3 500
ES
59 416
27 763
27 509
3 635
509
FR
68 289
58 706
4 052
5 514
17
IT
49 228
32 816
4 034
6 770
39
5 569
CY
2
2
3 000
LV
2 829
2 733
53
43
LT
581
421
106
54
LU
295
107
64
103
21
2 500
HU
2 023
210
110
1 703
MT
NL
9 146
107
3 438
5 565
36
2 000
AT
41 865
35 993
2 015
3 837
17
3
PL
5 430
2 352
522
2 556
PT
16 501
10 092
4 037
2 147
24
201
RO
16 005
15 966
3
36
1 500
SI
3 377
3 266
111
SK
4 956
4 451
8
497
FI
24 429
14 177
188
10 060
4
1 000
SE
78 168
66 160
1 430
10 578
UK
20 373
5 089
5 274
9 999
11
HR
4 278
4 236
35
7
500
MK
TR
36 457
35 851
355
95
156
IS
NO
135 266
133 934
900
432
0
CH
37 372
35 250
16
2 079
27
Notes: (*) Not including generation from hydro pumped storage, but including electricity
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
generation to pump water to storage.
Notes: (*) Pumped Storage Plants and Other Power Stations.
(**) Photovoltaic Thermal.
44
45
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5
2 . 5 . 2
2 . 5 . 1
Unleaded Petrol (95 RON) Prices
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
Automotive Diesel Oil Prices
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER LITRE
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER LITRE
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
EU-27
1.010 1.167 1.126 1.272
EU-25
1.034 1.192 1.150 1.300
EU-27
0.804 0.754 0.794 0.766 0.926 1.064 1.030 1.190
EU-25
0.816 0.768 0.810 0.782 0.948 1.087 1.052 1.217
BE
0.957
1.004
0.946
0.983
0.992
1.069
1.305
1.201
1.415
BE
0.730
0.735
0.721
0.737
0.731
0.854
1.029
0.927
1.095
BG
BG
CZ
0.809
0.980
0.977
1.196
CZ
0.815
0.970
0.980
1.212
DK
1.001
1.065
1.040
1.107
1.071
1.098
1.267
1.173
1.335
DK
0.822
0.821
0.796
0.858
0.823
0.909
1.075
0.987
1.174
DE
0.956
0.972
0.989
1.110
1.077
1.111
1.262
1.205
1.350
DE
0.759
0.820
0.813
0.904
0.876
0.970
1.094
1.047
1.237
EE
0.674
0.842
0.782
1.012
EE
0.697
0.860
0.811
1.111
IE
0.815
0.955
0.802
0.869
0.870
0.941
1.076
1.034
1.195
IE
0.771
0.940
0.742
0.787
0.796
0.949
1.078
1.032
1.199
EL
0.672
0.725
0.692
0.753
0.738
0.767
0.941
0.912
1.100
EL
0.619
0.641
0.597
0.657
0.642
0.774
0.919
0.916
1.116
ES
0.749
0.788
0.768
0.832
0.805
0.844
1.001
0.950
1.098
ES
0.621
0.725
0.673
0.723
0.701
0.808
0.930
0.891
1.052
FR
1.039
1.003
0.959
1.046
0.997
1.038
1.220
1.169
1.338
FR
0.805
0.805
0.745
0.818
0.791
0.914
1.054
1.011
1.187
IT
0.999
1.038
0.996
1.070
1.048
1.088
1.260
1.208
1.356
IT
0.836
0.902
0.836
0.895
0.876
1.004
1.157
1.098
1.261
CY
0.757
0.894
0.861
1.024
CY
0.722
0.869
0.831
1.007
LV
0.717
0.855
0.844
1.030
LV
0.702
0.855
0.865
1.040
LT
0.708
0.890
0.796
1.020
LT
0.715
0.878
0.813
1.039
LU
0.741
0.781
0.736
0.788
0.826
0.902
1.066
1.009
1.154
LU
0.632
0.645
0.620
0.652
0.622
0.724
0.881
0.847
1.016
HU
0.958
1.053
0.999
1.146
HU
0.937
1.020
0.970
1.165
MT
0.868
1.085
0.992
1.090
MT
0.831
0.943
0.906
1.020
NL
1.057
1.140
1.102
1.159
1.188
1.248
1.407
1.342
1.494
NL
0.782
0.825
0.770
0.803
0.826
0.909
1.043
1.007
1.173
AT
0.868
0.871
0.821
0.899
0.858
0.910
1.052
0.989
1.183
AT
0.733
0.771
0.695
0.748
0.727
0.836
0.973
0.935
1.156
PL
0.875
0.970
0.943
1.182
PL
0.830
0.965
0.917
1.122
PT
0.803
0.913
0.858
0.950
0.950
0.996
1.196
1.239
1.393
PT
0.549
0.648
0.648
0.700
0.700
0.834
0.981
1.019
1.197
RO
RO
SI
0.820
0.919
0.974
1.059
SI
0.816
0.914
0.924
1.055
SK
0.857
1.043
1.017
1.160
SK
0.874
1.039
1.034
1.216
FI
1.062
1.086
1.004
1.084
1.052
1.143
1.232
1.169
1.355
FI
0.768
0.870
0.783
0.818
0.776
0.876
0.997
0.960
1.161
SE
0.810
0.857
0.801
0.860
0.849
0.976
1.133
1.062
1.234
SE
1.004
1.036
0.954
1.022
1.019
1.103
1.207
1.139
1.266
UK
1.258
1.286
1.211
1.163
1.126
1.201
1.358
1.380
1.460
UK
1.219
1.212
1.134
1.141
1.101
1.130
1.298
1.313
1.395
HR
HR
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
1.193
1.030
1.143
NO
1.205
1.105
1.249
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
46
47
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 5 . 3
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5 . 4
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Industry
Residual Fuel Oil Prices for Industry
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
BAND IC: 500 MWh < CONSUMPTION < 2 000 MWh
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER TONNE
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER 100 KWh
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
EU-27
235.0 352.5 294.3 380.4
EU-27
9.45
9.78
10.29
EU-25
243.3 365.2 304.9 396.3
EU-25
BE
142.2
158.7
141.0
199.6
147.8
166.2
264.4
216.2
367.7
BE
9.49
10.69
10.96
BG
BG
5.68
5.62
6.49
6.49
CZ
164.0
262.0
240.7
339.3
CZ
9.46
11.07
11.21
10.69
DK
194.7
224.9
229.9
258.2
480.7
530.5
652.8
575.0
677.0
DK
8.95
9.13
10.19
8.59
DE
155.0
164.6
169.5
202.5
165.1
169.9
286.0
238.3
363.0
DE
9.57
10.13
10.53
10.78
11.32
EE
113.3
EE
5.30
5.67
6.01
6.43
IE
255.8
259.2
404.2
348.1
290.6
IE
12.35
13.02
14.19
13.14
EL
209.4
237.2
196.4
250.9
209.5
201.8
336.8
257.6
415.1
EL
7.89
8.61
9.20
ES
194.3
244.0
210.6
253.0
200.4
213.4
349.9
286.0
400.0
ES
9.58
9.61
10.68
11.54
FR
165.1
189.0
190.9
217.8
173.1
193.4
302.8
239.7
386.7
FR
5.80
6.41
6.15
IT
218.0
245.9
361.7
275.8
411.2
IT
13.99
14.81
CY
CY
13.91
14.27
18.07
11.86
LV
LV
5.94
6.60
7.96
8.96
LT
224.2
LT
7.44
8.29
8.38
9.24
LU
157.6
180.9
145.4
208.9
176.4
170.6
LU
10.33
10.31
10.31
10.34
HU
213.0
316.5
303.4
399.1
HU
11.28
11.42
12.18
MT
MT
12.21
12.21
16.19
NL
200.1
220.1
202.0
237.0
237.0
223.0
338.0
300.5
443.0
NL
9.40
9.70
9.90
10.20
11.30
AT
165.0
190.8
168.4
233.0
179.0
216.7
337.7
294.7
438.7
AT
9.40
10.64
10.72
PL
168.9
263.3
308.5
396.2
PL
9.05
8.81
9.10
9.02
PT
204.9
293.9
247.0
254.0
224.1
235.3
379.9
329.0
464.3
PT
8.68
8.95
9.01
8.90
RO
RO
9.08
8.86
9.50
8.11
SI
253.1
362.7
326.0
451.5
SI
9.10
9.32
9.85
11.18
SK
194.4
245.4
270.5
313.0
SK
10.53
11.51
12.90
14.23
FI
5.77
5.86
6.40
6.74
6.89
FI
207.5
222.2
277.4
318.7
261.0
307.9
433.9
361.2
511.5
SE
6.22
6.56
6.93
7.73
6.67
SE
418.9
533.7
469.2
550.9
580.4
623.9
750.8
674.0
840.2
UK
11.03
10.78
9.77
10.88
11.15
UK
243.9
202.5
227.8
400.2
342.0
HR
6.66
7.38
7.56
9.47
8.67
HR
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
7.56
7.84
8.71
NO
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
48
49
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5 . 5
2 . 5 . 6
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Industry
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Households
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
BAND I3: 10 000 GJ < CONSUMPTION < 100 000 GJ
BAND DC: 2 500 KWh < CONSUMPTION < 5 000 KWh
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER GJ GCV
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER 100 KWh
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
EU-27
8.48
9.46
10.97
EU-27
15.62
15.93
16.73
EU-25
EU-25
BE
7.83
9.15
10.79
9.04
BE
16.83
19.72
20.81
BG
5.02
5.72
7.43
8.74
BG
7.21
7.11
8.23
8.23
CZ
6.82
8.87
10.95
9.29
CZ
10.63
12.74
12.99
13.23
DK
7.34
16.90
15.43
DK
24.01
26.35
27.85
26.98
DE
10.79
12.40
13.81
DE
20.25
21.05
21.48
21.95
22.82
EE
5.04
6.97
8.76
7.50
EE
7.86
8.14
8.50
9.22
IE
IE
19.18
17.69
20.33
20.37
EL
EL
9.84
10.47
10.99
ES
7.07
7.64
9.03
ES
14.00
13.66
15.57
15.77
FR
8.51
9.23
10.85
FR
12.13
12.13
12.32
IT
8.74
8.36
9.34
11.32
IT
20.79
21.95
CY
CY
15.73
17.80
20.40
15.58
LV
7.70
7.92
11.01
10.87
LV
7.29
8.42
10.03
10.52
LT
6.76
8.79
12.14
8.73
LT
8.70
8.60
8.65
9.51
LU
9.40
11.30
LU
16.84
15.91
15.91
15.56
HU
8.57
9.69
11.71
HU
12.96
15.48
15.53
MT
MT
9.93
9.93
15.36
NL
9.61
9.10
9.61
10.64
10.64
NL
17.80
17.20
17.30
17.80
18.50
AT
AT
17.40
17.79
17.72
19.09
PL
7.22
8.36
9.33
7.73
PL
13.80
12.59
12.95
11.31
PT
8.20
8.69
9.21
9.81
PT
15.59
14.80
15.25
14.40
RO
7.89
7.79
7.76
6.48
RO
11.41
10.61
11.03
9.76
SI
8.84
10.12
12.66
12.13
SI
11.16
11.47
11.56
13.65
SK
7.98
8.92
13.12
11.30
SK
13.77
13.65
15.27
15.40
FI
6.32
6.80
7.90
9.30
8.50
FI
11.49
12.23
12.73
12.96
SE
12.27
12.49
14.37
14.72
10.96
SE
15.58
16.13
16.98
17.46
16.02
UK
8.70
7.17
7.73
8.69
8.35
UK
14.81
14.58
16.03
HR
6.90
6.42
6.37
6.41
7.32
HR
9.24
9.84
9.90
11.84
11.51
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
NO
14.98
16.39
17.00
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
50
51
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5 . 7
2 . 5 . 8
Heating Gasoil Prices for Households
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Households
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER 1 000 LITRES
BAND D2: 20 GJ < CONSUMPTION < 200 GJ
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER GJ GCV
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
EU-27
501.1
653.0
602.1
773.2
EU-27
12.40
12.99
15.07
EU-25
505.2
661.6
610.0
780.1
EU-25
BE
278.4 328.2 273.0 318.8 302.7
372.4
549.4
494.2
682.7
BE
11.48
13.48
16.74
13.93
BG
BG
7.48
8.20
9.05
10.95
CZ
492.0
610.6
554.3
714.7
CZ
8.45
10.25
12.34
11.55
DK
683.0 699.9 664.9 725.5 719.9
837.8 1 002.4
913.3 1 092.3
DK
29.50
21.25
20.44
DE
327.4 377.4 312.9 401.2 334.4
430.9
587.7
537.0
707.6
DE
14.32
14.97
17.79
EE
431.4
541.1
506.5
710.4
EE
6.17
7.88
8.73
9.29
IE
405.2 502.5 397.5 465.2 443.8
525.7
685.1
630.3
807.8
IE
14.84
13.29
15.90
15.76
EL
278.2 314.8 302.9 348.2 329.3
415.0
589.0
544.0
716.0
EL
ES
359.5 392.9 339.0 428.5 374.2
446.2
584.8
551.6
733.6
ES
13.92
13.78
15.64
FR
411.0 407.8 314.1 419.1 393.4
477.6
632.4
572.4
761.8
FR
12.18
12.29
13.71
IT
799.5 816.5 816.0 875.0 851.1
952.4 1 102.1 1 045.7 1 203.1
IT
15.15
14.30
14.55
16.65
CY
622.8
720.3
743.3
731.8
CY
LV
473.5
600.6
588.8
764.3
LV
7.33
8.29
13.22
13.22
LT
376.5
521.3
469.8
644.1
LT
5.52
7.75
9.01
10.00
LU
280.1 309.9 260.0 324.0 300.0
377.0
504.0
457.0
623.0
LU
10.33
15.81
HU
937.0 1019.6
970.2 1 164.7
HU
8.85
9.36
10.77
MT
370.2
556.7
559.0
626.6
MT
10.39
8.57
9.45
12.71
NL
490.5 590.8 552.0 622.0 608.0
700.0
854.0
820.0
964.0
NL
16.84
16.08
16.28
17.67
19.19
AT
395.3 413.9 371.7 422.4 427.1
492.7
644.8
582.0
748.2
AT
14.13
13.56
14.26
15.03
PL
430.9
600.8
527.9
729.5
PL
9.13
9.48
11.72
8.85
PT
334.2 359.1 359.0 465.0 425.0
500.0
649.0
622.0
876.0
PT
17.27
16.54
16.65
15.68
RO
RO
7.99
7.74
7.84
6.82
SI
487.1
583.7
563.0
720.0
SI
15.23
SK
428.1
583.5
559.7
681.8
SK
9.73
9.60
10.86
10.78
FI
347.3 454.1 334.0 397.5 381.6
449.0
621.0
544.0
724.0
FI
SE
547.6 671.8 648.4 698.2 777.7
853.4
992.5
976.5 1 156.4
SE
20.66
20.45
21.23
23.14
19.80
UK
293.7 322.9 251.9 278.0 273.8
372.8
538.7
499.2
671.9
UK
9.44
10.46
12.73
HR
HR
6.81
6.30
6.29
6.31
7.26
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
639.3
634.0 753.0
NO
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
52
53
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6
2 . 6 . 2
2 . 6 . 1
Belgium
EU-27
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
13.11
12.73
15.51
15.45
15.29
14.22
Production
937.80
951.03
942.86
900.40
880.90
859.45
Solid fuels
1.08
0.27
0.19
0.06
0.02
Solid fuels
366.48
277.81
213.45
196.28
191.52
187.78
Oil
0.01
0.12
Oil
131.31
171.90
173.98
133.97
122.67
121.62
Gas
0.01
0.00
0.00
Gas
162.45
188.96
207.56
188.68
179.41
167.36
Nuclear
10.71
10.34
12.42
12.28
12.03
12.44
Nuclear
202.59
223.03
243.76
257.36
255.34
241.26
Renewables
0.65
0.64
0.71
1.18
1.33
1.27
Renewables
72.71
85.20
99.20
120.45
128.15
138.83
Industrial waste
0.66
1.49
2.18
1.93
1.91
0.39
Industrial waste
2.28
4.13
4.91
3.66
3.80
2.60
Net Imports
39.63
46.86
50.81
53.78
53.49
51.45
Net Imports
756.20
738.39
827.08
986.62 1 011.22
988.35
Solid fuels
9.49
9.34
7.57
5.51
4.97
4.42
Solid fuels
81.88
79.23
98.65
126.50
133.78
136.31
Oil
22.24
26.67
29.49
32.62
32.18
31.03
Oil
535.72
512.07
533.81
600.54
608.79
588.29
Gas
8.22
10.42
13.28
14.82
15.03
14.90
Gas
135.12
145.29
192.53
257.37
266.46
260.54
Electricity
-0.32
0.35
0.37
0.54
0.87
0.58
Electricity
3.32
1.51
1.69
0.97
0.30
0.90
Renewables
0.09
0.10
0.28
0.43
0.52
Renewables
0.15
0.29
0.40
1.24
1.90
2.31
Derived heat
Derived heat
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Gross Inland Consumption
48.61
54.94
61.46
61.15
60.41
57.38
Gross Inland Consumption
1 662.02 1 663.15 1 724.34 1 825.63 1 825.52 1 806.38
Solid fuels
10.24
8.55
8.20
5.45
5.16
4.61
Solid fuels
452.96
364.14
321.06
319.51
325.10
331.23
Oil
18.50
22.88
24.10
24.75
23.67
22.63
Oil
632.90
651.59
659.91
676.49
673.08
656.93
Gas
8.17
10.61
13.37
14.74
14.99
14.93
Gas
294.90
333.27
393.42
446.00
437.98
432.41
Nuclear
10.71
10.34
12.42
12.28
12.03
12.44
Nuclear
202.59
223.03
243.76
257.36
255.34
241.26
Renewables
0.65
0.72
0.82
1.46
1.77
1.79
Renewables
73.07
85.48
99.59
121.63
129.93
141.03
Other (****)
0.34
1.84
2.55
2.48
2.78
0.97
Other (****)
5.60
5.64
6.60
4.63
4.10
3.51
Elec. Generation (TWh)
70.85
74.43
83.89
87.03
85.54
88.82
Elec. Generation (TWh)
2 583.76 2 732.74 3 020.92 3 308.95 3 353.95 3 361.69
Coal (TWh)
17.10
16.52
12.92
8.20
6.85
6.47
Coal (TWh)
927.73
947.41
925.22
969.24
987.11
988.37
Oil (TWh)
1.31
1.31
0.80
1.74
1.38
0.81
Oil (TWh)
214.75
224.28
180.21
138.97
131.69
112.48
Gas (TWh)
8.17
12.94
19.09
25.14
25.39
27.24
Gas (TWh)
215.93
294.93
512.02
692.68
712.50
760.18
Nuclear (TWh)
42.72
41.36
48.16
47.60
46.65
48.23
Nuclear (TWh)
794.87
881.82
944.99
997.70
989.88
935.28
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.77
0.95
1.33
2.63
3.73
3.99
Renewables (TWh) (*)
310.12
356.16
422.41
464.20
489.25
525.58
Other (TWh) (***)
0.78
1.35
1.60
1.72
1.55
2.08
Other (TWh) (***)
120.37
28.15
36.06
46.15
43.54
39.81
Final Energy Consumption
1 068.08 1 071.34 1 114.36 1 172.28 1 175.59 1 157.68
Final Energy Consumption
32.07
36.07
39.13
38.44
38.17
34.87
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
125.53
85.32
61.85
54.66
55.37
53.85
Solid fuels
3.79
3.31
3.38
2.08
2.03
1.88
Oil
444.53
457.24
479.26
497.64
496.54
484.60
Oil
14.93
16.43
16.13
16.53
15.54
14.53
Gas
227.90
246.00
265.54
283.71
277.64
268.76
Gas
7.25
8.52
10.01
10.01
10.47
10.09
Electricity
184.07
193.37
216.41
237.55
243.00
244.47
Electricity
4.99
5.88
6.67
6.89
7.10
7.13
Renewables
37.23
42.67
48.65
55.87
59.91
63.14
Renewables
0.33
0.35
0.41
0.65
0.70
0.75
Derived heat & Industrial waste
48.83
46.74
42.65
42.85
43.14
42.85
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.80
1.58
2.53
2.28
2.32
0.50
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
365.73
329.80
327.76
325.79
319.51
322.87
INDUSTRY
12.59
13.61
15.76
13.56
14.43
12.34
TRANSPORT
280.73
301.20
340.17
363.23
371.14
377.25
TRANSPORT
7.73
8.51
9.71
9.93
9.63
9.59
HOUSEHOLDS
263.42
280.02
286.90
307.49
304.69
284.55
HOUSEHOLDS
8.36
9.32
9.49
9.94
8.93
8.12
AGRICULTURE
33.00
31.74
29.89
29.94
28.35
27.83
AGRICULTURE
0.49
1.10
0.66
0.82
0.72
0.73
SERVICES, ETC.
125.20
128.58
129.65
145.83
151.91
145.18
SERVICES, ETC.
2.90
3.53
3.51
4.20
4.46
4.09
Non-Energy Uses
98.02 110.34 112.33 115.51 112.79 114.41
Non-Energy Uses
2.75
5.51
6.87
7.50
6.95
7.17
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
4 574
4 342
4 350
4 521
4 549
4 498
2
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
135
139
144
152
150
149
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
233
209
187
181
176
169
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
239
249
244
224
215
199
Carbon intensity
2.75
2.61
2.52
2.48
2.49
2.49
Carbon intensity
2.78
2.53
2.35
2.48
2.48
2.59
Import dependency, %
44.5
43.5
46.8
52.6
53.8
53.1
Import dependency, %
75.2
79.6
76.1
78.2
77.9
77.2
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 381
3 474
3 570
3 711
3 696
3 641
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 876
5 420
5 998
5 838
5 730
5 402
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 305
9 070
9 006
9 190
9 209
9 066
2
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
13 546
13 726
14 092
14 505
14 233
14 005
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
54
55
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 3
2 . 6 . 4
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
9.14
10.19
9.85
10.61
10.97
9.87
Production
40.09
32.22
29.91
32.84
33.53
33.68
Solid fuels
5.12
5.29
4.31
4.18
4.31
4.77
Solid fuels
36.32
27.95
25.05
23.57
23.86
23.80
Oil
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
Oil
0.22
0.30
0.46
0.60
0.48
0.46
Gas
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.38
0.37
0.24
Gas
0.20
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.15
0.14
Nuclear
3.78
4.45
4.69
4.81
5.03
3.78
Nuclear
3.25
3.15
3.51
6.38
6.72
6.75
Renewables
0.16
0.37
0.78
1.15
1.17
0.99
Renewables
0.10
0.60
0.60
2.01
2.20
2.40
Industrial waste
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.07
Industrial waste
0.03
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.13
Net Imports
17.84
13.48
8.72
9.52
9.54
10.59
Net Imports
7.71
8.66
9.47
12.89
12.92
11.59
Solid fuels
3.53
2.42
2.26
2.55
2.45
3.09
Solid fuels
-5.67
-5.81
-4.74
-3.18
-3.38
-3.17
Oil
8.55
6.52
4.12
5.19
5.18
5.16
Oil
8.65
8.02
7.59
9.81
9.70
9.66
Gas
5.43
4.56
2.74
2.46
2.61
2.75
Gas
4.79
6.42
7.48
7.53
7.91
6.71
Electricity
0.33
-0.01
-0.40
-0.65
-0.67
-0.38
Electricity
-0.06
0.04
-0.86
-1.09
-1.09
-1.39
Renewables
-0.01
0.00
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
Renewables
-0.19
-0.23
-0.22
Derived heat
Derived heat
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Gross Inland Consumption
27.98
23.31
18.65
19.99
20.54
20.34
Gross Inland Consumption
49.02
41.55
40.54
45.31
46.38
46.24
Solid fuels
8.70
7.67
6.42
6.90
6.96
7.84
Solid fuels
31.46
23.01
21.63
20.29
21.04
21.38
Oil
9.61
6.25
4.22
4.95
5.12
5.07
Oil
9.03
8.17
8.04
10.07
10.04
10.04
Gas
5.40
4.58
2.93
2.80
2.90
3.01
Gas
5.25
6.55
7.50
7.70
7.58
7.16
Nuclear
3.78
4.45
4.69
4.81
5.03
3.78
Nuclear
3.25
3.15
3.51
6.38
6.72
6.75
Renewables
0.16
0.36
0.78
1.12
1.14
0.96
Renewables
0.10
0.60
0.60
1.82
1.97
2.18
Other (****)
0.33
-0.01
-0.39
-0.59
-0.61
-0.32
Other (****)
-0.06
0.06
-0.73
-0.96
-0.97
-1.26
Elec. Generation (TWh)
42.14
41.79
40.92
44.37
45.84
43.30
Elec. Generation (TWh)
62.56
60.85
73.47
82.58
84.36
88.20
Coal (TWh)
14.93
17.32
16.94
18.46
19.08
22.37
Coal (TWh)
47.02
44.33
52.56
49.52
49.65
53.80
Oil (TWh)
1.97
1.44
0.66
0.61
0.38
0.57
Oil (TWh)
0.54
0.59
0.37
0.33
0.26
0.12
Gas (TWh)
8.70
3.45
2.18
1.90
2.28
2.43
Gas (TWh)
0.97
1.00
3.91
4.22
4.17
4.26
Nuclear (TWh)
14.67
17.26
18.18
18.65
19.49
14.64
Nuclear (TWh)
12.59
12.23
13.59
24.73
26.05
26.17
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.88
1.75
2.69
4.34
4.26
2.92
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.16
2.41
2.28
3.14
3.53
3.42
Other (TWh) (***)
0.57
0.28
0.41
0.35
0.37
Other (TWh) (***)
0.29
0.29
0.76
0.65
0.71
0.43
Final Energy Consumption
16.15
11.38
8.59
9.58
10.01
9.78
Final Energy Consumption
32.34
25.20
23.92
25.88
26.32
25.76
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.52
1.25
0.85
0.97
0.95
0.98
Solid fuels
13.83
5.93
5.06
3.67
4.02
3.39
Oil
4.98
2.90
3.00
3.64
3.86
3.72
Oil
6.26
5.05
5.41
6.94
6.89
7.24
Gas
2.07
1.79
1.23
1.03
1.17
1.16
Gas
5.15
6.12
6.42
6.58
6.63
6.36
Electricity
3.03
2.47
2.07
2.21
2.31
2.34
Electricity
4.14
4.13
4.24
4.75
4.90
4.92
Renewables
0.18
0.55
0.75
0.77
0.71
Renewables
0.31
0.15
1.34
1.45
1.63
Derived heat & Industrial waste
4.54
2.80
0.88
0.99
0.95
0.88
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.96
3.66
2.63
2.59
2.42
2.22
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
9.01
6.01
3.65
3.74
3.82
3.86
INDUSTRY
16.37
12.45
10.08
9.62
9.46
9.55
TRANSPORT
2.52
1.98
1.82
2.57
2.77
2.69
TRANSPORT
2.81
2.86
4.38
6.17
6.31
6.63
HOUSEHOLDS
2.23
2.26
2.16
2.15
2.18
2.07
HOUSEHOLDS
7.85
5.44
5.30
6.19
6.51
5.91
AGRICULTURE
0.78
0.38
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.27
AGRICULTURE
1.55
1.23
0.66
0.55
0.56
0.52
SERVICES, ETC.
1.60
0.76
0.65
0.83
0.94
0.90
SERVICES, ETC.
3.76
3.22
3.50
3.35
3.48
3.15
Non-Energy Uses
1.43
1.24
1.26
1.07
0.97
1.04
Non-Energy Uses
1.71
2.41
2.10
2.91
3.05
2.69
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
88
68
51
55
56
60
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
165
132
128
127
130
131
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
1 984
1 632
1 361
1 127
1 090
1 016
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
818
727
659
613
588
553
Carbon intensity
3.15
2.91
2.73
2.74
2.72
2.93
Carbon intensity
3.37
3.17
3.15
2.81
2.80
2.83
Import dependency, %
63.6
57.2
46.6
47.4
46.2
51.9
Import dependency, %
15.7
20.9
23.4
28.4
27.9
25.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 209
2 773
2 288
2 589
2 668
2 642
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 730
4 022
3 946
4 428
4 517
4 480
CO per capita (kg/cap)
10 098
8 065
6 253
7 106
7 269
7 739
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
15 918
12 763
12 432
12 449
12 631
12 694
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
56
57
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 5
2 . 6 . 6
Bulgaria
Denmark
Germany
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
10.06
15.59
27.67
31.23
29.51
26.99
Production
188.57
142.98
134.53
135.99
137.05
137.83
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
125.13
78.83
59.60
56.49
53.31
54.59
Oil
6.09
9.36
18.19
18.94
17.24
15.53
Oil
5.92
4.31
4.72
5.66
5.69
5.70
Gas
2.77
4.70
7.41
9.38
9.32
8.27
Gas
13.53
15.10
15.80
14.22
14.05
12.87
Nuclear
Nuclear
37.67
37.32
43.75
42.06
43.15
36.25
Renewables
1.20
1.53
2.06
2.90
2.95
3.19
Renewables
5.83
6.52
9.63
17.56
20.83
28.12
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
0.49
0.90
1.03
0.00
0.02
0.30
Net Imports
8.62
7.55
-7.26
-10.41
-8.06
-5.49
Net Imports
166.52
196.27
205.68
215.28
215.55
201.84
Solid fuels
6.22
7.66
3.78
3.54
5.13
4.67
Solid fuels
3.18
10.96
21.60
26.81
29.11
32.35
Oil
2.73
1.44
-8.28
-9.38
-8.23
-6.39
Oil
121.53
131.99
126.95
123.13
121.52
109.18
Gas
-0.93
-1.50
-2.88
-5.01
-4.69
-4.05
Gas
41.75
52.90
56.87
65.73
66.43
61.75
Electricity
0.61
-0.07
0.06
0.12
-0.60
-0.08
Electricity
0.07
0.41
0.26
-0.39
-1.46
-1.42
Renewables
0.01
0.06
0.33
0.32
0.37
Renewables
-0.06
-0.02
Derived heat
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Derived heat
0.00
Gross Inland Consumption
17.89
20.28
19.52
19.67
20.92
20.51
Gross Inland Consumption
358.16
340.46
342.36
347.12
348.84
339.57
Solid fuels
6.09
6.50
3.99
3.75
5.48
4.65
Solid fuels
131.52
92.17
83.73
82.80
82.24
86.97
Oil
8.18
9.14
8.90
8.17
8.23
8.32
Oil
127.60
135.83
132.11
124.24
124.63
112.73
Gas
1.82
3.17
4.45
4.40
4.54
4.06
Gas
54.98
67.30
71.85
80.86
79.50
76.64
Nuclear
Nuclear
37.67
37.32
43.75
42.06
43.15
36.25
Renewables
1.20
1.54
2.12
3.23
3.27
3.56
Renewables
5.83
6.52
9.63
17.56
20.77
28.11
Other (****)
0.61
-0.07
0.06
0.12
-0.60
-0.08
Other (****)
0.56
1.32
1.29
-0.39
-1.44
-1.13
Elec. Generation (TWh)
25.98
36.65
36.05
36.24
45.61
39.15
Elec. Generation (TWh)
549.94
536.24
571.55
620.30
636.60
637.10
Coal (TWh)
23.56
27.26
16.67
15.46
24.57
19.90
Coal (TWh)
220.50
289.70
291.50
297.52
293.63
299.79
Oil (TWh)
0.83
3.34
4.25
1.22
1.45
1.11
Oil (TWh)
10.85
8.98
4.79
10.58
9.55
11.27
Gas (TWh)
0.69
3.64
8.77
8.78
9.42
6.91
Gas (TWh)
45.40
50.39
59.97
76.61
82.85
84.12
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
152.47
154.09
169.61
163.06
167.27
140.53
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.85
2.12
6.13
10.63
10.06
11.06
Renewables (TWh) (*)
20.60
25.25
38.79
64.66
74.13
93.77
Other (TWh) (***)
0.05
0.30
0.23
0.15
0.12
0.18
Other (TWh) (***)
100.13
7.83
6.91
7.87
9.18
7.62
Final Energy Consumption
13.44
14.75
14.64
15.43
15.62
15.71
Final Energy Consumption
227.20
222.80
218.10
217.31
221.63
210.29
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.40
0.41
0.29
0.25
0.26
0.26
Solid fuels
37.14
14.92
10.95
9.83
9.79
9.60
Oil
7.13
7.16
6.98
7.23
7.29
7.39
Oil
96.80
104.90
98.46
88.71
89.74
78.45
Gas
1.16
1.69
1.67
1.71
1.70
1.67
Gas
42.72
52.59
56.06
59.82
60.47
59.43
Electricity
2.44
2.66
2.79
2.88
2.92
2.90
Electricity
38.39
38.91
41.50
44.50
45.40
45.61
Renewables
0.57
0.60
0.66
0.94
1.04
1.20
Renewables
2.99
2.73
4.80
8.15
9.88
10.90
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.76
2.24
2.25
2.42
2.41
2.29
Derived heat & Industrial waste
9.15
8.74
6.32
6.30
6.34
6.31
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
2.69
3.03
2.94
2.86
2.93
2.91
INDUSTRY
71.46
62.00
57.90
55.81
55.60
57.37
TRANSPORT
4.02
4.46
4.73
5.26
5.34
5.56
TRANSPORT
58.63
63.08
66.19
62.15
63.31
62.39
HOUSEHOLDS
3.89
4.37
4.13
4.44
4.44
4.46
HOUSEHOLDS
58.42
63.15
62.14
66.83
67.91
60.32
AGRICULTURE
1.00
0.94
0.97
0.86
0.89
0.83
AGRICULTURE
3.04
2.68
2.74
2.57
2.62
2.62
SERVICES, ETC.
1.84
1.94
1.87
2.00
2.02
1.94
SERVICES, ETC.
35.65
31.89
29.14
29.95
32.19
27.59
Non-Energy Uses
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.29
0.31
Non-Energy Uses
23.47
23.32
25.46
24.97
25.15
24.72
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
58
68
60
55
64
59
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
1 055
944
910
883
900
876
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
133
134
112
106
110
106
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
206
182
166
163
159
151
Carbon intensity
3.22
3.33
3.05
2.82
3.06
2.90
Carbon intensity
2.95
2.77
2.66
2.54
2.58
2.58
Import dependency, %
45.8
34.5
-34.8
-50.8
-36.7
-25.4
Import dependency, %
46.2
57.3
59.7
61.6
61.3
58.9
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 481
3 878
3 657
3 630
3 848
3 757
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 513
4 169
4 166
4 209
4 235
4 128
CO per capita (kg/cap)
11 209
12 907
11 155
10 231
11 787
10 895
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
13 293
11 557
11 072
10 707
10 923
10 653
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
58
59
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 7
2 . 6 . 8
Bulgaria
Estonia
Ireland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
5.60
3.51
3.30
4.01
3.88
4.46
Production
3.35
4.01
2.18
1.62
1.60
1.41
Solid fuels
5.05
2.87
2.67
3.18
3.10
3.65
Solid fuels
1.31
1.61
0.99
0.79
0.77
0.59
Oil
0.10
0.16
0.12
0.14
0.14
0.07
Oil
Gas
Gas
1.87
2.25
0.96
0.46
0.41
0.37
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.45
0.49
0.51
0.69
0.65
0.74
Renewables
0.17
0.15
0.24
0.37
0.42
0.45
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
Net Imports
4.60
2.00
1.78
1.67
1.86
1.88
Net Imports
7.09
7.64
12.27
13.66
14.22
14.12
Solid fuels
0.70
0.29
0.27
0.03
0.00
0.03
Solid fuels
2.06
1.83
1.79
1.97
1.72
1.49
Oil
3.28
1.19
0.93
1.08
1.25
1.39
Oil
5.03
5.72
7.99
8.50
8.75
8.57
Gas
1.22
0.58
0.66
0.80
0.81
0.80
Gas
0.08
2.48
3.01
3.60
3.92
Electricity
-0.60
-0.07
-0.08
-0.14
-0.06
-0.21
Electricity
0.00
0.01
0.18
0.15
0.11
Renewables
0.00
-0.11
-0.12
-0.14
Renewables
0.00
0.00
0.02
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
10.15
5.51
5.00
5.56
5.42
6.07
Gross Inland Consumption
10.25
10.87
14.36
15.13
15.52
15.88
Solid fuels
5.97
3.31
2.97
3.19
3.04
3.71
Solid fuels
3.42
2.78
2.74
2.69
2.44
2.29
Oil
3.10
1.20
0.93
1.12
1.10
1.16
Oil
4.79
5.60
7.94
8.43
8.50
8.73
Gas
1.22
0.58
0.66
0.80
0.81
0.80
Gas
1.87
2.33
3.44
3.47
4.01
4.28
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.46
0.48
0.51
0.59
0.53
0.60
Renewables
0.17
0.15
0.24
0.37
0.42
0.47
Other (****)
-0.60
-0.07
-0.08
-0.14
-0.06
-0.21
Other (****)
0.00
0.01
0.18
0.15
0.11
Elec. Generation (TWh)
17.18
8.69
8.51
10.21
9.73
12.19
Elec. Generation (TWh)
14.52
17.88
24.00
25.36
27.48
28.23
Coal (TWh)
14.92
8.38
7.68
9.30
8.79
11.42
Coal (TWh)
8.16
9.04
8.59
8.84
8.02
7.67
Oil (TWh)
1.44
0.10
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.03
Oil (TWh)
1.43
2.70
4.66
3.34
2.71
1.98
Gas (TWh)
0.82
0.20
0.76
0.76
0.78
0.59
Gas (TWh)
3.94
5.16
9.26
10.96
13.91
15.46
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.01
0.02
0.10
0.13
0.15
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.70
0.73
1.19
1.87
2.47
2.76
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
Other (TWh) (***)
0.29
0.26
0.30
0.34
0.37
0.35
Final Energy Consumption
6.15
2.50
2.36
2.80
2.79
3.03
Final Energy Consumption
7.37
7.91
10.68
12.46
13.07
13.21
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.70
0.19
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.17
Solid fuels
1.78
0.93
0.70
0.70
0.66
0.64
Oil
1.94
0.86
0.75
0.97
0.96
1.04
Oil
3.89
4.81
6.92
8.02
8.43
8.56
Gas
0.44
0.20
0.13
0.21
0.22
0.23
Gas
0.57
0.80
1.20
1.46
1.56
1.58
Electricity
0.59
0.39
0.43
0.52
0.56
0.58
Electricity
1.02
1.28
1.74
2.09
2.23
2.22
Renewables
0.40
0.27
0.42
0.45
0.40
0.49
Renewables
0.11
0.09
0.12
0.18
0.19
0.21
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.09
0.59
0.51
0.55
0.54
0.52
Derived heat & Industrial waste
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
2.73
0.79
0.53
0.66
0.63
0.72
INDUSTRY
1.75
1.85
2.35
2.59
2.79
2.57
TRANSPORT
0.84
0.49
0.58
0.77
0.80
0.86
TRANSPORT
1.99
2.35
4.02
5.00
5.37
5.74
HOUSEHOLDS
1.28
0.97
0.93
0.89
0.88
0.96
HOUSEHOLDS
2.41
2.20
2.49
2.90
3.06
2.91
AGRICULTURE
0.71
0.08
0.06
0.10
0.09
0.09
AGRICULTURE
0.25
0.34
0.31
0.32
0.25
0.30
SERVICES, ETC.
0.59
0.17
0.27
0.38
0.39
0.40
SERVICES, ETC.
0.98
1.17
1.51
1.65
1.60
1.69
Non-Energy Uses
0.17
0.23
0.22
0.24
0.23
0.21
Non-Energy Uses
0.62
0.55
0.55
0.31
0.36
0.13
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
38
18
16
17
17
20
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
34
37
47
50
50
51
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
1 209
819
624
551
581
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
196
165
137
110
107
103
Carbon intensity
3.74
3.36
3.19
3.12
3.16
3.30
Carbon intensity
3.27
3.38
3.27
3.33
3.25
3.20
Import dependency, %
44.5
35.7
34.9
29.4
33.1
29.7
Import dependency, %
69.1
69.5
84.5
89.7
90.9
88.3
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
6 395
3 802
3 643
4 125
4 031
4 522
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 922
3 017
3 779
3 646
3 649
3 645
CO per capita (kg/cap)
23 918
12 770
11 621
12 889
12 720
14 912
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
9 561
10 212
12 372
12 155
11 871
11 672
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
60
61
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 9
2 . 6 . 1 0
Bulgaria
Greece
Spain
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
9.16
9.74
10.01
10.32
10.06
12.18
Production
33.73
31.37
31.33
30.13
31.15
30.18
Solid fuels
7.08
7.91
8.22
8.54
8.14
10.39
Solid fuels
11.68
10.17
7.74
6.26
6.05
5.45
Oil
0.84
0.46
0.28
0.10
0.09
0.08
Oil
0.80
0.79
0.23
0.17
0.14
0.14
Gas
0.14
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.02
Gas
1.27
0.38
0.15
0.14
0.06
0.08
Nuclear
Nuclear
13.70
14.30
16.05
14.84
15.51
14.21
Renewables
1.10
1.29
1.40
1.63
1.79
1.68
Renewables
6.26
5.60
7.02
8.71
9.38
10.29
Industrial waste
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.01
Industrial waste
0.02
0.12
0.16
Net Imports
15.47
18.27
22.07
23.45
24.85
24.70
Net Imports
60.17
76.16
99.33
123.97
124.03
123.34
Solid fuels
0.99
0.92
0.77
0.37
0.22
0.36
Solid fuels
7.04
9.15
12.64
14.42
13.51
13.43
Oil
14.42
17.27
19.61
20.42
21.54
20.63
Oil
49.48
59.11
70.85
79.42
79.16
78.89
Gas
1.69
2.33
2.72
3.33
Gas
3.69
7.52
15.47
30.25
31.65
31.50
Electricity
0.06
0.07
0.00
0.33
0.36
0.37
Electricity
-0.04
0.39
0.38
-0.12
-0.28
-0.49
Renewables
0.00
0.00
Renewables
0.00
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
22.34
24.23
28.22
31.35
31.51
33.49
Gross Inland Consumption
89.72
102.95
123.65
144.59
144.04
146.81
Solid fuels
8.09
8.78
9.04
8.95
8.39
10.84
Solid fuels
18.94
19.52
20.64
20.70
17.88
20.15
Oil
12.94
14.01
16.01
18.06
18.21
17.24
Oil
45.86
55.30
64.19
70.61
70.32
70.79
Gas
0.14
0.04
1.70
2.35
2.75
3.35
Gas
4.97
7.72
15.22
29.84
31.23
31.85
Nuclear
Nuclear
13.70
14.30
16.05
14.84
15.51
14.21
Renewables
1.10
1.29
1.40
1.63
1.80
1.68
Renewables
6.26
5.60
7.02
8.71
9.38
10.29
Other (****)
0.06
0.11
0.06
0.35
0.37
0.38
Other (****)
-0.02
0.51
0.54
-0.12
-0.28
-0.49
Elec. Generation (TWh)
35.00
41.55
53.84
60.02
60.79
63.50
Elec. Generation (TWh)
151.84
167.33
225.15
294.04
299.46
303.29
Coal (TWh)
25.17
28.70
34.31
35.54
32.26
34.68
Coal (TWh)
59.73
65.91
79.10
79.70
66.74
73.10
Oil (TWh)
7.74
8.86
8.89
9.21
9.60
9.64
Oil (TWh)
8.60
14.62
22.64
24.42
23.83
18.51
Gas (TWh)
0.09
0.08
5.92
8.17
10.61
13.77
Gas (TWh)
2.44
4.92
22.46
80.08
91.81
93.80
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
54.27
55.46
62.21
57.54
60.13
55.10
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.77
3.56
4.14
6.41
7.86
4.59
Renewables (TWh) (*)
26.03
24.59
36.04
43.93
52.36
59.42
Other (TWh) (***)
0.23
0.36
0.58
0.69
0.45
0.81
Other (TWh) (***)
0.77
1.83
2.72
8.38
4.60
3.37
Final Energy Consumption
14.54
15.84
18.56
20.80
21.45
21.96
Final Energy Consumption
56.80
63.69
79.63
97.46
96.17
98.70
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.05
1.07
0.89
0.45
0.40
0.53
Solid fuels
3.52
2.23
1.67
1.78
1.57
1.82
Oil
10.07
10.84
12.63
14.28
14.69
14.67
Oil
33.61
39.13
46.01
53.07
53.06
54.13
Gas
0.01
0.01
0.26
0.58
0.69
0.70
Gas
4.90
6.84
12.14
17.98
15.47
16.15
Electricity
2.45
2.93
3.71
4.38
4.52
4.75
Electricity
10.82
12.12
16.20
20.82
22.06
22.36
Renewables
0.95
0.98
1.05
1.07
1.10
1.27
Renewables
3.93
3.26
3.45
3.81
4.00
4.25
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.04
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.01
0.12
0.16
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
3.95
4.11
4.45
4.14
4.21
4.59
INDUSTRY
20.07
20.51
25.53
31.10
25.89
26.70
TRANSPORT
5.82
6.45
7.21
8.08
8.50
8.81
TRANSPORT
22.40
26.16
32.98
39.61
40.76
42.10
HOUSEHOLDS
3.06
3.33
4.49
5.49
5.49
5.33
HOUSEHOLDS
9.28
10.00
11.89
15.17
15.80
15.94
AGRICULTURE
1.03
1.01
1.11
1.14
1.18
1.10
AGRICULTURE
1.66
2.19
2.54
3.10
2.82
2.98
SERVICES, ETC.
0.69
0.94
1.31
1.94
2.07
2.13
SERVICES, ETC.
3.39
4.83
6.70
8.48
10.89
10.99
Non-Energy Uses
0.67
0.46
0.72
0.76
0.91
0.84
Non-Energy Uses
6.03
8.36
9.47
8.35
7.75
7.90
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
94
101
117
123
122
127
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
243
272
335
403
395
404
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
204
208
205
185
178
182
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
188
200
196
195
187
184
Carbon intensity
4.19
4.15
4.16
3.91
3.88
3.78
Carbon intensity
2.71
2.64
2.71
2.78
2.74
2.75
Import dependency, %
62.2
65.8
69.4
68.6
71.9
67.3
Import dependency, %
64.3
71.8
76.7
81.3
81.5
79.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 199
2 278
2 585
2 824
2 826
2 992
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 300
2 614
3 071
3 332
3 268
3 272
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 218
9 461
10 744
11 033
10 969
11 302
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
6 241
6 894
8 323
9 278
8 954
8 995
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
62
63
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 1
2 . 6 . 1 2
Bulgaria
France
Italy
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
110.79
127.32
131.60
136.74
136.62
134.42
Production
25.56
29.43
27.13
28.11
28.00
26.90
Solid fuels
7.63
5.36
2.27
0.38
0.28
0.24
Solid fuels
0.22
0.04
0.00
0.06
0.01
0.10
Oil
3.30
3.22
2.57
1.48
1.19
1.20
Oil
4.77
5.40
4.81
6.52
6.67
6.83
Gas
2.52
2.79
1.50
0.91
1.06
0.92
Gas
14.03
16.35
13.62
9.89
8.99
7.95
Nuclear
81.02
97.31
107.09
116.47
116.13
113.43
Nuclear
Renewables
16.34
18.64
18.16
17.49
17.97
18.64
Renewables
6.39
7.54
8.55
11.53
12.20
11.90
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
0.15
0.10
0.14
0.12
0.13
0.13
Net Imports
120.60
116.80
134.20
144.35
141.75
137.55
Net Imports
132.45
135.06
153.43
160.95
164.57
159.50
Solid fuels
13.00
9.01
13.20
13.50
13.88
12.39
Solid fuels
13.79
12.99
13.19
16.37
16.61
16.65
Oil
87.13
86.31
91.19
95.36
93.81
92.60
Oil
90.28
90.09
88.93
79.90
80.11
77.58
Gas
24.37
27.49
35.78
40.72
39.47
37.13
Gas
25.31
28.53
47.01
59.84
63.09
60.51
Electricity
-3.91
-6.01
-5.97
-5.19
-5.45
-4.89
Electricity
2.98
3.22
3.81
4.23
3.87
3.98
Renewables
0.00
-0.06
0.04
0.31
Renewables
0.09
0.23
0.49
0.62
0.90
0.79
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
227.54
241.13
259.51
277.09
273.80
270.27
Gross Inland Consumption
153.51
161.67
172.95
187.31
186.11
183.45
Solid fuels
19.96
15.29
15.24
14.30
13.24
13.39
Solid fuels
14.62
12.27
12.66
16.48
16.66
16.79
Oil
88.10
86.32
89.22
92.99
92.25
90.90
Oil
90.27
93.66
89.36
83.69
83.17
80.34
Gas
26.03
29.58
35.77
41.08
39.62
38.48
Gas
39.00
44.65
57.94
70.65
69.19
69.53
Nuclear
81.02
97.31
107.09
116.47
116.13
113.43
Nuclear
Renewables
16.34
18.64
18.16
17.44
18.00
18.96
Renewables
6.48
7.77
9.03
12.15
13.10
12.69
Other (****)
-3.91
-6.01
-5.97
-5.19
-5.45
-4.89
Other (****)
3.13
3.32
3.96
4.34
3.99
4.11
Elec. Generation (TWh)
420.74
493.90
540.73
576.17
574.56
569.84
Elec. Generation (TWh)
216.89
241.47
276.61
303.70
314.12
313.89
Coal (TWh)
31.47
24.18
27.00
27.52
22.89
24.45
Coal (TWh)
32.04
24.12
26.27
43.61
44.21
44.11
Oil (TWh)
8.67
7.75
7.17
7.93
7.13
6.16
Oil (TWh)
102.71
120.80
85.88
47.12
45.88
35.41
Gas (TWh)
6.98
6.15
15.37
26.26
25.28
25.74
Gas (TWh)
42.18
50.44
105.61
155.07
164.31
178.27
Nuclear (TWh)
314.08
377.23
415.16
451.53
450.19
439.73
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
55.54
75.63
71.35
58.23
63.79
68.29
Renewables (TWh) (*)
35.02
41.63
51.21
49.75
52.09
49.23
Other (TWh) (***)
4.00
2.96
4.68
4.71
5.28
5.48
Other (TWh) (***)
4.94
4.47
7.64
8.15
7.64
6.87
Final Energy Consumption
136.45
142.31
152.47
159.18
157.71
154.04
Final Energy Consumption
107.38
113.90
123.46
132.60
130.65
132.06
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
9.02
6.90
5.77
5.15
5.28
5.05
Solid fuels
4.21
4.01
3.68
4.22
4.16
3.66
Oil
67.70
68.41
72.24
73.35
72.27
69.97
Oil
53.84
53.29
56.36
58.46
57.49
57.12
Gas
23.40
27.10
30.88
33.74
32.70
31.10
Gas
29.81
34.65
37.98
41.98
39.96
39.42
Electricity
25.96
29.46
33.10
36.34
36.69
36.62
Electricity
18.41
20.44
23.43
25.83
26.51
26.56
Renewables
10.38
10.44
10.48
10.59
10.77
11.30
Renewables
0.97
1.42
1.94
2.05
2.47
2.17
Derived heat & Industrial waste
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.14
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
3.13
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
36.44
37.12
36.89
35.84
34.70
33.71
INDUSTRY
36.26
36.46
39.53
39.07
38.01
41.48
TRANSPORT
42.04
44.29
51.59
49.94
50.92
51.49
TRANSPORT
33.51
37.74
41.39
43.78
44.19
44.56
HOUSEHOLDS
36.49
36.88
42.41
45.16
44.64
41.48
HOUSEHOLDS
26.33
26.71
28.36
31.88
29.92
27.91
AGRICULTURE
3.27
3.05
3.08
3.29
3.19
2.96
AGRICULTURE
3.10
3.24
3.22
3.38
3.39
3.26
SERVICES, ETC.
18.21
20.97
18.51
24.94
24.27
24.40
SERVICES, ETC.
8.17
9.75
10.97
14.48
15.14
14.85
Non-Energy Uses
13.45
16.84
15.90
14.29
14.59
15.48
Non-Energy Uses
10.09
13.81
11.04
11.26
10.68
10.19
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
412
411
430
441
433
424
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
443
455
475
506
503
493
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
192
192
180
177
171
165
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
151
149
145
150
147
142
Carbon intensity
1.81
1.70
1.66
1.59
1.58
1.57
Carbon intensity
2.89
2.81
2.75
2.70
2.70
2.69
Import dependency, %
52.4
47.9
51.1
51.6
51.2
50.4
Import dependency, %
84.8
82.3
87.3
84.4
86.8
85.3
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 911
4 058
4 272
4 411
4 333
4 251
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 707
2 844
3 037
3 196
3 158
3 090
CO per capita (kg/cap)
7 088
6 915
7 078
7 020
6 845
6 662
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
7 815
8 006
8 340
8 635
8 534
8 311
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
64
65
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 3
2 . 6 . 1 4
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Latvia
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Production
1.12
1.43
1.41
1.87
1.85
1.81
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.06
0.08
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
Oil
Oil
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
Gas
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Renewables
1.06
1.35
1.39
1.85
1.84
1.79
Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.01
Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.01
Net Imports
1.64
2.02
2.55
2.82
2.97
2.87
Net Imports
7.47
3.37
2.25
2.99
3.17
3.04
Solid fuels
0.07
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
Solid fuels
0.63
0.17
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.09
Oil
1.57
2.01
2.51
2.77
2.93
2.85
Oil
3.97
2.09
1.12
1.68
1.71
1.76
Gas
Gas
2.56
1.00
1.11
1.43
1.53
1.32
Electricity
Electricity
0.31
0.19
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.26
Renewables
0.00
0.00
0.00
Renewables
-0.09
-0.20
-0.38
-0.39
-0.39
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
1.52
1.98
2.39
2.47
2.61
2.73
Gross Inland Consumption
7.93
4.63
3.75
4.49
4.63
4.76
Solid fuels
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
Solid fuels
0.71
0.27
0.14
0.08
0.09
0.11
Oil
1.45
1.92
2.31
2.38
2.52
2.62
Oil
3.49
1.89
1.17
1.38
1.48
1.62
Gas
Gas
2.38
1.01
1.09
1.36
1.41
1.36
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Renewables
1.05
1.26
1.19
1.48
1.43
1.41
Other (****)
0.00
0.00
0.01
Other (****)
0.31
0.19
0.15
0.19
0.22
0.26
Elec. Generation (TWh)
1.97
2.47
3.37
4.38
4.65
4.87
Elec. Generation (TWh)
6.65
3.98
4.14
4.91
4.89
4.77
Coal (TWh)
Coal (TWh)
0.06
0.10
0.08
0.00
Oil (TWh)
1.97
2.47
3.37
4.38
4.65
4.87
Oil (TWh)
0.36
0.42
0.11
0.01
0.01
0.02
Gas (TWh)
Gas (TWh)
1.73
0.53
1.13
1.49
2.10
1.92
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.00
0.00
0.00
Renewables (TWh) (*)
4.50
2.94
2.82
3.41
2.79
2.83
Other (TWh) (***)
Other (TWh) (***)
Final Energy Consumption
1.10
1.41
1.64
1.81
1.84
1.90
Final Energy Consumption
6.39
3.81
3.24
4.03
4.20
4.36
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.08
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
Solid fuels
0.32
0.12
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Oil
0.87
1.17
1.30
1.38
1.39
1.42
Oil
2.06
1.16
1.06
1.33
1.47
1.61
Gas
Gas
0.67
0.37
0.33
0.51
0.51
0.52
Electricity
0.15
0.19
0.26
0.34
0.36
0.38
Electricity
0.71
0.38
0.38
0.49
0.53
0.57
Renewables
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Renewables
0.62
0.88
0.82
1.02
1.02
1.01
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.01
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.01
0.91
0.59
0.60
0.59
0.57
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
0.28
0.39
0.44
0.32
0.33
0.34
INDUSTRY
1.98
0.69
0.57
0.71
0.74
0.72
TRANSPORT
0.63
0.75
0.85
0.97
0.93
0.95
TRANSPORT
1.10
0.71
0.75
1.07
1.18
1.33
HOUSEHOLDS
0.11
0.18
0.22
0.32
0.35
0.30
HOUSEHOLDS
1.59
1.60
1.33
1.51
1.49
1.47
AGRICULTURE
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
AGRICULTURE
0.61
0.17
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.16
SERVICES, ETC.
0.08
0.09
0.12
0.17
0.20
0.26
SERVICES, ETC.
1.11
0.64
0.47
0.59
0.63
0.68
Non-Energy Uses
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
Non-Energy Uses
0.08
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
5
6
9
10
10
10
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
21
10
7
9
9
9
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
236
236
237
209
212
212
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
646
708
441
357
327
307
Carbon intensity
3.37
3.24
3.85
3.85
3.72
3.60
Carbon intensity
2.64
2.09
1.91
1.96
1.97
1.98
Import dependency, %
103.9
99.1
98.8
100.7
102.5
95.9
Import dependency, %
88.9
70.5
59.8
63.1
65.8
61.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 620
3 036
3 443
3 257
3 377
3 477
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 978
1 862
1 580
1 952
2 022
2 093
CO per capita (kg/cap)
8 833
9 841
13 244
12 555
12 566
12 499
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
7 864
3 893
3 020
3 827
3 983
4 138
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
66
67
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 5
2 . 6 . 1 6
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
4.74
3.70
3.19
3.70
3.26
3.53
Production
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
Solid fuels
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
Solid fuels
Oil
0.01
0.13
0.35
0.24
0.20
0.16
Oil
Gas
Gas
Nuclear
4.39
3.05
2.17
2.67
2.23
2.54
Nuclear
Renewables
0.32
0.50
0.66
0.78
0.81
0.81
Renewables
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
Net Imports
11.69
5.65
4.34
5.12
5.48
5.78
Net Imports
3.53
3.26
3.63
4.62
4.66
4.54
Solid fuels
0.76
0.16
0.09
0.19
0.26
0.23
Solid fuels
1.13
0.51
0.13
0.08
0.11
0.08
Oil
7.28
3.69
2.31
2.70
2.79
2.69
Oil
1.63
1.76
2.34
3.08
3.01
2.88
Gas
4.68
2.03
2.06
2.49
2.48
2.98
Gas
0.43
0.56
0.67
1.18
1.23
1.20
Electricity
-1.03
-0.23
-0.11
-0.26
-0.04
-0.12
Electricity
0.34
0.43
0.49
0.28
0.31
0.34
Renewables
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
Renewables
0.03
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
16.06
8.67
7.07
8.62
8.43
9.15
Gross Inland Consumption
3.56
3.34
3.64
4.71
4.71
4.65
Solid fuels
0.80
0.25
0.10
0.20
0.27
0.27
Solid fuels
1.13
0.51
0.13
0.08
0.11
0.08
Oil
6.90
3.09
2.20
2.77
2.72
2.76
Oil
1.61
1.79
2.29
3.10
2.98
2.92
Gas
4.68
2.03
2.06
2.48
2.45
2.89
Gas
0.43
0.56
0.67
1.18
1.23
1.20
Nuclear
4.39
3.05
2.17
2.67
2.23
2.54
Nuclear
Renewables
0.32
0.49
0.65
0.76
0.79
0.81
Renewables
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.12
Other (****)
-1.03
-0.23
-0.11
-0.26
-0.04
-0.12
Other (****)
0.34
0.43
0.49
0.28
0.31
0.34
Elec. Generation (TWh)
28.41
13.90
11.42
14.78
12.48
14.01
Elec. Generation (TWh)
1.38
1.24
1.18
4.13
4.33
4.00
Coal (TWh)
0.00
0.01
Coal (TWh)
Oil (TWh)
4.15
1.07
0.66
0.40
0.33
0.41
Oil (TWh)
0.03
0.01
Gas (TWh)
6.77
0.23
1.62
3.02
2.46
2.41
Gas (TWh)
0.49
0.34
0.23
3.11
3.25
2.90
Nuclear (TWh)
17.03
11.82
8.42
10.34
8.65
9.83
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.41
0.37
0.34
0.46
0.44
0.58
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.11
0.14
0.20
0.24
0.27
0.30
Other (TWh) (***)
0.04
0.41
0.40
0.57
0.60
0.77
Other (TWh) (***)
0.75
0.75
0.74
0.78
0.81
0.81
Final Energy Consumption
9.68
4.59
3.74
4.46
4.73
4.96
Final Energy Consumption
3.33
3.17
3.56
4.45
4.40
4.38
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.75
0.23
0.09
0.19
0.26
0.25
Solid fuels
0.76
0.37
0.12
0.08
0.11
0.08
Oil
4.06
1.67
1.35
1.61
1.68
1.90
Oil
1.59
1.76
2.28
3.08
2.96
2.90
Gas
1.48
0.51
0.36
0.50
0.54
0.56
Gas
0.62
0.58
0.62
0.68
0.68
0.71
Electricity
1.03
0.55
0.53
0.68
0.72
0.76
Electricity
0.35
0.43
0.49
0.53
0.56
0.58
Renewables
0.27
0.45
0.58
0.57
0.58
0.58
Renewables
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.08
1.19
0.83
0.91
0.94
0.92
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.06
0.05
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
3.33
1.02
0.78
0.99
1.05
1.06
INDUSTRY
1.73
1.20
0.96
0.94
1.02
0.96
TRANSPORT
2.00
1.04
1.05
1.41
1.51
1.79
TRANSPORT
1.01
1.31
1.88
2.72
2.63
2.62
HOUSEHOLDS
1.84
1.64
1.34
1.38
1.43
1.35
HOUSEHOLDS
0.52
0.56
0.60
0.65
0.61
0.66
AGRICULTURE
0.80
0.20
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.12
AGRICULTURE
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
SERVICES, ETC.
1.71
0.69
0.47
0.57
0.62
0.64
SERVICES, ETC.
0.06
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
Non-Energy Uses
0.86
0.54
0.66
0.80
0.81
1.31
Non-Energy Uses
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
37
16
12
15
15
16
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
13
10
10
14
13
13
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
947
882
571
478
434
432
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
265
205
165
180
169
159
Carbon intensity
2.29
1.81
1.76
1.73
1.80
1.80
Carbon intensity
3.52
2.98
2.72
2.90
2.86
2.83
Import dependency, %
72.4
64.1
60.6
58.5
64.0
62.3
Import dependency, %
99.0
97.7
99.8
98.0
98.9
97.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 343
2 390
2 020
2 523
2 484
2 711
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
9 325
8 156
8 294
10 133
9 971
9 697
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 960
4 328
3 549
4 375
4 464
4 872
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
32 831
24 317
22 525
29 342
28 530
27 443
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
68
69
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 7
2 . 6 . 1 8
Bulgaria
Hungary
Malta
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
14.16
13.47
11.21
10.68
10.52
10.22
Production
Solid fuels
3.95
3.10
2.89
1.75
1.76
1.77
Solid fuels
Oil
2.33
2.34
1.67
1.78
1.53
1.23
Oil
Gas
3.81
3.79
2.48
2.33
2.38
2.00
Gas
Nuclear
3.54
3.62
3.66
3.57
3.47
3.79
Nuclear
Renewables
0.52
0.63
0.52
1.22
1.35
1.40
Renewables
Industrial waste
0.03
0.03
0.02
Industrial waste
Net Imports
14.46
12.65
14.03
17.51
17.35
16.59
Net Imports
0.61
0.89
1.47
1.60
1.65
1.79
Solid fuels
1.68
1.40
1.09
1.30
1.22
1.38
Solid fuels
Oil
6.65
5.52
5.37
5.87
6.11
6.29
Oil
0.61
0.89
1.47
1.60
1.65
1.79
Gas
5.17
5.53
7.28
9.81
9.42
8.56
Gas
Electricity
0.96
0.21
0.30
0.54
0.62
0.34
Electricity
Renewables
-0.01
0.02
Renewables
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
28.67
25.90
25.02
28.04
27.78
27.02
Gross Inland Consumption
0.58
0.81
0.81
0.94
0.90
0.95
Solid fuels
5.96
4.55
3.97
3.05
3.04
3.14
Solid fuels
Oil
8.77
7.72
6.92
7.54
7.82
7.61
Oil
0.58
0.81
0.81
0.94
0.90
0.95
Gas
8.91
9.17
9.66
12.09
11.46
10.70
Gas
Nuclear
3.54
3.62
3.66
3.57
3.47
3.79
Nuclear
Renewables
0.52
0.63
0.52
1.22
1.34
1.42
Renewables
Other (****)
0.96
0.21
0.30
0.57
0.65
0.36
Other (****)
Elec. Generation (TWh)
28.47
34.11
35.19
35.76
35.86
39.96
Elec. Generation (TWh)
1.10
1.63
1.92
2.24
2.30
2.30
Coal (TWh)
8.55
9.08
9.59
7.02
7.00
7.37
Coal (TWh)
0.62
0.09
Oil (TWh)
1.35
5.28
4.40
0.46
0.52
0.54
Oil (TWh)
0.49
1.54
1.92
2.24
2.30
2.30
Gas (TWh)
4.63
5.46
6.73
12.50
13.25
15.35
Gas (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
13.73
14.03
14.18
13.83
13.46
14.68
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.21
0.26
0.29
1.93
1.59
2.02
Renewables (TWh) (*)
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
0.04
0.01
Other (TWh) (***)
Final Energy Consumption
19.17
15.70
15.74
18.11
18.02
16.95
Final Energy Consumption
0.33
0.45
0.41
0.46
0.43
0.43
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
2.49
0.95
0.65
0.68
0.70
0.59
Solid fuels
Oil
6.03
4.16
4.19
4.81
5.10
5.15
Oil
0.25
0.34
0.28
0.32
0.28
0.27
Gas
5.94
6.37
6.50
7.85
7.25
6.25
Gas
Electricity
2.72
2.39
2.53
2.78
2.86
2.90
Electricity
0.08
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.16
Renewables
0.43
0.55
0.43
0.66
0.85
0.84
Renewables
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.57
1.29
1.44
1.33
1.26
1.21
Derived heat & Industrial waste
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
6.51
3.80
3.45
3.42
3.46
3.38
INDUSTRY
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
TRANSPORT
3.03
2.66
3.26
4.20
4.68
4.67
TRANSPORT
0.22
0.30
0.24
0.27
0.25
0.24
HOUSEHOLDS
6.38
5.83
5.28
6.42
6.25
5.55
HOUSEHOLDS
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.08
AGRICULTURE
1.13
0.65
0.70
0.58
0.42
0.49
AGRICULTURE
SERVICES, ETC.
2.12
2.76
3.06
3.50
3.21
2.85
SERVICES, ETC.
0.06
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
Non-Energy Uses
1.58
1.63
1.60
2.33
2.39
2.27
Non-Energy Uses
0.01
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
73
62
59
62
60
58
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
2
2
2
8
5
5
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
606
481
438
416
401
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
239
191
211
195
198
Carbon intensity
2.54
2.40
2.36
2.20
2.17
2.16
Carbon intensity
3.18
2.84
2.88
8.62
5.65
5.73
Import dependency, %
50.4
48.9
56.1
62.5
62.4
61.4
Import dependency, %
100.0
104.5
100.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 764
2 507
2 450
2 780
2 759
2 687
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
1 616
2 135
2 070
2 337
2 212
2 311
CO per capita (kg/cap)
7 032
6 005
5 790
6 123
5 998
5 815
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
5 132
6 054
5 954
20 154
12 498
13 248
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
70
71
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 9
2 . 6 . 2 0
Bulgaria
Netherlands
Austria
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
60.56
66.30
57.43
61.90
60.76
61.69
Production
8.21
8.71
9.82
9.98
10.44
10.93
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.64
0.30
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
Oil
4.11
3.62
2.47
2.35
2.08
3.35
Oil
1.29
1.11
1.12
0.99
1.00
1.02
Gas
54.61
60.46
51.90
56.27
55.39
54.76
Gas
1.10
1.26
1.53
1.40
1.56
1.59
Nuclear
0.88
1.04
1.01
1.03
0.89
1.08
Nuclear
Renewables
0.96
1.15
1.83
2.26
2.39
2.50
Renewables
5.02
5.87
6.70
7.27
7.46
7.84
Industrial waste
0.03
0.21
Industrial waste
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.32
0.42
0.48
Net Imports
18.27
17.14
35.44
38.39
37.23
38.78
Net Imports
17.31
18.04
19.11
24.66
25.03
23.35
Solid fuels
9.57
8.92
8.22
8.31
8.11
8.81
Solid fuels
3.11
2.55
3.02
3.97
3.73
4.05
Oil
31.70
33.61
42.78
48.87
47.88
49.40
Oil
9.74
10.26
11.00
13.30
13.86
12.86
Gas
-23.80
-26.37
-17.19
-20.94
-21.13
-21.46
Gas
4.44
5.40
5.25
7.20
6.54
5.65
Electricity
0.79
0.98
1.63
1.57
1.85
1.51
Electricity
-0.04
-0.21
-0.12
0.23
0.59
0.57
Renewables
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.58
0.52
0.53
Renewables
0.05
0.03
-0.04
-0.04
0.30
0.21
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
67.96
74.53
77.04
82.48
80.55
84.54
Gross Inland Consumption
25.26
27.06
29.12
34.32
34.77
33.81
Solid fuels
9.21
9.10
8.03
8.19
7.92
8.36
Solid fuels
4.04
3.34
3.60
4.01
4.03
3.85
Oil
25.31
28.14
29.61
33.53
32.67
37.17
Oil
10.86
11.48
12.29
14.35
14.52
13.89
Gas
30.81
34.09
34.71
35.32
34.30
33.40
Gas
5.18
6.37
6.52
8.18
7.46
6.98
Nuclear
0.88
1.04
1.01
1.03
0.89
1.08
Nuclear
Renewables
0.96
1.15
1.84
2.83
2.91
3.02
Renewables
5.06
5.90
6.65
7.23
7.75
8.04
Other (****)
0.79
1.01
1.84
1.57
1.85
1.51
Other (****)
0.12
-0.05
0.07
0.55
1.01
1.04
Elec. Generation (TWh)
71.97
81.07
89.62
100.22
98.39
103.24
Elec. Generation (TWh)
50.29
56.59
61.52
65.70
63.54
63.43
Coal (TWh)
25.05
26.08
22.60
23.50
23.74
24.92
Coal (TWh)
6.19
4.32
5.73
7.17
7.03
6.26
Oil (TWh)
3.09
3.87
3.13
2.26
2.10
2.22
Oil (TWh)
1.88
2.12
1.70
1.64
1.64
1.28
Gas (TWh)
39.14
44.83
54.56
61.28
59.43
62.58
Gas (TWh)
8.54
9.77
8.79
14.33
11.99
11.20
Nuclear (TWh)
3.50
4.02
3.93
4.00
3.47
4.20
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.19
1.96
4.23
8.92
9.51
9.15
Renewables (TWh) (*)
32.58
38.22
43.57
39.25
39.83
41.87
Other (TWh) (***)
0.32
1.17
0.26
0.15
0.18
Other (TWh) (***)
1.11
2.16
1.73
3.30
3.04
2.82
Final Energy Consumption
42.88
47.73
50.17
51.64
50.83
51.33
Final Energy Consumption
19.13
21.06
23.18
27.25
27.36
26.54
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.65
1.42
1.30
1.51
1.24
1.47
Solid fuels
1.78
1.58
1.38
1.43
1.26
1.39
Oil
12.85
14.72
16.51
17.41
17.35
18.56
Oil
7.93
8.77
9.54
11.69
11.47
10.87
Gas
21.24
22.52
21.01
20.34
20.22
18.96
Gas
2.97
3.61
4.26
4.79
4.70
4.42
Electricity
6.32
7.14
8.42
8.99
9.12
9.19
Electricity
3.63
3.95
4.42
4.84
4.94
4.94
Renewables
0.37
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.48
0.76
Renewables
2.11
2.18
2.41
2.93
3.17
3.14
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.44
1.57
2.56
2.98
2.42
2.39
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.71
0.97
1.17
1.58
1.82
1.78
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
12.54
12.68
13.75
14.93
13.43
14.57
INDUSTRY
5.99
6.20
6.98
7.91
8.38
8.52
TRANSPORT
10.38
12.44
13.86
15.11
15.61
15.78
TRANSPORT
5.03
5.81
6.88
8.99
8.69
8.83
HOUSEHOLDS
9.94
11.15
10.33
10.10
10.01
9.24
HOUSEHOLDS
5.80
6.25
6.32
7.04
6.77
6.12
AGRICULTURE
3.37
4.37
3.95
4.04
3.94
4.15
AGRICULTURE
0.60
0.55
0.57
0.64
0.62
0.60
SERVICES, ETC.
6.65
7.09
8.28
7.46
7.83
7.60
SERVICES, ETC.
1.71
2.26
2.43
2.67
2.90
2.46
Non-Energy Uses
9.77
9.89
10.31
13.03
11.53
14.27
Non-Energy Uses
1.67
1.46
1.80
1.82
2.00
1.82
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
198
214
222
241
240
235
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
63
65
68
81
80
76
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
222
217
184
185
175
177
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
156
151
140
152
149
141
Carbon intensity
2.92
2.87
2.88
2.92
2.98
2.78
Carbon intensity
2.49
2.41
2.32
2.36
2.29
2.26
Import dependency, %
23.2
20.0
39.2
38.7
38.0
38.6
Import dependency, %
68.5
66.6
65.6
71.9
72.0
69.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 546
4 821
4 839
5 055
4 929
5 162
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 290
3 404
3 635
4 168
4 198
4 066
CO per capita (kg/cap)
13 261
13 822
13 946
14 758
14 669
14 357
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
8 201
8 215
8 444
9 834
9 615
9 182
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
72
73
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 1
2 . 6 . 2 2
Bulgaria
Poland
Portugal
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
99.38
99.40
80.30
79.26
78.56
73.41
Production
3.40
3.32
3.83
3.58
4.33
4.62
Solid fuels
94.46
91.10
71.30
68.88
67.58
62.49
Solid fuels
0.12
Oil
0.18
0.36
1.43
1.49
1.46
1.50
Oil
Gas
2.38
3.17
3.31
3.88
3.88
3.90
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
1.60
3.92
3.81
4.55
5.05
5.02
Renewables
3.28
3.32
3.83
3.58
4.32
4.61
Industrial waste
0.77
0.84
0.45
0.45
0.58
0.50
Industrial waste
0.01
0.01
0.01
Net Imports
2.24
-0.16
10.16
16.60
19.49
25.06
Net Imports
15.12
18.01
21.88
24.41
21.57
21.85
Solid fuels
-18.97
-21.25
-16.35
-12.94
-12.35
-8.59
Solid fuels
2.79
3.80
3.91
3.22
3.49
2.90
Oil
14.52
15.53
20.46
22.03
23.95
25.87
Oil
12.33
14.14
15.85
16.71
13.95
14.54
Gas
6.77
5.81
6.61
8.53
8.90
8.25
Gas
2.04
3.89
3.66
3.76
Electricity
-0.09
-0.24
-0.55
-0.96
-0.94
-0.46
Electricity
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.59
0.47
0.64
Renewables
-0.06
-0.07
0.00
Renewables
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
100.02
100.01
90.81
93.56
98.11
97.98
Gross Inland Consumption
17.51
20.47
25.08
27.04
25.33
25.98
Solid fuels
75.35
70.45
56.32
54.73
56.99
55.51
Solid fuels
2.58
3.49
3.80
3.35
3.31
2.89
Oil
13.45
16.05
20.83
22.60
24.13
25.06
Oil
11.64
13.58
15.34
15.77
13.59
14.05
Gas
8.94
8.99
9.96
12.23
12.37
12.38
Gas
2.03
3.75
3.64
3.81
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
1.60
3.92
3.80
4.50
4.99
4.99
Renewables
3.28
3.32
3.83
3.58
4.32
4.58
Other (****)
0.68
0.60
-0.10
-0.51
-0.36
0.04
Other (****)
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.59
0.47
0.65
Elec. Generation (TWh)
136.31
138.99
145.18
156.94
161.74
159.35
Elec. Generation (TWh)
28.50
33.27
43.77
46.58
49.04
47.25
Coal (TWh)
130.34
131.69
135.89
143.68
148.61
145.57
Coal (TWh)
9.06
13.41
14.60
15.23
14.96
12.40
Oil (TWh)
1.57
1.52
1.92
2.39
2.44
2.30
Oil (TWh)
9.40
10.31
8.42
8.79
5.25
4.87
Gas (TWh)
0.84
1.59
2.71
5.05
5.02
5.12
Gas (TWh)
0.05
0.05
7.23
13.61
12.34
13.12
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.87
2.24
2.33
4.17
4.31
5.43
Renewables (TWh) (*)
9.85
9.39
13.13
8.56
16.02
16.50
Other (TWh) (***)
1.70
1.96
2.34
1.65
1.36
0.92
Other (TWh) (***)
0.15
0.11
0.39
0.40
0.48
0.36
Final Energy Consumption
59.75
63.62
55.39
57.92
60.86
61.24
Final Energy Consumption
11.81
13.79
17.69
18.72
18.54
18.81
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
17.17
23.39
13.80
11.44
12.45
11.93
Solid fuels
0.62
0.55
0.47
0.02
0.03
0.17
Oil
9.14
11.62
14.91
17.84
18.41
19.31
Oil
6.70
8.22
10.51
10.56
10.12
9.92
Gas
7.99
7.73
7.45
8.40
8.61
8.77
Gas
0.10
0.10
0.85
1.31
1.34
1.44
Electricity
8.26
7.70
8.45
9.03
9.51
9.81
Electricity
2.02
2.48
3.30
3.98
4.11
4.22
Renewables
1.11
3.73
3.53
3.84
4.24
4.08
Renewables
2.34
2.42
2.43
2.53
2.63
2.73
Derived heat & Industrial waste
16.08
9.44
7.25
7.37
7.63
7.33
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.03
0.04
0.13
0.33
0.33
0.34
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
25.34
22.79
18.96
16.53
17.37
17.96
INDUSTRY
4.73
4.97
6.24
5.69
5.69
5.89
TRANSPORT
7.36
8.28
9.20
12.08
13.43
14.80
TRANSPORT
3.74
4.87
6.54
7.06
7.14
7.21
HOUSEHOLDS
18.13
23.30
17.52
18.38
19.33
18.19
HOUSEHOLDS
2.29
2.57
2.80
3.21
3.20
3.22
AGRICULTURE
3.13
4.89
4.68
4.41
3.79
3.49
AGRICULTURE
0.46
0.48
0.71
0.57
0.32
0.26
SERVICES, ETC.
5.80
4.36
5.02
6.51
6.93
6.79
SERVICES, ETC.
0.60
0.90
1.39
2.20
2.19
2.24
Non-Energy Uses
4.21
3.65
4.24
4.39
4.93
4.83
Non-Energy Uses
2.11
1.89
2.36
2.43
1.89
2.17
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
371
368
323
320
332
330
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
46
56
67
73
69
67
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
781
701
489
433
427
400
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
190
204
205
212
196
197
Carbon intensity
3.71
3.68
3.55
3.42
3.38
3.37
Carbon intensity
2.65
2.73
2.69
2.72
2.73
2.58
Import dependency, %
2.2
-0.2
11.2
17.7
19.8
25.5
Import dependency, %
83.5
86.0
85.0
88.4
83.1
82.0
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 646
2 613
2 374
2 452
2 573
2 571
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
1 754
2 041
2 452
2 563
2 394
2 448
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 807
9 611
8 432
8 390
8 701
8 667
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
4 650
5 574
6 588
6 963
6 545
6 318
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
74
75
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 3
2 . 6 . 2 4
Bulgaria
Romania
Slovenia
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
41.40
32.60
28.80
28.17
28.18
27.90
Production
2.90
3.02
3.09
3.49
3.43
3.45
Solid fuels
7.94
7.89
5.88
5.79
6.48
6.86
Solid fuels
1.43
1.22
1.06
1.18
1.21
1.24
Oil
7.95
7.11
6.42
6.17
5.78
5.00
Oil
0.00
0.00
0.00
Gas
22.91
14.45
10.97
9.70
9.56
9.23
Gas
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
Nuclear
1.41
1.43
1.45
1.99
Nuclear
1.19
1.25
1.23
1.52
1.43
1.47
Renewables
2.61
2.80
4.04
4.98
4.83
4.72
Renewables
0.25
0.54
0.79
0.77
0.77
0.73
Industrial waste
0.36
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.11
Industrial waste
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
Net Imports
22.61
14.53
8.13
10.84
11.90
12.82
Net Imports
2.57
3.06
3.38
3.82
3.84
3.88
Solid fuels
4.68
2.86
1.92
2.94
2.72
3.54
Solid fuels
0.13
0.19
0.24
0.32
0.31
0.34
Oil
11.19
6.85
3.56
3.96
4.76
5.52
Oil
1.80
2.24
2.43
2.60
2.63
2.60
Gas
5.93
4.79
2.71
4.19
4.79
3.87
Gas
0.72
0.75
0.82
0.93
0.90
0.91
Electricity
0.81
0.03
-0.06
-0.25
-0.37
-0.18
Electricity
-0.08
-0.14
-0.11
-0.03
0.00
0.02
Renewables
0.07
Renewables
0.03
0.00
0.01
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
63.74
47.10
37.13
39.25
40.73
40.08
Gross Inland Consumption
5.52
6.11
6.43
7.30
7.34
7.35
Solid fuels
12.37
10.78
7.77
8.80
9.52
10.19
Solid fuels
1.64
1.40
1.30
1.54
1.56
1.61
Oil
19.11
13.89
10.19
10.30
10.83
10.25
Oil
1.75
2.29
2.39
2.55
2.66
2.59
Gas
28.84
19.24
13.68
13.94
14.44
12.98
Gas
0.76
0.75
0.83
0.93
0.90
0.91
Nuclear
1.41
1.43
1.45
1.99
Nuclear
1.19
1.25
1.23
1.52
1.43
1.47
Renewables
2.61
2.80
4.04
4.94
4.78
4.75
Renewables
0.25
0.57
0.79
0.77
0.77
0.73
Other (****)
0.81
0.39
0.04
-0.16
-0.29
-0.07
Other (****)
-0.08
-0.14
-0.11
-0.01
0.02
0.03
Elec. Generation (TWh)
64.31
59.27
51.93
59.41
62.70
61.67
Elec. Generation (TWh)
12.44
12.65
13.62
15.12
15.12
15.04
Coal (TWh)
22.54
20.59
18.93
21.92
25.15
25.10
Coal (TWh)
3.82
4.34
4.61
5.27
5.44
5.48
Oil (TWh)
6.40
5.80
3.40
1.89
1.61
1.10
Oil (TWh)
0.57
0.26
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.03
Gas (TWh)
21.38
16.18
9.38
9.83
11.95
11.77
Gas (TWh)
0.49
0.03
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.45
Nuclear (TWh)
5.46
5.56
5.63
7.71
Nuclear (TWh)
4.62
4.78
4.76
5.88
5.55
5.70
Renewables (TWh) (*)
13.88
16.70
14.78
20.21
18.36
16.01
Renewables (TWh) (*)
2.95
3.24
3.90
3.58
3.70
3.38
Other (TWh) (***)
0.10
0.00
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
0.01
0.01
Final Energy Consumption
37.05
26.79
22.52
24.68
24.77
24.02
Final Energy Consumption
3.37
3.95
4.44
4.89
4.94
4.87
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
3.22
1.70
1.05
1.65
1.57
1.48
Solid fuels
0.24
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
Oil
8.03
5.56
5.30
6.59
6.34
6.87
Oil
1.51
2.11
2.24
2.40
2.45
2.41
Gas
20.50
10.25
6.89
7.72
8.25
7.04
Gas
0.60
0.47
0.57
0.66
0.66
0.65
Electricity
4.69
3.13
2.92
3.34
3.52
3.52
Electricity
0.84
0.81
0.90
1.10
1.13
1.13
Renewables
0.61
1.28
2.74
3.18
3.06
3.28
Renewables
0.26
0.43
0.44
0.42
0.42
Derived heat & Industrial waste
4.88
3.63
2.20
2.04
1.83
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.18
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
25.30
15.03
9.12
9.99
9.56
9.13
INDUSTRY
1.47
1.18
1.42
1.66
1.70
1.60
TRANSPORT
4.41
3.06
3.38
4.20
4.34
4.66
TRANSPORT
0.93
1.33
1.31
1.47
1.55
1.75
HOUSEHOLDS
4.28
6.35
8.43
7.96
7.84
7.51
HOUSEHOLDS
0.85
1.18
1.12
1.19
1.16
1.05
AGRICULTURE
2.24
1.00
0.39
0.21
0.26
0.26
AGRICULTURE
0.02
0.07
0.07
0.07
SERVICES, ETC.
0.81
1.36
1.19
2.31
2.76
2.46
SERVICES, ETC.
0.12
0.26
0.56
0.50
0.46
0.40
Non-Energy Uses
0.92
1.34
2.04
2.47
2.33
2.55
Non-Energy Uses
0.01
0.12
0.24
0.31
0.32
0.31
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
173
130
96
106
112
112
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
15
15
15
17
17
17
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
1 320
1 088
913
731
703
652
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
310
353
300
285
270
253
Carbon intensity
2.72
2.76
2.58
2.71
2.74
2.78
Carbon intensity
2.68
2.47
2.38
2.29
2.32
2.35
Import dependency, %
35.5
30.9
21.9
27.6
29.2
32.0
Import dependency, %
46.6
50.1
52.6
52.3
52.1
52.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 747
2 077
1 654
1 814
1 887
1 860
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 763
3 072
3 230
3 648
3 656
3 639
CO per capita (kg/cap)
7 464
5 738
4 268
4 917
5 172
5 176
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
7 418
7 575
7 682
8 364
8 477
8 542
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
76
77
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 5
2 . 6 . 2 6
Slo Bulgaria
vak Republic
Finland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
5.25
4.86
6.07
6.63
6.66
6.02
Production
11.86
13.17
14.99
16.47
18.11
16.08
Solid fuels
1.40
1.02
1.02
0.64
0.56
0.55
Solid fuels
1.58
2.06
1.21
2.13
3.22
1.09
Oil
0.08
0.13
0.16
0.38
0.37
0.40
Oil
0.02
0.04
0.21
0.27
0.32
Gas
0.34
0.26
0.13
0.13
0.18
0.11
Gas
Nuclear
3.10
2.95
4.25
4.57
4.65
3.96
Nuclear
5.01
4.96
5.80
6.00
5.91
6.04
Renewables
0.33
0.50
0.51
0.88
0.89
0.98
Renewables
5.27
6.13
7.74
8.08
8.65
8.59
Industrial waste
0.03
0.02
0.03
Industrial waste
0.21
0.05
0.05
0.05
Net Imports
16.11
12.34
11.58
12.48
12.05
12.47
Net Imports
18.12
15.65
18.59
19.31
20.95
20.47
Solid fuels
6.07
4.13
3.44
3.74
3.60
3.82
Solid fuels
4.38
3.77
3.53
3.34
4.60
4.53
Oil
4.24
3.56
2.67
3.31
3.47
3.52
Oil
10.57
8.31
10.61
10.98
11.57
11.22
Gas
5.35
4.53
5.71
5.75
5.19
4.98
Gas
2.26
2.84
3.42
3.60
3.88
3.72
Electricity
0.45
0.12
-0.23
-0.28
-0.20
0.15
Electricity
0.92
0.72
1.02
1.46
0.98
1.08
Renewables
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
Renewables
-0.08
-0.08
-0.07
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
20.99
17.74
17.54
19.05
18.83
18.07
Gross Inland Consumption
29.05
29.07
32.54
34.67
37.83
37.63
Solid fuels
7.78
5.42
4.26
4.23
4.46
4.01
Solid fuels
5.33
5.95
5.09
4.92
7.45
7.21
Oil
4.24
3.54
2.99
3.75
3.67
3.85
Oil
10.03
8.45
9.27
10.63
10.98
11.01
Gas
5.09
5.22
5.78
5.92
5.38
5.09
Gas
2.26
2.84
3.42
3.60
3.88
3.72
Nuclear
3.10
2.95
4.25
4.57
4.65
3.96
Nuclear
5.01
4.96
5.80
6.00
5.91
6.04
Renewables
0.33
0.50
0.50
0.83
0.86
0.99
Renewables
5.51
6.15
7.74
8.00
8.58
8.52
Other (****)
0.45
0.12
-0.23
-0.25
-0.18
0.18
Other (****)
0.92
0.72
1.23
1.52
1.03
1.13
Elec. Generation (TWh)
24.07
26.31
30.69
31.46
31.37
28.06
Elec. Generation (TWh)
54.36
64.06
69.99
70.55
82.30
81.25
Coal (TWh)
7.51
5.96
5.58
5.54
5.31
4.80
Coal (TWh)
12.75
16.62
12.50
10.97
22.96
21.37
Oil (TWh)
0.81
1.24
0.20
0.74
0.72
0.71
Oil (TWh)
1.68
1.45
0.61
0.50
0.48
0.47
Gas (TWh)
1.20
2.45
3.43
2.63
2.33
2.04
Gas (TWh)
4.83
7.21
10.78
11.94
12.96
11.13
Nuclear (TWh)
12.04
11.44
16.49
17.73
18.01
15.33
Nuclear (TWh)
19.22
19.22
22.48
23.27
22.91
23.42
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.88
4.96
4.73
4.70
4.83
4.96
Renewables (TWh) (*)
15.89
19.57
23.30
23.56
22.51
24.43
Other (TWh) (***)
0.64
0.27
0.25
0.12
0.17
0.22
Other (TWh) (***)
0.32
0.31
0.48
0.42
Final Energy Consumption
14.81
10.47
10.28
10.60
10.67
10.50
Final Energy Consumption
21.76
22.07
24.17
25.24
26.75
26.58
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
4.37
2.36
1.52
1.51
1.64
1.45
Solid fuels
1.62
1.28
1.10
0.97
0.96
0.93
Oil
3.29
1.62
1.71
2.17
2.11
2.20
Oil
8.13
7.59
7.53
8.00
8.24
8.13
Gas
4.32
3.91
4.54
3.65
3.72
3.52
Gas
1.50
1.52
1.33
1.16
1.28
1.25
Electricity
2.01
1.87
1.89
1.96
2.03
2.11
Electricity
5.07
5.61
6.49
6.96
7.38
7.40
Renewables
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.33
0.46
Renewables
3.52
3.94
4.93
4.54
4.43
4.50
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.65
0.72
0.62
0.97
0.84
0.76
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.91
2.13
2.80
3.62
4.47
4.37
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
6.76
4.12
3.83
4.47
4.52
4.39
INDUSTRY
9.62
9.99
12.05
12.09
13.36
12.93
TRANSPORT
1.44
1.41
1.45
1.79
1.82
2.02
TRANSPORT
4.32
4.16
4.46
4.82
4.95
5.15
HOUSEHOLDS
2.24
1.98
2.59
2.53
2.32
2.08
HOUSEHOLDS
5.33
5.43
4.54
4.85
4.94
5.01
AGRICULTURE
0.70
0.30
0.21
0.16
0.14
0.14
AGRICULTURE
0.93
0.75
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.79
SERVICES, ETC.
3.67
2.67
2.21
1.64
1.87
1.87
SERVICES, ETC.
1.56
1.73
2.39
2.72
2.71
2.71
Non-Energy Uses
1.39
0.90
1.28
1.26
1.22
1.29
Non-Energy Uses
1.49
1.20
0.95
1.05
0.88
1.43
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
62
44
40
41
40
38
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
59
60
60
59
71
69
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
951
796
680
620
539
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
268
278
246
232
241
230
Carbon intensity
2.96
2.49
2.30
2.14
2.13
2.12
Carbon intensity
2.05
2.06
1.84
1.71
1.88
1.84
Import dependency, %
76.7
69.5
66.0
65.5
64.0
69.0
Import dependency, %
61.2
53.2
56.0
54.9
54.6
53.8
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 960
3 308
3 249
3 537
3 493
3 349
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
5 826
5 691
6 287
6 609
7 183
7 115
CO per capita (kg/cap)
11 717
8 231
7 474
7 579
7 441
7 095
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
11 927
11 715
11 560
11 305
13 475
13 095
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
78
79
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 7
2 . 6 . 2 8
Bulgaria
Sweden
United Kingdom
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
29.66
31.34
30.01
34.21
32.34
33.10
Production
205.94
250.52
269.60
203.29
184.68
174.39
Solid fuels
0.15
0.22
0.16
0.21
0.19
0.15
Solid fuels
54.13
30.52
18.58
12.17
10.67
10.03
Oil
0.00
0.00
Oil
93.25
133.04
128.89
86.71
78.29
78.48
Gas
Gas
40.93
63.71
97.55
79.40
72.01
64.91
Nuclear
17.76
18.04
14.78
18.67
17.28
17.27
Nuclear
16.57
21.25
21.94
21.05
19.46
16.26
Renewables
11.74
13.07
15.04
15.28
14.81
15.64
Renewables
1.05
1.95
2.60
3.60
3.95
4.37
Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.03
Industrial waste
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.35
0.30
0.35
Net Imports
18.04
19.40
19.29
20.18
19.80
18.98
Net Imports
5.72
-36.23
-39.25
32.15
49.37
45.00
Solid fuels
2.40
2.75
2.41
2.56
2.34
2.49
Solid fuels
9.12
10.49
14.58
27.46
31.28
26.90
Oil
15.21
16.04
15.70
17.42
16.06
15.46
Oil
-10.61
-48.77
-45.73
-2.41
7.50
0.75
Gas
0.58
0.75
0.78
0.84
0.88
0.91
Gas
6.18
0.64
-9.31
5.97
9.55
16.63
Electricity
-0.15
-0.14
0.40
-0.64
0.52
0.11
Electricity
1.03
1.40
1.22
0.72
0.65
0.45
Renewables
Renewables
0.41
0.40
0.28
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
47.21
50.40
47.90
51.69
50.34
50.56
Gross Inland Consumption
211.30
218.44
231.87
232.75
229.14
221.09
Solid fuels
2.68
2.89
2.44
2.63
2.69
2.66
Solid fuels
64.30
45.87
36.82
38.16
41.09
38.71
Oil
14.60
15.79
14.43
14.86
14.10
13.94
Oil
81.12
82.81
81.86
82.97
82.26
78.71
Gas
0.58
0.75
0.78
0.84
0.88
0.91
Gas
47.20
65.12
87.40
85.47
81.06
81.96
Nuclear
17.76
18.04
14.78
18.67
17.28
17.27
Nuclear
16.57
21.25
21.94
21.05
19.46
16.26
Renewables
11.74
13.07
15.04
15.28
14.81
15.64
Renewables
1.05
1.95
2.60
4.02
4.32
4.65
Other (****)
-0.15
-0.14
0.43
-0.59
0.58
0.14
Other (****)
1.04
1.45
1.25
1.07
0.95
0.80
Elec. Generation (TWh)
146.92
148.38
145.59
158.44
143.30
148.85
Elec. Generation (TWh)
318.96
334.04
377.07
398.36
397.85
396.14
Coal (TWh)
1.74
2.45
1.64
0.65
0.88
0.65
Coal (TWh)
204.92
157.24
119.95
134.64
149.35
136.69
Oil (TWh)
1.20
3.95
1.73
1.38
1.67
1.08
Oil (TWh)
33.70
12.48
8.45
5.34
5.73
4.69
Gas (TWh)
0.40
1.34
1.42
1.32
1.24
1.48
Gas (TWh)
5.08
66.57
150.43
154.30
142.99
166.11
Nuclear (TWh)
68.19
69.94
57.32
72.38
66.98
66.97
Nuclear (TWh)
65.75
88.96
85.06
81.62
75.45
63.03
Renewables (TWh) (*)
74.63
70.65
83.25
82.05
71.92
78.17
Renewables (TWh) (*)
5.85
6.90
10.38
17.48
18.77
20.37
Other (TWh) (***)
0.76
0.06
0.24
0.67
0.61
0.50
Other (TWh) (***)
3.66
1.89
2.80
4.99
5.56
5.26
Final Energy Consumption
30.55
33.73
34.45
33.74
33.22
33.45
Final Energy Consumption
137.08
142.63
152.18
152.33
150.44
147.93
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.23
1.19
1.14
1.35
1.20
1.30
Solid fuels
12.27
8.89
5.68
4.42
4.51
4.62
Oil
12.04
12.60
12.73
11.34
10.66
10.55
Oil
58.90
60.40
62.95
65.91
66.27
65.74
Gas
0.59
0.61
0.67
0.76
0.86
0.76
Gas
41.89
47.14
52.18
50.29
47.98
46.02
Electricity
10.35
10.71
11.07
11.38
11.25
11.42
Electricity
23.60
25.27
28.33
29.79
29.64
29.40
Renewables
4.63
5.07
5.29
4.73
5.07
5.33
Renewables
0.41
0.88
0.57
0.65
0.78
1.02
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.71
3.54
3.55
4.17
4.18
4.09
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.02
0.05
2.47
1.27
1.25
1.13
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
11.86
12.63
13.16
12.66
12.76
12.83
INDUSTRY
34.98
35.15
36.42
34.42
33.61
32.74
TRANSPORT
7.28
7.68
8.15
8.61
8.57
8.80
TRANSPORT
45.54
47.03
52.31
55.21
55.95
56.21
HOUSEHOLDS
6.54
7.74
7.55
7.30
7.00
6.73
HOUSEHOLDS
37.94
39.57
43.07
43.52
42.14
40.58
AGRICULTURE
0.87
0.84
0.85
0.80
0.78
0.76
AGRICULTURE
1.27
1.27
1.16
0.94
0.86
0.82
SERVICES, ETC.
4.00
4.86
4.74
4.37
4.10
4.34
SERVICES, ETC.
17.35
19.62
19.21
18.25
17.88
17.58
Non-Energy Uses
1.79
1.79
1.47
2.26
2.39
2.43
Non-Energy Uses
11.37
12.76
11.32
11.24
10.98
8.86
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
60
63
60
62
62
61
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
611
577
586
595
594
585
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
216
223
180
171
160
156
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
169
161
145
129
123
115
Carbon intensity
1.27
1.25
1.25
1.19
1.23
1.21
Carbon intensity
2.89
2.64
2.53
2.56
2.59
2.65
Import dependency, %
37.7
37.7
39.2
37.6
37.8
36.1
Import dependency, %
2.7
-16.4
-16.8
13.7
21.3
20.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
5 516
5 710
5 399
5 724
5 544
5 527
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 692
3 765
3 938
3 865
3 782
3 637
CO per capita (kg/cap)
6 989
7 129
6 770
6 813
6 813
6 694
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
10 677
9 950
9 952
9 880
9 807
9 626
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
80
81
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
2 . 7
2 . 7 . 2
2 . 7 . 1
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Croatia
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
1.70
1.60
1.58
1.62
1.62
Production
2.58
4.15
3.57
3.78
4.13
4.03
Solid fuels
1.30
1.29
Solid fuels
0.10
0.05
Oil
Oil
1.78
1.33
1.02
0.98
0.94
Gas
Gas
1.62
1.61
1.35
1.87
2.22
2.36
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
Renewables
0.86
0.72
0.88
0.90
0.93
0.74
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
Net Imports
1.10
1.10
1.20
1.26
1.32
Net Imports
1.81
2.92
4.18
5.25
4.88
5.34
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.62
0.16
0.48
0.62
0.69
0.70
Oil
Oil
2.24
2.45
3.63
3.56
3.88
Gas
Gas
0.58
0.22
0.91
0.56
0.19
0.25
Electricity
Electricity
0.61
0.30
0.34
0.44
0.48
0.55
Renewables
Renewables
-0.05
-0.04
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
2.70
2.80
2.70
2.87
2.93
Gross Inland Consumption
4.49
7.09
7.83
8.93
8.96
9.35
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.82
0.19
0.44
0.68
0.63
0.69
Oil
Oil
3.95
3.96
4.53
4.61
4.72
Gas
Gas
2.19
1.93
2.21
2.38
2.35
2.70
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
Renewables
0.86
0.72
0.88
0.90
0.88
0.69
Other (****)
Other (****)
0.61
0.30
0.34
0.44
0.48
0.55
Elec. Generation (TWh)
6.10
6.80
6.90
7.00
Elec. Generation (TWh)
8.69
8.86
10.70
12.46
12.43
12.25
Coal (TWh)
Coal (TWh)
0.60
0.24
1.55
2.33
2.26
2.42
Oil (TWh)
Oil (TWh)
2.95
2.46
1.69
1.86
1.96
2.32
Gas (TWh)
Gas (TWh)
1.39
0.89
1.57
1.81
2.06
3.06
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
3.75
5.27
5.88
6.36
6.03
4.28
Other (TWh) (***)
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
0.02
0.11
0.12
0.17
Final Energy Consumption
3.36
4.48
5.35
6.33
6.44
6.46
Final Energy Consumption
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.51
0.12
0.07
0.15
0.13
0.15
Solid fuels
Oil
2.09
2.67
3.09
3.22
3.24
Oil
Gas
0.89
0.91
1.01
1.24
1.20
1.20
Gas
Electricity
1.14
0.85
1.01
1.23
1.29
1.32
Electricity
Renewables
0.54
0.26
0.37
0.35
0.36
0.32
Renewables
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.29
0.25
0.21
0.26
0.23
0.22
Derived heat & Industrial waste
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
1.67
1.26
1.39
1.58
1.64
1.65
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
0.03
1.19
1.53
1.91
2.03
2.17
TRANSPORT
HOUSEHOLDS
1.30
1.40
1.66
1.93
1.86
1.72
HOUSEHOLDS
AGRICULTURE
0.03
0.20
0.29
0.24
0.24
0.24
AGRICULTURE
SERVICES, ETC.
0.33
0.43
0.47
0.67
0.67
0.67
SERVICES, ETC.
Non-Energy Uses
0.37
0.82
0.68
0.71
0.69
0.76
Non-Energy Uses
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
24
17
20
24
24
25
2
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
359
339
310
296
293
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
710
685
673
Carbon intensity
5.25
2.43
2.58
2.66
2.66
2.69
CO intensity (tCO /toe)
2
2
Import dependency, %
40.2
41.0
53.3
58.6
54.3
56.9
Import dependency, %
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
939
1 549
1 764
2 011
2 018
2 107
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
CO per capita (kg/cap)
4 927
3 759
4 546
5 340
5 362
5 673
2
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
82
83
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
2 . 7 . 3
2 . 7 . 4
Bulgaria
Turkey
Iceland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
25.97
26.54
26.82
23.65
26.57
27.31
Production
1.40
1.57
2.31
2.64
3.26
Solid fuels
12.41
12.08
13.36
10.48
13.08
14.79
Solid fuels
Oil
3.72
3.53
2.77
2.27
2.17
2.15
Oil
Gas
0.17
0.15
0.53
0.74
0.75
0.74
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
9.66
10.78
10.15
10.13
10.54
9.60
Renewables
1.40
1.57
2.31
2.64
3.26
Industrial waste
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
Industrial waste
Net Imports
27.35
36.88
51.06
62.14
69.29
76.10
Net Imports
0.79
0.80
1.04
1.06
1.10
Solid fuels
4.21
4.48
9.25
11.72
13.58
14.64
Solid fuels
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
Oil
20.52
26.80
29.47
28.39
30.68
31.83
Oil
0.73
0.75
0.94
0.96
1.00
Gas
2.68
5.67
12.05
22.13
25.18
29.77
Gas
Electricity
-0.06
-0.06
0.29
-0.10
-0.14
-0.13
Electricity
Renewables
Renewables
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
52.37
62.16
77.62
85.34
94.66
101.51
Gross Inland Consumption
2.16
2.32
3.23
3.62
4.35
Solid fuels
16.92
16.62
23.35
22.30
26.59
29.39
Solid fuels
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
Oil
23.00
29.04
31.19
30.20
31.67
32.20
Oil
0.70
0.70
0.83
0.88
0.99
Gas
2.86
5.79
12.64
22.79
25.97
30.42
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
9.66
10.78
10.15
10.13
10.54
9.60
Renewables
1.40
1.57
2.31
2.64
3.26
Other (****)
-0.06
-0.06
0.30
-0.07
-0.12
-0.10
Other (****)
Elec. Generation (TWh)
57.54
86.25
124.92
161.96
176.30
191.56
Elec. Generation (TWh)
4.51
4.98
7.68
8.69
9.93
Coal (TWh)
20.18
27.41
37.33
42.20
45.61
52.33
Coal (TWh)
Oil (TWh)
3.94
5.77
9.31
5.48
4.34
6.53
Oil (TWh)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
Gas (TWh)
10.19
17.22
47.07
74.44
81.73
96.12
Gas (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
23.23
35.85
31.15
39.75
44.52
36.46
Renewables (TWh) (*)
4.50
4.97
7.68
8.68
9.93
Other (TWh) (***)
0.05
0.09
0.10
0.12
Other (TWh) (***)
Final Energy Consumption
38.58
44.72
55.48
63.24
69.05
72.83
Final Energy Consumption
1.65
1.71
2.12
2.20
2.38
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
8.04
6.67
10.78
11.28
13.30
14.46
Solid fuels
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
Oil
17.92
22.44
23.20
23.24
23.03
23.48
Oil
0.60
0.63
0.70
0.72
0.79
Gas
1.16
2.64
5.53
10.18
12.99
14.41
Gas
Electricity
3.87
5.60
8.24
11.05
12.15
13.12
Electricity
0.34
0.37
0.59
0.67
0.77
Renewables
7.60
7.37
7.34
6.63
6.63
6.33
Renewables
0.55
0.48
0.55
0.52
0.50
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.39
0.85
0.96
1.03
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.10
0.18
0.17
0.20
0.21
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
12.03
13.23
21.01
22.49
24.72
24.86
INDUSTRY
0.42
0.44
0.72
0.77
0.85
TRANSPORT
9.39
11.93
12.24
13.40
14.88
16.95
TRANSPORT
0.28
0.27
0.34
0.36
0.48
HOUSEHOLDS
14.56
15.78
17.00
19.31
20.08
20.73
HOUSEHOLDS
0.58
0.57
0.60
0.61
0.62
AGRICULTURE
1.95
2.65
2.92
3.30
3.53
3.87
AGRICULTURE
0.28
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.26
SERVICES, ETC.
0.66
1.12
2.31
4.74
5.84
6.43
SERVICES, ETC.
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.17
Non-Energy Uses
2.81
3.83
3.52
4.43
5.77
5.84
Non-Energy Uses
0.07
0.07
0.13
0.16
0.19
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
140
172
224
256
274
304
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
259
262
268
236
244
250
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
295
313
343
311
358
Carbon intensity
2.67
2.76
2.88
3.00
2.89
3.00
Carbon intensity
1.15
1.16
1.05
0.94
0.85
Import dependency, %
52.1
59.2
65.4
71.9
72.5
74.4
Import dependency, %
36.0
33.9
31.4
28.9
25.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
933
1 006
1 151
1 184
1 297
1 438
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
8 482
8 675
11 503
12 185
14 315
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2 486
2 782
3 320
3 558
3 751
4 314
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
9 726
10 068
12 046
11 445
12 097
13 105
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
84
85
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
2 . 7 . 5
2 . 7 . 6
Bulgaria
Norway
Switzerland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
120.32
182.06
225.00
234.04
223.66
216.03
Production
9.63
10.68
11.37
10.79
12.04
12.52
Solid fuels
0.20
0.19
0.43
0.99
1.61
2.68
Solid fuels
Oil
84.50
142.03
165.45
143.77
132.02
122.37
Oil
Gas
24.15
28.26
45.82
76.28
78.41
78.08
Gas
0.00
Nuclear
Nuclear
6.10
6.42
6.82
6.02
7.18
7.20
Renewables
11.47
11.57
13.30
12.99
11.61
12.88
Renewables
3.37
4.05
4.28
4.49
4.58
5.04
Industrial waste
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
Industrial waste
0.16
0.20
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.28
Net Imports
-96.39 -157.12 -198.28 -200.64 -197.56 -188.45
Net Imports
14.96
13.72
14.08
16.24
16.11
14.12
Solid fuels
0.67
0.85
0.60
-0.41
-0.90
-1.55
Solid fuels
0.34
0.16
0.19
0.10
0.16
0.21
Oil
-73.52 -132.61 -155.06 -128.10 -123.09 -112.84
Oil
13.16
11.98
12.06
12.82
13.01
11.44
Gas
-22.17
-24.80
-42.19
-71.12
-73.68
-73.26
Gas
1.63
2.20
2.43
2.78
2.71
2.63
Electricity
-1.37
-0.57
-1.64
-1.04
0.07
-0.86
Electricity
-0.18
-0.63
-0.61
0.55
0.23
-0.18
Renewables
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
Renewables
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
21.61
23.74
26.12
32.27
25.04
27.69
Gross Inland Consumption
24.69
24.70
25.86
26.89
28.10
26.90
Solid fuels
0.86
1.02
1.08
0.78
0.71
0.75
Solid fuels
0.36
0.19
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.17
Oil
8.67
8.26
9.74
14.34
7.86
10.02
Oil
13.24
12.26
12.52
12.61
12.95
11.74
Gas
1.98
3.46
3.63
5.16
4.74
4.82
Gas
1.63
2.20
2.43
2.78
2.71
2.63
Nuclear
Nuclear
6.10
6.42
6.82
6.02
7.18
7.20
Renewables
11.47
11.57
13.30
13.01
11.64
12.94
Renewables
3.39
4.06
4.28
4.49
4.58
5.05
Other (****)
-1.37
-0.57
-1.63
-1.02
0.09
-0.84
Other (****)
-0.02
-0.42
-0.34
0.83
0.53
0.10
Elec. Generation (TWh)
121.85
123.01
143.03
138.06
121.58
137.47
Elec. Generation (TWh)
56.18
63.03
67.52
59.61
64.04
67.95
Coal (TWh)
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
Coal (TWh)
0.04
0.00
Oil (TWh)
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
Oil (TWh)
0.39
0.37
0.23
0.19
0.18
0.19
Gas (TWh)
0.33
0.33
0.47
0.57
0.82
Gas (TWh)
0.33
0.72
0.86
0.87
0.79
0.75
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
23.64
24.90
26.45
23.34
27.82
27.93
Renewables (TWh) (*)
121.04
121.67
139.12
136.55
120.43
135.27
Renewables (TWh) (*)
30.55
36.16
38.33
33.07
33.04
37.37
Other (TWh) (***)
0.81
0.96
3.53
0.98
0.51
1.30
Other (TWh) (***)
1.23
0.89
1.67
2.14
2.21
1.72
Final Energy Consumption
16.12
16.87
18.13
18.48
18.36
18.84
Final Energy Consumption
18.91
19.55
20.43
21.74
21.65
21.14
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.79
0.95
0.99
0.71
0.61
0.68
Solid fuels
0.34
0.19
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.17
Oil
6.00
5.88
6.19
6.73
6.95
7.03
Oil
12.06
11.97
12.31
12.10
11.97
11.48
Gas
0.02
0.02
0.20
0.25
0.27
0.30
Gas
1.54
2.08
2.29
2.64
2.57
2.53
Electricity
8.32
8.92
9.42
9.52
9.23
9.51
Electricity
4.04
4.19
4.50
4.93
4.97
4.94
Renewables
0.90
0.99
1.20
1.06
1.06
1.07
Renewables
0.53
0.66
0.64
1.27
1.34
1.41
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.07
0.11
0.13
0.21
0.23
0.25
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.40
0.47
0.55
0.63
0.64
0.61
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
6.08
6.17
7.00
6.57
6.33
6.33
INDUSTRY
3.36
3.60
3.97
4.12
4.18
4.09
TRANSPORT
4.14
4.21
4.49
4.93
5.13
5.43
TRANSPORT
6.16
6.31
7.24
7.01
7.10
7.28
HOUSEHOLDS
3.60
3.86
3.82
3.83
3.81
3.88
HOUSEHOLDS
5.22
5.88
5.55
6.22
6.09
5.62
AGRICULTURE
0.27
0.65
0.77
0.75
0.75
0.68
AGRICULTURE
0.20
0.27
0.14
0.13
0.14
0.13
SERVICES, ETC.
2.03
1.96
2.04
2.39
2.34
2.52
SERVICES, ETC.
3.98
3.48
3.53
4.26
4.14
4.02
Non-Energy Uses
1.83
1.63
1.92
2.45
2.47
2.67
Non-Energy Uses
0.56
0.51
0.56
0.55
0.60
0.57
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
37
41
45
46
47
48
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
48
47
49
50
49
48
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
170
156
143
158
120
129
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
101
101
95
93
94
87
Carbon intensity
1.71
1.71
1.73
1.43
1.87
1.74
Carbon intensity
1.93
1.90
1.88
1.84
1.75
1.77
Import dependency, %
-437.1
-642.9
-736.0
-608.8
-773.6
-664.9
Import dependency, %
60.5
55.5
54.4
60.4
57.3
52.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
5 095
5 447
5 816
6 981
5 372
5 884
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 633
3 519
3 610
3 627
3 767
3 583
CO per capita (kg/cap)
8 698
9 329
10 044
10 007
10 050
10 249
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
6 999
6 693
6 778
6 679
6 602
6 333
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
86
87
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 8
W O R L D C O N T E X T
W O R L D C O N T E X T
2 . 8 . 1
2 . 8 . 1
Gross Inland Consumption
BY COUNTRY SHARES, %
Gross Inland Consumption
BY COUNTRY Mtoe
tes
*
tes
*7
o
a
*
ed Sta
2
re
azil
xic
*
o
U
anada
thers
ed Sta
7
a
WORLD
Unit
E
China (*)
Russia
India
Japan
C
Ko
Br
Me
O
2
re
xic
U
anada
azil
thers
1990
100.0
21.8
19.0
10.0
9.9
3.6
5.0
2.4
1.1
1.6
1.4
24.3
WORLD
Unit
E
China (*)
Russia
India
Japan
C
Ko
Br
Me
O
1990
1991
100.0
21.8
18.8
9.8
9.7
3.7
5.0
2.4
1.1
1.6
1.4
24.6
8 762 1 913 1 662
872
870
318
438
209
93
140
121 2 126
1991
8 844 1 929 1 665
866
859
331
443
208
100
142
126 2 175
1992
100.0
22.2
18.4
10.1
8.8
3.9
5.1
2.4
1.3
1.6
1.5
24.6
1992
8 842 1 966 1 630
866
779
344
453
213
111
144
129 2 177
1993
100.0
22.5
18.2
10.6
8.3
3.9
5.1
2.5
1.4
1.6
1.4
24.4
1993
8 930 2 006 1 628
866
742
352
456
220
124
147
129 2 177
1994
100.0
22.7
18.0
11.0
7.2
4.1
5.3
2.5
1.5
1.7
1.5
24.5
1994
9 006 2 046 1 623
866
649
365
481
228
134
155
133 2 202
1995
100.0
22.4
18.0
11.5
6.8
4.2
5.3
2.5
1.6
1.7
1.4
24.6
1995
9 227 2 071 1 663
866
624
385
493
231
147
160
129 2 265
1996
100.0
22.4
18.1
11.6
6.5
4.2
5.3
2.5
1.7
1.8
1.4
24.5
1996
9 475 2 123 1 720
866
618
398
504
236
160
169
133 2 320
1997
100.0
22.4
17.8
11.5
6.2
4.3
5.3
2.5
1.8
1.9
1.4
24.8
1997
9 565 2 145 1 704
866
591
414
509
239
174
178
138 2 376
1998
100.0
22.5
17.9
11.4
6.0
4.4
5.2
2.5
1.7
1.9
1.5
25.0
1998
9 615 2 163 1 723
866
578
423
500
237
159
182
144 2 408
1999
100.0
22.6
17.5
11.2
6.1
4.6
5.2
2.5
1.8
1.9
1.5
25.1
1999
9 806 2 220 1 711
866
599
448
508
244
176
187
147 2 465
2000
100.0
22.8
17.2
11.0
6.1
4.6
5.2
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
25.4
2000 10 019 2 283 1 724
866
610
457
518
251
189
189
147 2 544
2001
100.0
22.3
17.5
11.0
6.1
4.6
5.1
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
25.6
2001 10 051 2 239 1 763
866
617
464
509
248
191
190
149 2 577
2002
100.0
22.1
17.1
11.6
6.0
4.6
5.0
2.4
2.0
1.9
1.5
25.9
2002 10 271 2 269 1 758
866
614
476
509
249
202
196
154 2 656
2003
100.0
21.3
17.0
12.7
6.0
4.6
4.7
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
25.9
2003 10 628 2 264 1 803
866
636
489
505
262
206
199
158 2 755
2004
100.0
20.8
16.4
14.1
5.7
4.6
4.7
2.4
1.9
1.9
1.5
26.0
2004 11 123 2 311 1 824
866
638
517
521
268
211
210
163 2 889
2005
100.0
20.3
16.0
14.9
5.7
4.7
4.5
2.4
1.8
1.9
1.5
26.2
2005 11 425 2 323 1 826
866
651
534
519
272
210
216
175 2 996
2006
100.0
19.6
15.6
15.9
5.7
4.8
4.4
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.5
26.5
2006 11 720 2 303 1 826
866
671
561
518
269
214
223
175 3 102
2007
100.0
19.5
15.0
16.4
5.6
4.9
4.3
2.2
1.8
2.0
1.5
26.8
2007 12 029 2 340 1 806
866
672
595
514
269
222
236
184 3 221
United States • EU-27 • China • Russia • India • Japan • Canada • Korea • Brazil • Mexico
2.40
2.30
UNITED STATES
2.20
EU27
2.10
2.00
CHINA
1.90
26.8 %
19.5 %
1.80
RUSSIA
1.70
1.60
INDIA
1.50
YEAR
JAPAN
1.40
1.5 %
2007
15.0 %
1.30
CANADA
2.0 %
1.20
1.10
1.8 %
KOREA
1.00
2.2 %
4.3 %
BRAZIL
0.90
16.4 %
0.80
4.9 %
MEXICO
0.70
5.6 %
1990
OTHERS
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
88
89
S o u rce : O E C D
S o u rce : O E C D
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
W O R L D C O N T E X T
W O R L D C O N T E X T
2 . 8 . 2
2 . 8 . 2
Gross I
Gr
nland C
oss Inland C onsumption
onsumption
Gross Inland Consumption
BY FUEL / PRODUC T 2007
GRAPHS
ALL
0.3 %
in Mtoe PRODUCTS Solids
Oil
Gas Nuclear Hydro Biomass Other
United
UNITED STATES
0.9 %
2 340
554
910
538
218
21
82
16
SOLIDS in %
States
EU27 **
0.4 %
EU-27 (**)
1 806
331
657
432
241
27
98
20
1.8 %
13.7 %
JAPAN
17.4 %
Japan
514
115
230
83
69
6
7
4
Russia
672
102
132
366
42
15
7
8
RUSSIA
China (*)
1 970
1 293
358
61
16
42
195
5
CHINA *
7.6 %
India
595
242
141
33
4
11
162
2
YEAR
10.4 %
INDIA
Korea
222
56
94
31
37
0
3
0
2007
KOREA
Brazil
236
14
93
18
3
32
72
4
BRAZIL
3.6 %
Canada
269
30
94
79
24
32
12
-2
CANADA
40.6 %
Mexico
184
9
105
51
3
2
8
6
3.2 %
Others
3 221
436
1 276
827
51
76
531
26
MEXICO
World
12 029
3 182
4 090
2 520
709
265
1 176
87
OTHERS
in %
United
100.0
23.7
38.9
23.0
9.3
0.9
3.5
0.7
States
EU-27 (**)
100.0
18.3
36.4
23.9
13.4
1.5
5.4
1.1
OIL in %
Japan
100.0
22.3
44.8
16.2
13.4
1.2
1.4
0.7
22.2 %
Russia
100.0
15.2
19.7
54.4
6.3
2.3
1.0
1.2
31.2 %
China (*)
100.0
65.6
18.2
3.1
0.8
2.1
9.9
0.2
India
100.0
40.8
23.7
5.6
0.7
1.8
27.2
0.3
YEAR
Korea
100.0
25.3
42.5
14.0
16.8
0.1
1.2
0.0
2007
Brazil
100.0
5.8
39.3
7.5
1.4
13.7
30.7
1.7
16.1 %
2.6 %
Canada
100.0
11.2
35.1
29.3
9.0
11.8
4.3
-0.7
2.3 %
Mexico
100.0
4.9
56.9
27.4
1.5
1.3
4.5
3.5
2.3 %
Others
100.0
13.5
39.6
25.7
1.6
2.4
16.5
0.8
2.3 %
8.8 %
5.6 %
World
100.0
26.5
34.0
20.9
5.9
2.2
9.8
0.7
3.4 %
0.7 %
GROSS INLAND
3.2 %
CONSUMPTION WORLD
2.2 %
GAS in %
9.8 %
SOLIDS
21.4 %
26.5%
5.9 %
OIL
32.8 %
GAS
YEAR
NUCLEAR
YEAR
2007
2007
20.9 %
HYDRO
2.0 %
17.2 %
BIOMASS
3.1 %
34.0 %
OTHER
0.7 %
1.2 %
14.5 %
1.3 %
2.4 %
3.3 %
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
90
91
S o u rce : O E C D
S o u rce : O E C D
E N E R G Y
W O R L D C O N T E X T
2 . 8 . 3
PART 3
Energy Intensity
toe/mio €
TRANSPORT
tes
* *
o
ed Sta
7
a
2
re
xic
U
azil
anada
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
1990
471
355
233
139 2 943 2 040 1 543
429
366
502
350
1991
471
358
229
136 3 061 1 870 1 583
421
366
512
351
1992
458
354
221
138 3 257 1 713 1 557
442
366
519
344
1993
458
351
216
138 3 388 1 609 1 517
467
366
525
338
1994
445
344
209
144 3 388 1 504 1 478
462
366
518
334
1995
445
340
209
145 3 401 1 465 1 452
464
353
510
345
1996
445
336
212
144 3 505 1 400 1 400
474
366
514
339
1997
432
324
204
143 3 296 1 282 1 400
493
379
498
329
1998
419
314
200
144 3 401 1 216 1 347
484
392
476
327
1999
419
308
193
146 3 322 1 138 1 321
488
392
464
322
2000
405
306
187
145 3 074 1 059 1 295
483
379
453
303
2001
405
298
188
143 2 956
981 1 256
471
379
440
307
2002
405
297
185
142 2 812
981 1 243
464
379
428
314
2003
405
289
187
139 2 708 1 020 1 177
459
379
442
319
2004
419
284
185
139 2 538 1 073 1 151
450
379
440
316
2005
405
278
181
136 2 433 1 059 1 086
430
379
433
328
2006
405
268
176
133 2 328 1 046 1 033
416
379
416
313
2007
392
267
169
129 2 171
981 1 007
412
379
405
319
United States • EU-27 • Japan • Russia • China • India • Korea • Brazil • Canada • Mexico
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: Eurostat.
92
S o u rce : O E C D
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
3 . 1
PART 3
3 . 1 . 1
SUMMARY
Statistical Overview EU Transport
Gross Value Added:
3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................... 95
With around € 500 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices,
the provision of transport services (including storage, warehousing
and other auxiliary activities) accounted for about 4.6 % of total GVA
3.2 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT
in the EU-27 in 2007. It should be noted, however, that this figure only
includes the GVA of companies whose main activity is the provision
of transport (and transport-related) services and that own account
EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES ............................. 107
transport operations are not included.
Employment:
In 2007, the transport services sector in the EU-27 employed more than
3.3 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT
9.2 million persons, some 4.4 % of the total workforce. Almost two thirds
(63 %) of them worked in land transport (road, rail, inland waterways),
EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES ................. 117
2 % in sea transport, 5 % in air transport and 30 % in supporting and
auxiliary transport activities (such as cargo handling, storage and ware-
housing, travel and transport agencies, tour operators).
3.4 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER
Household expenditure:
In 2008, private households in the EU-27 spent € 945 billion or roughly
13.4 % of their total consumption on transport-related items.
TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS .................. 126
Close to one third of this sum (around € 279 billion) was used to purchase
vehicles, slightly more than half (€ 492 billion) was spent on the operation
of personal transport equipment (e.g. to buy fuel for the car) and the
remainder (€ 174 billion) was spent for transport services (e.g. bus, train,
3.5 INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................... 147
plane tickets).
Goods transport:
In 2008, total goods transport activities in the EU27 are estimated to
3.6 MEANS
OF
TRANSPORT .......................................................... 155
have amounted to 4 091 billion tkm. This figure includes intra-EU air
and sea transport but not transport activities between the EU and
the rest of the world. Road transport accounted for 45.9 % of this total,
rail for 10.8 %, inland waterways for 3.6 % and oil pipelines for 3.0 %.
3.7 SAFETY ................................................................................................. 173
Intra-EU maritime transport was the second most important mode
with a share of 36.6 % while intra-EU air transport only accounted for 0.1 %
of the total.
Passenger transport:
In 2008, total passenger transport activities in the EU27 by any motorized
means of transport are estimated to have amounted to 6 527 billion pkm
or on average 13.138 km per person. This figure includes intra-EU air and
sea transport but not transport activities between the EU and the rest
of the world. Passenger cars accounted for 72.4 % of this total, powered
two-wheelers for 2.4 %, buses & coaches for 8.4 %, railways for 6.3 % and
tram and metro for 1.4 %. Intra-EU air and intra-EU maritime transport
contributed 8.6 % and 0.6 % respectively.
Safety:
Road: 38 875 persons were killed in road accidents (fatalities within
30 days) in 2008, 8.5 % fewer than in 2007 (when 42 496 people
lost their lives). In comparison with 2000, the number of road
fatalities was lower by almost a third (31.1 %).
Rail: 83 passengers lost their lives in 2008; this figure does not include
casualties among railway employees or other people run over
by trains.
Air:
In 2009, 228 people were killed on board an EU carrier and 9 people
lost their lives in air crashes over EU territory. All 228 people who
died on board an EU carrier were in Air France Flight 447 that
crashed into the Atlantic Ocean on 1 June 2009.
94
95
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 2
3 . 1 . 3
Road transport
Transport Growth EU-27
SPEED LIMITS, BLOOD ALCOHOL LIMITS
SPEED LIMIT, CARS IN GENERAL, km/h:
Blood alcohol
YEAR
limit, grams of
1995 PASSENGERS, GOODS, GDP 19952008
Outside
alcohol in 1 litre
= 100
Built-up areas
built-up areas
Motorways
of blood
BE
30-50
90-120
120
0.5
140
BG
50
90
130
0.5
135
CZ
50
90
130
0.0
DK
50
80
110-130
0.5
130
DE
30-50
100
(130)
0.5
125
EE
50
90-110
110
0.2
IE
50
80-100
120
0.8
120
EL
50
90-110
130
0.5
115
ES
50
90-100
120
0.5
FR
50
80-110
110-130
0.5
110
IT
50
90-110
130-150
0.5
105
CY
50
80
100
0.5
LV
50
90
110
0.5
100
LT
50
70-90
110-130
0.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
LU
50
90
130
0.5
HU
50
90-110
130
0.0
MT
50
60-80
-
0.8
PASSENGERS 1 (pkm)
NL
30-50-70
80-100
100-120
0.5
GOODS 2 (tkm)
AT
50
100
130
0.5
GDP (at constant 2000 prices)
PL
50-60
90-110
130
0.2
PT
50
90-100
120
0.5
RO
50
90-100
130
0.0
SI
30-50
90-100
130
0.5
ANNUAL GROWTH RATES EU27
SK
50
90
130
0.0
FI
40-50
80-100
100-120
0.5
1995-2008
2000-2008
2007-2008
p.a.
p.a.
SE
30-50
70-90
100-120
0.2
UK
32-48
96-112
112
0.8
GDP at year 2000 prices
2.3 %
2.0 %
0.7 %
HR
50
90-100
130
0.0
and exchange rates
MK
60
80-100
120
0.5
Passenger transport
TR
50
90
130
0.5
1.6 %
1.2 %
-0.3 %
(pkm)
IS
30-50
80-90
-
0.5
NO
30-50-70
80
90-100
0.2
Freight transport (tkm)
2.3 %
2.0 %
-2.1 %
CH
30-50
80
120
0.5
Notes: UK, IE, CY and MT drive on the left hand side of the road, the other Member
Notes: GDP: at constant year 2000 prices and exchange rates.
States drive on the right hand side (SE since 3.9.1967).
(1) Passenger cars, powered two-wheelers, buses & coaches,
Signs in UK are in miles per hour.
tram & metro, railways, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea.
The higher figure shown in the 'outside built-up areas' column generally refers
(2) Road, rail, inland waterways, oil pipelines, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea.
to the speed limit on dual carriageways that are not motorways.
Speed limits:
DE: Motorways: No general speed limit, recommended speed limit is
130 km/h (more than half the network has a speed limit of 120 km/h or less).
FR: Dual carriageways 110 km/h. If road is wet: motorways 110 km/h,
dual carriageways 90 km/h, other roads outside built-up areas 80 km/h.
IT: 150 km/h on certain 2x3 lane motorways.
FI: in winter 100 km/h on motorways, 80 km/h on other roads.
PL: Built-up areas: 50 km/h from 05h00 to 23h00, 60 km/h from 23h00 to 05h00.
Blood alcohol limits:
In many countries, special (more restrictive) rules apply to novice
(i.e. new, unexperienced) and professional drivers.
96
97
S o u rce : N a t i o n a l s o u rce s, I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 1 . 4
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 5
Road transport
Employment by Mode of Transport
MAXIMUM GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT
(in 1 000) 2007
ARTICU
t
XLE
LATED
y
PER
A
PER
XLE
LORRIES
ROAD TRAIN
VEHI
t
A
CLES
t
t
tivities
ater t
ators
t ac
WEIGHT
DRIVE
5 axles
5 axles
BEARING
WEIGHT
anspor
tonnes
2 axles
3 axles
4 axles and more and more
L
ays
A
anspor
AD
AD
BE
10
12
19
26
39
44
44 (2)
eight transpor
ailw
ipelines
anspor
ther (*) auxiliar anspor
TOT
RO
ea tr
fr
RO
passenger transpor
R
P
Inland w tr
S
Air tr
Travel agencies & tour oper
O tr
BG
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
CZ
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
44 (1)
42 - 48
EU-27
9 212.7 2 963.1 1 960.5
864.4
12.0
43.4
184.0
409.1
490.0 2 286.2
DK
10 /
24 / 26
10
18
38
42 - 48
42 - 48
EU-15
7 302.3 2 293.5 1 522.8
506.9
6.0
34.5
166.3
379.2
420.9 1 972.2
11.5 (3)
(1) (3)
DE
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
EU-12
1 910.4
669.6
437.7
357.5
6.0
8.9
17.7
29.8
69.1
314.0
EE
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
BE
195.6
65.5
34.1
27.1
0.1
1.2
0.9
5.9
8.2
52.5
IE
10
11.5 (7)
18
26 (1)
36
44 (1)
44 (1)
BG
144.2
37.6
35.9
17.9
0.0
1.7
4.8
2.7
6.2
37.4
EL
7 / 10
13
19
26
33
40
40
ES
10
11.5
18
26
36
40
42 - 44
CZ
274.7
115.0
44.2
59.2
0.2
0.8
0.0
5.5
11.8
38.1
FR
13
13
19
26
38
40
40
DK
137.0
41.2
30.5
8.3
0.1
0.1
13.5
6.3
6.8
30.2
IT
12
12
18
26 (1)
40
44
44
DE
1 374.3
318.0
302.8
79.4
0.7
9.0
31.1
57.3
67.8
508.1
CY
LV
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
40
40
40
EE
38.6
14.9
5.9
3.4
0.0
0.1
1.1
0.7
1.8
10.7
LT
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40 40 - 44 (8)
IE
65.3
17.5
12.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
3.5
4.7
5.7
16.3
LU
10
12 (9)
19
26
44
44
44
EL
196.4
42.8
75.0
7.4
0.1
0.0
18.5
3.8
14.6
34.2
HU
10
11.5
18
25
30
40
40 (6)
MT
10
11.5
18
25
36
40
40 (6)
ES
929.2
415.7
179.2
20.6
0.0
0.3
7.6
38.8
58.2
208.7
NL
10
11.5
21.5
33
40
50
50
FR
1 218.0
368.1
291.1
169.4
1.3
3.8
14.2
73.2
42.9
254.2
AT
10
11.5
18
26
36
40
40
IT
984.8
346.3
150.9
64.1
3.0
3.0
25.7
22.5
47.3
321.9
PL
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
PT
10
12
19
26
37 (10)
40
40
CY
19.6
2.5
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.1
2.2
2.7
4.7
RO
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
LV
70.7
20.6
14.5
14.0
0.4
0.0
0.8
1.2
2.2
17.0
SI
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
LT
92.4
43.3
18.0
10.8
0.0
0.1
1.7
0.7
3.2
14.6
SK
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
FI
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36 44 - 60 (4)
42 - 48
LU
21.4
8.5
2.8
3.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
4.0
0.6
2.3
SE
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
38 48 - 60 (5) 48 - 60 (5)
HU
205.1
68.3
51.4
43.1
0.6
1.2
0.0
2.4
6.7
31.4
UK
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40 40 - 44 (8)
MT
10.8
1.1
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
2.0
2.9
HR
10
11.5
18
24
36
40
40
MK
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
NL
362.5
127.9
47.5
31.1
0.1
13.5
8.2
36.0
22.9
75.3
TR
10
11.5
18
25 / 26
36
40 40 - 44 (8)
AT
194.9
60.8
47.1
14.2
0.4
0.5
0.0
9.7
11.2
51.0
IS
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
44
PL
622.2
243.2
154.6
120.4
3.3
1.4
2.0
6.3
18.5
72.6
NO
10
11.5
19
26
37
42
44
CH
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
PT
162.8
66.9
37.3
4.3
0.1
0.1
2.5
9.4
10.0
32.1
LI
10
11.5
18
26
36
40
40
RO
304.8
86.6
87.1
48.3
1.5
2.8
1.0
3.9
9.2
64.4
SI
45.6
21.6
8.0
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.8
2.0
8.0
Notes: An articulated vehicle consists of a road tractor coupled to a semi-trailer.
A road train is a goods road motor vehicle coupled to one or more trailers.
SK
81.6
15.0
14.3
35.6
0.2
0.7
0.0
1.0
2.8
12.1
(1) For axles equipped with air suspension or equivalent.
FI
123.4
43.2
25.9
(
7.7
0.0
0.2
9.5
7.1
4.8
25.0
2) 2 axles tractor + 3 axles semi-trailer: mechancial suspension = 43t,
pneumatic suspension = 44t.
SE
235.9
75.0
61.7
8.9
0.0
1.4
15.8
7.0
12.7
53.5
(3) national traffic / international traffic.
(4) 5 axles = 44t; 6 axles = 56t; 7 axles = 60t.
UK
1 100.9
296.2
224.7
55.7
0.3
1.4
15.1
93.4
107.1
307.0
(5) 5 axles = 48t; 6 axles = 58t; 7 axles = 60t.
(6) 44t for 40 feet long ISO containers.
Notes: (*) Cargo handling and storage. Other supporting activities.
(7) 10.5t for vehicles with mechanical suspension in national traffic.
Activities of other transport agencies.
(8) higher value for vehicles engaged in combined transport.
The above figures refer to employment only in those companies
(9) 11.5t if mechanical suspension.
whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
(10) 35t for 3-axle tractor + 1-axle trailer.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 1.1 classification.
98
99
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , U n i te d
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
N a t i o n s E co n o m i c Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 6
3 . 1 . 7
Number of Enterprises by Mode
Turnover by Mode of Transport
of Transport – 2007
2007 mio €
t
t
y
y
t
t
t
t
tivities
t
t
tivities
ater t
ators
t ac
ater t
ators
t ac
L
ays
anspor
L
ays
anspor
A
anspor
anspor
AD
AD
A
AD
AD
eight transpor
ailw
ipelines
anspor
ther (*) auxiliar anspor
eight transpor
ailw
ipelines
anspor
ther (*) auxiliar anspor
TOT
RO
ea tr
ea tr
fr
RO
passenger transpor
R
P
Inland w tr
S
Air tr
Travel agencies & tour oper
O tr
TOT
RO
fr
RO
passenger transpor
R
P
Inland w tr
S
Air tr
Travel agencies & tour oper
O tr
EU-27 1 163 160 608 713 336 517
887
161
9 324 10 700
3 774 81 000 112 084
EU-27 1 210 000 302 597 97 157 73 692 12 310
6 124 105 305 128 469 161 000 418 708
EU-15
438 565 244 939
8 254 10 156 3 352 59 771 88 456
EU-15
264 867 88 824
153 154 388 487
EU-12
170 148 91 578
1 070
544
422 21 229 23 628
EU-12
37 730 8 333
7 846 30 221
BE
7 638
2 261
337
122
170
1 485
2 664
BE
10 954
1 705
406
3 580
3 244
5 358 19 180
BG
16 585
7 097
6 527
8
0
20
10
37
1 243
1 643
BG
1 416
426
442
0
386
300
1 171
CZ
26 750
9 320
76
0
30
6 200
4 202
CZ
7 100
943
43
0
1 700
6 389
DK
13 493
7 186
3 710
14
4
27
407
51
649
1 445
DK
6 162
2 790
247
65
3 208
3 242
9 014
DE
87 592 34 824 24 550
290
29
1 128
1 745
425
9 829 14 772
DE 218 217 29 131 15 324 16 474
2 416
1 735 27 419 14 959 19 756 91 004
EE
3 972
2 411
248
10
0
1
18
9
339
936
EE
3 849
992
103
194
0
120
177
2 262
IE
4 100
600
0
66
36
326
836
IE
2 430
650
1 886
3 503
EL
21 718 35 000
0
3 031
17
3 433
7 808
EL
3 120
2 600
0
2 347
1 253
1 613
2 936
ES 228 028 138 599 65 833
8
0
38
225
85
9 771 13 469
ES 116 416 38 725
8 819
1 971
0
35
1 960 10 538 18 828 35 541
FR
95 854 42 551 37 637
32
30
1 177
771
555
5 552
7 549
FR
39 639 15 232
681 10 416 19 673 13 234 54 577
IT 148 042 93 427 23 379
36
7
759
754
243 11 795 17 642
IT 143 328 47 367
7 731
6 323
2 207
189 10 913 11 081 14 200 43 319
CY
4 056
1 4
52
1 436
0
0
0
63
5
517
583
CY
1 583
115
89
0
0
0
273
411
127
569
LV
5 204
2 656
770
15
2
7
26
16
466
1 246
LV
1 058
184
1
58
322
247
1 640
LT
7 182
3 998
1 255
12
3
11
13
12
890
988
LT
2 303
267
440
3
5
170
124
251
1 377
LU
928
469
170
2
0
22
7
14
91
153
LU
4 680
1 139
169
454
0
5
23
1 795
308
789
HU
32 882 18 410
8 979
18
5
99
5
88
1 831
3 447
HU
13 567
3 951
1 160
1 404
299
69
2
924
1 017
4 740
MT
2 508
38
6
1 022
0
0
0
140
20
697
243
MT
630
54
78
0
167
331
NL
24 260
8 865
4 135
20
5
3 640
695
235
2 465
4 200
NL
19 066
3 328
2 115
165
2 094
5 720
9 524
6 225 23 036
AT
15 480
7 384
4 984
27
7
75
11
152
1 583
1 257
AT
38 019
8 659
3 170
2 533
768
121
10
3 382
4 099 15 277
PL 145 968 80 990 51 531
104
5
678
171
101
5 642
6 746
PL
33 306 14 149
3 308
4 041
955
122
388
1 362
2 195
6 786
PT
27 769 11 789 11 799
1
4
254
186
70
1 764
1 902
PT
5 045
1 320
676
:
2 812
5 780
RO
32 786 18 422
9 416
88
3
139
55
57
2 483
2 123
RO
9 115
3 779
1 283
136
108
602
677
2 529
SI
8 526
6 330
935
6
1
30
43
31
515
635
SI
3 769
1 927
209
1
511
1 122
SK
1 246
139
9
0
16
406
836
SK
885
282
0
479
1 305
FI
23 895 11 307
9 298
5
1
75
252
71
1 249
1 637
FI
19 996
5 659
1 764
16
2 719
2 658
1 490
5 689
SE
31 515 14 833
9 192
35
0
477
686
214
3 037
3 041
SE
46 944
9 137
5 942
1 652
0
142
4 165
3 477
6 786 15 644
UK
65 656 33 875 12 391
100
10
245
1 198
1 014
6 742 10 081
UK 224 119 38 635 18 282 10 237
670
129
9 914 29 737 53 315 63 199
Notes: (*) Cargo handling and storage, other supporting activities,
Notes: (*) Cargo handling and storage, other supporting activities,
activities of other transport agencies.
activities of other transport agencies.
The above figures refer to the number only of those enterprises
The above figures refer to the turnover only of those companies
whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 1.1 classification.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 1.1 classification.
100
101
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 8
3 . 1 . 9
Final Consumption of
EU-27: Evolution of Consumer Prices
Households for Transport
for Passenger Transport
BY TYPE OF EXPENDITURE 2008 *
HARMONISED INDEX OF CONSUMER PRICES
of which:
of which:
Motorcycles,
YEAR
AS
L FINAL
bicycles and
TA
ON
2005
PURCHASE
animal drawn
purchase
operation
=100
ALL ITEMS
TRANSPORT
OF VEHICLES
Motor cars
vehicles
ANSPORT
TO
of personal of personal
purchased
TR
HOUSEHOLDS
OF
HEAD
transport
transport
transport
ANSPORT
HOUSEHOLDS
ANSPORT
2009
109.6
108.4
101.1
100.9
103.7
ONSUMPTION
%
ONSUMPTION
FINAL
C
OF
FOR
equipment
equipment
services
TR
A
C
OF
EXPENDITURE
PER
TR
2008
108.6
110.7
101.3
101.3
100.7
2007
104.7
105.6
101.6
101.7
100.3
million euro
%
€
2006
102.3
103.0
100.6
100.7
99.5
EU-27
945 113
279 195
491 536
174 382
13.4
1 900
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2004
97.8
95.7
99.7
99.6
100.4
EU-15
872 561
259 837
454 346
158 378
13.5
2 200
2003
95.6
92.6
98.9
98.7
100.3
EU-12
2002
93.6
90.2
97.8
97.6
100.4
BE
20 750
5 985
12 912
1 853
12.0
1 900
2001
91.3
88.6
96.6
96.4
99.4
2000
88.5
87.3
96.1
96.0
97.3
BG
2 902
362
1 611
929
18.0
400
1999
85.5
82.5
96.3
96.4
95.8
CZ
8 693
2 513
4 138
2 042
11.5
800
of which:
DK
14 303
5 891
7 062
1 350
12.8
2 600
Spare parts
Other
DE
185 080
64 530
85 980
34 570
13.8
2 300
OPERATION
and
Fuels and
Maintenance
services in
EE
1 405
199
857
349
16.0
1 000
OF
accessories
lubricants
and repair
respect of
YEAR PERSONAL
for personal
for personal
of personal
personal
IE
10 388
3 738
4 325
2 325
12.3
2 300
2005 TRANSPORT
transport
transport
transport
transport
=100 EQUIPMENT
equipment
equipment
equipment
equipment
EL
18 674
8 081
6 132
4 461
10.4
1 700
2009
109.9
112.8
105.1
117.1
110.8
ES
73 138
24 362
36 414
12 362
11.7
1 600
2008
115.3
109.6
119.0
112.8
107.7
FR
158 979
38 689
97 402
22 888
14.5
2 500
2007
107.5
105.8
108.1
107.9
104.9
IT
120 769
31 079
72 848
16 841
12.9
2 000
2006
104.3
102.5
105.5
103.7
102.2
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CY
2 087
894
739
454
15.6
2 600
2004
93.7
97.7
90.6
96.3
97.8
LV
1 602
489
782
331
12.5
700
2003
89.3
95.4
84.9
92.4
95.9
LT
3 864
530
2 858
475
18.7
1 200
2002
86.5
94.2
82.2
88.7
93.2
2001
85.1
92.6
82.4
85.0
90.7
LU
2 781
1 042
1 633
106
19.2
5 700
2000
84.7
91.6
84.2
81.6
88.3
HU
8 820
2 762
4 804
1 255
15.5
900
1999
77.6
91.5
71.8
79.3
86.7
MT
514
134
266
114
12.9
1 200
of which:
NL
30 866
9 139
16 828
4 899
11.9
1 900
Passenger
AT
18 728
5 465
9 644
3 619
12.8
2 300
transport
Other
YEAR TRANS Passenger Passenger Passenger by sea and Combined purchased
PL
20 490
6 317
9 604
4 569
9.3
500
2005
PORT
transport transport transport
inland
passenger transport
PT
14 371
5 262
7 262
1 847
14.0
1 400
=100 SERVICES by railway
by road
by air
waterway transport
services
RO
13 140
2 812
6 712
3 615
16.1
600
2007
117.2
118.0
117.9
110.0
128.0
116.5
109.4
SI
3 362
1 241
1 886
235
16.2
1 700
2006
113.2
112.8
113.3
110.9
117.8
111.9
109.0
2007
106.6
108.4
107.8
100.3
113.2
107.0
105.7
SK
2 733
577
1 374
782
7.6
500
2006
103.2
103.4
103.8
100.7
106.2
103.6
102.6
FI
10 689
3 179
5 504
2 006
11.7
2 000
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
SE
19 088
4 616
11 276
3 196
12.8
2 100
2004
95.4
96.5
95.5
94.5
100.2
96.5
97.8
2003
92.3
93.2
92.0
93.4
102.3
92.2
95.2
UK
169 531
50 102
74 471
44 958
15.4
2 800
2002
89.0
90.4
88.0
91.8
99.6
89.3
93.1
2001
85.8
86.8
84.6
89.5
95.2
86.3
90.0
Notes: (*) ES, LV, NL, AT, RO: 2007; PT: 2006; BG: 2005.
2000
81.9
83.9
80.2
84.5
90.8
82.8
85.6
EU-totals all refer to 2008. therefore the sum of the country rows
1999
79.3
82.1
76.8
83.2
86.7
79.7
83.2
does not add up to the total.
102
103
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 1 0
3 . 1 . 1 1
EU-27 External Trade by Mode of Transport
Comparison EU27 – World
2008
INFRASTRUC TURE AND VEHICLES
VALUE billion €
EXTRA EU27
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
EXPORT
IMPORT
EXPORT + IMPORT
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
Sea
621.1
47.5 %
836.1
53.4 %
1 457.2
50.7 %
1 000 km
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
Road
289.1
22.1 %
178.0
11.4 %
467.1
16.3 %
Road network (paved)
5 000
4 241
956
2 535
771
Rail
24.3
1.9 %
21.8
1.4 %
46.1
1.6 %
Motorway network
65.1
95.3 (1)
7.6 (2)
53.9
30.0
Inland waterway
5.0
0.4 %
3.1
0.2 %
8.2
0.3 %
Railway network
212.8 203.1 (3)
27.3
78.0
87.2
Pipeline
4.6
0.4 %
123.0
7.9 %
127.6
4.4 %
Electrified rail lines
110.5
15.2
24.4
40.3
Air
320.4
24.5 %
255.6
16.3 %
576.0
20.1 %
Navigable inland waterways
42.7
40.7
1.8
123.5
102.0
Self propulsion
31.9
2.4 %
14.4
0.9 %
46.4
1.6 %
Oil Pipelines
33.7
268.7
0.2
20.2 (4)
46.7 (5)
Post
1.5
0.1 %
2.7
0.2 %
4.2
0.1 %
Unknown
8.6
0.7 %
130.3
8.3 %
138.9
4.8 %
VEHICLE STOCK
TOTAL
1 306.6 100.0 %
1 565.0 100.0 %
2 871.6 100.0 %
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
2008
2007
2008
2008
2008
WEIGHT million tonnes
Passenger
million
231.9 237.4 (6)
69.0 (7)
38.5
30.3
cars stock
EXTRA EU27
cars /
Motorization
467
780
540
29
212
1 000 persons
EXPORT
IMPORT
EXPORT + IMPORT
Commercial
freight
million
33.97
9.03
6.57
24.54
5.35
Sea
396.4
74.8 %
1 288.3
71.7 %
1 684.7
72.4 %
vehicles
Road
82.9
15.6 %
59.1
3.3 %
142.0
6.1 %
TRANSPORT SAFETY
Rail
24.6
4.6 %
73.5
4.1 %
98.0
4.2 %
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
Inland waterway
8.4
1.6 %
13.0
0.7 %
21.4
0.9 %
Pipeline
3.7
0.7 %
275.5
15.3 %
279.2
12.0 %
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
Air
9.8
1.8 %
3.5
0.2 %
13.3
0.6 %
number
38 875
37 261
5 155
73 484
29 900
Road
fatalities
per million
Self propulsion
3.2
0.6 %
2.2
0.1 %
5.5
0.2 %
78
122
40
56
211
inhabitants
Post
0.0
0.0 %
0.1
0.0 %
0.1
0.0 %
Notes: (1) USA: divided highways with 4 or more lanes
Unknown
1.2
0.2 %
82.2
4.6 %
83.4
3.6 %
(rural or urban interstate, freeways, expressways, arterial and collector)
with full access control by the authorities.
TOTAL
530.2 100.0 %
1 797.4 100.0 %
2 327.6 100.0 %
(2) Japan: national expressways.
(3) USA: a sum of overlapping networks.
(4) China: only crude oil pipelines. Refined oil pipelines: 2005: 9 746 km.
Notes: Data for intra-EU trade are no longer available by mode
(5) Russia: only crude oil pipelines. 16 thousand km of oil products
of transport used.
pipelines are not included.
(6) USA: all 2-axle 4-tyre vehicles (135.9 million passenger cars
and 101.5 million other 2-axle 4-tyre vehicles).
(7) Japan: including 28.2 million light motor vehicles
(engine capacity up to 660 cubic centimetres).
104
105
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l R o a d Fe d e r a t i o n , U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e
d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 1 . 1 2
G E N E R A L
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2
Comparison EU27 – World
3 . 2 . 1
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT
EU-27 Performance by Mode
for Freight Transport – 1995-2008
PASSENGER TRANSPORT
billion tonne-kilometres
ROAD
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
billion pkm
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
1 800
Passenger car
4 725.0 7 201.8 (1) 769.1 (2) 1 263.6 (3)
Bus + trolley-bus + coach
546.7 243.0
89.9
124.8
1 600
SEA
Railway
409.2 37.1
404.6
777.9
175.9
Tram + metro
89.0 21.1
(4)
51.6
1 400
Waterborne
40.9 0.6
5.5
7.5
0.9
Air (domestic / intra-EU-27)
561.0 977.8
81.0
288.3
122.6
1 200
FREIGHT TRANSPORT
1 000
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
billion tkm
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
Road
1 877.7
1 922.9
346.4 1 135.5
216.3
Rail
442.7
2 656.6
22.3 2 379.7
2 116.2
500
RAIL
Inland waterways
145.3
472.3
1 559.9
64.0
Oil pipeline
124.1
814.2
186.6 (5)
2 464.0
400
Sea (domestic / intra-EU-27)
1 498.0
333.0
187.5 4 868.6
85.0
300
Notes: (1) USA: including light trucks / vans.
(2) Japan: including light motor vehicles and taxis.
(3) China: including buses and coaches.
(4) Japan: included in railway pkm.
200
(5) China: oil and gas pipelines.
INLAND WATERWAYS
100
OIL PIPELINES
AIR
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
106
107
Source: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 2 . 4 c to 3 . 2 . 7 , e s t i m a te s
STAT (Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2 . 2
3 . 2 . 3
EU-27 Performance by Mode
EU-27 Performance by Mode
FREIGHT TRANSPORT
FREIGHT TRANSPORT FOR INLAND MODES
thousand mio tonne-kilometres
thousand mio tonne-kilometres
INLAND
WATER
PIPE
INLAND
ROAD
RAIL
WAYS
LINES
SEA
AIR
TOTAL
ROAD
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
TOTAL
1995
1 289
386
122
115
1 146
2.0
3 060
1995
1 289
386
122
115
1 912
1996
1 303
392
120
119
1 160
2.1
3 096
1996
1 303
392
120
119
1 934
1997
1 352
410
128
118
1 193
2.2
3 202
1997
1 352
410
128
118
2 007
1998
1 414
393
131
125
1 232
2.3
3 297
1998
1 414
393
131
125
2 063
1999
1 470
384
129
124
1 268
2.3
3 377
1999
1 470
384
129
124
2 107
2000
1 519
404
134
127
1 314
2.5
3 499
2000
1 519
404
134
127
2 183
2001
1 556
386
133
133
1 334
2.5
3 544
2001
1 556
386
133
133
2 208
2002
1 606
384
133
128
1 355
2.4
3 608
2002
1 606
384
133
128
2 251
2003
1 625
392
124
130
1 378
2.4
3 652
2003
1 625
392
124
130
2 271
2004
1 747
416
137
132
1 427
2.5
3 861
2004
1 747
416
137
132
2 432
2005
1 800
414
139
136
1 461
2.6
3 953
2005
1 800
414
139
136
2 489
2006
1 854
440
138
135
1 505
2.7
4 076
2006
1 854
440
138
135
2 568
2007
1 915
453
147
127
1 532
2.8
4 177
2007
1 915
453
147
127
2 642
2008
1 878
443
145
124
1 498
2.7
4 091
2008
1 878
443
145
124
2 590
1995-2008
45.7 %
14.7 %
19.0 %
8.0 %
30.7 %
35.0 %
33.7 %
1995-2008
45.7 %
14.7 %
19.0 %
8.0 %
35.5 %
per year
2.9 %
1.1 %
1.3 %
0.6 %
2.1 %
2.3 %
2.3 %
per year
2.9 %
1.1 %
1.3 %
0.6 %
2.4 %
2000-2008
23.6 %
9.7 %
8.5 %
-2.0 %
14.0 %
10.2 %
16.9 %
2000-2008
23.6 %
9.7 %
8.5 %
-2.0 %
18.6 %
per year
2.7 %
1.2 %
1.0 %
-0.3 %
1.7 %
1.2 %
2.0 %
per year
2.7 %
1.2 %
1.0 %
-0.3 %
1.9 %
2007-2008
-1.9 %
-2.3 %
-1.2 %
-2.2 %
-2.2 %
-1.8 %
-2.1 %
2007-2008
-1.9 %
-2.3 %
-1.2 %
-2.2 %
-2.0 %
MODAL SPLIT
MODAL SPLIT
%
%
INLAND
WATER
PIPE
INLAND
ROAD
RAIL
WAYS
LINES
SEA
AIR
ROAD
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
1995
42.1
12.6
4.0
3.8
37.5
0.1
1995
67.4 20.2 6.4 6.0
1996
42.1
12.7
3.9
3.9
37.5
0.1
1996
67.4 20.3 6.2 6.2
1997
42.2
12.8
4.0
3.7
37.3
0.1
1997
67.3 20.4 6.4 5.9
1998
42.9
11.9
4.0
3.8
37.4
0.1
1998
68.5 19.0 6.4 6.1
1999
43.5
11.4
3.8
3.7
37.6
0.1
1999
69.8 18.2 6.1 5.9
2000
43.4
11.5
3.8
3.6
37.5
0.1
2000
69.6 18.5 6.1 5.8
2001
43.9
10.9
3.7
3.8
37.6
0.1
2001
70.5 17.5 6.0 6.0
2002
44.5
10.6
3.7
3.6
37.6
0.1
2002
71.4 17.1 5.9 5.7
2003
44.5
10.7
3.4
3.6
37.7
0.1
2003
71.6 17.3 5.4 5.7
2004
45.2
10.8
3.5
3.4
37.0
0.1
2004
71.8 17.1 5.6 5.4
2005
45.5
10.5
3.5
3.4
37.0
0.1
2005
72.3 16.6 5.6 5.5
2006
45.5
10.8
3.4
3.3
36.9
0.1
2006
72.2 17.1 5.4 5.3
2007
45.8
10.8
3.5
3.0
36.7
0.1
2007
72.5 17.1 5.6 4.8
2008
45.9
10.8
3.6
3.0
36.6
0.1
2008
72.5 17.1 5.6 4.8
Notes: Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; provisional estimates.
Notes: Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered
Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-27.
in the EU-27.
108
109
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 2 . 4 c to 3 . 2 . 7 , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 2 . 4 c to 3 . 2 . 7
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 4 a PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPOR T EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOME TRES 3 . 2 . 4 b
Road
Road
NATIONAL HAULAGE
INTERNATIONAL HAULAGE *
HAULAGE BY VEHICLES REGISTERED
HAULAGE BY VEHICLES REGISTERED
IN THE REPORTING COUNTRY
IN THE REPORTING COUNTRY
thousand mio tkm
%
thousand mio tkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
1 088.8 1 232.5 1 250.1 1 292.4 1 268.0
-1.9
EU-27
429.9
567.8
604.2
622.6
609.7
-2.1
EU-15
869.9
989.4 1 103.9 1 117.8 1 150.5 1 119.6
-2.7
EU-15
268.3
339.5
384.6
386.0
373.2
347.6
-6.8
EU-12
99.5
128.6
132.2
141.8
148.4
4.6
EU-12
90.4
183.1
218.2
249.4
262.1
5.1
BE
18.62
19.75
19.28
19.62
19.65
18.21
-7.3
BE
26.98
31.29
24.57
23.40
22.44
20.15
-10.2
BG
3.06
5.05
5.81
5.89
7.12
20.9
BG
3.34
9.33
7.96
8.73
8.20
-6.1
CZ
14.21
15.52
16.08
15.83
15.75
-0.5
CZ
23.10
27.93
34.29
32.31
35.13
8.7
DK
9.33
11.00
11.06
11.50
11.80
10.72
-9.2
DK
13.07
13.02
12.24
9.76
9.16
8.76
-4.3
DE
201.30
226.53
237.62
251.38
261.44
264.55
1.2
DE
36.50
54.18
72.49
78.64
82.01
76.99
-6.1
EE
0.45
0.72
1.85
1.98
1.94
1.83
-5.7
EE
1.10
3.22
3.98
3.57
4.48
5.52
23.4
IE
4.70
8.34
13.98
13.83
14.43
13.27
-8.1
IE
0.80
3.94
3.93
3.62
4.59
4.14
-9.9
EL
20.00
24.50
27.50
26.14
21.73
24.35
12.0
EL
4.00
4.50
5.00
7.87
6.06
4.50
-25.7
ES
78.74
106.94
166.39
174.59
190.61
175.18
-8.1
ES
22.86
41.78
66.84
67.20
68.26
67.80
-0.7
FR
135.30
163.16
177.33
182.75
191.39
181.88
-5.0
FR
42.90
40.84
27.95
28.69
27.82
24.43
-12.2
IT
150.30
158.25
171.59
155.43
152.41
149.00
-2.2
IT
24.13
26.43
40.22
31.64
27.00
26.00
-3.7
CY
1.28
1.37
1.15
1.18
1.30
9.5
CY
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
-33.3
LV
1.48
2.73
2.72
3.01
2.54
-15.6
LV
3.31
5.66
8.04
10.20
9.81
-3.8
LT
1.53
2.14
2.23
2.70
2.56
-5.3
LT
6.24
13.77
15.90
17.57
17.86
1.6
LU
0.53
0.42
0.49
0.54
0.55
0.79
43.6
LU
4.97
7.20
8.31
8.26
9.01
9.75
8.1
HU
12.15
11.39
12.43
13.19
13.04
-1.1
HU
6.98
13.76
18.05
22.62
22.72
0.4
MT
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.0
MT
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.0
NL
26.68
31.54
31.83
31.01
30.69
32.01
4.3
NL
40.42
48.03
52.34
52.18
47.24
46.15
-2.3
AT
11.07
12.39
12.51
14.44
14.74
14.59
-1.1
AT
15.43
22.73
24.53
24.75
22.66
19.74
-12.9
PL
48.00
60.94
59.42
65.77
71.92
9.3
PL
27.02
50.89
68.90
85.11
93.01
9.3
PT
16.50
17.06
17.45
17.54
18.32
17.11
-6.6
PT
15.50
21.85
25.16
27.30
27.88
21.98
-21.2
RO
9.88
19.40
22.72
23.93
23.19
-3.1
RO
4.41
32.13
34.57
35.59
33.20
-6.7
SI
1.90
2.36
2.28
2.57
2.64
2.4
SI
3.40
8.67
9.83
11.16
13.63
22.1
SK
5.06
5.62
5.20
5.62
6.32
12.5
SK
9.28
16.95
17.01
21.54
22.96
6.6
FI
21.80
27.72
27.82
25.47
25.96
27.62
6.4
FI
2.70
4.26
4.04
4.25
3.86
2.24
-41.9
SE
28.36
31.45
34.70
35.47
36.40
37.95
4.3
SE
3.24
4.17
3.87
4.44
4.15
4.42
6.6
UK
146.71
150.34
154.40
158.16
160.43
152.40
-5.0
UK
14.79
15.28
13.14
14.03
11.05
10.60
-4.1
HR
1.91
4.39
5.29
5.12
6.45
25.9
HR
0.95
4.94
4.88
5.38
4.60
-14.5
MK
MK
TR
112.50
161.55
166.83
177.40
181.33
181.94
0.3
TR
IS
0.50
0.60
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.80
-3.0
IS
NO
12.11
15.35
15.31
15.43
16.66
8.0
NO
3.02
2.90
4.08
3.95
3.94
-0.3
CH
8.36
8.93
9.12
9.22
9.45
9.53
0.8
CH(1)
0.75
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.85
0.75
-12.3
Notes: Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
Notes: (*) Including cross-trade and cabotage;
Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
(1) CH: in contrast to the data for other countries, the Swiss data do not
include that part of international journeys by Swiss hauliers that takes
place outside Switzerland.
110
111
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s (C H ) , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s (C H ) , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 4 c PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2 . 5
Road
Railways
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HAULAGE *
HAULAGE BY VEHICLES REGISTERED
IN THE REPORTING COUNTRY
thousand mio tkm
%
thousand mio tkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
1 288.7 1 518.7 1 800.3 1 854.3 1 914.9 1 877.7
-1.9
EU-27
526.3
386.1
403.7
414.1
440.4
453.1
442.7
-2.3
EU-15
1 138.2 1 328.9 1 488.6 1 503.9 1 523.7 1 467.2
-3.7
EU-15
256.5
222.7
257.1
262.9
286.1
297.1
292.4
-1.6
EU-12
150.4
189.8
311.7
350.4
391.2
410.5
4.9
EU-12
269.8
163.4
146.6
151.3
154.3
156.0
150.4
-3.6
BE
45.60
51.05
43.85
43.02
42.09
38.36
-8.9
BE
8.37
7.30
7.67
8.13
8.57
9.26
8.57
-7.4
BG
5.20
6.40
14.37
13.77
14.62
15.32
4.8
BG
14.13
8.60
5.54
5.16
5.40
5.24
4.69
-10.5
CZ
31.30
37.31
43.45
50.38
48.14
50.88
5.7
CZ
22.62
17.50
14.87
15.78
16.30
15.44
-5.3
DK
22.40
24.02
23.30
21.25
20.96
19.48
-7.1
DK
1.73
1.99
2.03
1.98
1.89
1.78
1.87
4.9
DE
237.80
280.71
310.10
330.02
343.45
341.53
-0.6
DE
101.70
70.50
82.68
95.42 107.01 114.62 115.65
0.9
EE
1.55
3.93
5.82
5.55
6.42
7.35
14.6
EE
6.98
3.85
8.10
10.64
10.42
8.43
5.94
-29.5
IE
5.50
12.28
17.91
17.45
19.02
17.40
-8.5
IE
0.59
0.60
0.49
0.30
0.21
0.13
0.10
-20.2
EL
24.00
29.00
32.50
34.00
27.79
28.85
3.8
EL
0.61
0.29
0.43
0.61
0.66
0.84
0.79
-5.9
ES
101.60
148.72
233.23
241.79
258.88
242.98
-6.1
ES
11.15
10.96
11.61
11.64
11.63
11.06
10.48
-5.3
FR
178.20
204.00
205.28
211.45
219.21
206.30
-5.9
FR
52.24
48.27
57.73
40.70
41.18
42.62
40.63
-4.7
IT
174.43
184.68
211.80
187.07
179.41
175.00
-2.5
IT
19.36
21.69
22.82
22.76
24.15
25.29
23.83
-5.8
CY
1.20
1.31
1.39
1.17
1.20
1.31
8.8
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
1.83
4.79
8.39
10.75
13.20
12.34
-6.5
LV
18.54
9.76
13.31
19.78
16.83
18.31
19.58
6.9
LT
5.20
7.77
15.91
18.13
20.28
20.42
0.7
LT
19.26
7.20
8.92
12.46
12.90
14.37
14.75
2.6
LU
5.50
7.61
8.80
8.81
9.56
10.53
10.2
LU
0.62
0.53
0.63
0.39
0.44
0.29
0.28
-2.8
HU
13.80
19.12
25.15
30.48
35.81
35.76
-0.1
HU
16.80
8.40
8.80
9.09
10.17
10.05
9.87
-1.7
MT
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.0
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
67.10
79.57
84.16
83.19
77.92
78.16
0.3
NL
3.07
3.10
4.52
5.87
6.29
7.22
6.98
-3.2
AT
26.50
35.12
37.04
39.19
37.40
34.33
-8.2
AT
12.16
13.20
16.60
18.96
20.98
21.37
21.92
2.5
PL
51.20
75.02
111.83
128.32
150.88
164.93
9.3
PL
81.60
68.20
54.00
49.97
53.62
54.25
52.04
-4.1
PT
32.00
38.91
42.61
44.84
46.20
39.09
-15.4
PT
1.46
2.02
2.18
2.42
2.43
2.59
2.55
-1.4
RO
19.70
14.29
51.53
57.29
59.52
56.39
-5.3
RO
48.91
17.91
16.35
16.58
15.79
15.76
15.24
-3.3
SI
3.30
5.30
11.03
12.11
13.73
16.26
18.4
SI
4.21
3.08
2.86
3.25
3.37
3.60
3.52
-2.3
SK
15.90
14.34
22.57
22.21
27.16
29.28
7.8
SK
13.80
11.23
9.46
9.99
9.65
9.30
-3.6
FI
24.50
31.98
31.86
29.72
29.81
29.86
0.2
FI
8.36
9.60
10.11
9.71
11.06
10.43
10.78
3.3
SE
31.60
35.62
38.58
39.92
40.54
42.37
4.5
SE
19.10
19.39
19.48
21.68
22.27
23.25
23.12
-0.6
UK
161.50
165.62
167.53
172.18
171.48
163.00
-4.9
UK
16.00
13.30
18.10
22.32
27.37
26.38
24.83
-5.9
HR
2.86
9.33
10.18
10.50
11.05
5.2
HR
1.97
1.79
2.84
3.31
3.57
3.31
-7.3
MK
3.50
5.58
8.30
5.94
3.98
-33.0
MK
0.50
0.53
0.61
0.78
0.74
-4.5
TR (1)
112.50
161.55
166.83
177.40
181.33
181.94
0.3
TR
7.89
8.51
9.76
9.08
9.54
9.76
10.55
8.2
IS
0.50
0.60
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.80
-3.0
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
9.70
15.13
18.25
19.39
19.38
20.60
6.3
NO
2.60
2.70
3.00
3.15
3.35
3.50
3.62
3.4
CH (2)
9.11
9.79
9.98
10.09
10.31
10.28
-0.3
CH
9.05
8.86
11.08
11.68
12.47
11.95
12.27
2.6
Notes: (*) Including cross-trade and cabotage;
Notes: CS: 1990: 59.4 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals).
Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
(1) TR: national transport only;
(2) CH: in contrast to the data for other countries, the Swiss data do not
include that part of international journeys by Swiss hauliers that takes
place outside Switzerland.
112
113
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , U n i o n
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s (C H , M K ) , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 6 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2 . 7
Inland Waterways
Pipelines (Oil)
thousand mio tkm
%
thousand mio tkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
118.3
122.1 133.9 138.7 138.5 147.0 145.3
-1.2
EU-27
114.9 126.7 135.9 135.2 126.9 124.1
-2.2
EU-15
107.0
114.6
127.4
126.2
126.6
132.2
130.0
-1.7
EU-15
71.7
80.2
86.2
90.0
90.0
87.0
87.5
0.5
EU-12
11.4
7.5
6.5
12.4
11.8
14.7
15.2
3.4
EU-12
34.7
40.5
46.0
45.2
39.9
36.6
-8.2
BE
5.39
5.73
7.22
8.57
8.91
9.01
8.75
-2.9
BE
1.02
1.37
1.62
1.52
1.57
1.49
1.45
-3.0
BG
1.61
0.53
0.31
0.76
0.79
3.01
2.89
-4.0
BG
0.64
0.41
0.38
0.35
0.36
0.42
0.42
0.0
CZ
0.28
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.03
-22.2
CZ
2.28
1.61
2.26
2.29
2.08
2.32
11.4
DK
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DK
2.02
3.11
4.69
5.13
4.87
4.63
4.21
-9.0
DE
54.80
63.98
66.47
64.10
63.98
64.72
64.06
-1.0
DE
13.30
14.76
15.03
16.74
15.84
15.82
15.94
0.7
EE
0.00
0.00
-
-
-
-
-
EE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EL
-
-
-
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.0
ES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ES
4.22
5.89
7.47
9.23
9.22
8.94
9.14
2.3
FR
7.58
6.63
9.11
8.91
9.01
9.21
8.90
-3.4
FR
19.60
22.27
21.67
20.86
22.20
21.14
20.92
-1.1
IT
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.08
-18.3
IT
9.20
9.65
10.32
11.42
11.45
11.39
11.62
2.1
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
5.32
6.47
3.38
3.63
2.71
2.10
-22.6
LT
0.16
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
15.0
LT
2.01
3.46
4.41
2.67
1.03
0.53
-48.9
LU
0.36
0.34
0.38
0.34
0.38
0.35
0.37
6.4
LU
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HU
2.04
1.21
0.89
2.11
1.91
2.21
2.25
1.7
HU
5.29
2.18
2.26
2.68
3.04
2.99
2.97
-0.4
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
35.66
35.46
41.27
42.23
42.22
46.00
45.30
-1.5
NL
4.87
5.28
5.87
5.94
5.83
5.58
5.97
6.9
AT
1.66
2.05
2.44
1.75
1.84
2.60
2.36
-9.2
AT
6.37
6.77
7.56
7.78
7.64
7.23
7.52
4.1
PL
1.03
0.88
1.17
0.33
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.0
PL
13.89
13.49
20.35
25.39
25.59
23.51
21.25
-9.6
PT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PT
-
0.50
0.48
0.45
0.48
0.45
-5.8
RO
2.09
3.11
2.63
8.44
8.16
8.19
8.69
6.0
RO
5.06
2.94
1.39
2.21
2.03
1.85
1.72
-7.0
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SK
1.47
1.38
0.74
0.65
1.00
1.10
9.7
SK
6.10
4.60
5.30
5.60
5.30
5.30
0.0
FI
1.10
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.07
0.10
0.08
-20.8
FI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
UK
0.30
0.20
0.21
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
-8.0
UK
11.10
11.10
11.42
10.78
10.78
10.23
10.18
-0.5
HR
0.50
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.08
-27.5
HR
3.60
0.43
1.51
1.26
1.41
1.31
-7.0
MK
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MK
-
-
-
0.14
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.0
TR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TR
3.20
53.13
5.74
5.84
12.89
36.40
182.3
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
2.06
5.26
3.49
4.59
4.53
4.19
3.83
-8.7
CH
0.20
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.04
-5.8
CH
1.20
1.25
0.22
0.23
0.26
0.22
0.25
14.3
Notes: FI: only shipborne transport (i.e. no floating);
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable;
CS: 1990: 4.42 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals).
in most countries, only pipelines longer than 40km are included.
CS: 1990: 7.5;
DE: from 1995 onwards: only crude oil (i.e. no refined petroleum products).
114
115
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
S o u rce : N a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
Fo r u m , Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 8 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3
3 . 3 . 1
USA
EU-27 Performance by Mode
PERFORMANCE BY MODE OF TRANSPORT: FREIGHT
for Passenger Transport – 1995-2008
thousand mio tkm
billion passenger-kilometres
INLAND
ROAD 1
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
TOTAL
1990
1 239.0
1 554.0
515.8
852.8
4 161.6
1995
1 509.4
1 922.8
534.4
877.6
4 844.2
1996
1 550.2
2 010.5
518.5
904.0
4 983.2
4 500
1997
1 621.1
2 031.0
520.0
900.1
5 072.2
PASSENGER CARS
1998
1 663.8
2 114.6
520.6
904.9
5 203.8
1999
1 717.2
2 195.3
528.2
901.8
5 342.5
2000
1 741.2
2 257.6
526.2
842.8
5 367.9
4 000
2001
1 771.0
2 335.0
504.7
841.1
5 451.8
2002
1 818.2
2 344.0
506.7
855.8
5 524.7
2003
1 846.2
2 341.2
475.8
861.7
5 524.9
2004
1 870.8
2 459.2
496.1
875.4
5 701.5
3 500
2005
1 885.3
2 530.6
476.4
886.9
5 779.2
2006
1 885.2
2 709.6
486.0
848.7
5 929.4
2007
1 922.9
2 656.6
472.3
814.2
5 866.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
3 000
% PER YEAR
INLAND
AIR
ROAD 1
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
TOTAL
2001
1.7
3.4
-4.1
-0.2
1.6
2002
2.7
0.4
0.4
1.8
1.3
500
2003
1.5
-0.1
-6.1
0.7
0.0
BUS AND COACH
2004
1.3
5.0
4.3
1.6
3.2
2005
0.8
2.9
-4.0
1.3
1.4
2006
0.0
7.1
2.0
-4.3
2.6
400
2007
2.0
-2.0
-2.8
-4.1
-1.1
1990 - 1995
4.0
4.4
0.7
0.6
3.1
1995 - 2000
2.9
3.3
-0.3
-0.8
2.1
2000 - 2007
1.4
2.4
-1.5
-0.5
1.3
RAILWAY
300
MODAL SPLIT
%
INLAND
200
ROAD 1
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
1990
29.8
37.3
12.4
20.5
POWERED 2WHEELERS
1995
31.2
39.7
11.0
18.1
2000
32.4
42.1
9.8
15.7
100
TRAM AND METRO
2001
32.5
42.8
9.3
15.4
2002
32.9
42.4
9.2
15.5
2003
33.4
42.4
8.6
15.6
2004
32.8
43.1
8.7
15.4
0
2005
32.6
43.8
8.2
15.3
SEA
2006
31.8
45.7
8.2
14.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2007
32.8
45.3
8.1
13.9
Notes: (1) Intercity truck traffic only.
116
117
S o u rce : U S D e p a r t m e n t o f Tra n s p o r t a t i o n
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 3 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 6 , 3 . 3 . 7 , e s t i m a te s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 2
3 . 3 . 3
Modal Split of Passenger Transport
EU-27 Performance by Mode
on Land by Country – 2007
PASSENGER TRANSPORT
passenger-km in %
thousand mio pkm
PASSENGER
BUS AND
CARS
COACH
RAILWAYS
TRAM & METRO
TRAM
PASSEN
BUS AND
AND
EU-27
81.9
9.5
7.1
1.5
GER CARS
P2W
COACH RAILWAY METRO
AIR
SEA
TOTAL
EU-15
82.6
8.8
7.3
1.3
1995
3 893
122
500
351
71
346
44
5 327
EU-12
77.3
13.6
6.1
3.0
1996
3 961
124
504
349
72
366
44
5 419
BE
77.7
14.3
7.3
0.7
1997
4 039
126
505
351
73
390
44
5 527
BG
72.2
23.1
3.9
0.8
1998
4 137
129
513
351
74
409
43
5 655
CZ
69.3
15.4
6.5
8.8
1999
4 240
133
515
359
75
425
43
5 789
DK
79.3
11.0
9.4
0.3
2000
4 322
135
518
371
77
457
42
5 921
DE
84.1
6.3
8.1
1.6
2001
4 406
138
520
373
78
453
42
6 009
EE
78.9
18.4
2.1
0.6
2002
4 480
138
519
366
78
445
42
6 068
IE
83.6
12.8
3.4
0.2
2003
4 511
142
520
362
79
463
41
6 119
EL
79.7
17.6
1.3
1.3
2004
4 570
145
527
368
82
493
41
6 226
ES
78.8
14.1
5.6
1.5
2005
4 564
148
528
377
82
527
40
6 266
FR
83.1
5.6
9.8
1.5
2006
4 680
152
528
389
84
549
40
6 422
IT
81.8
11.8
5.7
0.7
2007
4 760
152
542
395
86
572
41
6 549
CY
81.2
18.8
-
-
2008
4 725
155
547
409
89
561
41
6 527
LV
82.1
12.0
4.6
1.2
'95/'08
21.4 %
26.9 %
9.4 %
16.7 %
25.1 %
62.1 %
-7.9 %
22.5 %
LT
90.9
8.2
1.0
-
/year
1.5 %
1.8 %
0.7 %
1.2 %
1.7 %
3.8 %
-0.6 %
1.6 %
LU
84.2
11.4
4.3
-
'00/'08
9.3 %
15.4 %
5.5 %
10.4 %
15.3 %
22.8 %
-1.9 %
10.2 %
HU
59.8
25.1
11.8
3.3
/year
1.1 %
1.8 %
0.7 %
1.2 %
1.8 %
2.6 %
-0.2 %
1.2 %
MT
80.8
19.2
-
-
'07/'08
-0.7 %
1.9 %
0.9 %
3.5 %
3.5 %
-1.9 %
-0.2 %
-0.3 %
NL
83.0
7.1
9.0
0.9
MODAL SPLIT
AT
75.1
9.8
11.1
4.1
PL
%
84.1
8.2
6.2
1.4
PT
84.3
10.6
4.1
1.1
TRAM
RO
71.8
14.1
7.0
7.1
PASSEN
BUS AND
AND
GER CARS
P2W
COACH RAILWAY METRO
AIR
SEA
SI
86.2
10.9
2.9
-
1995
73.1
2.3
9.4
6.6
1.3
6.5
0.8
SK
69.8
23.1
6.1
1.0
1996
73.1
2.3
9.3
6.4
1.3
6.8
0.8
FI
83.9
10.0
5.4
0.7
1997
73.1
2.3
9.1
6.3
1.3
7.1
0.8
SE
81.7
7.3
9.1
1.9
1998
73.2
2.3
9.1
6.2
1.3
7.2
0.8
UK
85.6
6.6
6.6
1.2
1999
73.2
2.3
8.9
6.2
1.3
7.3
0.7
HR
80.5
12.2
5.4
1.9
2000
73.0
2.3
8.8
6.3
1.3
7.7
0.7
MK
78.3
19.4
2.3
-
2001
73.3
2.3
8.7
6.2
1.3
7.5
0.7
TR
2002
73.8
2.3
8.6
6.0
1.3
7.3
0.7
IS
88.6
11.4
-
-
2003
73.7
2.3
8.5
5.9
1.3
7.6
0.7
NO
87.7
6.8
4.7
0.8
2004
73.4
2.3
8.5
5.9
1.3
7.9
0.7
CH
78.3
5.3
15.1
1.3
2005
72.8
2.4
8.4
6.0
1.3
8.4
0.6
Notes: If powered two-wheelers are included, they account for 2.6 %
2006
72.9
2.4
8.2
6.1
1.3
8.5
0.6
of the total in EU-27 (2.8 % in EU-15, 1.8 % in EU-12), while the share
of the other modes becomes:
2007
72.7
2.3
8.3
6.0
1.3
8.7
0.6
2008
72.4
2.4
8.4
6.3
1.4
8.6
0.6
EU-27
79.7
9.2
6.9
1.5
EU-15
80.4
8.6
7.1
1.3
Notes: Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport;
provisional estimates.
EU-12
75.9
13.4
6.0
2.9
P2W: Powered 2-wheelers.
118
119
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 3 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 6 , 3 . 3 . 7 , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 3 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 6 , 3 . 3 . 7
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 3 . 4 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 5
Passenger Cars
Buses & Coaches
thousand mio pkm
%
thousand mio pkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
3 893.0 4 322.0 4 563.5 4 679.5 4 760.0 4 725.0
-0.7
EU-27
557.5 499.8 518.2 528.5 527.8 542.0 546.7
0.9
EU-15
3 129.1 3 549.3 3 890.1 4 042.9 4 122.3 4 177.0 4 098.7
-1.9
EU-15
368.7 378.7 402.9 417.6 418.1 433.0 436.4
0.8
EU-12
343.7 431.9 520.6 557.3 582.9 626.3
7.4
EU-12
188.8 121.2 115.4 110.9 109.7 109.0 110.3
1.3
BE
90.18
98.20 105.53 108.88 109.80 112.08 110.90
-1.1
BE
11.37
13.12
13.30
17.52
18.08
20.22
20.37
0.7
BG
25.00
26.90
35.10
37.60
40.40
43.20
6.9
BG
25.96
11.57
14.59
13.69
12.94
13.57
13.84
2.0
CZ
54.50
63.94
68.64
69.63
71.54
72.38
1.2
CZ
18.60
16.17
15.61
16.02
16.12
16.09
-0.2
DK
47.65
48.69
51.21
50.75
51.57
52.91
52.86
-0.1
DK
6.44
7.28
7.42
7.29
7.37
7.38
7.33
-0.7
DE
683.10 815.30 831.27 856.88 863.33 868.00 852.27
-1.8
DE
73.10
68.50
69.00
67.06
66.18
65.37
63.52
-2.8
EE
5.14
6.68
9.93
9.95
10.00
10.50
5.0
EE
4.45
2.05
2.63
2.72
2.88
2.68
2.45
-8.4
IE
28.51
31.56
38.38
43.39
45.14
47.47
49.03
3.3
IE
3.86
5.15
6.11
6.70
6.90
7.30
7.50
2.7
EL
35.00
44.00
63.00
85.00
90.00
95.00 100.00
5.3
EL
17.72
20.22
21.70
21.70
21.80
22.00
22.10
0.5
ES
174.40 250.37 302.61 337.80 340.94 343.29 339.10
-1.2
ES
33.36
39.60
50.28
53.18
49.37
59.16
60.90
2.9
FR
585.59 640.13 699.64 727.36 723.79 727.82 720.17
-1.1
FR
41.28
41.59
42.97
44.15
44.87
47.11
48.55
3.1
IT
522.59 614.71 726.53 688.99 744.86 768.35 719.56
-6.3
IT
83.96
87.15
93.55 101.22 103.05 102.96
103.91
0.9
CY
3.40
3.90
4.80
5.00
5.30
5.75
8.5
CY
0.80
1.00
1.12
1.26
1.28
1.30
1.33
2.3
LV
7.50
11.50
12.11
14.02
15.96
17.00
6.5
LV
5.86
1.84
2.35
2.89
2.78
2.64
2.49
-5.9
LT
16.00
26.00
34.79
39.47
39.12
38.00
-2.9
LT
7.89
4.17
2.76
3.69
3.70
3.62
3.42
-5.5
LU
4.00
4.70
5.60
6.30
6.50
6.60
6.70
1.5
LU
0.48
0.54
0.62
0.80
0.82
0.86
0.91
5.8
HU
47.00
45.40
46.18
46.60
46.85
41.42
42.00
1.4
HU
19.26
16.61
18.73
17.85
17.93
17.15
17.65
3.0
MT
1.70
1.80
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.4
MT
0.40
0.41
0.46
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.51
1.0
NL
137.30 131.40 141.10 148.80 148.00 148.80 147.00
-1.2
NL
13.00
12.00
11.25
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50
2.0
AT
55.68
62.16
66.67
70.56
70.89
72.02
73.28
1.7
AT
7.97
8.70
9.22
9.32
9.22
9.79
9.55
-2.4
PL
110.70 149.70 197.30 219.24 239.26 273.50
14.3
PL
46.30
34.02
31.74
29.31
28.15
27.36
26.79
-2.1
PT
40.00
52.50
71.00
85.00
86.00
86.60
87.00
0.5
PT
10.30
11.30
11.82
11.10
10.56
10.88
10.93
0.5
RO
40.00
51.00
61.00
64.10
67.50
70.50
4.4
RO
24.01
12.34
12.00
11.81
11.74
12.16
13.88
14.2
SI
13.32
16.34
20.33
22.51
23.01
24.34
24.88
2.2
SI
6.51
4.11
3.50
3.06
3.13
3.24
3.15
-2.8
SK
17.98
23.93
25.82
26.34
25.99
26.40
1.5
SK
14.44
9.32
8.54
8.68
8.65
8.75
1.1
FI
51.20
50.00
55.70
61.91
62.46
63.79
63.40
-0.6
FI
8.50
8.00
7.70
7.54
7.54
7.54
7.54
0.0
SE
85.95
87.62
91.87
97.31
96.99
99.32
98.42
-0.9
SE
9.66
9.70
9.45
8.76
8.87
8.65
8.76
1.2
UK
588.00 618.00 640.00 674.00 682.00 685.00
679.00
-0.9
UK
47.70
45.80
48.50
49.50
51.50
51.50
52.00
1.0
HR
12.50
20.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
3.8
HR
7.00
4.05
3.33
3.40
3.54
3.81
4.09
7.5
MK
3.70
4.20
4.50
4.60
4.70
5.00
6.4
MK
0.90
0.90
1.09
1.02
1.03
1.24
20.6
TR
34.33
52.65
79.00 100.00 108.00 114.00 120.00
5.3
TR
85.67
87.39
95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00
4.8
IS
3.03
3.77
4.56
4.87
5.08
4.94
-2.6
IS
0.39
0.49
0.59
0.62
0.65
0.64
-2.6
NO
43.50
44.73
51.17
54.03
54.94
56.67
57.74
1.9
NO
3.89
3.75
4.14
4.31
4.26
4.27
4.36
2.2
CH
73.27
73.49
78.63
81.42
81.89
82.49
83.57
1.3
CH
3.32
5.53
5.26
5.69
6.01
6.14
6.10
-0.6
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable.
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable.
Many data for 2008 are provisional.
Many data for 2008 are provisional.
BE: include pkm by vehicles registered as light goods vehicles
CS: 1990: 43.4 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals);
but used as personal cars;
RO: data include only regular interurban transport;
UK: data refer to Great Britain only; include pkm by vans.
UK: GB data + 1.5 bln pkm throughout to account for Northern Ireland.
120
121
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
s t u d y fo r D G E n e rg y a n d Tra n s p o r t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 3 . 6 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 7
Tram & Metro
Railways
thousand mio pkm
%
thousand mio pkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
71.1
77.1
82.4
84.2
85.9
89.0
3.5
EU-27
400.7
350.5
370.7
377.0
388.9
395.3
409.2
3.5
EU-15
49.0
48.8
54.7
59.9
61.6
63.2
64.7
2.4
EU-15
268.9
276.1
309.4
327.4
338.5
345.2
359.9
4.3
EU-12
22.3
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.7
24.3
6.8
EU-12
131.8
74.4
61.4
49.6
50.3
50.1
49.3
-1.6
BE
0.74
0.80
0.87
0.93
0.95
0.97
1.00
3.1
BE
6.54
6.76
7.73
9.15
9.61
9.93
10.40
4.7
BG
0.59
0.28
0.42
0.43
0.45
0.44
0.49
9.7
BG
7.79
4.69
3.47
2.39
2.42
2.42
2.34
-3.7
CZ
7.69
8.07
7.93
7.80
7.75
9.14
18.0
CZ
13.31
8.02
7.30
6.67
6.92
6.90
6.80
-1.4
DK
-
-
-
0.16
0.16
0.18
0.20
10.2
DK
5.05
4.89
5.54
5.97
6.11
6.18
6.28
1.7
DE
15.10
14.43
14.60
15.49
15.57
15.92
16.19
1.7
DE
61.02
70.98
75.40
74.95
77.80
79.10
81.76
3.4
EE
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
-4.2
EE
1.51
0.42
0.26
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.1
IE
-
-
-
0.11
0.11
0.18
0.14
-19.4
IE
1.23
1.29
1.39
1.78
1.87
2.01
1.98
-1.5
EL
0.83
0.74
1.19
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.66
3.7
EL
1.98
1.57
1.89
1.85
1.81
1.93
1.66
-14.3
ES
4.38
4.25
5.23
6.00
6.20
6.40
6.50
1.6
ES
15.48
16.58
20.14
21.62
22.11
21.86
23.97
9.7
FR
10.18
8.93
10.85
12.44
12.73
12.64
13.33
5.4
FR
63.74
55.56
69.87
76.47
78.79
80.31
84.97
5.8
IT
4.21
5.27
5.61
6.03
6.27
6.62
6.47
-2.2
IT
44.71
46.65
49.57
50.47
50.89
49.68
49.80
0.2
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
0.73
0.30
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.26
-7.6
LV
5.37
1.37
0.72
0.89
0.99
0.98
0.95
-3.3
LT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LT
3.64
1.13
0.61
0.43
0.43
0.41
0.40
-2.7
LU
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LU
0.21
0.29
0.33
0.27
0.30
0.32
0.35
9.2
HU
2.50
2.57
2.35
2.28
2.28
2.34
2.4
HU
11.40
8.44
9.69
9.85
9.66
8.75
8.29
-5.2
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
1.26
1.38
1.43
1.50
1.50
1.52
1.55
2.0
NL
11.06
16.35
14.67
15.15
15.89
16.33
16.00
-2.0
AT
2.80
3.30
3.58
3.77
3.87
3.87
3.96
2.4
AT
8.91
10.12
8.74
9.06
9.30
9.42
10.84
15.1
PL
5.00
4.70
4.40
4.45
4.60
4.60
0.0
PL
50.37
26.64
24.09
18.16
18.55
19.86
20.19
1.7
PT
0.67
0.53
0.53
0.85
0.99
1.05
1.09
4.3
PT
5.66
4.81
4.03
3.81
3.88
3.99
4.21
5.7
RO
6.00
6.00
6.60
6.80
6.90
7.00
1.4
RO
30.58
18.88
11.63
7.99
8.09
7.48
6.88
-8.0
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SI
1.43
0.60
0.71
0.78
0.80
0.81
0.83
2.7
SK
0.44
0.35
0.39
0.38
0.39
0.37
-7.0
SK
6.38
4.20
2.87
2.18
2.21
2.17
2.30
6.1
FI
0.35
0.39
0.50
0.53
0.52
0.52
0.53
2.3
FI
3.33
3.18
3.41
3.48
3.54
3.78
4.05
7.3
SE
2.01
1.94
1.98
2.01
2.14
2.20
2.24
1.6
SE
6.60
6.84
8.24
8.94
9.62
10.26
11.02
7.4
UK
6.50
6.81
8.30
8.64
9.07
9.54
9.84
3.1
UK
33.40
30.27
38.41
44.42
47.04
50.17
52.68
5.0
HR
0.53
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.66
0.62
-5.7
HR
3.43
1.14
1.25
1.27
1.36
1.61
1.81
12.4
MK
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MK
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.15
35.8
TR
TR
6.41
5.80
5.83
5.04
5.28
5.55
5.10
-8.2
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
0.42
0.38
0.50
0.52
0.51
0.54
0.57
6.9
NO
2.10
2.38
2.64
2.72
2.83
2.97
3.06
3.0
CH
1.50
1.40
1.46
1.47
1.53
1.56
1.9
CH
12.68
11.71
12.62
16.14
16.58
17.43
18.03
3.4
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable across countries.
FR: data refer to the Paris Metro and RER (Réseau Express Régional) systems
and to metros in other French cities;
PT: data refer only to Lisbon and Porto Metro.
122
123
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f Pu b l i c Tra n s p o r t ,
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e
s t u d y fo r D G E n e rg y a n d Tra n s p o r t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 3 . 8 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 9
Rail
USA
HIGH SPEED RAIL TRANSPORT * 1
PERFORMANCE BY MODE OF TRANSPORT: PASSENGERS
thousand mio pkm
%
thousand mio pkm
LIGHT AND
72
PASSENGER MOTOR
COMMUTER
CARS *
CYCLES
RAILWAY
BUS
RAIL
AIR
TOTAL
BE
CZ
DE
ES
FR
IT
NL
PT
SI
FI
SE
UK
EU
CHANGE
1990
5 280.5
20.0
28.2
195.7
12.3
556.6 6 093.3
1990
-
-
-
- 14.92
0.30
-
-
-
-
0.01
- 15.23
1995
5 702.0
17.3
25.9
219.3
14.7
650.0 6 629.2
1996
5 850.6
17.6
26.7
224.2
15.0
699.5 6 833.5
1991
-
-
2.00
- 17.87
0.40
-
-
-
-
0.09
- 20.36
33.7
1997
6 021.7
17.8
27.7
233.8
14.6
725.2 7 040.9
1992
-
-
5.20
0.40 18.96
0.40
-
-
-
-
0.15
- 25.11
23.3
1998
6 186.9
18.2
28.3
239.4
15.8
745.5 7 234.2
1993
-
-
7.00
0.90 18.93
0.50
-
-
-
-
0.27
- 27.60
9.9
1999
6 320.7
18.7
29.3
261.7
16.0
785.9 7 432.5
2000
6 456.9
18.5
31.1
259.3
17.3
855.1 7 638.2
1994
-
-
8.20
0.90 20.51
0.80
-
-
-
-
0.31
30.72 11.3
2001
6 816.1
18.9
31.8
241.8
17.7
808.5 7 934.8
1995
-
-
8.70
1.29 21.43
1.10
-
-
-
-
0.42
32.94
7.2
2002
6 912.4
19.5
30.8
233.9
17.6
778.0 7 992.2
2003
6 997.4
19.6
31.0
231.7
17.8
813.1 8 110.6
1996
0.32
-
8.85
1.10 24.79
1.30
0.03
-
-
0.02
1.10
37.52 13.9
2004
7 188.3
20.7
32.0
232.3
18.2
897.8 8 389.3
1997
0.56
- 10.07
1.30 27.58
2.40
0.07
-
-
0.05
1.33
43.36 15.6
2005
7 248.7
21.4
31.9
238.4
18.0
939.5 8 497.9
2006
7 318.9
24.6
32.4
231.7
19.7
947.0 8 574.3
1998
0.79
- 10.16
1.52 29.98
3.64
0.09
-
-
0.06
1.61
47.83 10.3
2007
7 356.0
27.8
35.3
238.4
21.0
977.8 8 656.3
1999
0.80
- 11.59
1.67 32.36
4.46
0.10
-
-
0.05
1.81
52.86 10.5
2008
7 201.8
29.6
37.1
243.0
21.1
939.1 8 471.6
2000
0.87
- 13.93
1.94 34.75
5.09
0.11
-
-
0.07
2.05
58.80 11.2
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
2001
0.89
- 15.52
2.08 37.40
6.76
0.19
-
-
0.06
2.23
65.13 10.8
% PER YEAR
2002
0.91
- 15.26
2.18 39.86
7.08
0.20
-
-
0.14
2.39
68.01
4.4
LIGHT AND
2003
0.88
- 17.46
2.03 39.60
7.43
0.66
-
-
0.20
2.40
70.66
3.9
PASSENGER MOTOR
COMMUTER
2004
0.94
0.00 19.60
2.09 41.44
7.93
0.66
0.44
-
0.16
2.42
0.44 76.11
7.7
CARS *
CYCLES
RAILWAY
BUS
RAIL
AIR
TOTAL
2002
1.4
3.2
-3.1
-3.3
-0.4
-3.8
0.7
2005
0.98
0.01 20.85
2.32 43.13
8.55
0.69
0.49
-
0.31
2.33
0.45 80.11
5.3
2003
1.2
0.3
0.8
-0.9
0.9
4.5
1.5
2006
1.00
0.15 21.64
2.70 44.85
8.91
0.73
0.51
-
0.44
2.49
0.90 84.32
5.2
2004
2.7
5.7
3.0
0.3
2.4
10.4
3.4
2005
0.8
3.3
-0.3
2.6
-1.1
4.6
1.3
2007
1.02
0.33 21.92
2.59 47.97
8.82
0.80
0.51
-
0.58
2.78
1.39 88.70
5.2
2006
1.0
15.3
1.7
-2.8
9.4
0.8
0.9
2008
1.08
0.25 23.33
5.48 52.56
8.88
0.87
0.53
0.01
0.62
2.99
0.99 97.60
10.0
2007
0.5
13.0
8.9
2.9
6.9
3.2
1.0
2008
-2.1
6.3
5.0
1.9
0.3
-4.0
-2.1
'90/'95
1.5
-2.8
-1.7
2.3
3.5
3.1
1.7
SHARE OF HIGH SPEED RAIL TRANSPORT
'95/'00
2.5
1.3
3.7
3.4
3.4
5.6
2.9
IN TOTAL PASSENGERKILOMETRES IN RAIL TRANSPORT **
'00/'08
1.4
6.0
2.2
-0.8
2.5
1.2
1.3
%
MODAL SPLIT
%
BE
CZ
DE
ES
FR
IT
NL
PT
SI
FI
SE
UK EU27
LIGHT AND
2000 11.2
18.5
9.6 49.7 10.3
0.8
2.1 24.8
15.9
PASSENGER MOTOR
COMMUTER
2001 11.1
20.5 10.0 52.3 13.5
1.3
1.8 25.5
17.5
CARS *
CYCLES
RAILWAY
BUS
RAIL
AIR
1990
86.7 0.3 0.5 3.2 0.2 9.1
2002 11.0
21.5 10.3 54.2 14.4
1.4
4.1 26.9
18.6
1995
86.0 0.3 0.4 3.3 0.2 9.8
2003 10.6
24.5
9.6 55.2 15.3
4.8
6.0 27.2
19.5
2000
84.5 0.2 0.4 3.4 0.2 11.2
2001
85.9 0.2 0.4 3.0 0.2 10.2
2004 10.8
0.0 27.0 10.2 55.8 16.1
4.5 11.8
4.8 28.0
1.0
20.7
2002
86.5 0.2 0.4 2.9 0.2 9.7
2005 10.7
0.1 27.8 10.7 56.4 16.9
4.5 12.9
8.9 26.1
1.0
21.3
2003
86.3 0.2 0.4 2.9 0.2 10.0
2004
85.7 0.2 0.4 2.8 0.2 10.7
2006 10.4
2.1 27.8 12.2 56.9 17.5
4.6 13.1
12.3 25.9
1.9
21.7
2005
85.3 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.2 11.1
2007 10.2
4.8 27.7 11.9 59.7 17.7
4.9 12.7
15.4 27.0
2.8
22.4
2006
85.4 0.3 0.4 2.7 0.2 11.0
2007
85.0 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.2 11.3
2008 10.4
3.7 28.5 22.9 61.9 17.8
5.4 12.5
1.7 15.4 27.2
1.9
23.9
2008
85.0 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.2 11.1
Notes: (1) In this table, high-speed rail transport covers all traffic with high-speed rolling
Notes: (*) Passenger Cars (2008: 4 109 billion pkm) and
stock (incl. tilting trains able to run 200 km/h). This does not necessarily require
other 2-axle 4-tyre vehicles (2008: 3 093 billion pkm).
high-speed infrastructure as defined in table 3.5.4.
Air: up until 2001: including General aviation.
124
125
S o u rce : ( * ) U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r,
S o u rce : U. S . D e p a r t m e n t o f Tra n s p o r t a t i o n
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s ) ; ( * * ) t a b l e 3 . 3 . 7
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1
Air
Air
PASSENGER TRAFFIC BETWEEN MEMBER STATES
PASSENGER TRAFFIC BETWEEN MEMBER STATES
2008
TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED *
INCLUDING DOMESTIC FLIGHTS THOUSAND
PARTNER
REPORTER
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
BE
48.0
146.8
309. 3
474.9 1 376. 5
30. 5
398.9
773.8 3 545.9 1 293.3 2 298.4
55.0
72 . 2
66 . 5
0 . 7
273 . 8
84 . 4
219 . 4
472 . 5
351. 7
744 . 6
184 . 8
101. 0
0 . 0
214 . 5
375 . 9 1 396 . 3
BG
144. 3
140. 8
305. 9
134. 2 1 269. 3
14. 3
90. 2
116.1
206.7
213.0
294.1
81. 2
11.1
7. 8
10 . 9
137. 0
15 . 3
145 . 9
395 . 8
138 . 6
10 . 0
31. 2
3 . 8
81. 6
104 . 3
123 . 9
953 . 4
CZ
307.0
300.9
271.1
272 . 3 1 104. 2
85.1
320.1
802 .8
837.1
846. 6
914.0
113. 9
79.6
91. 5
5 . 5
169 . 3
8 . 4
444 . 0
142 . 9
171.1
66 . 9
119 . 0
36 . 7
274 . 3
142 . 8
159 . 0 1 811. 4
DK
467.1
144. 5
274. 8 2 004.1 2 159. 5
146.8
250.6
657. 3 2 113.4 1 182. 3
873. 2
74. 7
176 .9
221. 4
76 . 3
171. 9
35 . 6
994 . 9
399 .1
395 .1
213 . 4
36 . 0
20 . 0
0 . 2
762 . 4 1 746 . 5 2 404 . 5
DE
1 357.4 1 252 .0 1 081.4 2 145. 3 25 183 .1
184.9 1 548 . 3 4 756 . 8 21 701. 8 6 994. 8 10 504.6
334.1
554. 2
464 . 4
207 .1 1 474 . 9
479 . 0 2 672 . 4 5 820 . 6 2 801. 8 2 503 . 4 1 108 .1
225 . 4
147 . 4 1 481. 3 2 591.1 11 025 . 6
EE
30. 3
14. 5
85.0
146.7
185. 9
21. 0
14.1
40. 7
67. 0
16. 7
45.1
0. 7
77. 7
83 . 2
0 . 3
86 . 5
29 . 7
14 . 3
10 . 3
0 . 0
0 . 5
174 . 0
163 . 6
158 .1
IE
399.4
104 .4
323. 3
250. 5 1 558. 9
13 .9
845. 3
154 . 7 3 544 .1 2 027. 2 1 158 . 5
40. 3
216 . 5
237 . 6
17 . 7
276 . 7
61 . 0
773 . 9
188 . 3 1 227 . 9
633 . 0
47 . 7
3 . 2
209 . 0
82 . 5
165 . 2 12 195 . 2
EL
757. 3
117.4
815. 4
654 .1 4 834 .1
40. 7
155 . 9 6 564 . 2
546 . 8 1 659 . 4 2 159 . 0 1 215.4
52 . 7
62 . 7
56 . 0
283 . 2
25 . 6 1 470 . 0
878 . 4
566 . 3
9 . 3
298 . 7
101. 3
159 . 2
353 . 6
711. 0 5 196 . 3
ES
3 588 .1
209. 3
868 .1 2 030 . 0 22 038 .4
66 . 8 3 519. 3
549. 2 40 791. 9 8 435. 0 9 909. 9
1. 6
63 . 6
69 . 7
237. 5
320 . 3
127. 2 4 891. 5 1 227. 5
649 . 2 2 822 . 8
905 . 9
23 . 4
86 . 7 1 002 . 0 2 152 . 2 34 773 .1
FR
1 233.6
212 . 2
845. 7 1 109. 0 7 108. 5
16 . 8 1 981. 0 1 554 . 9 8 401.7 26 933. 9 8 020. 5
113. 6
81. 4
58 . 6
119 .1
459 . 8
154 . 4 2 429 . 4 1 015 .1
785 .1 2 360 . 5
490 . 8
142 . 2
114 . 5
516 . 5 1 156 . 2 11 618 . 8
IT
2 306 .1
293 . 6
916.0
877.4 10 359 .4
44 .9 1 154 .7 2 188 . 3 9 852 . 6 8 257. 3 28 337. 9
84 .1
171. 3
107. 5
103 . 4
477. 7
516 .1 2 745 . 0 1 075 . 6
788 . 7 1 067. 4 1 657. 2
2 . 6
192 . 8
532 .1
739 . 4 10 693 . 9
CY
41. 5
81. 9
118 . 0
74 . 0
336. 2
1.1
38 . 9 1 215. 7
1.6
124 .4
84 .0
0 . 2
2 . 8
4 . 6
8 . 6
57. 8
26 . 7
104 . 2
172 . 6
62 . 8
0 .1
101. 6
1.1
6 . 4
63 .1
239 . 2 2 959 . 7
LV
70 . 8
10 . 6
79. 7
179 . 5
558 .1
78 .1
217. 2
52 .4
60 . 6
81. 5
169. 6
2 . 8
30 . 9
86 . 5
0 . 1
0 . 0
0 . 2
103 .1
63 . 0
33 . 4
0 . 5
0 . 3
0 .1
0 .1
240 . 0
217. 3
464 . 4
LT
59. 4
7. 9
91. 9
220 .4
258. 8
83.1
235. 2
62 .1
71. 5
60. 5
107. 2
4. 5
85. 9
0 . 2
0 . 0
1. 0
5 . 7
94 . 2
38 . 5
46 .1
1. 2
0 . 2
0 .1
104 . 4
47 . 6
356 . 9
LU
2 . 2
11. 8
5. 7
76 . 2
236 . 5
0.0
17.7
57. 0
234 . 8
122 . 0
103. 7
8 . 6
0 .1
0 . 0
0 . 3
0 . 0
4 . 6
74 . 4
64 . 3
0 . 0
131. 4
1. 6
0 . 2
0 . 0
0 . 0
3 .1
227. 2
HU
269 . 0
128 . 2
157. 8
170 . 8 1 428 . 3
0 . 0
258 . 8
275. 5
306 . 9
448 . 5
473 . 9
57. 7
0 . 0
1. 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
18 . 8
357.1
71. 9
120 . 5
55 . 3
265 . 7
21. 4
0 . 3
179 . 2
272 . 8 1 053 .1
MT
82 .4
15 . 8
8 .4
38 . 2
477.1
0 . 2
60 . 5
25. 3
126 .4
154 . 0
485 . 7
26 . 7
0 . 2
5 . 7
4 . 2
18 . 8
0 . 0
76 . 6
73 . 6
6 .1
4 . 6
8 .1
3 . 8
0 . 0
17. 2
57. 6 1 071. 3
NL
206 .4
146 .4
446 . 9
993 . 7 2 683 . 3
86.1
778 . 2 1 480 . 4 4 893 . 2 2 597. 9 2 746 . 2
103 . 8
103 . 7
93 . 0
74 . 9
358 . 7
76 . 2
43 . 6
603 . 8
379 . 3 1 028 . 5
302 . 0
29 . 3
0 . 4
427 .7 1 005 .1 7 678 . 7
AT
468 . 8
395 . 4
141. 3
396 . 5 5 824 . 9
29 . 8
186 . 5
872 . 4 1 205 . 7 1 011. 0 1 072 . 0
170 . 6
62 . 5
38 . 7
60 .1
72 . 3
60 . 6
600 . 5
701. 9
274 . 3
93 . 7
503 . 0
80 . 9
32 . 3
211. 5
340 . 8 1 808 . 8
PL
351.1
134 . 6
171. 3
390 . 7 2 789 . 4
14 . 2 1 040 . 9
545 . 2
653 . 3
808 . 4
800 . 5
62 . 8
33 . 2
46 . 2
0 .1
121. 2
5 . 9
378 . 0
272 . 3
957 . 3
65 . 6
60 . 3
12 . 9
1. 2
195 . 4
542 . 7 4 338 . 9
PT
752 . 3
10 .1
74 .1
209 . 8 2 539 . 2
10 . 8
641 . 8
8 . 2 2 891. 2 2 396 . 9 1 049 . 9
0 . 2
0 . 5
1. 3
150 .1
50 . 4
4 . 8 1 056 . 9
94 . 9
72 . 3 2 876 . 6
27. 4
0 . 2
0 . 8
123 . 4
175 . 5 5 473 .1
RO
174 . 4
34 . 5
119 .1
34 . 7 1 024 . 9
0 . 0
47. 4
292 . 8
865 . 2
446 . 6 1 531. 2
102 . 9
0 . 2
0 . 0
0 . 0
204 . 4
6 . 2
299 . 2
448 . 8
65 . 8
25 . 0
670 . 5
7. 5
0 . 2
27. 4
0 .1
477. 8
SI
100 . 8
3 . 9
36 . 5
19 . 7
226 . 4
0 .1
3 . 2
101. 9
22 . 4
142 . 8
2 .1
1.1
0.1
0 . 0
0 . 2
20 . 4
3 . 7
29 .1
82 .1
12 . 9
0 . 2
6 . 4
0 . 0
0 .1
27. 4
8 . 3
158 .1
SK
0 .1
71. 7
261. 7
0 . 2
146 . 3
0 . 2
206 . 2
156 .1
86 . 2
114 . 7
193 . 3
6 . 3
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 .1
0 . 0
0 . 7
32 . 3
1.1
0 . 9
0 . 2
0 .1
192 . 7
0 . 4
64 . 3
674 . 7
FI
212 . 0
104 . 9
137. 2
759 .1 1 481. 5
179 . 0
81. 0
346 . 9
989 . 9
516 . 5
532 . 0
60 . 9
236. 9
104 . 0
0 .1
177 . 3
14 . 9
426 . 2
210 . 7
194 . 0
121. 2
25 . 4
27. 4
0 . 3 2 729 .1 1 259 . 8
953 . 2
SE
373. 7
117. 4
158 . 3 1 666 . 3 2 574 . 0
169 . 5
165 .1
709 . 9 2 070 . 7 1 203 . 7
758 . 3
231. 8
217. 4
48 . 0
3 .1
272 . 7
57 . 3
962 . 9
340 . 0
545 . 6
178 . 3
0 . 2
8 .1
64 . 9 1 263 . 5 6 740 . 6 2 299 . 2
358 . 6
245 . 4 1 096 . 2 1 100 . 8 7 656 . 4 1 825 . 5 5 022 . 8 5 435 . 0
488 . 4
158 . 4
715 . 6
960 . 9 2 296 . 4 2 4 888 .5
UK
1 398 . 2
992 . 3 1 817. 0 2 401. 5 11 148 . 3
156 . 8 12 253 . 6 5 199 . 4 34 555 . 8 12 160 . 3 10 738 . 5 2 951. 2
464 . 2
Notes: (*) passengers carried are fewer than passengers on board, due to
transit passengers staying on board the aircraft not being counted.
126
127
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
3 . 4 . 2
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 3
Air
Air
MAJOR REGULAR EUROPEAN AIRLINES
PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS
DOMESTIC + INTERNATIONAL
PASSENGERS CARRIED *
THOUSAND MILLION REVENUE PASSENGERKILOMETRES
%
(arriving + departing + in transit)
MILLION PASSENGERS
%
ANKING
'07/'08
ANKING
'07/'08
R AIRLINE AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
R AIRPORT AND COUNTRY 2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Air France (1)
FR
91.848 115.879 123.336 128.754 131.657 2.3
1 London / Heathrow
UK
64.29
67.68
67.34
67.85
66.91
-1.4
2 Deutsche Lufthansa
DE
94.289 112.794 114.672 122.091 126.267 3.4
2 Paris / Charles de Gaulle FR
49.67
53.38
56.45
59.55
60.50
+1.6
3 British Airways
UK
119.385 110.939 114.896 118.348 115.734 -2.2
3 Frankfurt (Main)
DE
48.96
51.79
52.40
53.86
53.19
-1.2
KLM Royal
4 Madrid / Barajas
ES
32.71
41.72
45.06
51.21
50.37
-1.6
4
NL
60.331 68.322 71.769 74.496 77.530 4.1
Dutch Airlines (1)
5 Amsterdam / Schiphol NL
39.27
44.08
46.00
47.76
47.40
-0.7
5 Ryanair (2)
IE
4.989 32.560 39.801 48.147 56.500 17.3
6 Roma / Fiumicino
IT
25.94
27.78
28.95
32.40
34.81
+7.4
7 München
DE
22.87
28.45
30.61
33.82
34.40
+1.7
6 Iberia
ES
40.043 48.917 52.423 54.198 52.846 -2.5
8 London / Gatwick
UK
31.95
32.69
34.08
35.17
34.16
-2.9
7 Easyjet (3)
UK
4.730 27.448 31.621 36.976 47.690 29.0
9 Barcelona
ES
19.44
27.02
29.90
32.74
30.36
-7.3
8 Air Berlin
DE
7.813 20.530 42.770 46.070 44.310 -3.8
10 Paris / Orly
FR
23.83
24.85
25.60
26.42
26.19
-0.9
Virgin
9
UK
29.471 32.118 35.279 40.546 41.174 1.5
11 Dublin
IE
13.66
18.33
21.06
23.20
23.38
+0.8
Atlantic Airways
12 Palma de Mallorca
ES
19.25
21.22
22.40
23.17
22.81
-1.6
10 THY Turkish Airlines
TR
17.396 20.452 24.334 28.827 31.953 10.8
13 London / Stansted
UK
11.86
21.99
23.68
23.76
22.34
-6.0
11 Alitalia
IT
40.846 37.236 37.736 38.079 29.205
-23.3
14 København / Kastrup DK
18.11
19.82
20.69
21.29
21.69
+1.8
12 SWISS Intern. Airlines CH
3.481 20.471 22.076 25.106 28.140 12.1
15 Manchester
UK
18.32
22.08
22.12
21.89
21.06
-3.8
DK/
16 Wien / Schwechat
AT
11.91
15.80
16.81
18.72
19.69
+5.2
SAS
13
NO
22.922 27.724 27.506 27.304 27.890 2.1
Scandinavian Airlines
17 Milano / Malpensa
IT
20.55
19.49
21.62
23.63
19.01 -19.5
/SE
Brussel-Bruxelles /
18
BE
21.60
15.95
16.59
17.74
18.37
+3.5
14 TAP Portugal
PT
10.414 14.536 16.649 19.135 21.908 14.5
Brussels
15 Finnair
FI
7.467 11.174 12.658 15.563 16.708 7.4
19 Stockholm / Arlanda
SE
18.61
17.16
17.54
17.90
18.13
+1.2
16 Austrian Airlines
AT
8.799 18.835 19.890 17.427 16.458 -5.6
20 Düsseldorf
DE
15.91
15.39
16.51
17.78
18.10
+1.8
17 Aer Lingus
IE
8.900 13.100 13.363 14.807 16.277 9.9
Athinai /
21
EL
Eleftherios Venizelos
13.35
14.27
15.07
16.53
16.36
-1.0
bmi British
18
UK
4.484
5.558
8.652 9.724 10.325 6.2
22 Berlin / Tegel
DE
10.24
11.47
11.77
13.33
14.45
+8.4
Midland Airways
23 Lisboa
PT
9.21
11.24
12.28
13.39
13.60
+1.6
19 Spanair
ES
9.656
6.189
8.325 9.543 8.900
-6.7
24 Helsinki / Vantaa
FI
10.00
11.13
12.14
13.15
13.43
+2.2
20 SN Brussels Airlines
BE
2.347
4.559
4.851 7.555 7.365
-2.5
25 Hamburg
DE
9.82
10.57
11.87
12.69
12.78
+0.7
21 LOT Polish Airlines
PL
5.714
6.223
6.720 7.288 6.711
-7.9
26 Malaga
ES
9.36
12.61
13.04
13.57
12.75
-6.0
22 Olympic Airlines
EL
8.884
7.340
7.042 7.231 6.610
-8.6
27 Praha / Ruzyne
CZ
5.55
10.72
11.51
12.36
12.59
+1.8
23 CSA Czech Airlines
CZ
3.623
6.390
6.388 6.051 5.952
-1.6
28 Nice / Côte d'Azur
FR
9.33
9.74
9.93
10.38
10.36
-0.2
24 Air One
IT
3.153
3.345 4.081 4.229 3.6
29 Köln-Bonn
DE
6.19
9.39
9.81
10.40
10.30
-1.0
Malev
30 London / Luton
UK
6.16
9.13
9.41
9.92
10.17
+2.6
25
HU
3.556
3.732
4.140 4.165 4.062
-2.5
Hungarian Airlines
Las Palmas /
31
ES
9.12
9.69
9.97
10.04
9.98
-0.6
26 Icelandair
IS
4.113
4.307
4.254 4.354 3.829
-12.1
Gran Canaria
27 Cyprus Airways
CY
2.787
3.187
3.267 3.383 3.380
-0.1
32 Stuttgart
DE
7.98
9.25
10.02
10.27
9.88
-3.8
33 Birmingham
UK
7.49
9.31
9.06
9.13
9.58
+4.8
28 Air Malta
MT
2.923
2.250
2.385 2.230 2.305 3.4
34 Alicante
ES
5.98
8.93
8.86
9.09
9.56
+5.2
TAROM Romanian
29
RO
2.160
1.448
1.537 2.063 2.158 4.6
35 Warszawa / Okecie
PL
Air Transport
4.33
7.08
8.12
9.23
9.48
+2.8
36 Milano / Linate
IT
6.02
9.09
9.69
9.91
9.26
-6.5
30 Croatia Airlines
HR
0.644
0.974
1.005 1.084 1.217
12.3
37 Edinburgh
UK
5.37
8.45
8.61
9.04
8.99
-0.5
31 JAT airways
SB
0.959
1.095 1.144 1.147 0.3
38 Budapest / Ferihegy
HU
4.68
7.92
8.25
8.58
8.43
-1.8
32 Adria Airways
SI
0.866
0.707
0.773 0.863 1.003
16.2
39 Glasgow
UK
6.81
8.78
8.82
8.73
8.14
-6.8
33 Luxair
LU
0.997
0.565
0.515 0.466 0.495 6.2
Tenerife Sur /
40
ES
8.72
8.78
8.53
8.33
8.05
-3.3
Notes: Scheduled and non-scheduled flights.
Reina Sofia
(1) Air France and KLM merged in 2004 to build Air France KLM Group.
Notes: (*) 'Passengers carried' do not include direct transit passengers, i.e. transit passen-
(2) Ryanair: Year up to 30 March of the following year. 2008: own estimation,
gers who stay on board the aircraft and continue their flight with the same flight
based on evolution of passenger numbers.
number. Where the number of passengers carried was not available, the number
(3) Easyjet: Financial year up to 30 September of the year indicated.
of 'passengers on board' (i.e. incl. direct transit passengers) is given in italics.
128
129
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n o f Eu ro p e a n A i r l i n e s, I n te r n a t i o n a l A i r Tra n s p o r t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , a i r p o r t s
As s o c i a t i o n , a i r co m p a n i e s, ow n e s t i m a t e s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 4 a PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 4 b
Air: MAIN INTRAEU AIRPORT PAIRS
Air: MAIN CONNECTIONS BETWEEN EU AND
IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT
NONEU AIRPORTS IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT
TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED
TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED
(arriving + departing from
(arriving + departing from
THOUSAND
THOUSAND
first named airport)
first named airport)
ANKING
ANKING
R AIRPORT PAIRS
2005
2006
2007
2008
R AIRPORT PAIRS
2005
2006
2007
2008
1 Madrid / Barajas – Barcelona
4 358.3 4 442.4 4 627.4 3 497.7
1 London / Heathrow – New York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
2 940
2 752
2 839
2 803
2 Milano / Linate – Roma / Fiumicino
2 414.6 2 387.0 2 510.1 2 476.2
2 London / Heathrow – Dubai Intl, United Arab Emirates
1 183
1 374
1 571
1 652
3 Paris / Orly – Toulouse / Blagnac
2 327.1 2 350.5 2 327.1 2 325.3
3 London / Heathrow – Hong Kong Intl, China
1 258
1 417
1 453
1 494
4 Nice / Côte d'Azur – Paris / Orly
2 262.6 2 318.9 2 311.7 2 280.9
4 London / Heathrow – Los Angeles Intl, CA, USA
1 383
1 429
1 406
1 461
5 London / Heathrow – Dublin
2 089.4 1 991.1 1 974.4 1 811.5
5 London / Heathrow – Chicago / O'Hare Intl, IL, USA
1 522
1 521
1 605
1 460
6 London / Heathrow – Amsterdam / Schiphol
1 895.0 1 846.4 1 799.1 1 709.4
6 København / Kastrup – Oslo / Gardermoen, Norway
1 247
1 285
1 332
1 302
7 Palma de Mallorca – Madrid / Barajas
1 641.5 1 757.3 1 758.0 1 707.7
7 Paris / Charles de Gaulle –
1 730
1 659
1 729
1 214
New York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
8 München – Hamburg
1 450.5 1 582.9 1 756.9 1 704.8
8 Paris / Charles de Gaulle –
929
977
1 057
1 105
Montreal / Pierre Elliot Trudeau Intl, Canada
9 Catania / Fontanarossa – Roma / Fiumicino
1 368.7 1 371.6 1 534.2 1 668.7
9 London / Heathrow – Singapore / Changi, Singapore
996
1 086
1 075
1 066
10 Frankfurt (Main) – Berlin / Tegel
1 545.6 1 541.1 1 647.9 1 600.8
10 Stockholm / Arlanda – Oslo / Gardermoen, Norway
937
1 036
1 057
1 047
11 Las Palmas / Gran Canaria – Madrid / Barajas
1 388.1 1 434.4 1 541.3 1 596.7
11 London / Heathrow – Washington / Dulles Intl, DC, USA
1 074
1 040
1 055
1 041
12 Palma de Mallorca – Barcelona
1 689.3 1 740.3 1 784.9 1 585.9
12 London / Heathrow –
1 067
1 046
1 024
993
Toronto / Lester B. Pearson Intl, Canada
13 München – Düsseldorf
1 381.5 1 362.2 1 528.9 1 562.5
13 London / Heathrow – San Francisco Intl, CA, USA
1 005
1 027
1 032
986
14 München – Berlin / Tegel
1 419.2 1 424.7 1 509.9 1 550.8
14 London / Heathrow – Johannesburg Intl, South Africa
995
998
1 003
944
15 London / Heathrow – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
2 011.1 1 970.8 1 790.0 1 489.5
15 Madrid / Barajas –
873
965
992
919
16 Roma / Fiumicino – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
1 238.4 1 269.6 1 336.6 1 439.6
Bueons Aires / Ezeiza Ministro Pistarini, Argentina
16 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Tokio Intl, Japan
926
955
972
919
17 Tenerife Norte – Madrid / Barajas
1 359.4 1 170.1 1 191.0 1 333.5
17 London / Heathrow – Newark / Liberty Intl, NJ, USA
740
689
710
883
18 London / Heathrow – Edinburgh
1 659.9 1 495.0 1 436.5 1 318.9
18 London / Heathrow – Zürich, Switzerland
905
940
909
870
19 London / Heathrow – Frankfurt (Main)
1 530.4 1 513.3 1 450.1 1 272.0
19 London / Heathrow –
929
931
889
843
20 Roma / Fiumicino – Palermo / Punta Raisi
1 111.2 1 134.8 1 244.2 1 258.6
Boston / Gen. E. Lawrence Logan Intl, MA, USA
21 Hamburg – Frankfurt (Main)
1 288.3 1 289.7 1 297.4 1 254.2
20 London / Heathrow –
725
1 007
1 006
840
Mumbai / Chhatrapati Shivaji Intl, India
22 Amsterdam / Schiphol – Barcelona
1 103.9 1 235.2 1 271.7 1 230.0
21 London / Heathrow –
823
797
824
832
Sydney / Kingsford Smith Intl, Australia
23 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Madrid / Barajas
859.9 1 072.4 1 235.7 1 229.5
22 London / Heathrow – Narita Intl, Japan
992
915
886
831
24 München – Köln-Bonn
1 165.3 1 209.3 1 235.0 1 224.4
23 Frankfurt (Main) – Chicago / O'Hare Intl, IL, USA
827
857
858
830
25 Stockholm / Arlanda – København / Kastrup
1 230.0 1 170.2 1 196.4 1 207.6
24 London / Heathrow – Miami Intl, FL, USA
878
837
834
830
26 Madrid / Barajas – Roma / Fiumicino
958.1 1 111.3 1 225.7 1 186.7
25 Amsterdam / Schiphol –
776
717
739
792
27 Thessaloniki – Athinai / Eleftherios Venizelos
1 113.5 1 117.3 1 209.9 1 171.5
Detroit / Metropolitan Wayne County, MI, USA
26 Frankfurt (Main) – Narita Intl, Japan
780
796
787
768
28 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Barcelona
876.3 1 004.3 1 095.8 1 154.9
27 London / Gatwick – Orlando Intl, FL, USA
739
668
687
743
29 London / Heathrow – Madrid / Barajas
1 118.9 1 120.4 1 180.3 1 151.9
28 Frankfurt (Main) – Washington / Dulles Intl, DC, USA
709
793
795
738
30 Köln-Bonn – Berlin / Tegel
916.6
839.6 1 142.9 1 148.7
29 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Tel Aviv / Ben Gurion, Israel
608
644
711
735
31 Paris / Orly – Marseille / Provence
1 344.0 1 276.9 1 230.6 1 145.3
30 Berlin / Tegel – Zürich, Switzerland
467
574
641
730
32 Glasgow – London / Heathrow
1 425.5 1 283.9 1 207.1 1 144.1
31 Wien / Schwechat – Zürich, Switzerland
597
623
692
717
33 Frankfurt (Main) – München
1 303.1 1 278.0 1 217.8 1 130.8
32 London / Heathrow – New Delhi / Indira Gandhi Intl, India
384
600
665
716
34 Amsterdam / Schiphol – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
1 038.7 1 036.5 1 144.8 1 103.1
33 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Genève / Cointrin, Switzerland
695
692
710
711
35 Madrid / Barajas – Paris / Orly
964.3 1 015.6 1 078.9 1 101.0
34 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Zürich, Switzerland
630
665
684
703
Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe) /
36
35 London / Gatwick – Genève / Cointrin, Switzerland
643
712
687
702
987.6 1 029.3 1 093.5 1 098.3
Pôle Caraïbes – Paris / Orly
36 Frankfurt (Main) – Singapore / Changi, Singapore
721
722
711
694
37 Madrid / Barajas – Malaga
1 328.9 1 423.9 1 502.4 1 094.7
37 Paris / Orly – Marrakech / Menara, Morocco
502
619
687
691
38 Malaga – London / Gatwick
978.6
937.7
967.6 1 086.6
38 Frankfurt (Main) – Istanbul / Atatürk, Turkey
661
650
686
675
39 Dublin – London / Gatwick
626.3
747.1
883.6 1 076.8
39 Frankfurt (Main) – New York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
726
685
696
673
40 Frankfurt (Main) – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
985.4
986.7 1 062.9 1 018.9
40 Düsseldorf – Zürich, Switzerland
444
503
569
661
130
131
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 5 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 6
Air
Air: MOVEMENTS OF AIRCRAFT
FREIGHT TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS
AT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS
CARGO AND MAIL LOADED AND UNLOADED
TAKEOFF + LANDING, PASSENGER AND CARGO
THOUSAND TONNES
%
(not including general aviation) THOUSAND
%
ANKING
'07/'08
ANKING
'07/'08
R AIRPORT AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
R AIRPORT AND COUNTRY
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Frankfurt (Main)
DE
1 703.4 1 950.6 2 117.9 2 162.2 2 104.3
-2.7
1 Paris / Charles de Gaulle FR
549.8
543.4
559.7
568.6
574.8
+1.1
2 Amsterdam / Schiphol
NL
1 222.5 1 495.6 1 566.7 1 651.0 1 592.5
-3.5
2 Frankfurt (Main)
DE
462.3
475.6
480.5
481.8
477.4
-0.9
3 London / Heathrow
UK
1 306.8 1 389.3 1 342.6 1 393.2 1 482.7
+6.4
3 London / Heathrow
UK
469.8
472.0
470.9
475.8
473.2
-0.5
4 Paris / Charles de Gaulle FR
1 067.0 1 217.8 1 340.4 1 434.8 1 392.1
-3.0
4 Madrid / Barajas
ES
391.1
406.3
422.2
470.3
459.6
-2.3
5 Luxembourg
LU
499.9
624.8
633.7
702.8
788.2 +12.2
5 Amsterdam / Schiphol
NL
404.9
408.2
429.5
440.8
435.9
-1.1
Brussel-Bruxelles /
6
BE
687.4
694.5
713.5
734.2
614.4 -16.3
6 München
DE
366.0
382.3
387.8
406.2
409.0
+0.7
Brussels
7 Köln-Bonn
DE
438.3
646.8
691.0
709.3
574.1 -19.1
7 Roma / Fiumicino
IT
300.3
299.6
308.6
332.4
340.8
+2.5
8 Leipzig-Halle
DE
13.7
12.3
26.8
86.1
430.2 +399.7
8 Barcelona
ES
277.3
294.3
312.4
338.5
312.3
-7.7
9 Milano / Malpensa
IT
295.7
383.8
417.6
482.6
414.1 -14.2
9 Wien / Schwechat
AT
221.0
227.0
233.5
249.4
262.6
+5.3
10 Liège / Bierset
BE
270.3
325.7
323.2
363.7
381.6
+4.9
10 København / Kastrup
DK
266.8
262.1
251.4
245.0
256.4
+4.6
11 Madrid / Barajas
ES
305.2
360.3
344.2
341.6
355.0
+3.9
11 London / Gatwick
UK
241.2
252.0
254.4
256.6
256.4
-0.1
Nottingham East
12
UK
178.8
292.1
298.3
318.4
292.4
-8.2
12 Paris / Orly
FR
228.0
230.8
234.9
238.4
234.0
-1.9
Midlands
Brussel-Bruxelles /
13 München
DE
148.4
218.2
238.1
265.3
264.9
-0.1
13
BE
229.8
228.7
231.7
238.6
233.7
-2.1
Brussels
14 København / Kastrup
DK
419.4
355.1
380.0
395.5
246.8
14 Düsseldorf
DE
187.7
189.0
208.1
222.3
224.4
+0.9
15 London / Stansted
UK
167.8
254.8
241.3
225.3
230.1
+2.1
15 Stockholm / Arlanda
SE
234.3
222.2
214.5
202.0
213.7
+5.8
16 Wien / Schwechat
AT
65.9
180.0
201.8
204.9
201.3
-1.8
16 Milano / Malpensa
IT
209.5
222.2
241.5
257.2
208.2 -19.0
17 Roma / Fiumicino
IT
153.3
131.9
140.2
153.9
153.0
-0.6
17 Dublin
IE
164.0
169.6
183.4
198.2
202.4
+2.2
18 Manchester
UK
116.6
150.0
150.3
166.1
142.6 -14.2
Athinai /
19 Helsinki / Vantaa
FI
96.1
114.9
123.5
141.3
141.5
+0.2
18
EL
179.9
170.3
179.9
193.0
195.0
+1.1
Eleftherios Venizelos
20 Frankfurt / Hahn
DE
75.0
100.9
113.2
111.7
122.1
+9.3
19 Manchester
UK
208.5
218.0
213.0
206.4
191.2
-7.4
21 Bergamo / Orio al Serio IT
98.9
135.1
139.4
133.8
122.1
-8.7
20 Palma de Mallorca
ES
166.1
170.5
175.6
184.5
182.2
-1.2
22 Stockholm / Arlanda
SE
154.0
158.0
168.8
191.8
121.4
21 London / Stansted
UK
176.8
178.0
190.0
190.1
177.3
-6.7
23 London / Gatwick
UK
318.8
232.1
219.9
176.6
112.4 -36.4
22 Helsinki / Vantaa
FI
163.2
163.1
171.1
169.5
172.9
+2.0
24 Barcelona
ES
88.1
94.5
97.9
92.1
108.5 +17.7
23 Praha / Ruzyne
CZ
134.2
150.2
155.5
164.1
168.8
+2.9
25 Dublin
IE
35.5
64.1
107.6
111.3
107.5
-3.5
Athinai /
24 Nice / Côte d'Azur
FR
155.0
158.1
165.4
173.6
166.6
-4.0
26
EL
123.4
100.7
102.4
98.0
102.5
+4.5
Eleftherios Venizelos
25 Berlin / Tegel
DE
131.7
137.2
134.2
143.4
154.3
+7.6
27 Lisboa
PT
114.6
100.0
98.2
94.5
101.1
+7.0
26 Hamburg
DE
130.0
134.2
145.9
150.3
150.7
+0.2
28 Oostende
BE
93.5
108.3
98.5
104.8
74.8 -28.6
27 Warszawa / Okecie
PL
122.2
131.0
142.9
145.6
145.9
+0.2
29 Paris / Orly
FR
107.3
80.0
76.0
76.7
72.1
-6.0
28 Lisboa
PT
121.7
125.9
131.9
141.9
138.9
-2.1
30 Düsseldorf
DE
59.4
56.5
59.3
57.7
70.2 +21.7
29 Stuttgart
DE
131.9
135.0
138.5
139.7
134.9
-3.5
31 Budapest / Ferihegy
HU
43.5
55.5
64.9
67.6
62.5
-7.5
30 Lyon / Saint Exupéry
FR
125.0
130.1
130.8
132.1
133.7
+1.2
32 Maastricht-Aachen
NL
44.3
54.6
54.1
57.8
55.4
-4.2
31 Köln-Bonn
DE
133.3
139.9
138.5
138.3
128.2
-7.3
33 Toulouse / Blagnac
FR
37.8
56.2
58.5
55.1
54.6
-0.8
Bucureşti /
34 Warszawa / Okecie
PL
44.6
31.1
36.9
41.3
54.6 +32.1
32
RO
75.0
90.2
102.0
118.1
124.4
+5.3
Henri Coandă
35 Marseille / Provence
FR
36.0
51.0
49.5
51.4
54.0
+5.1
33 Edinburgh
UK
111.8
116.0
115.8
115.2
113.5
-1.4
36 Göteborg / Landvetter
SE
60.2
51.0
34 Budapest / Ferihegy
HU
103.4
116.5
117.2
114.6
110.0
-4.0
37 Edinburgh
UK
18.2
54.3
50.9
46.0
49.1
+6.9
35 Malaga
ES
102.7
111.1
113.1
115.3
108.0
-6.4
38 Belfast
UK
30.9
51.3
50.4
49.9
48.1
-3.6
Las Palmas /
39 Praha / Ruzyne
CZ
0.0
51.6
54.9
54.9
47.8 -12.9
36
ES
92.6
98.4
100.5
99.3
104.0
+4.7
Gran Canaria
40 Tallinn / Ülemiste
EE
4.7
9.7
10.1
22.6
41.7 +84.4
37 Birmingham
UK
109.2
113.0
108.7
104.5
102.8
-1.6
Notes: Significant underreporting of Paris airports. Data from airport websites (in italics)
38 Aberdeen
UK
80.7
89.5
97.9
102.8
100.2
-2.6
often include air cargo which in reality is transported by lorry. The figures from
39 Marseille / Provence
FR
88.6
90.3
92.1
98.5
97.9
-0.5
airport websites are therefore not always fully comparable with those collected
by Eurostat. The extraordinary growth rate for Leipzig airport is mainly due to
40 Milano / Linate
IT
93.7
93.1
97.8
99.1
95.6
-3.6
DHL moving its hub there during 2008.
Notes: One movement per minute for 18 hours per day = 394 200 per year.
132
133
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , a i r p o r t we b s i t e s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , a i r p o r t s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 7 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 7
Sea: INWARD AND OUTWARD FLOW
Sea: INWARD AND OUTWARD FLOW
OF PASSENGERS BY COUNTRY
OF PASSENGERS BY COUNTRY
INWARDS
OUTWARDS
1 000
PASSENGERS
CRUISE PASSENGERS CRUISE PASSENGERS
1 000
PASSENGERS CRUISE
PASSENGERS
excluding
starting and ending
on excursion
excluding
starting and ending a cruise
cruise passengers
a cruise
cruise passengers
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
EU-27 203 445 203 445 203 445
EU-27
201 678
201 678
201 678
EU-15 191 959 193 749 193 051
EU-15
191 632
193 395
191 443
EU-12
9 011
9 717 10 389
EU-12
8 982
9 762
10 230
BE
375
378
333
70
75
63
BE
374 381 339 71 76 64
BG
BG
CZ
CZ
DK
23 937 24 057 23 172
131
144
157
232
258
294
DK
23 945
24 063
23 170
132
145
158
DE
14 309 14 766 14 113
219
264
372
DE
14 514
14 951
14 111
213
219
349
EE
4 287
4 323
4 585
313
294
378
EE
4 259
4 342
4 605
IE
1 572
1 578
1 492
93
104
146
37
IE
1 542
1 542
1 470
EL
45 075 45 987 45 255
216
263
334
EL
44 897
45 908
45 186
214
265
326
ES
10 190 10 669 10 265
1 228
907
1 027
1 761
2 910
3 370
ES
10 227
10 654
10 173
521
903
1 014
FR
13 094 13 306 13 323
154
231
156
1 190
1 246
1 064
FR
12 999
13 280
13 187
155
231
147
IT
42 875 42 285 44 761
93
1 189
882
3 112
3 181
1 870
IT
42 934
42 317
43 643
81
1 179
871
CY
CY
LV
105
179
213
41
65
51
LV
112 183 223
LT
92
104
103
25
37
32
LT
98 108 109
LU
LU
HU
HU
MT
3 652
3 893
4 148
12
9
14
472
528
MT
3 652
3 891
3 955
11
9
14
NL
1 053
945
977
NL
1
074 925 982
AT
AT
PL
875
1 218
1 325
0
0
0
PL
861
1
238
1
322 0 0 0
PT
343
368
382
PT
343 367 380
RO
0
2
12
33
RO
0 2
SI
15
11
SI
16 7
SK
SK
FI
8 391
8 244
8 497
7
20
268
255
344
FI
8 348
8 192
8 438
7
20
SE
16 385 16 572 16 529
14
9
22
357
402
430
SE
15 927
16 075
16 176
8
6
17
UK
14 359 14 594 13 953
534
562
705
UK
14 507
14 739
14 188
530
569
709
HR
11 490 12 265 12 983
26
33
11
734
872
1 122
HR
11 523
12 272
13 037
22
41
12
IS
IS
NO
2 941
2 938
2 820
39
91
62
607
569
770
NO
3 292
3 334
3 313
8
84
13
134
135
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 8 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 9
Sea
Sea
PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS
FREIGHT TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS
PASSENGERS EMBARKED AND DISEMBARKED
TONNES LOADED AND UNLOADED
THOUSAND
%
MILLION
%
ANKING
'07/'08
ANKING
'07/'08
R PORT AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
R PORT AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Dover
UK
16 197 13 501 13 987 14 433 14 006
-3.0
1 Rotterdam
NL 302.545 345.819 353.576 374.152 384.210
2.7
2 Paloukia Salaminas
EL
11 663 11 981 13 066 13 063
0.0
2 Antwerpen
BE
116.003 145.835 151.705 165.512 171.237
3.5
Perama
EL
11 663 11 981 13 066 13 063
0.0
3 Hamburg
DE
76.950 108.253 115.529 118.190 118.915
0.6
4 Piraeus
EL
7 289 11 076 11 539 11 063 11 079
0.1
4 Marseille
FR
91.279 93.308 96.527 92.561 92.523
0.0
5 Calais
FR
15 066 11 695 11 460 11 519 11 002
-4.5
5 Le Havre
FR
63.885 70.801 69.973 73.897 75.636
2.4
6 Helsingør
DK
13 322 11 023 10 721 10 966 10 912
-0.5
6 Amsterdam
NL
42.044 47.133 56.794 62.516 74.366
19.0
7 Helsingborg
SE
13 525 11 102 10 776 10 966 10 911
-0.5
7 Grimsby & Immingham UK
52.501 60.686 64.033 66.279 65.267
-1.5
8 Messina
IT
11 898
9 802 10 834 10 603 10 380
-2.1
8 Algeciras
ES
55.184 60.023 62.128 61.869
-0.4
9 Reggio di Calabria
IT
11 839
9 645 10 669 10 336 10 116
-2.1
9 London
UK
47.892 53.843 51.911 52.739 52.965
0.4
10 Helsinki
FI
9 251
8 854
8 548
8 561
8 976
4.8
10 Dunkerque
FR
44.318 48.503 50.386 50.244 50.464
0.4
11 Stockholm
SE
7 746
8 211
8 054
8 127
8 677
6.8
11 Valencia
ES
21.958 34.990 40.742 45.935 50.182
9.2
12 Capri
IT
5 404
3 860
4 940
5 421
7 169 32.2
12 Taranto
IT
33.117 47.869 50.871 49.240 49.522
0.6
13 Tallinn
EE
6 701
6 447
6 220
6 870 10.5
13 Bremerhaven
DE
24.835 33.728 40.350 43.618 48.956
12.2
14 Puttgarden
DE
5 430
6 760
6 789
7 069
6 768
-4.3
14 Genova
IT
43.797 42.640 44.425 48.358 46.469
-3.9
15 Rødby (Færgehavn)
DK
5 430
6 761
6 789
7 058
6 756
-4.3
15 Constantza
RO
44.377 42.888 44.916 45.750
1.9
16 Napoli
IT
6 748
6 084
6 804
6 598
6 185
-6.3
16 Tees & Hartlepool
UK
51.472 55.790 53.348 49.779 45.436
-8.7
17 Palma de Mallorca
ES
1 864
4 611
4 942
5 275
5 048
-4.3
17 Göteborg
SE
33.261 36.479 39.912 40.353 42.331
4.9
18 Piombino
IT
3 161
3 277
3 948
3 982
5 036 26.5
18 Barcelona
ES
25.787 37.061 38.267 41.040 41.516
1.2
19 Algeciras
ES
4 828
5 166
5 227
4 988
-4.6
19 Southampton
UK
34.773 39.947 40.556 43.815 40.974
-6.5
20 Wilhelmshaven
DE
43.402 45.977 43.106 42.643 40.556
-4.9
20 Santa Cruz de Tenerife ES
4 927
4 564
4 343
4 592
4 191
-8.7
21 Forth
UK
41.143 34.218 31.556 36.681 39.054
6.5
21 Cirkewwa
MT
3 463
3 555
3 795
3 942
3.9
22 Trieste
IT
44.015 43.355 44.644 39.833 37.195
-6.6
Mgarr, Gozo
MT
3 463
3 555
3 795
3 942
3.9
23 Portoferraio
IT
2 641
2 829
3 198
3 155
3 927 24.5
23 Bilbao
ES
26.623 32.219 36.118 37.313 36.862
-1.2
24 Olbia
IT
2 359
3 253
3 665
3 487
3 567
2.3
24 Milford Haven
UK
33.768 37.547 34.307 35.496 35.875
1.1
25 Turku
FI
3 514
3 697
3 620
3 480
3 488
0.2
25 Zeebrugge
BE
32.660 28.442 32.763 34.843 34.768
-0.2
26 Mariehamn
FI
1 885
3 192
3 099
3 125
3 306
5.8
26 Nantes Saint-Nazaire
FR
31.263 34.043 33.870 33.299 32.918
-1.1
27 Livorno
IT
1 886
2 103
2 166
2 789
3 251 16.6
27 Tarragona
ES
27.175 30.967 31.189 35.802 32.835
-8.3
28 Rostock
DE
1 767
2 417
2 557
2 585
2 713
5.0
28 Liverpool
UK
30.421 33.775 33.550 32.258 32.204
-0.2
29 Civitavecchia
IT
2 241
2 099
2 500
2 285
2 677 17.2
29 Ravenna
IT
22.492 24.253 27.639 27.008 30.075
11.4
30 Igoumenitsa
EL
933
2 338
2 531
2 683
2 631
-1.9
30 Venezia
IT
26.293 30.547 32.010 32.042 29.920
-6.6
31 Genova
IT
2 444
2 406
2 320
2 639
2 510
-4.9
31 Tallinn
EE
0.000 38.816 41.243 35.865 28.966 -19.2
32 Ceuta
ES
2 498
2 135
2 385
2 567
2 422
-5.6
32 Livorno
IT
19.785 24.048 24.550 29.798 28.667
-3.8
33 La Maddalena
IT
2 025
1 843
2 371
2 918
2 374 -18.6
33 Riga
LV
24.421 23.758 25.216 28.567
13.3
34 Palau
IT
2 106
1 843
2 371
2 907
2 364 -18.7
34 Ventspils
LV
29.358 27.746 30.473 27.366 -10.2
35 Porto d'Ischia
IT
3 686
3 169
3 443
2 812
2 342 -16.7
35 Gioia Tauro
IT
29.358 27.746 30.473 27.366 -10.2
36 Barcelona
ES
1 424
2 208
1 927
2 090
2 314 10.7
36 Klaipeda
LT
20.019 21.347 24.676 27.311
10.7
37 Bastia
FR
1 916
2 028
2 162
2 200
2 312
5.1
37 Ghent
BE
24.717 22.133 24.107 24.988 26.912
7.7
38 Norddeich
DE
2 253
2 257
2 322
2 312
2 267
-1.9
38 Augusta
IT
29.938 33.041 30.979 30.238 26.849 -11.2
39 Frederikshavn
DK
3 726
3 004
2 859
2 894
2 258 -22.0
39 Porto Foxi
IT
23.751 22.760 27.111 26.744 26.407
-1.3
40 Rafina
EL
1 542
2 010
2 122
2 213
2 219
0.3
40 Cartagena
ES
17.157 26.716 25.442 23.843 25.547
7.1
136
137
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 0 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 0
Sea
Sea
INTRAEU MARITIME TRANSPORT
INTRAEU MARITIME TRANSPORT
1 RELEVANCE OF INTRAEU TRANSPORT
1 RELEVANCE OF
2 MAIN ROUTES IN
IN TOTAL MARITIME TRANSPORT BY EU COUNTRY 2008
INTRAEU TRANSPORT
INTRAEU MARITIME
IN TOTAL MARITIME
TRANSPORT 2008
INWARDS
OUTWARDS
TRANSPORT BY
country country
mio
share
share
total
of which
total
of which
EU COUNTRY 2008
of
of un-
tonnes
of EU in
of EU in
inwards
from EU
outwards
to EU
loading
loading
trans-
total
total
TOTAL
ANKINGR
port
port
ported
million
million
million
tonnes
tonnes
(%)
million
tonnes
tonnes
(%)
total
1
UK
UK
84.629
of which
share
goods
to/from
of EU in
2
IT
IT
80.613
BE
138.370
44.497
32.2 %
102.907
39.899
38.8 %
trans-
EU
total
ported (*)
3
UK
NL
46.834
BG
16.791
0.920
5.5 %
9.785
2.345
24.0 %
million
million
4
ES
ES
44.498
(%)
tonnes
tonnes
DK
54.381
34.626
63.7 %
41.805
36.252
86.7 %
5
NL
UK
33.233
BE
240.681
83.800
34.8 %
6
EL
EL
30.786
DE
193.774
75.979
39.2 %
121.891
58.431
47.9 %
7
FR
UK
30.338
BG
26.570
3.259
12.3 %
EE
7.179
5.785
80.6 %
25.718
15.007
58.3 %
8
UK
FR
25.202
DK
89.059
63.751
71.6 %
9
FR
FR
22.096
IE
33.472
22.956
68.6 %
13.393
12.229
91.3 %
DE
312.776
131.521
42.0 %
10
UK
DE
17.826
EL
69.697
34.812
49.9 %
51.891
42.873
82.6 %
11
SE
DE
17.401
EE
32.813
20.707
63.1 %
ES
290.073
81.850
28.2 %
126.098
63.090
50.0 %
12
DK
DK
16.922
IE
45.960
34.279
74.6 %
13
BE
UK
16.162
FR
245.040
68.689
28.0 %
101.174
63.280
62.5 %
14
UK
BE
15.717
EL
100.469
56.566
56.3 %
IT
350.011
108.725
31.1 %
163.518
111.620
68.3 %
15
DK
SE
15.029
ES
390.489
119.259
30.5 %
16
IT
ES
14.097
CY (**)
6.704
1.285
19.2 %
1.235
0.304
24.6 %
17
DE
SE
13.982
FR
338.449
124.204
36.7 %
LV
6.059
4.035
66.6 %
54.068
41.820
77.3 %
18
UK
IE
13.111
IT
444.138
150.955
34.0 %
19
ES
IT
13.034
LT
15.359
4.878
31.8 %
21.020
13.351
63.5 %
20
SE
SE
12.729
MT
3.189
2.439
76.5 %
0.183
0.096
52.1 %
CY (**)
7.934
1.584
20.0 %
21
FI
DE
11.656
NL
396.236
90.937
23.0 %
133.122
62.534
47.0 %
LV
59.956
45.684
76.2 %
22
SE
FI
11.077
23
LV
UK
10.556
PL
28.009
16.463
58.8 %
20.712
14.970
72.3 %
LT
36.379
18.229
50.1 %
24
SE
UK
9.834
PT
43.065
15.628
36.3 %
21.335
14.752
69.1 %
MT
3.373
2.534
75.1 %
25
FR
NL
9.330
26
IT
EL
9.287
RO (**)
29.231
1.426
4.9 %
20.520
4.396
21.4 %
NL
529.359
153.471
29.0 %
27
DE
DK
9.228
SI
11.761
3.562
30.3 %
4.738
3.184
67.2 %
PL
48.404
31.116
64.3 %
28
DE
GB
8.911
FI
62.131
41.305
66.5 %
49.022
43.096
87.9 %
PT
59.971
25.950
43.3 %
29
DE
FI
8.681
30
DK
DE
8.538
SE
90.848
65.314
71.9 %
80.393
68.839
85.6 %
RO (**)
49.751
5.823
11.7 %
UK
337.662
191.620
56.7 %
210.417
162.202
77.1 %
SI
16.499
6.746
40.9 %
Notes: Data from main ports only
(ports handling more than 1 million
Notes: Data from main ports only (ports handling more than 1 million tonnes per year).
FI
105.492
78.741
74.6 %
tonnes per year); the tonnes have been
(*) The total goods transported data may be less than the sum of inward and
calculated by taking the declarations
outward traffic due to the double counting of tonnes moved within the same country.
SE
161.505
124.418
77.0 %
of the unloading ports (inward
(**) The share of intra-EU in total maritime transport may be underestimated in
declarations) and adding those outward
this table for CY and RO because a significant share of partner ports are 'unknown'
UK
497.640
303.384
61.0 %
declarations of partner ports for which
and hence cannot be attributed to any geographical area.
the inward declarations were missing.
138
139
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 1 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 2 a
Sea
Combined Transport Traffic
CONTAINER TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS
UIRR COMPANIES
thousand TEU
%
TONNEKILOMETRES billion
TRAFFIC % OF CONSIGNMENTS *
of which:
Semi-
Swap
YEAR
national
trailers
Rolling road
bodies
ANKING
'07/'08
1990
19.0
7.0
20 %
18 %
62 %
R PORT AND COUNTRY
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Rotterdam
NL
9 194.6
9 575.4 10 773.4 10 631.0
-1.3
1995
25.0
7.3
14 %
19 %
67 %
2 Hamburg
DE
8 084.3
8 878.1
9 913.5
9 767.3
-1.5
1996
27.2
7.6
12 %
20 %
68 %
3 Antwerpen
BE
6 220.9
6 718.2
7 878.9
8 378.9
6.3
1997
29.9
8.3
10 %
19 %
71 %
4 Bremerhaven
DE
3 696.1
4 479.3
4 884.0
5 451.4
11.6
1998
30.2
8.3
9 %
20 %
71 %
5 Valencia
ES
2 415.0
2 614.8
3 048.9
3 606.3
18.3
1999
28.6
7.8
9 %
22 %
69 %
6 Algeciras
ES
3 183.1
3 262.5
3 419.9
3 297.6
-3.6
2000
32.5
8.2
9 %
23 %
68 %
7 Gioia Tauro
IT
3 123.2
2 835.2
3 464.2
3 164.8
-8.6
2001
31.9
7.2
9 %
24 %
67 %
8 Felixstowe
UK
2 759.7
3 029.8
3 342.3
3 131.4
-6.3
2002
33.1
8.0
8 %
23 %
69 %
9 Barcelona
ES
2 071.3
2 314.6
2 605.6
2 564.5
-1.6
2003
32.9
7.7
7 %
23 %
70 %
10 Le Havre
FR
2 144.3
2 118.9
2 684.7
2 511.6
-6.4
11 Southampton
UK
1 384.2
1 502.3
1 905.2
1 616.8
-15.1
2004
34.5
8.3
7 %
16 %
67 %
12 Genova
IT
1 037.6
1 145.7
1 229.6
1 461.9
18.9
2005
37.0
8.1
7 %
13 %
80 %
13 Constantza
RO
867.0
1 170.4
1 444.7
1 405.3
-2.7
2006
45.4
9.8
9 %
16 %
76 %
14 Zeebrugge
BE
682.3
895.5
1 191.0
1 400.8
17.6
2007
46.1
9.8
9 %
14 %
77 %
15 Las Palmas, Gran Canaria ES
1 209.7
1 291.1
1 309.8
1 302.5
-0.6
2008
46.0
10.3
8 %
14 %
78 %
16 La Spezia
IT
915.6
1 086.5
1 130.1
1 185.9
4.9
17 London
UK
765.1
742.6
857.8
983.5
14.7
INTERCONTAINERINTERFRIGO
18 Marseille
FR
910.6
950.2
1 058.5
901.4
-14.8
19 Bilbao
ES
861.5
898.7
956.1
894.1
-6.5
YEAR
thousand TEU
% change from
previous year
20 Göteborg
SE
771.7
811.8
840.9
863.9
2.7
21 Medway
UK
702.9
594.3
514.5
767.6
49.2
2000
961.7
22 Dublin
IE
590.2
680.7
744.2
676.5
-9.1
2001
834.9
-13.2 %
23 Liverpool
UK
613.1
613.4
675.7
673.9
-0.3
2002
758.6
-9.1 %
24 Kotka
FI
376.5
460.6
576.5
627.1
8.8
2003
734.1
-3.2 %
25 Gdynia
PL
392.9
458.7
611.9
610.9
-0.2
2004
702.8
-4.3 %
26 Lisboa
PT
512.2
512.0
554.8
555.9
0.2
2005
516.7
-26.5 %
27 Aarhus
DK
397.2
426.7
502.0
458.5
-8.7
2006
429.8
-16.8 %
28 Leixões
PT
351.8
378.2
433.7
450.1
3.8
2007
415.8
-3.3 %
29 Taranto
IT
445.1
563.5
449.2
444.4
-1.1
30 Piraeus
EL
1 401.1
1 412.6
1 383.8
437.3
-68.4
2008
396.9
-4.5 %
31 Amsterdam
NL
61.9
403.6
408.7
431.8
5.6
Notes: TEU: twenty foot equivalent unit (corresponds to 10-12 tonnes).
32 Málaga
ES
247.5
452.1
542.4
428.6
-21.0
(*) Consignment = equivalent of an average road transport (= 2.3 TEU)
33 Helsinki
FI
460.2
419.6
434.6
424.0
-2.5
34 Limassol
CY
320.4
360.0
376.7
416.5
10.6
35 Santa Cruz de Tenerife
ES
455.2
470.0
484.8
396.5
-18.2
36 Klaipeda
LT
214.3
231.6
321.4
373.3
16.1
37 Koper
SI
210.3
222.0
306.9
356.9
16.3
38 Venezia
IT
196.0
235.7
262.6
291.0
10.8
39 Forth
UK
207.3
261.6
256.9
274.4
6.8
40 Tallinn
EE
189.4
227.4
265.4
269.4
1.5
140
141
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , ow n e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce s : I n te r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f Co m b i n e d R o a d - R a i l
Tra n s p o r t Co m p a n i e s, I n te rco n t a i n e r - I n te r f r i g o
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 2 b PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 3
Road
Combined Transport
ALPS CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC OF INTERNATIONAL UNION OF COMBINED
ALPINE ARC: MONTGENÈVRE TO BRENNER
ROADRAIL TRANSPORT COMPANIES UIRR
MILLION TONNES
CONSIGNMENTS * thousand
%
Switzerland
Austria
France
CHANGE
St. Gotthard
Simplon
Brenner
Montgenèvre
COMPANY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/'08
Gr. St. Bernard
Reschen
Fréjus
INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC
St. Bernardino
Mont-Blanc
TOTAL
1985
1.9 0.8 15.0 12.3 30.0
Kombiverkehr, DE
374.835 351.371 375.836 402.148 401.443
-0.2 %
1990
3.1 1.1 14.6 21.8 40.6
Hupac, CH
231.060 291.157 346.060 396.641 390.862
-1.5 %
1994
5.1 1.1 18.4 26.5 51.1
Cemat, IT
149.395 236.824 266.493 270.822 259.464
-4.2 %
1995
5.5 1.1 21.0 25.8 53.4
ICA, AT
123.753 154.797 167.946 166.115
-1.1 %
1996
5.9 1.2 20.1 25.0 52.2
Ökombi, AT
148.769
90.677 117.456 113.412 120.835
6.5 %
1997
6.0 1.0 21.3 25.3 53.6
Polzug, PL
76.513
88.569
90.329
2.0 %
1998
6.5 1.2 23.9 26.3 57.9
T.R.W., BE
57.747
85.889
98.516
98.786
82.946
-16.0 %
1999
7.0 1.4 26.4 27.3 62.1
Ralpin, CH
79.248
80.864
80.342
85.106
5.9 %
2000
7.6 1.3 26.6 27.2 62.7
Hupac NV, NL
26.400
57.085
69.554
71.567
72.533
1.3 %
2001
7.4 3.0 26.3 27.2 63.9
Adria Combi, SI
19.229
41.131
53.044
64.944
62.463
-3.8 %
2002
7.5 3.0 27.3 26.3 64.1
Novatrans, FR
37.848
43.714
46.538
35.647
-23.4 %
2003
9.2 2.4 28.7 25.8 66.1
Alpe Adria, IT
22.170
26.989
34.173
32.731
-4.2 %
2004
9.9 2.6 33.5 22.3 68.3
Combiberia, ES
24.406
29.499
29.167
27.244
-6.6 %
2005
10.2 2.8 33.6 20.8 67.4
Naviland Cargo, FR
12.804
15.629
18.791
35.355
88.1 %
2006
10.0 2.9 36.1 22.3 71.3
Hungarocombi, HU
61.780
37.076
27.275
16.831
18.278
8.6 %
2007
10.9 3.3 36.4 22.4 73.0
Kombi Dan, DK
7.205
6.822
7.940
6.972
-12.2 %
2008
11.0 3.4 35.1 21.5 71.0
Bohemiakombi, CZ
1.424
3.643
5.309
6.302
18.7 %
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
Crokombi, HR
1.796
1.719
2.841
2.723
-4.2 %
'85/'97
+10.1 %
+1.9 %
+3.0 %
+6.2 %
+5.0 %
NATIONAL TRAFFIC
'97/'07
+6.2 %
+12.7 %
+5.5 %
-1.2 %
+3.1 %
'07/'08
+0.9 %
+3.0 %
-3.6 %
- 4.0 %
-2.7 %
Kombiverkehr, DE
163.290 224.989 285.551 306.099 306.397
0.1 %
Cemat, IT
194.327 187.125 173.361 177.228 163.182
-7.9 %
Notes: Road: France: Montgenèvre: from 1999.
Novatrans, FR
176.145 145.909 153.589 157.699 154.053
-2.3 %
NUMBER OF HEAVY GOODS VEHICLES thousand
Ökombi, AT
117.146
46.792
88.174 115.776 152.236
31.5 %
Switzerland
Austria
France
Naviland Cargo, FR
111.592
68.838
82.787 113.850
37.5 %
St. Gotthard
Simplon
Brenner
Montgenèvre
Hupac, CH/DE/IT
16.200
33.610
40.972
46.746
54.095
15.7 %
Gr. St. Bernard
Reschen
Fréjus
St. Bernardino
Mont-Blanc
TOTAL
ICA, AT
19.925
41.639
42.816
40.753
-4.8 %
1999
1 101
216
1 639
1 674
4 630
Adria Combi, SI
12.401
15.876
29.060
37.525
29.1 %
2000
1 187
217
1 653
1 672
4 729
Alpe Adria, IT
20.324
22.479
21.888
30.701
40.3 %
2001
966
405
1 647
1 673
4 691
Polzug, PL
10.083
13.506
18.081
33.9 %
2002
858
391
1 710
1 581
4 540
T.R.W., BE
5.117
12.474
14.586
13.059
-10.5 %
2003
1 004
287
1 775
1 572
4 638
Rocombi, RO
11.496
9.840
11.280
12.300
9.0 %
2004
969
286
2 118
1 515
4 888
(*) Consignment = equivalent of an average road transport (= 2.3 TEU)
2005
925
279
2 121
1 435
4 760
2006
856
326
2 268
1 529
4 979
2007
963
299
2 277
1 531
5 070
2008
973
302
2 200
1 474
4 949
Notes: Internal, import, export and transit traffic.
142
143
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f Co m b i n e d
S o u rce : Sw i s s D e p a r t m e n t o f t h e E nv i ro n m e n t ,
R o a d - R a i l Tra n s p o r t Co m p a n i e s
Tra n s p o r t , E n e rg y a n d Co m m u n i c a t i o n s ( U V E K )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 4 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 5
Road
Rail
PYRENEES CROSSING TRAFFIC
ALPS AND PYRENEES CROSSING TRAFFIC
GOODS TRAFFIC
ALPS CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC 1
VEHICLES PER DAY
Alpine Arc: Mont-Cenis to Brenner MILLION TONNES
West coast
East coast
Switzerland
Austria
France
Biriatou
Le Perthus
Other
St. Gotthard
Simplon
Brenner
Mont-Cenis
TOTAL
(inc. A63)
(inc. A9)
crossings
TOTAL
1985
11.2 2.8 4.7 7.5
26.2
1997
5 657
6 729
880
13 266
1990
13.6 4.3 5.5 7.2
30.6
1998
6 447
7 413
905
14 765
1994
13.2 4.7 8.3 7.7
33.9
1999
6 914
8 018
914
15 846
1995
13.6 4.4 8.4 8.0
34.4
2000
8 224
8 200
1 519
17 943
1996
11.7 4.0 7.9 9.7
33.3
2001
8 806
8 050
1 172
18 028
1997
13.7 4.3 7.8 10.1
35.9
2002
8 864
8 535
1 505
18 904
1998
15.0 4.3 8.6 9.3
37.2
2003
9 276
8 920
1 758
19 954
1999
14.9 3.5 8.3 8.4
35.1
2004
10 655
9 302
1 875
21 832
2000
16.8 3.8 8.7 8.6
37.9
2005
9 970
9 243
1 825
21 038
2001
15.8 4.8 10.7 8.6
39.9
2002
14.2 4.8 10.5 8.6
38.1
2006
10 390
9 602
1 939
21 931
2003
14.3 5.6 10.7 7.8
38.4
2004
16.1 6.8 10.7 6.4
40.0
PASSENGER CAR TRAFFIC
2005
15.6 8.1 10.0 5.2
38.9
VEHICLES PER DAY
2006
16.2 9.0 11.6 4.8
41.6
West coast
East coast
2007
15.5 9.7 13.3 5.7
44.2
Biriatou
Le Perthus
Other
(inc. A63)
(inc. A9)
crossings
TOTAL
2008
15.5 10.0 14.0 4.6 44.1
1997
30 200
19 400
27 800
77 400
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
'85/'97
+1.7 %
+3.6 %
+4.3 %
+2.5 %
+2.7 %
1998
30 230
20 601
33 168
83 999
'97/'07
+1.2 %
+8.5 %
+5.5 %
-5.6 %
+2.1 %
1999
33 188
20 678
33 412
87 278
'07/'08
+0.0 %
+3.1 %
+5.3 %
-19.3 %
-0.2 %
2000
40 923
24 390
31 962
97 275
2001
41 847
25 201
34 096
101 144
PYRENEE CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC 2
2002
41 812
28 544
37 654
108 010
Spain – France MILLION TONNES
2003
44 165
29 201
41 267
114 633
West coast
East coast
Total
Intermodal
2004
45 041
30 923
41 196
117 160
Hendaye – Irun
Cerbère /
pure rail
rail
2005
47 142
31 896
42 465
121 503
Port Bou
2006
47 172
32 180
43 228
122 580
1995
3.553
1996
3.995
1997
2.000
2.800
4.795
1998
1.934
2.500
4.442
1999
1.600
2.600
4.241
2.793
2000
1.800
2.800
4.583
2.995
2001
1.800
2.400
4.188
2.739
2002
1.739
2.413
4.161
3.033
2003
4.284
2.841
2004
4.563
3.050
2005
4.503
3.074
2006
4.471
3.366
144
145
S o u rce : O b s e r v a to r i o h i s p a n o - f r a n cé s d e Tra f i co e n l o s Pi r i n e o s, S p a i n
Sources: (1) Swiss Department for Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication
(UVEK); (2) Observatorio hispano-francés de Trafico en los Pirineos, Spain
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 6 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5
Rail
3 . 5 . 1
CHANNEL TUNNEL TRAFFIC
Road
LENGTH OF MOTORWAYS
UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE
SHUTTLE
km (at end of year)
Vehicles
Passengers
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
PASSENGER
FREIGHT
(1)
EU-27
41 885
47 970
54 700
62 000
63 400
65 100
thousand
thousand
thousand
million
EU-15
39 616
45 468
51 471
58 000
59 205
60 617
cars
coaches
EU-12
2 269
2 502
3 229
4 000
4 195
4 483
1995
1 223
23.0
391
4.2
BE
1 666
1 666
1 702
1 747
1 763
1 763
1996
2 077
58.0
519
7.9
BG
273
277
319
331
394
418
1997
2 329
54.0
268
8.6
CZ
357
414
501
564
633
657
1998
3 351
97.0
705
12.2
DK
611
796
923
1 032
1 032
1 111
1999
3 260
82.0
839
10.8
DE
10 854
11 190
11 712
12 363
12 531
12 594
2000
2 784
79.5
1 133
10.1
EE
41
65
93
99
99
96
2001
2 530
75.5
1 198
9.3
IE
26
70
103
247
270
269
2002
2 336
71.9
1 231
8.7
EL
190
421
615
1 047
1 050
1 103
2003
2 279
71.9
1 285
8.5
ES
4 976
6 962
9 049
11 432
12 073
13 014
2004
2 101
63.5
1 281
7.8
FR
6 824
8 275
9 766
10 798
10 848
10 958
2005
2 047
77.3
1 309
8.2
IT
6 193
6 435
6 478
6 542
6 554
6 588
2006
2 022
67.2
1 296
7.7
CY
120
167
257
276
257
257
2007
2 142
65.3
1 415
7.9
LV
-
-
-
-
-
-
2008
1 907
55.8
1 254
7.0
LT
421
394
417
417
309
309
LU
78
123
114
147
147
147
THROUGHTRAIN
HU
267
335
448
636
785
858
Passengers
Freight
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
thousand
million
NL
2 092
2 208
2 265
2 600
2 604
2 582
tonnes
AT
1 445
1 596
1 633
1 677
1 678
1 696
1995
2.920
1 411
PL
257
246
358
552
583
663
1996
4.866
2 361
PT
316
687
1 482
2 341
2 545
2 613
1997
6.004
2 925
RO
113
113
113
228
228
281
1998
6.307
3 141
SI
228
293
427
569
579
579
1999
6.593
2 865
SK
192
198
296
328
328
365
2000
7.130
2 947
FI
225
394
549
693
700
700
2001
6.947
2 447
SE
939
1 262
1 499
1 700
1 740
1 806
2002
6.603
1 464
UK
3 181
3 383
3 581
3 634
3 670
3 673
2003
6.315
1 744
HR
291
411
792
877
959
2004
7.277
1 899
MK
83
216
216
221
2005
7.454
1 588
TR
281
1 773
1 775
1 987
1 987
2006
7.858
1 569
IS
-
-
- 11
11
11
2007
8.261
1 214
2008
9.113
1 240
NO
73
107
144
264
271
239
CH
1 148
1 197
1 270
1 358
1 361
1 383
Notes: The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994.
Notes: ES: 'autopistas de peaje' and 'autovías y autopistas libres';
(1) Since 2000, estimate based on 2.52 passengers per car
CY: from 2006: without urban M-ways;
and 38.75 passengers per coach.
NL: all national roads ( 'Rijkswegen') with dual carriageways.
146
147
S o u rce : Eu ro t u n n e l, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l R o a d Fe d e r a t i o n , U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 2
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5 . 3
Road
Railways
LENGTH OF ROAD NET WORK
LENGTH OF LINES IN USE
km (end of 2007)
km
km
%
Main or
Secondary or
OF WHICH:
Motorways
national roads regional roads Other roads (*)
ELECTRIFIED
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2008
BE
1 763
12 613
1 349
137 870
EU-27
231 582 227 105 217 349 215 537 212 448 212 842 110 458
51.9
BG
418
2 975
16 032
EU-15
162 132 160 000 151 938 153 501 150 875 151 119
83 285
55.1
CZ
657
6 191
48 736
74 919
EU-12
69 450
67 105
65 411
62 036
61 573
61 723
27 173
44.0
DK
1 111
2 755
69 331
BE
3 479
3 368
3 471
3 544
3 374
3 513
2 955
84.1
DE
12 594
40 420
178 180
BG
4 299
4 294
4 320
4 154
4 143
4 144
2 827
68.2
EE
96
3 896
12 473
41 547
CZ
9 430
9 444
9 614
9 588
9 486
3 078
32.4
IE
269
5 159
11 645
79 447
DK
2 838
2 843
2 758
2 646
2 646
2 641
633
24.0
EL
1 103
10 189
30 864
75 600
DE
40 981
41 718
36 588
34 221
33 890
33 855
19 645
58.0
ES
13 014
12 832
140 165
501 053
EE
1 026
1
021
968
968
816 919 131
14.3
FR
10 958
9 861
377 377
628 987
IE
1 944
1 954
1 919
1 919
1 919
1 919
52
2.7
IT
6 588
19 290
156 258
EL
2 484
2 474
2 385
2 576
2 551
2 552
264
10.3
CY
257 2
131 1
950 3
504
ES
14 539
14 291
13 868
14 452
15 012
15 041
8 770
58.3
LV
0
1 647
18 532
49 608
FR
34 070
31 939
29 272
29 286
29 918
29 901
15 401
51.5
LT
309
6 387
14 625
59 394
IT
16 066
16 003
16 187
16 545
16 667
16 861
11 927
70.7
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LU
147 837 1
891
LV
2 397
2 413
2 331
2 270
2 265
2 263
257
11.4
HU
858
6 746
23 579
158 760
LT
2 007
2 002
1 905
1 771
1 766
1 765
122
6.9
MT
0 184 665
1
379
LU
271
275
274
275
275 275 262
95.3
NL
2 582
2 430
7 899
122 559
HU
7 838
7 714
8 005
7 950
7 942
7 892
2 848
36.1
AT
1 696
10 410
23 652
71 059
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PL
663
17 859
28 455
211 934
NL
2 798
2 739
2 802
2 797
2 888
2 896
2 155
74.4
PT
2 613
5 883
4 406
AT
5 624
5 672
5 665
5 691
5 818
5 664
3 510
62.0
RO
281 15
837 64
775
PL
26 228
23 986
22 560
19 507
19 419
19 627
11 856
60.4
SI
579
976
4 921
32 233
PT
3 064
2 850
2 814
2 844
2 838
2 842
1 460
51.4
SK
365
3 374
14 144
25 942
RO
11 348
11 376
11 015
10 948
10 777
10 777
3 974
36.9
FI
700 12
629 13
466 51
365
SI
1 196
1 201
1 201
1 228
1 228
1 228
503
41.0
SE
1 806
13 519
83 131
326 984
SK
3 668
3 662
3 626
3 629
3 622
1 577
43.5
UK
3 673
49 016
122 281
245 027
FI
5 867
5 880
5 854
5 732
5 899
5 919
3 067
51.8
HR
959
7 160
10 544
10 375
SE
11 193
10 925
11 037
11 017
10 972
11 022
7 866
71.4
MK
221 690 3
774 9
155
UK
16 914
17 069
17 044
19 956
16 208
16 218
5 318
32.8
TR
1 987
31 333
30 579
HR
2 429
2 296
2 726
2 726
2 722
2 722
985
36.2
IS
11 4
213 3
999 4
825
MK
696
699
699
699
699 699 234
33.5
NO
239 27
091 27
073 38
466
TR
8 429
8 549
8 671
8 697
8 697
8 699
1 928
22.2
CH
1 383
381
18 136
51 446
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes: (*) The definition of road types varies from country to country, the data
NO
4 044
4 023
4 179
4 087
4 114
4 114
2 552
62.0
are therefore not comparable; 'Other roads' sometimes includes roads
without a hard surface.
CH
3 215
3 232
3 216
3 399
3 563
3 557
3 557
100.0
EL and MT : end of 2005 (except for motorways).
148
149
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l R o a d Fe d e r a t i o n , n a t i o n a l s t at i s t i c s
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r,
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 4
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5 . 5
Railways
Railways
HIGH SPEED RAIL NET WORK
MAIN RAILWAY GAUGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT USED
LENGTH OF LINES 1
km (at end of year)
TRACK GAUGE
ELECTRIC CURRENT
BE
DE
ES
FR
IT
NL
UK
EU
mm
dc volts
ac volts
1985
-
-
-
419
224
-
-
643
BE
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
1990
-
90
-
710
224
-
-
1 024
BG
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
1995
-
447 471
1
281 248
-
-
2 447
CZ
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
2000
72 636 471
1
281 248
-
-
2 708
DK
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
2001
72 636 471
1
540 248
-
-
2 967
800 - 1 200
DE
1 435
15 000
16.7 Hz
(contact rail)
2002
137 833 471
1
540 248
-
-
3 229
EE
1 520
3 000
2003
137 875 1
069 1
540 248
-
74 3 943
IE
1 600
1 500
2004
137 1
196 1
069 1
540 248
-
74 4 264
600
2005
137 1
196 1
090 1
540 248
-
74 4 285
EL
1 000
25 000
50 Hz
1 435
2006
137 1
285 1
272 1
540 562
-
74 4 870
1 000
ES
1 500
2007
137 1
285 1
516 1
872 562
-
113 5 485
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
(*)
3 000
1 668
2008
137 1
285 1
594 1
872 744
-
113 5 745
750 - 850
1 000
FR
(contact rail)
25 000
50 Hz
2009
209
1 285
1 614
1 961
876
120
113
6 178
1 435
1 500
IT
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
Notes: Length of lines or of sections of lines on which trains can go faster
than 250 km/h at some point during the journey.
CY
-
-
-
-
LV
1 520
3 000
HIGHSPEED LINES CURRENTLY UNDER CONSTRUCTION 2
LT
1 520
25 000
50 Hz
START OF
LU
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
LINE
LENGTH km
OPERATION
HU
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
DE München – Augsburg
62 2010
MT
-
-
-
-
DE Gröbers – Erfurt
98 2015
NL
1 435
1 500
DE Nürnberg – Erfurt
218 2017
AT
1 435
15 000
16.7 Hz
Madrid –
ES
902 2012
PL
1 435
3 000
Valencia / Alicante / Murcia
1 000
ES Vitoria – Bilbao – San Sebastian
175 2012
PT
25 000
50 Hz
1 668
ES Variante de Pajares
50 2012
RO
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
ES Ourense – Santiago
88 2012
SI
1 435
3 000
ES Bobadilla – Granada
109 2012
SK
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
ES La Coruña – Vigo
158 2012
FI
1 524
25 000
50 Hz
ES Barcelona – Figueres
132 2012
SE
1 435
15 000
16.7 Hz
FR Nîmes – Montpellier
70 2012
1 435
750
UK
1 600
25 000
50 Hz
(contact rail)
FR Dijon – Mulhouse
140 2012
(N-IRL)
Notes: The length indicated above is the length of the line under construction and not
Notes: 1 435 mm = standard gauge.
necessarily the distance between the places named.
(*) ES: new lines have a gauge of 1 435 mm and an electric current of 25 000, 50 Hz.
UK: (N-IRL): Northern Ireland.
150
151
Source: (1) Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer, high speed depar tment,
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, r a i l w ay co m p a n i e s
national sources; (2) Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer, national sources
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 6
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5 . 7
Air
Inland Waterways
NUMBER OF AIRPORTS
LENGTH IN USE
NAVIGABLE CANALS, RIVERS AND
LAKES REGULARLY USED FOR TRANSPORT
BY NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED * PER YEAR
km
more
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
than 10
5 to 10
1 to 5
500 000 to 100 000
15 000
million
million
million
1 million to 500 000 to 100 000
EU-27
38 963
42 368
42 537
42 706
42 709
EU-27
30
31
94
39
116
90
EU-15
29 474
29 608
33 306
33 538
33 707
33 710
EU-15
29
27
78
35
106
81
EU-12
9 355
9 062
8 999
8 999
8 999
EU-12
1
4
16
4
10
9
BE
1 515
1 540
1 532
1 532
1 532
1 532
BE
1
1
3
BG
470
470
470
470 470 470
BG
3
1
CZ
677
664
664 664 664
CZ
1
2
1
DK
-
-
-
-
-
-
DK
1
2
1
2
3
DE
6 669
7 343
7 300
7 305
7 309
7 309
DE
6
3
10
2
10
9
EE
520
320
320 320 320
EE
1
1
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
1
2
1
3
3
EL
6
6
6
6
6
6
EL
1
1
5
3
12
11
ES
70
70
70
70 70 70
ES
4
6
16
2
6
6
FR
6 197
5 962
5 789
5 372
5 372
5 372
FR
3
3
11
7
22
14
IT
1 366
1 466
1 477
1 562
1 562
1 562
IT
2
5
14
4
9
5
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
1
1
LV
12
12
12
12 12 12
LV
1
1
LT
369
369
380
425 425 425
LT
1
2
LU
37
37
37
37 37 37
LU
1
HU
1 373
1 373
1 373
1 440
1 440
1 440
HU
1
2
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
1
NL
5 046
5 046
6 183
6 183
6 211
6 215
NL
1
1
1
2
AT
351
351
351
351 351 351
AT
1
1
3
1
PL
3 997
3 980
3 813
3 638
3 638
3 638
PL
1
5
1
3
PT
124
124
124
124 124 124
PT
1
1
2
1
3
2
RO
1
1
2
3
2
RO
1 782
1 782
1 779
1 779
1 779
1 779
SI
1
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
SK
1
1
1
SK
172
251
251 251 251
FI
1
2
9
9
FI
6 072
6 120
8 894
9 541
9 678
9 677
SE
1
4
3
14
9
SE
390
390
390
390 390 390
UK
5
8
8
5
10
10
UK
1 631
1 153
1 153
1 065
1 065
1 065
HR
3
3
HR
MK
1
1
MK
-
-
-
-
-
-
TR
2
2
5
6
10
12
TR
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
1
3
3
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
1
6
4
9
22
NO
-
-
-
-
-
-
CH
2
1
1
2
CH
1 217
1 208
1 244
1 240
1 240
1 240
Notes: (*) 'Passengers carried' do not include direct transit passengers (i.e. transit
Notes: The inland waterways of EL (Korinthos Canal), ES (Guadalquivir) and
passengers who stay on board and continue their flight with the same flight
PT (Douro, Guadiana, Tejo) are used by seagoing ships only.
number). Airports are grouped according to 2008 passenger volumes.
FI: includes all public waterways and inland boat routes.
In this table, blank means none.
CH: lakes and rivers mainly used for public transport of passengers.
152
153
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 8
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6
3 . 6 . 1
Pipelines
Road
MOTORISATION
LENGTH OF OIL PIPELINES
km
NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS PER THOUSAND INHABITANTS
%
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
32 867
33 573
33 589
33 675
EU-27
345 380 417 448 455 463 470 1.5
EU-15
19 125
20 631
22 162
22 770
22 786
22 872
EU-15
406 435 465 489 495 500 501 0.3
EU-12
10 705
10 803
10 803
10 803
EU-12
140 190 242 296 307 325 352 8.2
BE
301
294
294
294 294 294
BE
387 421 456 468 470 473 477 0.8
BG
578
578
578
578 578 578
BG
152 196 245 329 230 272 311 14.2
CZ
568
675
675 675 675
CZ
234 295 335 386 399 412 423 2.5
DK
444
330
330
330 330 330
DK
309 320 347 362 371 378 381 0.8
DE
3 038
2 460
2 370
2 370
2 370
2 370
DE
461 495 475 493 498 501 504 0.6
EE
-
-
-
-
-
-
EE
154 269 339 367 413 391 412 5.4
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
228 276 348 400 418 434 439 1.2
EL
-
-
-
122 122 122
EL
170 207 292 387 407 428 446 4.3
ES
2 678
3 691
3 780
3 833
3 841
3 904
ES
309 360 431 463 470 481 483 0.6
FR
4 948
4 983
5 746
5 746
5 746
5 746
FR
476 481 503 497 502 506 498 -1.6
IT
4 086
4 235
4 346
4 328
4 336
4 359
IT
483 533 572 590 597 598 601 0.5
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
304 335 384 463 479 521 557 6.9
LV
766
766
766
860 860 860
LV
106 134 236 324 360 398 413 3.5
LT
400
500
500 500 500
LT
133 199 336 428 470 472 499 5.8
LU
-
-
-
-
-
-
LU
477 556 622 655 661 665 667 0.3
HU
2 043
2 047
2 047
2 047
HU
187 218 232 287 293 300 305 1.6
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
337 487 483 525 535 548 555 1.2
NL
391
391
418
418 418 418
NL
367 364 409 434 442 451 458 1.5
AT
777
777
777
777 777 777
AT
388 452 511 504 508 510 513 0.5
PL
2 039
2 278
2 278
2 278
2 278
2 278
PL
138 195 261 323 351 383 422 10.2
PT
-
-
147
147 147 147
PT
185 255 336 397 405 412 415 0.6
RO
3 694
3 350
3 350
3 350
3 350
RO
56 97 124 156 167 164 187 13.9
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
SI
294 357 435 479 488 504 514 1.9
SK
515
515
515 515 515
SK
166 189 237 242 247 265 285 7.5
FI
-
-
-
-
-
-
FI
388 371 412 462 475 485 507 4.6
SE
-
-
-
-
-
-
SE
419 411 450 459 461 464 462 -0.3
UK
2 462
3 470
3 954
4 405
4 405
4 405
UK
361 378 425 469 471 476 475 -0.1
HR
865
601
601
610 610 610
HR
155 253 312 323 336 346 3.0
MK
144 144 144
MK
145 148 124 119 131 142 7.8
TR
3 065
3 065
3 080
TR
49 65 80 88 92 95 3.6
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
468 445 561 625 641 658 657 -0.2
NO
521
1 189
1 189
1 189
NO
380 386 411 437 445 455 458 0.6
CH
239
108
108 108 108
CH
442 457 492 518 519 521 518 -0.6
Notes: Including oil pipelines under the sea.
Notes: Passenger car stock at end of year n has been divided by the population
DE: crude oil pipelines only.
on 1 January of year n+1.
154
155
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 6 . 2 a n d 1 . 5
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 2
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 3
Road
Road
PASSENGER CARS
BUSES AND COACHES
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
thousand
%
thousand
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27 163 048 181 751 200 868 220 223 224 676 229 764 234 081
1.9
EU-27
738.2 752.9 776.8 790.3 790.9 797.6 816.9
2.4
EU-15 148 041 161 539 175 513 189 611 192 985 196 160 197 711
0.8
EU-15
480.1 483.7 523.3 548.5 558.3 566.1 571.9
1.0
EU-12
15 007 20 212 25 355 30 612 31 691 33 604 36 371
8.2
EU-12
258.1
269.3
253.5
241.8
232.6
231.4
245.0
5.9
BE
3 864
4 273
4 678
4 919
4 976
5 049
5 131
1.6
BE
15.6
14.6
14.7
15.4
15.3
15.5
16.0
3.3
BG
1 317
1 648
1 993
2 538
1 768
2 082
2 366
13.7
BG
34.6
41.8
43.0
37.8
22.8
23.9
25.4
6.3
CZ
2 410
3 043
3 439
3 959
4 109
4 280
4 423
3.3
CZ
20.5
20.5
19.0
20.9
21.1
21.2
21.1
-0.2
DK
1 590
1 679
1 854
1 965
2 020
2 068
2 099
1.5
DK
8.1
13.7
14.0
14.4
14.6
14.5
14.5
-0.2
DE
36 772 40 499 39 059 40 660 41 020 41 184 41 321
0.3
DE
100.4
85.4
77.2
75.2
75.1
75.1
75.3
0.3
EE
241
383
464
494
554
524
552
5.4
EE
7.9
7.0
6.1
5.2
5.4
4.3
4.3
-0.4
IE
801
998
1 333
1 684
1 802
1 910
1 953
2.3
IE
4.0
5.3
7.0
7.6
8.0
8.5
8.9
5.4
EL
1 736
2 205
3 195
4 303
4 543
4 799
5 024
4.7
EL
21.4
24.6
27.0
26.8
26.9
27.1
27.2
0.3
ES
11 996 14 212 17 449 20 250 20 909 21 760 22 145
1.8
ES
45.8
47.4
54.7
58.2
59.1
61.0
62.2
1.9
FR
27 072 27 872 29 808 30 497 31 002 31 443 31 109
-1.1
FR
73.7
81.8
85.7
90.1
92.2
94.4
92.9
-1.6
IT
27 416 30 301 32 584 34 667 35 297 35 680 36 105
1.2
IT
77.7
75.0
88.0
94.4
96.1
96.4
97.6
1.2
CY
179
220
268
355
373
411
444
7.9
CY
2.3
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.3
LV
283
332
557
742
822
905
933
3.1
LV
12.1
16.5
11.5
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.5
-0.8
LT
493
718
1 172
1 455
1 592
1 588
1 671
5.2
LT
15.2
17.6
15.5
15.3
15.6
14.5
14.3
-1.2
LU
183
229
273
307
315
322
329
2.3
LU
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
6.2
HU
1 944
2 245
2 365
2 889
2 954
3 012
3 055
1.4
HU
26.4
20.5
17.9
17.5
17.7
17.9
18.0
0.3
MT
120
181
189
213
218
225
229
2.0
MT
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
0.9
NL
5 509
5 633
6 539
7 092
7 230
7 392
7 542
2.0
NL
12.1
11.6
11.4
11.0
10.8
11.1
11.3
2.2
AT
2 991
3 594
4 097
4 157
4 205
4 246
4 285
0.9
AT
9.4
9.8
9.9
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.4
0.7
PL
5 261
7 517
9 991 12 339 13 384 14 589 16 080
10.2
PL
92.4
85.4
82.6
79.6
83.5
87.6
92.4
5.5
PT
1 849
2 560
3 443
4 200
4 290
4 379
4 408
0.7
PT
12.1
15.0
19.8
14.7
15.0
15.1
15.4
2.0
RO
1 292
2 197
2 778
3 364
3 603
3 541
4 027
13.7
RO
28.3
42.0
40.7
39.3
40.4
34.2
41.5
21.4
SI
587
711
866
960
980
1 014
1 045
3.1
SI
3.1
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.1
SK
880
1 016
1 274
1 304
1 334
1 434
1 545
7.7
SK
14.3
11.8
10.9
9.1
8.8
10.5
10.5
0.5
FI
1 939
1 901
2 135
2 430
2 506
2 570
2 700
5.1
FI
9.3
8.1
9.9
10.9
11.2
11.5
12.3
6.4
SE
3 601
3 631
3 999
4 154
4 202
4 258
4 279
0.5
SE
14.6
14.6
14.4
13.5
13.6
13.3
13.5
1.2
UK
20 722 21 951 25 067 28 326 28 667 29 101 29 279
0.6
UK
75.0
75.9
88.6
105.6
109.7
111.9
114.0
1.9
HR
711
1 125
1 385
1 436
1 491
1 535
3.0
HR
5.8
3.9
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
1.1
MK
286
300
253
242
269
290
8.0
MK
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.8
TR
3 059
4 422
5 773
6 141
6 472
6 797
5.0
TR
188.1
263.2
354.3
501.9
533.5
561.7
583.5
3.9
IS
120
119
159
187
197
208
210
1.1
IS
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
0.6
NO
1 613
1 685
1 852
2 029
2 084
2 155
2 197
2.0
NO
21.2
32.5
36.7
28.8
27.0
25.2
23.3
-7.5
CH
2 985
3 229
3 545
3 861
3 900
3 956
3 990
0.9
CH
31.2
36.5
40.3
45.8
46.4
48.0
48.5
1.1
LI
17
19
22
24
24
24
25
4.5
LI
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-2.0
Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August, CH: 30 September, LI: 1 July.
Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August, CH: 30 September, LI: 1 July.
Taxis are usually included.
Data include buses, coaches, minibuses and sometimes also trolleybuses.
156
157
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 4
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 5
Road
Road
GOODS VEHICLES
POWERED T WOWHEELERS
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
thousand
%
thousand
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
22 811.7 27 098.5 31 177.1 32 083.7 33 193.6 33 970.3
2.3
EU-27
29 703.5
30 775.1 31 709.0
32 881.5
3.7
EU-15 17 536.5 19 849.3 23 256.0 26 452.9 27 214.1 28 080.5 28 159.8
0.3
EU-15
20 805.5
27 127.6
28 123.0 28 931.5
29 736.6
2.8
EU-12
2 962.4 3 842.5 4 724.2 4 869.5 5 113.2 5 810.5
13.6
EU-12
2 575.9
2 652.1
2 777.4
3 144.9
13.2
BE
380.4
442.5
548.4
652.1
670.4
690.7
711.9
3.1
BE
277.8
346.3
359.8
374.7
388.3
3.6
BG
161.6
223.2
259.4
333.9
226.1
261.3
299.2
14.5
BG
519.3
520.5
146.5
76.3
90.3
106.9
18.4
CZ
219.3
298.3
439.2
490.9
554.8
607.4
9.5
CZ
915.2
748.1
794.0
822.7
860.1
892.8
3.8
DK
286.6
333.8
384.9
469.5
508.8
536.6
531.4
-1.0
DK
58.0
138.3
171.9
184.0
197.2
204.8
3.9
DE
1 653.0 2 378.7 2 419.1 2 404.9 2 471.2 2 503.0 2 523.6
0.8
DE
3 995.5
4 438.1
5 202.9
5 405.9
5 550.0
5 852.3
5.4
EE
67.7
65.6
82.1
86.2
92.9
80.3
83.4
3.8
EE
3.3
6.7
10.2
12.6
14.8
17.6
19.2
IE
143.2
141.8
205.6
286.5
318.6
345.9
351.3
1.6
IE
23.5
30.6
34.3
34.9
37.2
39.4
6.0
EL
766.4
883.8 1 057.4 1 186.5 1 219.9 1 255.9 1 289.5
2.7
EL
781.4
1 124.2
1 205.8
1 298.7
1 388.6
6.9
ES
2 401.1 3 024.2 3 923.2 4 849.6 5 087.3 5 353.3 5 405.6
1.0
ES
1 301.2
1 445.6
4 117.6
4 437.6
4 741.8
4 911.5
3.6
FR
4 670.0 4 926.0 5 151.7 5 346.7 5 344.8 5 476.0 5 212.0
-4.8
FR
2 289.0
2 410.0
2 475.3
2 543.6
2 636.7
2 704.2
2.6
IT
2 349.0 2 708.8 3 377.6 4 179.7 4 331.7 4 437.6 4 534.7
2.2
IT
6 228.3
7 826.9
9 298.4
9 338.8
9 280.3
9 189.1
-1.0
CY
74.3
101.2
114.7
118.4
115.7
117.5
121.8
3.6
CY
50.4
43.3
40.4
40.4
41.2
43.2
4.9
LV
68.7
97.1
113.1
121.1
129.6
129.8
0.1
LV
15.8
20.7
32.5
36.9
44.4
51.3
15.5
LT
83.0
108.9
98.6
122.5
135.5
147.6
150.1
1.7
LT
20.0
19.8
24.0
25.5
35.3
45.6
29.3
LU
11.3
15.8
24.7
29.6
30.7
32.5
34.4
5.8
LU
28.4
32.8
37.7
38.6
39.5
40.3
2.0
HU
262.0
292.1
366.4
427.6
444.4
459.4
470.8
2.5
HU
91.2
122.7
130.2
135.9
141.5
4.2
MT
40.8
51.5
44.4
45.5
46.9
48.2
2.9
MT
17.4
12.4
12.0
12.3
12.8
14.4
12.7
NL
553.0
654.0
899.0 1 004.5
995.7 1 010.4 1 025.9
1.5
NL
855.0
970.8
1 112.9
1 279.7
1 371.6
1 479.5
7.9
AT
261.8
302.9
344.5
358.0
364.3
372.6
381.3
2.3
AT
546.4
632.7
627.7
645.3
667.6
691.2
3.5
PL
1 354.1 1 879.1 2 304.5 2 392.7 2 520.5 2 922.0
15.9
PL
929.0
803.0
1 091.2
1 190.1
1 350.8
1 607.3
19.0
PT
781.0
912.3 1 313.2 1 308.0 1 320.0 1 333.0 1 350.0
1.3
PT
216.3
345.9
588.4
558.7
536.6
550.0
2.5
RO
258.7
343.1
427.2
493.8
545.3
502.0
645.3
28.6
RO
327.7
239.2
197.4
194.0
56.5
71.8
27.2
SI
30.8
42.9
54.3
66.4
70.1
77.6
83.9
8.2
SI
8.5
11.2
48.7
53.2
71.5
82.0
14.7
SK
92.0
102.6
114.0
174.2
189.3
215.7
248.7
15.3
SK
81.8
45.6
56.4
58.1
63.9
70.3
10.0
FI
264.2
252.0
304.3
363.6
376.1
394.7
424.5
7.5
FI
159.5
193.4
301.8
338.4
376.5
421.5
12.0
SE
309.5
307.7
374.2
461.2
479.8
504.1
510.2
1.2
SE
264.2
310.1
453.1
497.7
528.1
553.9
4.9
UK
2 706.0 2 565.0 2 928.3 3 552.4 3 694.7 3 834.0 3 873.5
1.0
UK
714.0
971.0
1 235.0
1 254.0
1 295.0
1 322.0
2.1
HR
73.5
122.5
162.9
169.7
176.7
180.3
2.0
HR
9.9
21.9
128.4
143.5
162.7
183.8
12.9
MK
22.6
24.6
18.0
17.0
17.6
18.0
2.0
MK
1.7
3.4
4.7
5.0
6.2
TR
830.0 1 351.8 2 152.0 2 405.2 2 619.7 2 810.2
7.3
TR
819.9
1 011.3
1 441.1
1 822.8
2 003.5
2 181.4
8.9
IS
13.1
14.8
19.4
25.5
28.1
31.1
31.8
2.3
IS
1.9
2.3
4.2
5.7
8.1
9.0
11.6
NO
308.3
349.5
414.3
465.4
488.6
513.7
523.4
1.9
NO
158.6
201.6
257.5
268.5
282.5
296.4
4.9
CH
252.1
262.4
278.5
307.2
314.0
324.2
326.2
0.6
CH
370.7
493.8
591.9
608.7
619.2
636.5
2.8
LI
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.7
5.1
LI
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
5.6
Notes: Stock at end of year except for BE: 1 August CH: 30 September LI: 1 July.
Notes: Stock at end of year except for BE: 1 August CH: 30 September LI: 1 July.
As a rule, data include heavy and light goods vehicles, lorries and road tractors;
National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered two-wheelers
due to varying concepts of such vehicles, data are not fully comparable
and are therefore not fully comparable between countries. Tricycles and quads
between countries.
are sometimes included in the data. Break in time series due to inclusion of
mopeds from 2001 in ES, from 2002 in SI and HR, from 2004 in LV, from 2005
in PL and from 2007 in LT.
158
159
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
Eu ro p é e n s d e M o to c yc l e s (AC E M )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 6
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 7
Road
Road
PASSENGER CARS
GOODS VEHICLES
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
thousand
%
LIGHT COMMERCIAL
COMMERCIAL
HEAVY COMMERCIAL
VEHICLES
VEHICLES
VEHICLES
CHANGE
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
'08/ '09
<3.5t
>3.5t & <16t
>16t
EU-27
15 092.2
15 450.4
15 605.0
14 361.6
14 178.7
-1.3
EU-15
14 319.1
14 111.9
14 367.3
14 363.8
13 152.9
13 298.5
1.1
2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
EU-12
980.3
1 083.1
1 241.1
1 208.6
880.3
-27.2
EU-27 1 937 226 1 366 346
-29.5
BE
515.2
480.1
526.1
524.8
535.9
476.2
-11.1
EU-15 1 743 400 1 256 799
-27.9
97 350
67 379
-30.8 258 860 143 347
-44.6
BG
32.7
32.5
41.0
43.8
25.0
-42.9
EU-12 193 826 109 547
-43.5
CZ
151.7
156.7
174.5
182.6
167.7
-8.1
BE
67 546
53 620
-20.6
2 934
2 630
-10.4
9 590
6 202
-35.3
DK
112.7
146.9
154.4
159.3
150.1
112.2
-25.3
BG
11 478
4 275
-62.8
DE
3 378.3
3 319.3
3 468.0
3 148.2
3 090.0
3 807.2
23.2
CZ
20 269
13 007
-35.8
3 895
2 012
-48.3
7 509
3 117
-58.5
EE
19.6
25.4
30.9
24.6
9.9
-59.5
DK
33 602
15 207
-54.7
1 157
575
-50.3
5 516
2 677
-51.5
IE
230.8
171.7
178.5
186.3
151.6
57.5
-62.1
DE 223 525 170 067
-23.9
37 792
26 177
-30.7
67 797
40 322
-40.5
EL
290.2
269.7
267.7
279.7
267.3
219.7
-17.8
EE
2 976
1 175
-60.5
109
25
-77.1
1 192
231
-80.6
ES
1 381.3
1 528.9
1 634.6
1 614.8
1 161.2
952.8
-17.9
IE
28 163
8 611
-69.4
2 079
859
-58.7
2 609
699
-73.2
FR
2 133.9
2 067.8
2 000.5
2 064.5
2 050.3
2 302.4
12.3
EL
22 205
14 499
-34.7
1 287
988
-23.2
1 503
889
-40.9
IT
2 423.1
2 237.4
2 326.0
2 493.1
2 161.7
2 158.9
-0.1
ES 165 872 106 527
-35.8
7 338
3 999
-45.5
24 729
8 280
-66.5
CY
8.2
19.2
20.3
25.1
24.2
15.5
-36.0
FR 458 937 372 590
-18.8
9 707
7 599
-21.7
48 163
28 576
-40.7
LV
16.6
25.6
32.8
19.8
5.4
-72.9
IT 223 885 175 405
-21.7
9 286
6 714
-27.7
25 191
12 372
-50.9
LT
10.5
14.2
21.6
22.2
7.5
-66.2
CY
5 228
4 250
-18.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
LU
41.9
48.5
50.8
51.3
52.4
47.3
-9.7
LV
2 041
520
-74.5
179
49
-72.6
1 811
251
-86.1
HU
199.0
187.7
171.7
153.3
60.2
-60.7
LT
3 000
776
-74.1
390
100
-74.4
3 084
414
-86.6
MT
6.6
6.7
6.2
5.5
6.0
8.1
LU
4 028
3 063
-24.0
209
135
-35.4
1 584
790
-50.1
NL
597.6
465.2
484.0
505.5
499.9
387.2
-22.5
HU
21 559
10 619
-50.7
AT
309.4
307.9
308.6
298.2
293.7
319.4
8.8
MT
783
472
-39.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
PL
235.5
239.0
293.3
320.0
320.2
0.1
NL
84 654
51 281
-39.4
2 555
1 794
-29.8
15 719
9 963
-36.6
PT
257.8
206.5
194.7
201.8
213.4
161.0
-24.5
AT
32 763
25 582
-21.9
1 158
864
-25.4
7 432
3 926
-47.2
RO
172.5
256.4
315.6
271.0
130.2
-52.0
PL
55 896
40 232
-28.0
6 004
3 650
-39.2
16 401
6 235
-62.0
SI
59.3
59.6
68.7
71.6
58.0
-19.0
PT
55 398
38 905
-29.8
1 048
847
-19.2
4 486
2 364
-47.3
SK
57.1
59.1
59.7
70.0
74.7
6.7
RO
36 414
14 086
-61.3
3 744
973
-74.0
8 762
1 619
-81.5
FI
134.6
147.9
145.7
125.3
139.6
88.3
-36.7
SI
7 282
4 426
-39.2
401
227
-43.4
2 175
531
-75.6
SE
290.5
274.3
282.8
306.8
254.0
213.4
-16.0
SK
26 900
15 709
-41.6
1 075
473
-56.0
3 767
1 188
-68.5
UK
2 221.7
2 439.7
2 344.9
2 404.0
2 131.8
1 995.0
-6.4
FI
16 395
8 693
-47.0
1 149
991
-13.8
3 485
2 178
-37.5
HR
92.4
102.1
114.4
106.2
95.7
53.3
-44.4
SE
39 269
27 432
-30.1
1 036
714
-31.1
5 962
4 783
-19.8
MK
UK 287 158 185 317
-35.5
18 615
12 493
-32.9
35 094
19 326
-44.9
TR
406.8
396.5
353.5
353.2
IS
1 227
302
-75.4
97
18
-81.4
178
30
-83.1
IS
13.6
18.1
17.1
15.9
9.0
2.1
-76.6
NO
34 870
23 504
-32.6
1 869
1 276
-31.7
4 659
2 822
-39.4
NO
97.4
109.9
109.2
129.2
110.6
98.7
-10.8
CH
26 275
23 110
-12.0
1 287
1 150
-10.6
3 876
3 292
-15.1
CH
316.5
264.9
269.5
284.7
288.6
266.0
-7.8
Notes: (1) Data included under 'Light commercial vehicles'.
160
161
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
d 'Au to m o b i l e s (AC E A) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
d 'Au to m o b i l e s (AC E A) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 8
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 9
Road
Road
BUSES AND COACHES
MOTORCYCLES
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
LIGHT BUSES &
BUSES &
HEAVY BUSES
thousand
%
COACHES
COACHES
& COACHES
CHANGE
<3.5t
>3.5t & <16t
>16t
TOTAL
%
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
EU-15
1 333.2
1 296.0
1 418.5
1 470.0
1 355.4
-7.8
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
EU-12
EU-27
BE
25.3
25.0
27.3
30.1
26.4
-12.4
EU-15
5 908
3 913 13 993 11 842 22 537 21 490 42 438 37 245
-12.2
BG
EU-12
CZ
3.9
7.6
8.4
10.0
9.6
-3.4
BE
31
23
369
272
806
684
1 206
979
-18.8
DK
3.3
5.8
7.6
9.8
6.7
-31.6
BG
DE
252.6
168.7
165.8
166.9
166.3
-0.4
CZ
1
0
335
335
888
611
1 224
946
-22.7
EE
0.1
0.3
0.8
1.3
1.2
-5.4
DK
537
348
225
300
429
464
1 191
1 112
-6.6
IE
3.8
2.4
2.5
2.9
2.6
-8.2
DE
28
12
1 226
987
4 631
4 613
5 885
5 612
-4.6
EL
64.0
83.1
88.5
100.5
100.1
-0.3
EE
26
1
96
85
22
26
144
112
-22.2
ES
72.0
205.6
258.4
269.5
209.9
-22.1
IE
600
130
116
107
436
130
1 152
367
-68.1
FR
179.6
196.6
229.4
239.0
237.6
-0.6
EL
61
57
162
318
352
637
575
1 012
76.0
IT
524.6
420.5
445.0
436.0
408.2
-6.4
ES
1 172
849
2 299
1 795
3 471
2 644
-23.8
CY
2.5
2.9
3.7
4.5
20.2
FR
9
2
1 689
1 659
4 926
5 773
6 624
7 434
12.2
LV
0.4
0.8
1.5
1.6
2.5
IT
41
26
1 932
1 770
2 770
1 473
4 743
3 269
-31.1
LT
0.4
1.7
2.5
4.4
5.6
27.2
CY
64
(1)
(1)
64
LU
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
-4.5
LV
26
5
140
30
57
22
223
57
-74.4
HU
12.5
12.0
12.8
12.3
-3.9
LT
95
21
95
91
4
1
194
113
-41.8
MT
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
8.3
LU
19
34
206
175
225
209
-7.1
NL
19.6
16.8
14.8
16.2
17.0
4.5
HU
748
666
-11.0
AT
23.8
19.1
18.9
23.7
24.5
3.1
MT
21
25
0
0
1
3
22
28
27.3
PL
3.8
5.1
7.6
10.7
41.2
NL
487
110
724
1 052
1 211
1 162
-4.0
PT
17.7
11.2
11.4
12.0
10.8
-10.2
AT
12
155
116
783
528
950
644
-32.2
RO
93.8
PL
2 891
1 817
0
2
2 891
1 819
-37.1
SI
1.2
2.5
3.6
5.1
5.3
4.6
SK
1.2
2.1
3.1
3.1
-0.2
PT
438
311
358
318
796
629
-21.0
FI
5.2
9.2
11.1
11.5
9.1
-21.4
RO
2 686
877
522
8
968
204
4 176
1 089
-73.9
SE
18.4
22.8
27.1
30.7
20.4
-33.5
SI
8
9
59
51
131
75
198
135
-31.8
UK
121.9
108.1
109.5
119.9
114.5
-4.5
SK
5
7
246
225
345
442
596
674
13.1
HR
6.7
7.8
9.0
8.8
-1.8
FI
72
21
261
302
270
266
603
589
-2.3
MK
3.3
SE
134
134
396
260
680
782
1 210
1 176
-2.8
TR
227.7
389.5
191.9
189.6
-1.2
UK
4 383
3 160
5 346
4 447
2 867
2 800 12 596 10 407
-17.4
IS
IS
26
6
11
2
7
0
44
8
-81.8
NO
6.2
7.8
9.6
10.1
5.7
NO
58
55
483
396
691
709
1 232
1 160
-5.8
CH
45.1
45.6
47.9
48.6
1.6
CH
470
514
154
191
727
418
1 351
1 123
-16.9
Notes: CY: new and used;
Notes: (1) Figures included in other categories.
IT: all two-wheelers over 50cc;
MT: including mopeds.
162
163
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
d 'Au to m o b i l e s (AC E A) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
d e M o to c yc l e s (AC E M ) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 0
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 1
Road
Sea
MOPEDS
EU MERCHANT FLEET
NEW VEHICLE DELIVERIES
SHIPS OF 1 000 grt AND OVER
thousand
%
On 1 January 2008
CHANGE
FOREIGN FLAG
SHARE OF
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
TOTAL FLEET
INCLUDING
FOREIGN FLAG
CONTROLLED
NATIONAL FLAG
OTHER EU
IN TOTAL FLEET
EU-27
EU-15
1 094.9
776.6
745.8
781.5
708.7
-9.3
Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt
EU-12
EU-27
11 130
392.1
3 498
123.0
7 632
269.0
BE
33.2
17.3
20.3
21.4
19.6
-8.5
EU-15
10 252
377.4
3 196
118.1
7 056
259.3
BG
EU-12
878
14.7
302
4.9
576
9.8
BE
177
11.6
65
5.9
112
5.7
63.3 %
49.1 %
CZ
8.0
6.1
6.1
5.7
-6.8
BG
107
1.8
69
1.2
38
0.6
35.5 %
31.5 %
DK
9.8
4.9
4.5
4.5
3.7
-18.8
CZ
1
0.0
1
0.0
100.0 %
100.0 %
DE
108.7
97.3
109.9
94.2
79.6
-15.6
DK
768
26.6
261
10.2
507
16.4
66.0 %
61.8 %
EE
DE
3 189
94.5
375
14.6
2 814
79.9
88.2 %
84.5 %
IE
3.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
-14.4
EE
99
0.4
27
0.1
72
0.3
72.7 %
76.5 %
EL
19.2
24.1
36.3
21.9
25.0
14.2
IE
42
0.2
23
0.1
19
0.1
45.2 %
37.6 %
ES
248.6
115.1
137.5
125.9
84.2
-33.1
EL
3 087
175.7
734
55.5
2 353
120.2
76.2 %
68.4 %
FR
192.3
154.9
184.9
209.5
190.3
-9.1
ES
248
3.9
127
0.9
121
3.0
48.8 %
77.4 %
IT
311.8
128.3
109.9
130.7
123.1
-5.8
FR
250
6.4
116
2.8
134
3.5
53.6 %
55.5 %
CY
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.7
-0.9
IT
696
16.9
510
11.4
186
5.4
26.7 %
32.1 %
LV
1.4
2.5
4.4
3.7
-15.0
CY
247
6.5
111
2.9
136
3.6
55.1 %
55.5 %
LT
5.4
LV
145
1.8
19
0.2
126
1.6
86.9 %
89.2 %
LU
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.7
12.1
LT
61
0.4
39
0.3
22
0.1
36.1 %
23.5 %
HU
LU
MT
HU
MT
18
0.1
14
0.0
4
0.0
22.2 %
32.3 %
NL
66.9
40.9
48.8
57.4
69.6
21.2
NL
599
5.9
435
3.6
164
2.3
27.4 %
38.8 %
AT
21.3
27.7
28.3
30.9
31.0
0.1
AT
5
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
60.0 %
57.1 %
PL
23.3
43.6
91.9
136.0
48.0
PL
109
2.1
11
0.0
98
2.0
89.9 %
98.4 %
PT
15.0
103.6
PT
41
0.7
26
0.1
15
0.6
36.6 %
87.0 %
RO
2.0
7.9
7.2
-8.2
RO
62
0.9
11
0.1
51
0.8
82.3 %
86.6 %
SI
3.1
4.7
5.7
5.9
2.2
SI
28
0.7
28
0.7
100.0 %
100.0 %
SK
2.0
2.6
3.0
2.6
-13.3
SK
1
0.0
1
0.0
FI
6.4
20.9
25.7
27.4
25.3
-8.0
FI
124
1.8
81
0.7
43
1.0
34.7 %
58.3 %
SE
10.0
15.4
15.0
31.9
31.1
-2.2
SE
356
7.0
154
1.9
202
5.1
56.7 %
72.3 %
UK
48.2
24.7
23.6
24.6
25.0
1.6
UK
670
26.2
287
10.2
383
16.0
57.2 %
61.1 %
HR
15.2
18.2
19.8
9.0
HR
115
3.1
78
2.1
37
1.0
32.2 %
32.8 %
MK
MK
TR
TR
1 003
13.2
490
6.6
513
6.6
51.1 %
50.0 %
IS
IS
44
0.3
2
0.0
42
0.3
95.5 %
99.7 %
NO
11.9
11.0
10.5
11.4
8.6
NO
1 400
45.1
514
13.4
886
31.7
63.3 %
70.2 %
CH
156
3.5
33
0.9
123
2.6
78.8 %
73.2 %
CH
3.1
3.0
2.7
3.1
14.2
Notes: DK: including international registers like the Danish International Ship Register;
Notes: CY: new and used.
including vessels registered at territorial dependencies.
Russia: 1 523 ships 16.907 mio dwt; Monaco: 70 ships 2.721 mio dwt;
Ukraine: 358 ships 2.359 mio dwt; Gibraltar: 10 ships 0.286 mio dwt.
164
165
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
S o u rce : I S L m e rc h a n t f l e e t d a t a b a s e s ; a g gre g a te s b a s e d o n q u a r te r l y
d e M o to c yc l e s (AC E M ) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
u p d a te s f ro m t h e L l oyd ' s M a r i t i m e I n fo r m a t i o n Sys te m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 2 a
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 2 b
Sea
Sea
WORLD MERCHANT FLEET
WORLD MERCHANT FLEET
TOTAL CONTROLLED FLEET BY WORLD REGION
FOR TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND PASSENGERS:
FLEET BY TYPE OF SHIP AND COUNTRY OF DOMICILE
dwt (million)
On 1 January 2008
On 1 January:
Number
dwt (thousand)
World region
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
(ships of 1 000 gt and over)
WORLD EU-27
%
WORLD EU-27
%
Europe (*)
311.2
350.1
400.9
420.6
465.1
480.9
TOTAL FLEET
34 915
11 130
32 1 071 034 392 052
37
of which: EU-27
223.6
258.0
316.9
332.1
368.5
392.1
Tankers
8 743
2 749
31 436 229 156 638
36
of which: EU-15
207.5
247.5
305.0
321.2
355.9
377.4
OF WHICH:
North America
51.0
49.4
45.4
51.6
49.3
49.7
Oil tankers
6 912
2 220
32 397 629 144 016
36
Latin America
18.7
15.7
14.4
12.3
12.4
13.5
Chemical tankers
744
176
24
8 653
1 677
19
Asia / Oceania
246.7
292.7
361.3
399.4
423.4
462.7
Liquid gas tankers
1 087
353
32
47 929
11 962
25
Bulk carriers
6 757
2 071
31 386 212 124 061
32
Africa
6.7
7.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
Container ships
4 243
2 249
53 144 528
80 119
55
Unknown
38.0
38.1
52.7
47.4
45.8
59.3
General cargo
12 981
3 331
26
98 193
28 923
29
TOTAL
672.4
753.2
879.9
936.4
1 001.1
1 071.0
OF WHICH:
SHARE OF EU IN TOTAL AND OF FOREIGN FLAG IN EU
Single-deck
6 827
1 573
23
48 040
12 383
26
EU-27 control of total
33.2 %
34.2 %
36.0 %
35.5 %
36.8 %
36.6 %
Multi-deck
3 201
767
24
23 483
5 468
23
EU-15 control of total
30.9 %
32.9 %
34.7 %
34.3 %
35.5 %
35.2 %
Ro-Ro Cargo
841
333
40
6 334
3 150
50
EU-27: Foreign flag share (**)
56.5 %
68.1 %
67.8 %
67.7 %
69.3 %
68.6 %
Reefer
1 012
335
33
6 530
2 812
43
Special
1 100
323
29
13 807
5 110
37
EU-15: Foreign flag share (**)
57.7 %
67.7 %
67.0 %
67.6 %
69.4 %
68.7 %
Passenger and passenger cargo
2 191
730
33
5 871
2 311
39
Notes: only ships of 1 000 gt and over.
(*) In this table Europe includes EU-27, EFTA, Monaco, Gibraltar, Andorra,
Turkey, Western Balkan countries, Russia, Ukraine and Moldavia.
FOR TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND PASSENGERS
(**) Foreign flag share includes ships registered by EU countries in other
EU countries.
On 1 January 2008 FLAG, NUMBERS AND GROSS TONS
Number
gt (thousand)
(ships of 300 gt and over)
WORLD EU-27
%
WORLD EU-27
%
TOTAL PASSENGER AND
4 135
1 272
31
31 245
12 984
42
PASSENGER/CARGO SHIPS
Cargo passenger and Ro-Ro
2 590
865
33
16 721
9 432
56
passenger ships
Passenger (not Ro-Ro)
1 545
407
26
14 524
3 552
24
Cruise ships
284
90
32
14 068
4 135
29
(ships of 1 000 gt and over)
Notes: No deadweight figure is given for cruise ships, since dwt is a measure
of the weight admissible in the vessel.
Ro-Ro: vehicles roll on to embark, vehicles roll off to disembark.
Reefer: refrigerated ships.
166
167
S o u rce : I S L m e rc h a n t f l e e t d a t a b a s e s ; a g gre g a te s b a s e d o n q u a r te r l y
S o u rce : I n s t i t u te fo r S h i p p i n g E co n o m i c s a n d Lo gi s t i c s, B re m e n
u p d a te s f ro m t h e L l oyd ' s M a r i t i m e I n fo r m a t i o n Sys te m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 3
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 4
Air
Air
PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
FREIGHT, SPECIAL, BUSINESS AIRCRAFT
NUMBER OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT IN SERVICE
NUMBER OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT IN SERVICE
On 31 December 2009 PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
On 31 December 2009
50 seats
51 to 150
151 to 250
251 seats
QUICK-
or less
seats
seats
and more
TOTAL
CHANGE
FREIGHT / CARGO
CONVERTIBLE
TE /
EU-27
614 1
447 1
568 500 4
129
A
under
over
EU-15
507 1
270 1
452 497 3
726
100 000 lbs 100 000 lbs (pass./cargo)
ORPOR
EU-12
107 177 116
3 403
mtow
mtow
Multi-role
SPECIAL
PURPOSE /
AMBULANCE
BUSINESS /
C
EXECUTIVE
EU-27
190 163 69 84
1
979
BE
19 40 15 6 80
EU-15
139 158 66 79
1
838
BG
8 13 16
37
EU-12
51 5 3 5
141
CZ
15 29 21
65
BE
13 27 4 1 52
DK
31 43 24 7
105
BG
1 1
20
DE
67 326 204 94 691
CZ
3 1
21
EE
7 6
13
DK
11 9
69
DE
14 22 2 24 369
IE
5 29 245 8
287
EE
1 8
EL
11 30 36 2 79
IE
15 6
23
ES
47 85 168 43
343
EL
5 1
36
FR
92 135 129 94 450
ES
37 9 9 8
123
IT
13 84 154 24
275
FR
1 14 17 15 109
CY
3 9 2
14
IT
2 3 4 2
124
LV
7 24 6 1
38
CY
7
LV
7 2
12
LT
7 4 2
13
LT
5 3
LU
8 8 1
17
LU
9 13
4 62
HU
6 21 29
56
HU
15 1 1 1 7
MT
9 6 7
22
MT
11
NL
7 75 44 51
177
NL
9 3 3 42
AT
1 4
245
AT
33 51 31 7
122
PL
17 1
3
12
PL
20 36 14
70
PT
2 1
179
PT
13 30 38 19
100
RO
13
RO
19 24 11
54
SI
3 1
15
SI
7 4
11
SK
12
SK
2 7 1
10
FI
1 2 24
SE
28 2
4
41
FI
9 59 20 13
101
UK
14 44 13 10 340
SE
51 29 10 5 95
HR
4
UK
101 246 333 124 804
MK
HR
3 9 9
21
TR
4 23
1 64
MK
1
1
IS
14 3
TR
48 169 14 231
NO
1 12
CH
12 5
179
IS
13 2 9
24
LI
6
NO
39 100 35 2 176
CH
20 63 51 6
140
Notes: Special purpose / Ambulance: contains data about Hospital /
Ambulance / Medevac and Special Role / Operations / Mission aircraft.
Notes: More than 30 000 small private planes not included
mtow: maximum take-off weight.
In this table blanks means none.
In this table blanks means none.
168
169
S o u rce : As ce n d
S o u rce : As ce n d
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 5
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 6
Rail
Rail
LOCOMOTIVES AND RAILCARS
PASSENGER TRANSPORT VEHICLES
STOCK OF VEHICLES
STOCK OF COACHES, RAILCARS AND TRAILERS
%
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
65 715
47 546
48 261
61 625
60 668
-1.6
EU-27
98 929 96 654 95 770 99 552
3.9
EU-15
43 444
33 062
34 026
47 314
47 197
-0.2
EU-15
75 305 73 503 72 318 76 487
5.8
EU-12
22 271
17 460
14 484
14 235
14 311
13 471
-5.9
EU-12
30 818
23 624
23 151
23 452
23 065
-1.7
BE
1 727
1 670
1 518
1 469
1 449
1 403
-3.2
BE
3 286
3 494
3 251
3 235
3 275
3 201
-2.3
BG
1
119
762
669 687 699 713 2.0
BG
2 386
2 099
1 558
1 531
1 550
1 599
3.2
CZ
3 596
3 163
3 037
2 921
2 758
-5.6
CZ
5 252
4 895
4 767
4 566
4 561
-0.1
DK
524
415
464 447 447 448 0.2
DK
1 594
1 590
1 473
1 473
1 473
1 523
3.4
DE
14 437
9 656
7 742
8 817
13 890
14 565
4.9
DE
24 139
21 097
20 169
18 174
17 537
18 671
6.5
EE
300
194
170 167 190 98
EE
596
241
183 185 189 189 0.0
IE
166
172
412 428 428 549 28.3
IE
314
421
581 581 581 649 11.7
EL
400
244
289 284 295 301 2.0
EL
810
505
564 591 781 793 1.5
ES
1 922
1 693
1 946
1 745
1 918
1 983
3.4
ES
3 839
3 765
5 239
5 024
4 860
5 075
4.4
FR
7 279
7 158
7 354
6 995
7 155
7 050
-1.5
FR
15 748
15 656
15 879
15 995
15 863
16 255
2.5
IT
4 818
4 697
4 674
5 008
4 683
4 621
-1.3
IT
14 025
11 914
10 066
10 418
10 174
9 825
-3.4
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
739
433
358 348 346 197
LV
1
226
702
490 490 491 491 0.0
LT
389
419
365 368 368 356 -3.3
LT
664
563
467 458 423 363
-14.2
LU
97
124
145 128 149 159 6.7
LU
114
149
185 191 191 187 -2.1
HU
2 040
1 453
1 385
1 400
1 413
959
HU
4 385
3 232
2 787
2 797
3 372
3 253
-3.5
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
2 372
1 965
2 078
2 025
2 033
2 079
2.3
NL
2 268
2 742
852
870
833
2 818
AT
1 543
1 530
1 500
1 639
1 725
1 668
-3.3
AT
3 689
3 468
3 112
3 040
2 978
3 010
1.1
PL
6 801
5 293
4 723
4 561
4 581
4 617
0.8
PL
11 928
9 761
7 725
7 416
7 255
7 224
-0.4
PT
530
589
439 429 433 431 -0.5
PT
1 232
1 303
1 125
1 062
1 060
1 051
-0.8
RO
4 515
3 440
2 186
2 220
2 262
2 290
1.2
RO
6 352
6 234
3 310
3 380
3 462
3 314
-4.3
SI
358
300
261 271 273 267 -2.2
SI
606
461
401 400 373 362 -2.9
SK
1 570
1 204
1 176
1 258
1 216
-3.3
SK
2 273
1 808
1 727
1 771
1 709
-3.5
FI
669
735
702 697 694 662 -4.6
FI
957
1 003
1 084
1 083
1 024
1 035
1.1
SE
1
350
887
622 644
648 639 -1.4
SE
1
747
1
000
791 832 792 879 11.0
UK
5 610
3 177
3 271
11 367
10 639
-6.4
UK
10 934
10 934
10 896
11 515
5.7
HR
563
480
377 374 339 345 1.8
HR
1
052
720
579 571 552 553 0.2
MK
92
101
73 72 72 72 0.0
MK
175
164
125 124 124 124 0.0
TR
897
849
735 732 724 613
-15.3
TR
1 443
1 415
1 312
1 306
1 319
1 304
-1.1
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
502
299
289 223 223 223 0.0
NO
900
918
191 191 191 191 0.0
CH
1 254
1 528
2 198
2 167
2 272
2 278
0.3
CH
4 136
3 333
4 293
4 463
4 491
4 470
-0.5
Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).
Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).
170
171
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r,
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 7
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
S A F E T Y
3 . 7
Rail
3 . 7 . 1
GOODS TRANSPORT WAGONS
Road Fatalities
STOCK OF VEHICLES
%
CHANGE CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007 (*)
2008 (*)
1990 2000 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008 '07/'08 '01/'08
EU-27
EU-27 75 977 56 459 54 303 45 300 43 062 42 496 38 875
-8.5
-28.4
EU-15
825 398
EU-15 55 888 41 421 40 266 31 384 29 514 28 277 25 429
-10.1
-36.8
EU-12
516 764
421 261
282 394
286 769
224 743
216 756
EU-12 20 089 15 038 14 037 13 916 13 548 14 219 13 446
-5.4
-4.2
BE
30 332
18 790
17 375
15 544
10 616
9 454
BE
1 976 1 470 1 486 1 089 1 069 1 071
944
-11.9
-36.5
BG
42 459
29 720
16 511
17 111
12 417
12 825
BG
1 567 1 012 1 011
957 1 043 1 006 1 061
5.5
4.9
CZ
58 524
44 545
42 762
32 809
31 656
CZ
1 291 1 486 1 334 1 286 1 063 1 221 1 076
-11.9
-19.3
DK
4 632
2 236
DK
634
498
431
331
306 406 406 0.0 -5.8
DE
366 724
189 558
158 247
155 468
95 595
119 916
DE 11 046 7 503 6 977 5 361 5 091 4 949 4 477
-9.5
-35.8
EE
5 857
18 971
17 109
3 353
2 905
EE
436
204
199
170
204 196 132 -32.7 -33.7
IE
1 830
1 856
926
1 095
891
891
IE
478
418
412
400
365 338 279 -17.5 -32.3
EL
10 967
3 453
3 491
3 166
3 568
4 763
EL
2 050 2 037 1 880 1 658 1 657 1 612 1 555
-3.5
-17.3
ES
37 687
26 452
23 842
15 031
15 524
14 973
ES
9 032 5 777 5 517 4 442 4 104 3 823 3 100
-18.9
-43.8
FR
148 100
94 789
95 738
91 816
31 589
31 845
FR 11 215 8 079 8 162 5 318 4 709 4 620 4 275
-7.5
-47.6
IT
99 728
70 115
45 730
46 450
41 477
40 819
IT
7 151 7 061 7 096 5 818 5 669 5 131 4 731
-7.8
-33.3
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
116
111
98
102
86 89 82 -7.9 -16.3
LV
11 085
9 146
8 871
8 848
5 256
5 228
LV
947
635
558
442
407 419 316 -24.6 -43.4
LT
12 860
13 155
13 192
13 393
9 486
9 648
LT
933
641
706
773
760 739 498 -32.6 -29.5
LU
2 719
2 626
3 222
3 456
3 526
3 836
LU
70
76
70
47
36 43 35
-18.6
-50.0
HU
23 528
19 130
13 824
11 719
11 766
HU
2 432 1 200 1 239 1 278 1 303 1 232
996
-19.2
-19.6
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
4
15
16
17
11 14 15 7.1 -6.3
NL
6 697
4 700
NL
1 376 1 082
993
750
730
709
677
-4.5
-31.8
AT
34 330
23 970
22 655
16 891
18 473
18 873
AT
1
391
976
958
768
730 691 679 -1.7 -29.1
PL
275 582
130 116
75 164
74 146
73 993
74 408
PL
7 333 6 294 5 534 5 444 5 243 5 583 5 437
-2.6
-1.8
PT
4 579
4 162
3 495
3 197
2 953
3 043
PT
2 646 1 877 1 670 1 247
969
974
885
-9.1
-47.0
RO
166 086
117 982
65 175
65 916
53 616
46 863
RO
3 782 2 499 2 450 2 629 2 587 2 800 3 061
9.3
24.9
SI
8 692
6 258
4 465
4 508
3 979
3 921
SI
517
313
278
258
262 293 214 -27.0 -23.0
SK
26 975
16 370
29 152
18 115
17 536
SK
731
628
614
560
579 627 558 -11.0 -9.1
FI
15 200
12 630
11 216
11 024
10 790
10 934
FI
649
396
433
379
336 380 344 -9.5 -20.6
SE
27 470
17 596
13 649
SE
772
591
583
440
445 471 397 -15.7 -31.9
UK
34 403
8 284
UK
5 402 3 580 3 598 3 336 3 298 3 059 2 645
-13.5
-26.5
HR
13 720
9 986
7 330
6 813
6 781
6 632
HR
1
360
655
647
597
614 619 664 7.3 2.6
MK
1 525
1 553
1 498
1 498
MK
162
107
143
140 173 162 -6.4 51.4
TR
21 941
17 872
17 499
18 229
17 041
17 079
TR
6 317 5 510 4 386 4 505 4 633 5 007 4 236
-15.4
-3.4
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
24
32
24
19
31 15 12
-20.0
-50.0
NO
NO
332
341
275
224
242 233 255 9.4 -7.3
CH
27 104
19 894
18 339
10 917
10 464
11 516
CH
954
592
544
409
370 384 357 -7.0 -34.4
Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).
Notes: Persons killed are all persons deceased within 30 days of the accident.
(*) Not including private-owners' vehicles;
Corrective factors have been applied to the figures which did not
not fully comparable with data of previous years.
follow this definition.
172
173
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s
S o u rce : Fro m 1 9 9 1 : C A R E d a t a b a s e ( D G M o b i l i t y a n d Tra n s p o r t ) ,
I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s. 1 9 9 0 : I R TA D (O E C D)
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
S A F E T Y
S A F E T Y
3 . 7 . 2
3 . 7 . 3 a
Road Fatalities
Road Fatalities Country Rankings
BY T YPE OF USER
FATALITIES
2008
L
TA
per million
per million
T
TO
inhabitants
per 10 billion pkm
passenger cars
MT
36
UK
39
MT
66
L
% OF
A
NL
41
SE
40
UK
91
EAR
THER/NO
Y
TOT
DRIVER
PASSENGER
PEDESTRIAN
O
SPECIFIED
PEDESTRIAN
AS A
SE
43
NL
45
NL
91
BE
2008
944
636 147 99 62
10.5
%
UK
43
LU
51
SE
93
DE
55
DE
51
LU
108
BG
IE
63
FI
53
DE
109
CZ
2008
1 076
629 209 238 0
22.1
%
FI
65
IE
56
FI
131
DK
2008
406
288 60 58 0
14.3
%
ES
68
FR
58
IT
132
DE
2008
4 477
3 108
704
653
12
14.6 %
FR
69
IT
59
FR
137
EE
2008
132
58 30 41 3
31.1
%
LU
72
MT
68
ES
141
DK
74
DK
75
IE
144
IE
2006
365
202 89 72 2
19.7
%
EU-27
78
EU-27
80
AT
159
EL
2008
1 553
1
019 285 248 1
16.0
%
IT
79
BE
84
EU-27
168
ES
2008
3 099
1 910
668
502
19
16.2 %
AT
81
SI
85
BE
185
FR
2008
4 275
2
963 750 548 14
12.8
%
PT
83
ES
89
CY
192
IT
2007
5 131
3
543 833 627 128
12.2
%
BE
88
AT
91
DK
195
EE
98
PT
99
PT
201
CY
2008
82
55 11 16 0
19.5
%
HU
99
EE
124
SI
208
LV
2007
419
174 82 158 5
37.7
%
SK
103
LT
129
EE
245
LT
CZ
103
CY
139
CZ
247
LU
2005
47
34 0 2 11
4.3
%
CY
103
CZ
142
LT
306
HU
2008
996
542 203 251 0
25.2
%
SI
106
EL
147
EL
317
EL
138
LV
181
HU
328
MT
2007
12
8 0 3 1
25.0
%
BG
139
PL
196
LV
344
NL
2007
709
511 105 86 7
12.1
%
LV
139
SK
206
PL
355
AT
2008
679
480 97 102 0
15.0
%
RO
142
HU
230
SK
375
PL
2005
5 444
2 472
1 216
1 756
0
32.3 %
PL
143
BG
241
BG
477
PT
2007
974
606 212 156 0
16.0
%
LT
148
RO
420
RO
809
RO
2008
3 061
1 223
768
1 065
5
34.8 %
Notes: Fatalities: all fatalities on the road: car drivers and passengers,
SI
2008
214
146 6 39 23
18.2
%
bus and coach occupants, powered two-wheelers' riders and
passengers, cyclists, pedestrians, commercial vehicle drivers, etc.
SK
indicated in table 3.7.1 for 2008.
pkm: indicator of traffic volume (in the absence of consistent
FI
2008
344
228 63 53 0
15.4
%
vehicle-kilometre data); passenger-kilometres of cars indicated
SE
2008
397
286 62 45 4
11.3
%
in table 3.3.4 for 2008 plus passenger-kilometres of motorised
two-wheelers.
UK
2007
3 059
1 819
577
663
0
21.7 %
Inhabitants: the sum of the population indicated in table 1.5
at 1 January 2008 and 1 January 2009 divided by two.
Passenger cars: the sum of the stock of vehicles indicated in
Notes: Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident.
table 3.6.2 for 2007 and 2008 divided by two.
'Driver' includes cyclists.
174
175
S o u rce : t a b l e s 1 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 6 . 2 , 3 . 7 . 1 a n d e s t i m a te s a s we l l a s n a t i o n a l
S o u rce : C A R E d a t a b a s e ( D G M o b i l i t y a n d Tra n s p o r t )
s t a t i s t i c s fo r p owe re d t wo -w h e e l e r s p k m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 7 . 3 b
S A F E T Y
S A F E T Y
3 . 7 . 4
Road Fatalities of Vehicle Occupants
Road Accidents
BY T YPE OF VEHICLE
NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS INVOLVING PERSONAL INJURY
thousand
%
XI
H
C
AL
A
TA
O
CLEY
CLEY
TUR
R
'07/'08
L
Y,
ONNES
TO
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
A
ANDR
VY GOODS
TORC
AL C
CA
TORISED
T
EAR
A
GRICUL
THER
EU-27
1 487.61 1 420.352 1 462.996 1 321.450 1 299.245 1 296.928 1 232.211
-4.9
Y
TOT
C
BUS OR C
HEA
VEHICLE
LORR
<3.5 T
MO
MOPED
PED
A
TR
O
MO
NO
SPECIFIED
EU-15
1 342.80 1 269.186 1 316.375 1 165.078 1 143.616 1 134.800 1 073.253
-5.4
BE 2008 845 479 2 25 40 108 32 86 3 8 62
EU-12
144.81 151.166 146.621 156.372 155.629 162.128 158.958
-1.0
BG
BE
62.45
50.744
49.065
49.307
49.171
43.239
42.115
-2.6
CZ 2008 838 573 0 18 27
121 2 93 0 4 0
BG
6.48
7.435
6.886
8.224
8.222
8.010
8.045
0.4
CZ
21.91
28.746
25.445
25.239
22.115
23.060
22.481
-2.5
DK 2008 348 196 0 2 22 40 30 54 1 3 0
DK
9.16
8.373
7.346
5.413
5.403
5.549
5.020
-9.5
DE 2008 3 824 2
368 10 91 92 656 110 456 11 18 12
DE
389.35 388.003 382.949 336.618 327.984 335.845 320.614
-4.5
EE 2008
91
69 0 3 0 1 6 9 0 0 3
EE
2.10
1.644
1.504
2.341
2.585
2.449
1.857
-24.2
IE
6.07
8.117
7.749
6.533
6.018
5.544
5.544
0.0
IE 2006 293 226 3 2 16 29 0 9 0 6 2
EL
19.61
22.798
23.001
16.914
16.190
15.499
15.983
3.1
EL 2008 1 305 708 4 19 62 394 41 22 44 10 1
ES
101.51
83.586 101.729
91.187
99.779 100.508
93.161
-7.3
ES 2008 2 597 1
495 28 85 189 484 181 59 26 30 20
FR
162.57 132.949 121.223
84.525
80.309
81.272
74.487
-8.3
FR 2008 3 727 2
205 20 76 134 817 291 148 11 11 14
IT
161.78 182.761 229.034 240.011 238.124 230.871 218.963
-5.2
CY
3.17
3.052
2.397
1.382
1.558
1.468
1.392
-5.2
IT 2007 4 504 2
320 18 59 25
1
182 358 352 24 38 128
LV
4.33
4.056
4.482
4.466
4.301
4.780
4.184
-12.5
CY 2008
66
36
16 8 6
0
LT
5.14
4.144
5.807
6.772
6.589
6.448
4.897
-24.1
LV 2007 261 203 3 12 0 10 4 18 6 0 5
LU
1.22
1.145
0.899
0.775
0.805
0.937
0.757
-19.2
HU
27.80
19.817
17.493
20.777
20.977
20.634
19.174
-7.1
LT
MT
0.24
0.969
1.253
0.848
0.894
0.942
1.157
22.8
LU 2005
45
28 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 11
NL
44.89
42.641
42.271
27.007
24.527
25.819
21.832
-15.4
HU 2008 745 448 3 22 33 91 26 109 0 13 0
AT
46.34
38.956
42.126
40.896
39.884
41.096
39.173
-4.7
MT 2007
9
4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
PL
50.53
56.904
57.331
48.100
46.876
49.536
49.054
-1.0
PT
45.11
48.339
44.463
37.066
35.680
35.311
33.613
-4.8
NL 2007 623 299 1 7 35 64 60
147 2 1 7
RO
9.71
9.119
7.555
19.819
21.905
24.661
29.307
18.8
AT 2008 577 367 2 3 19 91 25 62 6 2 0
SI
5.18
6.567
8.584
10.509
11.620
11.640
9.165
-21.3
PL 2005 3 688 2
526 52 217 0 157 53 603 67 13 0
SK
8.24
8.713
7.884
7.895
7.987
8.500
8.245
-3.0
FI
10.18
7.812
6.633
7.020
6.740
6.657
6.881
3.4
PT 2007 818 417 15 25 70 145 71 34 32 9 0
SE
16.98
15.626
15.770
18.094
18.213
18.548
18.309
-1.3
RO 2008 1 996 1
321 6 139 0 90 150 179 5 101 5
UK
265.60 237.336 242.117 203.712 194.789 188.105 176.801
-6.0
SI 2008 175
82 0 0 3 40 8 17 2 0 23
HR
14.47
12.67
14.43
15.68
16.71
18.03
16.28
-9.7
SK
MK
2.30
1.70
3.31
4.04
TR
55.77
66.03
75.20
FI 2008 291 202 0 5 9 36 13 18 6 2 0
IS
0.56
1.06
0.98
0.67
0.89
1.13
1.07
-5.2
SE 2008 352 230 1 5 11 51 11 30 0 9 4
NO
8.80
8.63
8.44
8.08
7.93
8.18
7.73
-5.6
UK 2007 2 396 1
489 14 54 63 596 18 138 1 23 0
CH
23.83
23.03
23.74
21.71
21.49
21.91
20.74
-5.4
Notes: Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident.
Notes: The definition of an accident involving personal injury differs
from country to country.
176
177
S o u rce : C A R E d a t a b a s e ( D G M o b i l i t y a n d Tra n s p o r t )
S o u rce : C A R E ; U n i te d N a t i o n s ( S t a t i s t i c s o f ro a d t r a f f i c a cc i d e n t s ) , n a -
t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 7 . 5
S A F E T Y
S A F E T Y
3 . 7 . 6
Air
Railway Fatalities
LIVES LOST
NUMBER OF RAILWAY PASSENGERS KILLED
IN ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RAILWAY
1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Lives lost over EU-27
Lives lost by EU-27
EU-27
65
138
76
83
PERIOD
territory by any operator
operators anywhere
EU-15
165
117
75
121
91
75
51
36
54
28
1990
0
47
EU-12
14
102
22
55
BE
0
3
10
0
4
1
0
2
9
0
1991
41
278
BG
3
0
26
26
3
1
2
12
1992
154
143
CZ
1
0
4
2
5
4
2
0
13
1993
16
16
DK
1
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
DE
50
38
13
26
23
25
7
2
3
1
1994
9
5
EE
0
0
0
0
1995
133
121
IE
1
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1996
20
4
EL
0
20
4
4
0
0
0
3
0
1
1997
71
1
ES
4
0
0
3
16
0
1
10
14
5
FR
30
15
11
24
7
6
5
11
9
10
1998
19
62
IT
9
8
9
17
9
11
22
5
11
4
1999
46
66
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2000
113
113
LV
0
0
0
0
LT
0
0
0
0
0
0
2001
122
125
LU
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2002
101
25
HU
33
11
11
12
9
8
6
3
8
10
2003
5
5
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2004
0
0
AT
6
4
3
13
7
2
1
2
4
4
2005
144
125
PL
21
20
0
16
11
15
0
10
11
7
2006
5
6
PT
22
2
11
8
15
8
7
0
1
3
RO
0
8
4
0
1
1
86
1
12
2007
0
1
SI
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2008
154
154
SK
0
0
2
2
2
0
0
0
1
2009
9
228
FI
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
SE
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1970-79/yr.
312
317
UK
37
20
10
23
10
18
8
0
3
0
1980-89/yr.
179
145
HR
5
5
1
0
3
0
1990-99/yr.
51
74
MK
0
0
0
2
TR
17
9
11
7
8
46
10
6
1
9
2000-09/yr.
65
78
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes: Onboard fatalities, and only those in aircraft with a take-off mass above 5 701kg.
NO
4
32
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Data include fatalities from Commercial Air Transport (passenger, cargo, air taxi,
ferry/positioning and emergency medical service) and fatalities from General
CH
8
2
3
4
9
1
3
0
0
0
Aviation (only 'Business' flights).
178
179
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n Av i a t i o n S a fe t y Ag e n c y
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 7 . 7
S A F E T Y
PART 4
Sea
SHIPS LOST
ENVIRONMENT
SHIPS LOST WORLD
BULKERS AND
YEAR
TANKERS
COMBINED CARRIERS
OTHER SHIPS
N°
1 000 gt
N°
1 000 gt
N°
1 000 gt
1996
13 58 14 247 59 294
1997
13 308 6 137 58 274
1998
5 26 11 160 62 323
1999
6 71 11 277 55 283
2000
10 173 21 394 68 248
2001
9 202 12 341 88 319
2002
10 119 10 234 77 454
2003
9 158 8 107 74 274
2004
18 104 6 103 62 277
2005
11 103 8 117 79 309
2006
11 35 9 397 70 294
2007
6 34 11 197 70 311
Notes: Reported world total losses at time of loss; ships of 500 gt and over.
180
S o u rce : I n s t i t u te fo r S h i p p i n g E co n o m i c s a n d Lo gi s t i c s, B re m e n
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1
PART 4
4 . 1 . 1
SUMMARY
Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) (*)
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
4.1 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GHG ......................... 183
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
5 564.0
5 212.6
5 053.6
5 111.0
5 105.2
5 045.4
EU-25
5 203.3
4 943.2
4 848.8
4 890.5
4 879.4
4 817.3
4.2 CO EMISSIONS .............................................................................. 199
2
BE
143.2
149.5
145.1
141.9
136.6
131.3
BG
117.7
88.6
69.2
71.0
71.9
75.8
CZ
194.7
153.2
147.2
146.2
149.1
150.8
4.3 OTHER EMISSION INDICATORS ........................................ 219
DK
69.1
76.2
67.8
63.5
71.0
66.6
DE
1 215.2
1 084.9
1 008.2
968.9
980.0
956.1
EE
41.9
20.9
18.4
19.6
19.2
22.0
4.4 BIOFUELS .......................................................................................... 220
IE
55.4
59.2
69.0
70.3
69.7
69.2
EL
105.6
110.2
127.1
131.8
128.1
131.9
ES
288.1
319.2
385.8
441.2
433.1
442.3
4.5 OTHER
ENVIRONMENT
FR
562.6
556.2
556.8
553.9
541.7
531.1
IT
516.3
529.7
549.5
573.7
563.0
552.8
RELATED INDICATORS ............................................................. 222
CY
5.5
6.9
9.3
9.9
10.0
10.1
LV
26.7
12.6
10.1
11.2
11.7
12.1
LT
49.1
21.8
19.2
22.6
22.9
24.7
LU
13.1
10.4
10.0
13.4
13.3
12.9
HU
99.2
79.8
78.0
80.4
78.9
75.9
MT
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.0
NL
212.0
224.7
214.4
212.2
208.5
207.5
AT
79.0
80.5
81.1
92.8
91.5
88.0
PL
459.5
446.4
389.0
386.6
399.3
398.9
PT
59.3
70.3
81.7
89.2
84.7
81.8
RO
243.0
180.8
135.5
149.4
153.8
152.3
SI
18.6
18.7
18.9
20.4
20.6
20.7
SK
73.3
52.6
48.4
49.4
48.9
47.0
FI
70.9
71.2
69.5
68.7
79.9
78.3
SE
71.9
73.6
68.2
67.2
66.9
65.4
UK
771.1
712.2
673.5
652.7
647.9
636.7
HR
31.4
22.9
26.0
30.4
30.8
32.4
MK
TR
170.1
220.7
280.0
312.4
332.7
372.6
IS
3.4
3.2
3.7
3.7
4.2
4.5
NO
49.7
49.7
53.4
53.7
53.5
55.1
CH
52.7
51.0
51.6
53.7
53.2
51.3
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change
and Forestry) emissions.
Emissions data is downloaded from European Environment Agency (EEA), which
is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data. EEA prepares
and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory, which
is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas
monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process.
GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH ), nitrous oxide (N O), sulphur
2
4
2
hexafluoride (SF ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC).
6
182
183
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
2
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990 4 277 .4 4 123 .1 1 684 .3 1461 .7
116 .0
106 .7
820 .3
155 .5
17 .1
85 .5
29 .0
42 .8
490 .3
779 . 7 812 . 1 202 . 1 517 . 3
92 . 7
26 . 7 154 . 3 478 . 0
16 . 2 579 . 5 212 . 9
5 564 . 0 1990
1991 4 244 .1 4 096 .3 1 660 .6 1445 .9
113 .5
101 .1
776 .0
146 .6
15 .5
85 .7
31 .4
43 .9
453 .0
784 . 5 853 . 0 214 . 4 548 . 6
90 . 0
22 . 2 147 . 7 440 . 7
15 . 8 548 . 8 215 . 0
5 464 . 3 1991
1992 4 096 .7 3 955 .1 1 583 .2 1 377 .1
115 .3
90 .7
732 .8
140 .1
14 .3
84 .4
29 .7
43 .5
420 .8
808 . 1 812 . 0 200 . 5 524 . 2
87 . 2
19 . 1 141 . 6 425 . 0
15 . 1 525 . 8 213 . 5
5 276 . 0 1992
1993 4 043 .3 3 902 .8 1 521 .5 1 313 .3
118 .3
89 .9
725 .0
136 .7
13 .1
83 .1
29 .7
45 .7
416 .6
816 . 4 821 . 7 190 . 6 541 . 7
89 . 5
18 . 3 140 . 5 409 . 8
14 . 7 506 . 5 211 . 5
5 185 . 8 1993
1994 3 993 .3 3 861 .2 1 520 .1 1 307 .6
120 .8
91 .8
727 .9
146 .6
13 .9
83 .2
32 .1
46 .5
405 .7
822 . 6 772 . 9 176 . 5 507 . 1
89 . 3
17 . 7 132 . 1 437 . 8
13 . 8 504 . 5 209 . 6
5 158 . 9 1994
1995 4 031 .5 3 898 .1 1 518 .0 1 302 .3
126 .5
89 .2
744 .4
146 .7
14 .0
93 .2
33 .1
49 .4
408 .1
837 . 9 782 . 1 182 . 7 509 . 7
89 . 6
15 . 8 133 . 4 455 . 9
13 . 9 504 . 1 207 . 2
5 212 . 6 1995
1996 4 142 .3 4 011 .5 1 546 .1 1 331 .9
129 .4
84 .8
743 .2
142 .0
14 .2
88 .5
33 .0
50 .6
414 .8
862 . 6 845 . 1 201 . 4 552 . 7
91 . 0
14 . 5 130 . 8 452 . 5
13 . 9 506 . 0 203 . 3
5 318 . 0 1996
1997 4 037 .1 3 913 .4 1 494 .0 1 280 .4
132 .6
81 .0
737 .2
144 .0
14 .0
88 .8
34 .2
49 .4
406 .8
873 . 0 795 . 3 186 . 6 520 . 3
88 . 4
14 . 0 123 . 6 459 . 7
14 . 0 507 . 3 196 . 0
5 214 . 1 1997
1998 4 024 .3 3 907 .9 1 509 .2 1 300 .0
134 .1
75 .1
705 .8
136 .5
14 .2
85 .8
33 .9
49 .0
386 .6
901 . 0 778 . 3 183 . 3 509 . 6
85 . 4
13 . 6 116 . 5 432 . 4
14 . 1 505 . 0 183 . 9
5 159 . 9 1998
1999 3 963 .6 3 851 .6 1 467 .6 1 266 .6
128 .3
72 .8
689 .3
128 .9
14 .0
80 .8
31 .8
48 .4
385 .5
917 . 9 763 . 9 180 . 8 497 . 7
85 . 4
12 . 9 111 . 9 392 . 8
13 . 7 501 . 0 178 . 3
5 049 . 4 1999
2000 3 969 .6 3 860 .1 1 499 .0 1 296 .8
130 .7
71 .4
693 .1
131 .1
14 .2
81 .6
32 .7
46 .9
386 .6
917 . 8 738 . 2 174 . 1 481 . 9
82 . 2
12 . 0 109 . 6 405 . 1
13 . 5 493 . 2 172 . 2
5 053 . 6 2000
2001 4 053 .3 3 947 .9 1 532 .7 1 331 .5
131 .7
69 .4
685 .4
125 .0
14 .9
80 .1
30 .9
47 .8
386 .7
931 . 1 788 . 0 191 . 6 513 . 5
82 . 9
10 . 7 105 . 5 393 . 5
13 . 0 484 . 8 164 . 5
5 109 . 1 2001
2002 4 022 .5 3 919 .1 1 554 .1 1 351 .7
132 .8
69 .6
661 .8
117 .4
15 .0
76 .9
31 .1
46 .9
374 .6
943 . 8 748 . 8 179 . 1 488 . 0
81 . 8
10 . 5 103 . 5 390 . 4
12 . 8 479 . 4 160 . 5
5 065 . 7 2002
2003 4 108 .9 4 009 .1 1 596 .3 1 393 .8
132 .4
70 .0
676 .4
126 .5
14 .4
85 .3
34 .0
50 .6
365 .7
953 . 8 772 . 1 190 . 6 500 . 8
80 . 7
10 . 5
99 . 8 401 . 0
12 . 6 473 . 6 154 . 2
5 150 . 2 2003
2004 4 106 .4 4 011 .6 1 587 .4 1 380 .4
136 .3
70 .7
667 .3
126 .2
14 .1
84 .7
32 .6
48 .9
360 .8
972 . 7 773 . 0 195 . 2 497 . 7
80 . 0
11 . 2
94 . 8 412 . 5
12 . 6 472 . 8 148 . 9
5 153 . 3 2004
2005 4 066 .4 3 974 .1 1 583 .0 1 373 .7
138 .9
70 .4
654 .3
114 .9
13 .9
88 .3
32 .0
46 .8
358 .4
971 . 7 754 . 0 182 . 7 491 . 6
79 . 6
11 . 0
92 . 3 420 . 0
12 . 4 466 . 4 145 . 7
5 111 . 0 2005
2006 4 067 .7 3 977 .8 1 591 .3 1 388 .9
134 .7
67 .7
653 .5
122 .2
14 .7
82 .5
31 .4
44 .6
358 .0
977 . 6 745 . 4 185 . 4 481 . 6
78 . 4
10 . 1
89 . 9 417 . 7
12 . 5 463 . 5 143 . 8
5 105 . 2 2006
2007 3 999 .1 3 912 .4 1 610 .7 1 403 .9
135 .4
71 .3
643 .2
116 .7
14 .8
82 .9
31 .0
44 .3
353 .6
982 . 5 665 . 6 165 . 6 426 . 5
73 . 5
10 . 4
86 . 6 430 . 6
12 . 4 462 . 2 141 . 2
5 045 . 4 2007
Energy Industries • Industry (****) • Transport (**) •
Residential • Commercial/Institutional • Other (******) • Total
5.0 %
ENERGY INDUSTRIES
1.20
10.6 %
INDUSTRY ****
3.3 %
1.10
31.9 %
TRANSPORT **
1.00
8.5 %
YEAR
RESIDENTIAL
0.90
2007
COMMERCIAL/
INSITUTIONAL
0.80
19.5 %
21.3 %
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY,
0.70
FISHERIES *****
1990
OTHER ***
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions and
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
departing from the EU); (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
traffic departing from the EU); (***) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Other
and Industrial Processes; (******) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Agriculture/
(Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels, Solvent and Other
Forestry/Fisheries, Other (Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels,
Product Use, Waste, Other; (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Waste, Other.
and Industrial Processes; (*****) Emissions from Fuel Combustion and other
Emissions from Agriculture.
184
185
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990
76.9
96.4
40.8
86.8
6.9
6.3
19.9
19.0
2.1
10.4
3.5
5.2
59.8
18.9
19.7
24.9
63.7
11.4
0.6
3.6
8.6
0.3
10.4
3.8
100 1990
1991
77.7
96.5
40.5
87.1
6.8
6.1
18.9
18.9
2.0
11.0
4.0
5.7
58.4
19.2
20.8
25.1
64.3
10.5
0.5
3.5
8.1
0.3
10.0
3.9
100 1991
1992
77.6
96.5
40.0
87.0
7.3
5.7
18.5
19.1
2.0
11.5
4.0
5.9
57.4
20.4
20.5
24.7
64.6
10.7
0.5
3.5
8.1
0.3
10.0
4.0
100 1992
1993
78.0
96.5
39.0
86.3
7.8
5.9
18.6
18.9
1.8
11.5
4.1
6.3
57.5
20.9
21.1
23.2
65.9
10.9
0.5
3.5
7.9
0.3
9.8
4.1
100 1993
1994
77.4
96.7
39.4
86.0
7.9
6.0
18.9
20.1
1.9
11.4
4.4
6.4
55.7
21.3
20.0
22.8
65.6
11.5
0.5
3.3
8.5
0.3
9.8
4.1
100 1994
1995
77.3
96.7
38.9
85.8
8.3
5.9
19.1
19.7
1.9
12.5
4.4
6.6
54.8
21.5
20.1
23.4
65.2
11.5
0.4
3.3
8.7
0.3
9.7
4.0
100 1995
1996
77.9
96.8
38.5
86.1
8.4
5.5
18.5
19.1
1.9
11.9
4.4
6.8
55.8
21.5
21.1
23.8
65.4
10.8
0.4
3.2
8.5
0.3
9.5
3.8
100 1996
1997
77.4
96.9
38.2
85.7
8.9
5.4
18.8
19.5
1.9
12.0
4.6
6.7
55.2
22.3
20.3
23.5
65.4
11.1
0.4
3.1
8.8
0.3
9.7
3.8
100 1997
1998
78.0
97.1
38.6
86.1
8.9
5.0
18.1
19.3
2.0
12.2
4.8
6.9
54.8
23.1
19.9
23.6
65.5
11.0
0.3
2.9
8.4
0.3
9.8
3.6
100 1998
1999
78.5
97.2
38.1
86.3
8.7
5.0
17.9
18.7
2.0
11.7
4.6
7.0
55.9
23.8
19.8
23.7
65.1
11.2
0.3
2.8
7.8
0.3
9.9
3.5
100 1999
2000
78.6
97.2
38.8
86.5
8.7
4.8
18.0
18.9
2.1
11.8
4.7
6.8
55.8
23.8
19.1
23.6
65.3
11.1
0.3
2.8
8.0
0.3
9.8
3.4
100 2000
2001
79.3
97.4
38.8
86.9
8.6
4.5
17.4
18.2
2.2
11.7
4.5
7.0
56.4
23.6
20.0
24.3
65.2
10.5
0.3
2.6
7.7
0.3
9.5
3.2
100 2001
2002
79.4
97.4
39.7
87.0
8.5
4.5
16.9
17.7
2.3
11.6
4.7
7.1
56.6
24.1
19.1
23.9
65.2
10.9
0.3
2.6
7.7
0.3
9.5
3.2
100 2002
2003
79.8
97.6
39.8
87.3
8.3
4.4
16.9
18.7
2.1
12.6
5.0
7.5
54.1
23.8
19.3
24.7
64.9
10.5
0.3
2.4
7.8
0.2
9.2
3.0
100 2003
2004
79.7
97.7
39.6
87.0
8.6
4.5
16.6
18.9
2.1
12.7
4.9
7.3
54.1
24.2
19.3
25.3
64.4
10.4
0.3
2.3
8.0
0.2
9.2
2.9
100 2004
2005
79.6
97.7
39.8
86.8
8.8
4.4
16.5
17.6
2.1
13.5
4.9
7.2
54.8
24.5
19.0
24.2
65.2
10.6
0.3
2.3
8.2
0.2
9.1
2.9
100 2005
2006
79.7
97.8
40.0
87.3
8.5
4.3
16.4
18.7
2.2
12.6
4.8
6.8
54.8
24.6
18.7
24.9
64.6
10.5
0.3
2.2
8.2
0.2
9.1
2.8
100 2006
2007
79.3
97.8
41.2
87.2
8.4
4.4
16.4
18.1
2.3
12.9
4.8
6.9
55.0
25.1
17.0
24.9
64.1
11.0
0.3
2.2
8.5
0.2
9.2
2.8
100 2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the GHG emissions
traffic departing from the EU).
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the GHG emissions
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
186
187
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
2
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
EMISSIONS
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
L
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
O
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
T
EU-27 3 999.1 3 912.4 1 610.7 1 403.9 1 35.4
71.3 6 43.2
116.7
14.8
82.9
31.0
44.3
353.6
982.5 665.6 165.6 426.5
73.5
10.4
86.6 430.6
12.4 462.2 141.2
5 045.4 EU-27
EU-25 3 839.1 3 765.2 1 529.0 1 323.9 1 35.4
69.7 6 12.8
114.1
14.5
80.5
30.8
43.8
329.0
961.4 651.7 161.1 417.7
72.9
10.4
73.9 401.2
12.1 437.6 127.1
4 817.3 EU-25
BE 106.7 106.2
27.0
22.0
4.7
0.3
26.4
8.6
0.5
7.9
0.6
1.8
7.1
25.9
26.7
5.5
19.0
2.2
0.1
0.5
13.7
0.2
9.6
1.1
131.3
BE
BG
55.9
54.0
33.1
31.4
0.1
1.6
10.8
2.6
0.3
2.3
0.2
0.5
4.9
8.3
1.8
0.3
1.2
0.2
0.0
1.9
7.1
0.1
5.0
7.7
75.8
BG
CZ 123.3 118.1
61.6
59.3
1.0
1.4
25.1
3.7
0.2
4.3
0.6
1.1
15.1
19.2
11.0
3.2
7.6
0.2
1.1
5.3
15.6
0.5
7.8
3.5
150.8
CZ
DK
52.5
52.1
25.5
22.9
1.0
1.6
5.8
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.2
1.5
3.1
14.2
6.5
0.8
3.6
2.0
0.2
0.5
2.5
0.1
10.1
1.4
66.6
DK
DE 773.7 762.8 389.7 349.5
22.1
18.1
90.1
6.0
0.6
0.0
0.7
82.8
153.2
128.6
36.0
86.8
5.8
1.3
10.8
116.1
3.3
51.5
11.5
956.1
DE
EE
19.1
18.6
14.5
13.6
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.6
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.3
0.7
22.0
EE
IE
46.2
46.1
14.9
14.4
0.4
0.1
6.3
0.0
1.9
0.5
0.1
1.0
2.9
14.4
10.6
2.7
7.1
0.8
0.1
3.3
0.1
17.7
1.9
69.2
IE
EL 108.1 106.4
59.1
55.0
4.0
0.1
10.5
0.2
1.5
0.9
0.3
0.7
6.9
23.7
13.1
1.5
8.7
2.9
1.7
9.1
0.2
11.3
3.2
131.9
EL
ES 345.4 341.4 123.0 108.1
13.0
2.0
68.3
7.1
3.0
9.1
5.8
6.6
36.7
112.3
37.7
8.3
19.3
10.2
4.0
34.9
1.7
46.4
14.0
442.3
ES
FR 383.7 378.0
67.3
48.2
15.3
3.8
78.1
16.9
1.9
16.3
4.7
11.9
26.4
136.9
95.8
27.7
59.2
8.8
5.7
40.2
1.4
95.7
10.0
531.1
FR
IT 458.7 451.4 158.5 121.2
26.1
11.2
80.5
17.4
1.2
11.4
5.2
5.5
39.9
129.2
82.2
22.8
50.7
8.7
1.0
7.2
36.3
2.1
37.2
18.5
552.8
IT
CY
7.8
7.8
3.9
3.9
1.2
0.1
1.1
2.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.8
0.7
10.1
CY
LV
8.8
8.7
2.0
1.9
0.1
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.7
3.8
1.7
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
2.1
0.8
12.1
LV
LT
13.5
13.3
5.0
3.4
1.5
0.0
1.6
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.2
5.2
1.5
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.2
5.5
0.1
4.3
1.4
24.7
LT
LU
11.3
11.3
1.4
1.4
1.8
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
1.0
6.7
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.7
0.1
12.9
LU
HU
56.9
54.8
20.6
18.4
1.8
0.4
7.9
3.1
1.6
1.6
0.2
0.7
0.7
12.8
13.5
3.9
8.4
1.1
2.2
5.2
0.2
9.5
4.1
75.9
HU
MT
2.7
2.7
2.0
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
3.0
MT
NL 168.3 165.8
65.9
53.0
10.7
2.2
27.8
4.5
0.3
12.9
1.4
3.9
4.9
35.7
36.1
10.3
16.3
9.4
0.3
2.5
14.5
0.2
18.4
6.0
207.5
NL
AT
66.1
65.2
14.0
10.5
2.9
0.6
15.8
6.2
0.3
1.5
2.2
0.9
4.7
24.2
11.1
2.0
8.1
1.0
0.0
0.9
11.3
0.4
7.9
2.2
88.0
AT
PL 321.7 308.1 183.6 169.7
6.2
7.8
34.9
8.2
1.2
6.6
1.4
4.7
12.8
38.8
50.7
8.2
33.0
9.5
13.6
33.3
0.7
35.0
8.1
398.9
PL
PT
57.6
56.0
19.9
17.3
2.6
10.9
0.2
2.1
0.9
0.8
6.8
19.5
5.6
2.4
2.5
0.8
0.1
1.6
8.6
0.3
7.6
7.7
81.8
PT
RO 104.0
93.2
48.6
48.6
19.6
19.6
12.9
12.1
4.2
7.5
0.5
10.8
22.2
0.2
19.5
6.4
152.3
RO
SI
16.7
16.2
6.6
6.6
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
1.3
5.4
1.9
0.5
1.2
0.3
0.5
1.2
0.0
2.1
0.7
20.7
SI
SK
35.5
34.5
10.3
7.3
1.6
1.5
12.5
6.6
0.2
1.8
0.6
0.4
3.0
6.7
3.9
0.7
3.1
0.1
1.1
1.0
5.8
0.1
3.2
2.3
47.0
SK
FI
63.6
63.4
30.8
27.7
2.8
0.4
11.4
3.4
0.1
1.0
4.4
0.2
2.3
14.7
5.2
1.1
2.3
1.8
1.3
0.2
6.7
0.1
5.5
2.4
78.3
FI
SE
48.2
47.0
10.8
8.5
1.9
0.3
10.7
1.2
0.1
1.6
1.8
0.7
5.3
20.8
4.5
0.9
1.8
1.8
0.3
1.3
6.5
0.3
8.4
1.9
65.4
SE
UK 542.9 529.5 211.3 178.3
15.1
17.8
80.4
19.0
61.4
132.6
101.7
20.6
76.4
4.6
3.5
13.4
27.8
43.2
22.8
636.7
UK
HR
23.8
21.5
7.7
5.5
1.8
0.4
3.9
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.6
2.5
6.6
3.4
0.6
2.1
0.7
2.3
4.1
0.2
3.4
0.9
32.4
HR
MK
MK
TR 288.3 286.5 106.9 101.0
6.0
80.5
10.0
10.0
2.4
58.0
51.8
47.3
36.5
10.8
1.8
26.2
26.3
31.8
372.6
TR
IS
2.2
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.2
1.5
0.0
0.5
0.2
4.5
IS
NO
40.0
35.6
12.8
0.6
1.1
11.1
3.6
0.1
0.2
1.4
0.4
0.4
1.2
15.9
3.1
0.7
0.7
1.7
0.2
4.4
9.2
0.2
4.3
1.3
55.1
NO
CH
42.0
41.7
3.5
2.6
0.9
5.9
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.6
3.6
16.3
15.4
4.7
10.2
0.6
0.6
0.3
3.1
0.2
5.3
0.7
51.3
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
traffic departing from the EU).
188
189
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
EU-27 79.3 97.8 41.2 87.2
8.4
4.4 16.4 18.1
2.3 12.9
4.8
6.9 55.0
25.1 17.0 24.9 64.1 11.0
0.3
2.2
8.5
0.2
9.2
2.8
100 EU-27
EU-25 79.7 98.1 40.6 86.6
8.9
4.6 16.3 18.6
2.4 13.1
5.0
7.2 53.7
25.5 17.3 24.7 64.1 11.2
0.3
1.9
8.3
0.3
9.1
2.6
100 EU-25
BE 81.2 99.5 25.4 81.5 17.2
1.3 24.9 32.5
1.8 29.7
2.2
6.8 26.9
24.4 25.2 20.7 71.0
8.3
0.1
0.5 10.4
0.2
7.3
0.8
100
BE
BG 73.8 96.5 61.3 94.9
0.2
4.9 20.0 23.8
2.7 21.7
1.8
4.5 45.5
15.4
3.3 18.6 70.1 11.3
0.1
3.5
9.4
0.1
6.6 10.1
100
BG
CZ 81.8 95.7 52.2 96.2
1.6
2.2 21.3 14.9
0.8 17.3
2.4
4.4 60.1
16.3
9.3 28.6 69.2
2.1
0.9
4.3 10.3
0.3
5.2
2.4
100
CZ
DK 78.8 99.1 48.9 89.7
3.9
6.4 11.1
7.7
0.1
7.7
4.1 26.5 54.0
27.2 12.5 12.5 55.9 31.5
0.3
0.9
3.8
0.2 15.1
2.1
100
DK
DE 80.9 98.6 51.1 89.7
5.7
4.6 11.8
6.7
0.6
0.0
0.7 91.9
20.1 16.9 28.0 67.5
4.5
0.2
1.4 12.1
0.3
5.4
1.2
100
DE
EE 86.7 97.3 78.0 93.7
6.3
5.4
0.1
0.6
0.7
0.5
1.2 96.9
14.1
2.5 24.5 64.2 11.3
2.7
4.1
6.1
3.2
100
EE
IE 66.7 99.9 32.2 96.7
2.5
0.8 13.7
0.0 29.7
7.4
1.3 16.2 45.5
31.2 22.9 25.5 66.8
7.7
0.1
4.7
0.1 25.6
2.8
100
IE
EL 82.0 98.5 55.5 93.1
6.8
0.1
9.9
1.9 14.7
8.8
2.4
6.8 65.4
22.3 12.3 11.5 66.6 21.9
1.5
6.9
0.1
8.6
2.4
100
EL
ES 78.1 98.8 36.0 87.9 10.5
1.6 20.0 10.4
4.4 13.3
8.5
9.6 53.8
32.9 11.1 22.0 51.0 27.0
1.2
7.9
0.4 10.5
3.2
100
ES
FR 72.3 98.5 17.8 71.7 22.7
5.6 20.7 21.6
2.4 20.9
6.0 15.2 33.8
36.2 25.3 29.0 61.8
9.2
1.5
7.6
0.3 18.0
1.9
100
FR
IT 83.0 98.4 35.1 76.5 16.5
7.1 17.8 21.6
1.4 14.1
6.5
6.8 49.5
28.6 18.2 27.7 61.7 10.6
0.2
1.6
6.6
0.4
6.7
3.3
100
IT
CY 76.9 100.0 50.4 100.0
15.6
11.4 88.6
29.0
4.6 24.0 59.2 16.8
0.4
9.0
0.0
7.5
6.5
100
CY
LV 73.1 98.8 22.7 97.2
2.8 14.2 24.5
0.9
1.7
0.9 17.7 54.2
43.9 19.1 36.9 39.7 23.5
0.0
1.2
2.6
0.5 17.0
6.9
100
LV
LT 54.6 98.2 37.4 68.3 31.0
0.7 12.1
8.7
0.2 19.2 72.0
39.1 11.3 28.4 55.8 15.9
0.1
1.8 22.4
0.4 17.2
5.5
100
LT
LU 87.9 99.6 12.1 100.0
16.1 31.3
3.0
9.4
1.4 54.9
59.2 12.5 48.6 47.4
4.0
0.1
0.4
6.1
0.1
5.5
0.4
100
LU
HU 75.0 96.2 37.6 89.3
8.7
2.0 14.4 39.3 19.7 20.6
2.5
8.5
9.3
23.4 24.6 29.1 62.8
8.2
3.8
6.9
0.2 12.5
5.4
100
HU
MT 88.7 100.0 75.1 100.0
1.9 100.0
19.7
3.4 57.1 42.9
2.3
0.1
2.3
6.6
100
MT
NL 81.1 98.5 39.7 80.4 16.2
3.4 16.8 16.3
0.9 46.3
5.0 13.8 17.7
21.5 21.7 28.7 45.3 26.0
0.2
1.5
7.0
0.1
8.9
2.9
100
NL
AT 75.2 98.6 21.5 75.0 20.5
4.5 24.3 39.5
1.6
9.7 14.0
5.7 29.5
37.2 17.0 17.9 72.8
9.4
0.1
1.4 12.8
0.5
9.0
2.5
100
AT
PL 80.7 95.8 59.6 92.4
3.4
4.2 11.3 23.4
3.5 19.0
3.9 13.6 36.5
12.6 16.5 16.2 65.1 18.7
4.2
8.3
0.2
8.8
2.0
100
PL
PT 70.4 97.2 35.6 86.8 13.2
19.4
2.1
19.7
8.0
7.7 62.5
34.8 10.1 42.4 43.4 14.2
0.1
2.8 10.5
0.4
9.3
9.4
100
PT
RO 68.3 89.6 52.2 100.0
21.1
100.0
13.8 13.0 34.3 61.9
3.8
10.4 14.6
0.1 12.8
4.2
100
RO
SI 80.5 97.2 40.7 100.0
0.0
0.0 14.4
8.8
3.6
7.5 19.5
5.7 55.0
33.3 11.7 25.1 61.3 13.6
2.8
5.9
0.2 10.0
3.3
100
SI
SK 75.7 97.1 29.8 70.7 15.1 14.2 36.2 52.6
1.3 14.3
4.6
3.0 24.2
19.5 11.2 18.1 79.5
2.4
3.3
2.9 12.4
0.2
6.9
4.8
100
SK
FI 81.2 99.7 48.5 89.8
9.0
1.1 18.0 30.0
0.9
8.4 38.7
1.5 20.6
23.3
8.2 21.6 43.6 34.8
2.1
0.3
8.5
0.1
7.1
3.1
100
FI
SE 73.7 97.4 22.9 78.9 18.1
3.1 22.7 11.6
0.9 15.1 16.8
6.3 49.4
44.4
9.5 19.4 40.2 40.4
0.6
2.6 10.0
0.4 12.9
2.9
100
SE
UK 85.3 97.5 39.9 84.4
7.2
8.4 15.2 23.6
76.4
25.0 19.2 20.3 75.2
4.5
0.7
2.5
4.4
6.8
3.6
100
UK
HR 73.5 90.4 35.6 71.3
24.0
4.7 18.1
2.7
0.5 13.8
4.1 14.4 64.4
30.5 15.8 18.0 60.7 21.3
9.6 12.6
0.7 10.5
2.7
100
HR
MK
MK
TR 77.4 99.4 37.3 94.4
5.6
28.1 12.5 12.4
3.0
72.1
18.1 16.5
77.1 22.9
0.6
7.0
7.1
8.5
100
TR
IS 48.9 93.2
1.4 100.0
20.6
0.4
4.0
18.5 77.2
49.1 28.9
2.8
1.8 95.5
6.8 34.1
0.3 11.8
5.0
100
IS
NO 72.7 89.0 35.9
4.7
8.4 86.9 10.0
2.2
6.4 37.9 10.5 10.4 32.6
44.7
8.8 22.5 22.9 54.6
0.6 11.0 16.7
0.3
7.8
2.4
100
NO
CH 81.9 99.3
8.3 74.2 25.8
14.0
3.7
0.8 16.7
7.4 10.2 61.2
39.2 37.0 30.4 66.0
3.6
1.4
0.7
6.0
0.5 10.4
1.3
100
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
traffic departing from the EU).
190
191
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 4
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 5
GHG Emissions (*) from Transport
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
BY MODE MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
2
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
EU-27
955.9
1 031.6
1 164.8
1 265.0
1 287.1
1 297.6
EU-25
934.4
1 014.3
1 148.5
1 243.6
1 264.7
1 275.1
ers –
t
****
BE
37.7
39.2
46.5
56.5
58.5
61.8
tion
TION
TION
A
TIONA
BG
12.8
8.4
6.4
9.0
9.5
9.0
TION
via
***
ranspor
tion
VIGA
ANSPORT
YS
CZ
8.1
10.2
13.2
19.1
19.5
20.4
VIA
tional
A
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L TR
L EMISSIONS
A
erna
AD
ILW
TA
erna
TA
TA
DK
15.6
19.1
19.0
18.5
19.7
20.5
ANSPORT
viga
ANSPORT
A
THER
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TO
TO
*
DE
184.1
199.2
209.1
192.4
189.7
188.9
1990
83.5
17.3
66.2
715.3
14.7
130.9
20.9
110.0
11.6
955.9 5 740.2
EE
4.1
2.0
2.1
2.8
3.3
3.5
1991
81.9
16.3
65.6
723.2
12.9
129.0
21.2
107.8
11.0
957.9 5 637.6
IE
6.3
7.8
13.1
15.9
17.0
17.8
1992
87.5
16.5
71.0
748.9
12.2
129.8
20.7
109.1
9.8
988.2 5 456.2
1993
91.3
16.0
75.3
758.9
11.3
132.4
20.7
111.7
9.4 1 003.4 5 372.8
EL
25.4
30.9
33.6
33.7
35.7
36.8
1994
95.1
15.7
79.5
766.6
10.7
129.0
20.4
108.6
9.2 1 010.6 5 347.0
ES
72.6
83.4
114.6
140.5
145.1
149.9
1995
100.7
16.8
83.9
781.9
10.6
128.9
19.1
109.8
9.5 1 031.6 5 406.3
FR
135.4
146.5
160.7
164.0
164.0
163.6
1996
106.5
18.1
88.4
804.1
10.6
136.6
19.7
116.9
10.1 1 067.9 5 523.4
IT
111.9
124.0
135.3
144.0
146.6
147.5
1997
111.4
19.0
92.5
814.4
10.3
147.0
19.6
127.4
9.7 1 092.8 5 433.9
1998
119.5
19.9
99.6
840.9
10.1
153.7
20.4
133.3
9.7 1 133.9 5 392.8
CY
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.7
3.7
3.7
1999
128.5
21.2
107.3
857.3
9.6
147.2
20.3
126.9
9.4 1 152.0 5 283.5
LV
4.7
2.7
2.3
4.2
4.3
4.7
2000
136.0
21.9
114.0
858.0
9.8
151.5
18.5
133.0
9.5 1 164.8 5 300.6
LT
6.5
3.7
3.6
4.8
5.0
5.7
2001
133.7
21.0
112.6
873.2
9.1
157.2
18.7
138.5
9.1 1 182.2 5 360.2
LU
3.2
4.1
5.8
8.5
8.2
8.0
2002
130.7
20.1
110.6
886.5
9.1
163.7
18.3
145.4
9.8 1 199.7 5 321.6
2003
134.4
19.9
114.5
894.6
9.0
168.0
20.3
147.7
10.0 1 216.1 5 412.4
HU
9.0
7.7
9.6
12.9
13.4
13.6
2004
143.9
20.6
123.3
913.0
9.0
177.0
20.5
156.5
9.6 1 252.5 5 433.0
MT
0.3
0.4
0.5
2.7
3.0
3.3
2005
151.2
21.8
129.4
910.5
8.4
185.1
21.2
163.9
9.9 1 265.0 5 404.2
NL
65.5
72.9
85.5
100.4
103.4
98.4
2006
157.1
22.1
135.1
915.0
8.3
197.0
22.6
174.5
9.6 1 287.1 5 414.7
AT
14.9
17.3
20.8
27.3
26.0
26.4
2007
161.2
22.4
138.8
920.4
8.7
198.3
22.1
176.2
8.9 1 297.6 5 360.4
PL
27.3
30.8
35.2
38.5
40.8
40.9
Total Civil Aviation • Road Transportation • Railways (***) • Total Navigation • Other • Total Transport
PT
13.0
16.2
23.0
23.7
24.0
23.8
1.80
RO
8.7
8.9
9.9
12.4
12.9
13.5
1.60
SI
2.8
3.8
3.9
4.6
5.0
5.7
1.40
SK
5.2
4.5
4.4
6.5
6.1
6.9
FI
15.7
14.1
16.3
17.1
17.6
17.9
1.20
SE
22.2
23.9
26.1
29.7
30.0
30.6
1.00
UK
141.2
147.7
161.5
171.8
174.9
174.9
0.80
HR
4.5
3.7
4.8
6.0
6.4
6.9
0.60
MK
TR
26.3
33.3
35.5
41.3
44.4
51.8
0.40
IS
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
NO
19.6
21.1
26.1
28.7
31.1
31.8
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
CH
17.9
18.1
20.7
19.5
19.7
20.3
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers, excluding LULUCF
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities.
192
193
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 5
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 6
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27
GHG Emissions from Transport – 2007
BY MODE SHARES %
BY MODE MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
ers –
t
****
ers –
t
tion
TION
TION
TION
*****
tion
TION
A
TION
TION
A
A
A
TION
via
***
via
ranspor
TION
ranspor
tion
VIGA
tion
S
VIGA
VIA
tional
YS
Y
A
tion
tional Bunk
VIA
tional
A
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
A
W
erna
AD
A
A
A
ANSPORT
ILW
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
erna
AD
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
A
THER
*
AIL
THER
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
1990
8.7
20.7
79.3
74.8
1.5
13.7
16.0
84.0
1.2
16.7
100
EU-27 161.2
22.4 138.8 920.4
8.7 198.3
22.1 176.2
8.9 1 297.6 5 360.4
1991
8.5
19.9
80.1
75.5
1.3
13.5
16.4
83.6
1.1
17.0
100
EU-25 160.1
22.3 137.9 900.9
8.0 197.9
22.0 175.9
8.2 1 275.1 5 131.0
1992
8.9
18.9
81.1
75.8
1.2
13.1
15.9
84.1
1.0
18.1
100
BE
3.8
0.0
3.8
25.2
0.2
32.6
0.5
32.1
0.1
61.8
167.2
1993
9.1
17.6
82.4
75.6
1.1
13.2
15.6
84.4
0.9
18.7
100
BG
0.7
0.1
0.5
7.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.7
9.0
76.5
1994
9.4
16.5
83.5
75.9
1.1
12.8
15.8
84.2
0.9
18.9
100
CZ
1.2
0.0
1.1
18.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
20.4
152.0
1995
9.8
16.7
83.3
75.8
1.0
12.5
14.8
85.2
0.9
19.1
100
DK
2.8
0.1
2.7
13.3
0.2
4.1
0.5
3.6
20.5
73.0
1996
10.0
17.0
83.0
75.3
1.0
12.8
14.4
85.6
0.9
19.3
100
DE
28.0
2.4
25.7
145.3
1.3
10.6
0.5
10.0
3.7
188.9
991.8
1997
10.2
17.0
83.0
74.5
0.9
13.4
13.3
86.7
0.9
20.1
100
EE
0.2
0.0
0.1
2.3
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.5
22.9
1998
10.5
16.6
83.4
74.2
0.9
13.6
13.3
86.7
0.9
21.0
100
IE
3.2
0.1
3.0
14.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.1
17.8
72.6
1999
11.2
16.5
83.5
74.4
0.8
12.8
13.8
86.2
0.8
21.8
100
EL
4.3
1.4
3.0
20.1
0.1
12.2
2.1
10.1
0.0
36.8
144.9
2000
11.7
16.1
83.9
73.7
0.8
13.0
12.2
87.8
0.8
22.0
100
ES
18.2
7.7
10.5
100.9
0.3
30.4
3.3
27.1
0.2
149.9
479.9
2001
11.3
15.7
84.3
73.9
0.8
13.3
11.9
88.1
0.8
22.1
100
FR
21.9
4.6
17.3
128.1
0.6
12.4
3.0
9.4
0.6
163.6
557.8
2002
10.9
15.4
84.6
73.9
0.8
13.6
11.2
88.8
0.8
22.5
100
IT
13.0
2.5
10.5
120.6
0.4
12.9
5.0
7.8
0.8
147.5
571.1
2003
11.1
14.8
85.2
73.6
0.7
13.8
12.1
87.9
0.8
22.5
100
CY
0.9
0.9
2.3
0.6
0.6
3.7
11.6
2004
11.5
14.3
85.7
72.9
0.7
14.1
11.6
88.4
0.8
23.1
100
LV
0.3
0.0
0.2
3.5
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.6
4.7
12.9
2005
12.0
14.4
85.6
72.0
0.7
14.6
11.5
88.5
0.8
23.4
100
LT
0.2
0.0
0.2
4.9
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.3
5.7
25.3
2006
12.2
14.0
86.0
71.1
0.6
15.3
11.5
88.5
0.7
23.8
100
LU
1.3
0.0
1.3
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
14.3
2007
12.4
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.7
15.3
11.1
88.9
0.7
24.2
100
HU
0.8
0.8
12.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
13.6
76.7
0.7 %
MT
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.7
0.0
2.7
3.3
5.8
NL
11.2
0.0
11.1
34.9
0.1
52.1
0.6
51.5
98.4
270.2
AT
2.3
0.1
2.2
23.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
26.4
90.2
15.3 %
12.4 %
TOTAL CIVIL AVIATION
0.7 %
PL
1.4
0.1
1.3
37.5
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.7
40.9
401.0
PT
2.9
0.4
2.5
18.8
0.1
2.0
0.2
1.8
23.8
86.1
ROAD TRANSPORTATION
RO
0.5
0.1
0.4
12.1
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
13.5
152.9
SI
0.1
0.0
0.1
5.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
5.7
21.0
YEAR
RAILWAYS ***
SK
0.1
0.0
0.1
6.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.9
47.1
2007
FI
2.0
0.3
1.7
13.0
0.1
2.1
0.6
1.5
0.7
17.9
81.5
TOTAL NAVIGATION
SE
2.8
0.6
2.2
19.5
0.1
8.0
0.5
7.5
0.2
30.6
75.2
UK
37.3
2.0
35.3
122.6
2.5
11.9
5.0
7.0
0.5
174.9
679.0
70.9 %
OTHER
HR
0.3
0.1
0.2
6.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
6.9
32.7
MK
TR
6.1
6.1
43.6
0.4
1.6
1.6
51.8 372.6
IS
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.7
5.3
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
NO
14.8
0.9
13.8
10.3
0.0
4.7
2.7
2.0
2.0
31.8
70.9
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
CH
4.1
0.1
4.0
15.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
20.3
55.2
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities; (*****) Total Transport's share in
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
Total Emissions.
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
194
195
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 6
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 7
GHG Emissions from Transport – 2007
GHG Emissions (*) Intensity
BY MODE SHARES %
(tCO EQUIVALENT/toe)
2
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
3.45
3.25
3.07
2.96
2.97
2.97
EU-25
3.42
3.22
3.05
2.93
2.94
2.94
ers –
t
tion
TION
BE
3.30
3.02
2.71
2.81
2.80
2.91
TION
***
A
TION A
TION
via
ranspor
BG
4.27
3.86
3.74
3.60
3.54
3.76
tion
S
VIGA
VIA
tional
YA
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
CZ
3.99
3.70
3.65
3.25
3.24
3.29
A
W
erna
AD
A
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
AIL
THER
*
DK
4.13
4.11
3.82
3.50
3.69
3.56
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
EU-27
12.4
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.7
15.3
11.1
88.9
0.7
24.2
100
DE
3.45
3.25
3.02
2.88
2.90
2.92
EU-25
12.6
13.9
86.1
70.7
0.6
15.5
11.1
88.9
0.6
24.9
100
EE
4.20
3.85
3.75
3.63
3.68
3.78
BE
6.2
0.2
99.8
40.7
0.2
52.7
1.5
98.5
0.2
37.0
100
IE
5.52
5.59
4.96
4.83
4.70
4.57
BG
7.4
20.2
79.8
82.2
0.9
1.9
100.0
7.7
11.7
100
EL
5.20
5.13
5.00
4.57
4.47
4.33
CZ
5.8
2.9
97.1
92.3
1.5
0.1 100.0
0.4
13.4
100
DK
13.8
3.8
96.2
65.1
1.1
20.0
11.3
88.7
28.1
100
ES
3.38
3.26
3.34
3.29
3.26
3.27
DE
14.8
8.4
91.6
77.0
0.7
5.6
5.1
94.9
1.9
19.0
100
FR
2.55
2.38
2.24
2.09
2.07
2.06
EE
4.3
0.8
99.2
65.0
3.2
23.5
6.5
93.5
4.1
15.5
100
IT
3.42
3.34
3.25
3.15
3.12
3.11
IE
17.8
3.9
96.1
78.6
0.8
2.0
1.3
98.7
0.7
24.5
100
CY
4.22
4.00
4.53
4.62
4.42
4.26
EL
11.7
31.6
68.4
54.6
0.4
33.3
17.4
82.6
0.0
25.4
100
ES
12.1
42.1
57.9
67.3
0.2
20.3
10.8
89.2
0.1
31.2
100
LV
3.59
2.84
2.73
2.73
2.71
2.71
FR
13.4
21.0
79.0
78.3
0.4
7.6
24.4
75.6
0.3
29.3
100
LT
3.10
2.58
2.77
2.69
2.78
2.76
IT
8.8
18.9
81.1
81.7
0.2
8.7
39.1
60.9
0.5
25.8
100
LU
3.80
3.28
3.01
3.12
3.09
3.06
CY
23.7
100.0
60.3
16.0
100.0
32.3
100
HU
3.48
3.10
3.14
2.89
2.86
2.84
LV
5.4
0.8
99.2
76.0
5.8
12.8
1.0
99.0
36.1
100
LT
3.7
2.1
97.9
86.1
4.1
6.1
5.2
94.8
22.6
100
MT
3.50
3.12
3.20
5.40
6.03
6.11
LU
16.7
0.0
100.0
83.3
0.0
0.0
79.0
21.0
56.3
100
NL
3.69
3.59
3.47
3.36
3.43
3.20
HU
5.5
100.0
93.0
1.4
0.0
100.0
17.7
100
AT
3.16
3.02
2.84
2.76
2.69
2.67
MT
1.5
1.0
99.0
15.6
82.9
0.7
99.3
56.6
100
PL
4.61
4.48
4.31
4.15
4.09
4.09
NL
11.4
0.4
99.6
35.5
0.1
53.0
1.2
98.8
36.4
100
AT
8.6
3.3
96.7
88.8
0.6
0.3
100.0
1.7
29.3
100
PT
3.55
3.57
3.40
3.44
3.50
3.32
PL
3.4
5.9
94.1
91.7
1.3
2.0
1.4
98.6
1.6
10.2
100
RO
3.83
3.85
3.66
3.82
3.79
3.82
PT
12.3
13.5
86.5
79.1
0.3
8.3
10.7
89.3
27.6
100
SI
3.38
3.07
2.95
2.80
2.83
2.86
RO
3.5
11.4
88.6
89.7
4.2
2.3
29.2
70.8
0.3
8.8
100
SK
3.50
2.97
2.76
2.60
2.61
2.61
SI
1.8
1.7
98.3
94.4
0.7
3.1
100.0
27.0
100
SK
1.9
10.5
89.5
95.7
1.8
0.5
100.0
0.0
14.6
100
FI
2.54
2.52
2.23
2.07
2.20
2.17
FI
11.1
15.6
84.4
72.5
0.6
11.7
28.3
71.7
4.1
22.0
100
SE
1.60
1.56
1.57
1.47
1.51
1.49
SE
9.3
21.7
78.3
63.8
0.2
26.1
5.7
94.3
0.5
40.7
100
UK
3.76
3.38
3.06
2.98
3.01
3.07
UK
21.3
5.4
94.6
70.1
1.4
6.8
41.6
58.4
0.3
25.8
100
HR
7.09
3.26
3.34
3.44
3.47
3.50
HR
4.7
23.8
76.2
91.2
1.5
2.7
58.7
41.3
21.1
100
MK
MK
TR
11.8 100.0
84.3
0.8
3.1 100.0
13.9
100
TR
3.25
3.55
3.61
3.66
3.51
3.67
IS
30.9
4.1
95.9
53.6
15.5
22.5
77.5
33.1
100
IS
1.72
1.53
1.35
1.17
1.12
NO
46.4
6.2
93.8
32.5
0.2
14.8
56.5
43.5
6.2
44.8
100
NO
2.68
2.46
2.53
2.11
2.78
2.56
CH
20.2
3.4
96.6
78.5
0.2
0.6
100.0
0.6
36.8
100
CH
2.26
2.22
2.18
2.13
2.02
2.05
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF;
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers and LULUCF
(***) Total Transport's share in Total Emissions.
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
196
197
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9 ;
Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 8
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
4 . 2
GHG Emissions (*) per Capita
4 . 2 . 1
kg CO EQUIVALENT
2
Total CO Emissions (*)
2
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
MILLION TONNES
EU-27
11 678
11 294
10 974
10 986
10 963
10 806
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-25
12 202
11 472
11 261
11 203
11 165
10 991
EU-27
4 399.5
4 150.2
4 105.8
4 231.5
4 243.1
4 186.7
BE
16 089
16 376
16 268
16 400
16 037
15 739
EU-25
4 141.1
3 954.3
3 960.0
4 071.6
4 076.8
4 016.9
BG
13 701
10 707
8 553
9 309
9 451
9 935
BE
118.6
123.3
123.7
123.4
119.1
114.5
CZ
18 852
14 876
14 391
14 396
14 632
14 721
BG
86.3
66.4
50.5
54.0
55.1
58.9
DK
14 390
15 927
13 960
12 690
14 191
13 370
CZ
164.3
131.4
127.1
126.4
128.6
129.9
DK
52.8
60.6
52.9
50.2
58.1
53.2
DE
15 558
13 545
12 591
12 133
12 300
12 056
DE
1 035.6
922.7
883.7
851.7
867.0
841.2
EE
26 851
14 634
13 680
14 961
14 834
17 095
EE
37.3
18.2
15.6
16.8
16.3
19.1
IE
16 120
16 861
18 746
17 613
17 153
16 661
IE
32.4
35.3
44.7
47.6
47.2
47.5
EL
11 435
11 678
12 927
12 915
12 636
12 947
EL
83.2
86.8
103.4
111.0
109.6
113.6
ES
7 775
8 521
10 268
10 971
10 655
10 695
ES
228.4
255.3
307.7
368.0
358.4
366.4
FR
9 958
9 659
9 557
9 207
8 980
8 774
FR
395.8
393.2
406.4
416.7
407.0
397.1
IT
9 255
9 491
9 867
10 065
9 847
9 619
IT
434.7
445.4
462.7
490.1
485.8
475.3
CY
4.2
5.4
7.7
8.0
8.2
8.3
CY
11 053
12 146
15 593
15 055
14 912
14 818
LV
19.2
9.1
7.1
7.8
8.3
8.6
LV
10 686
5 288
4 308
5 329
5 476
5 678
LT
36.1
15.1
12.0
14.4
14.6
15.9
LT
13 468
6 168
5 590
6 776
6 906
7 488
LU
12.1
9.4
8.9
12.3
12.2
11.8
LU
35 411
26 783
24 994
31 645
30 792
29 695
HU
72.5
61.5
58.5
61.1
59.8
57.8
HU
9 611
7 783
7 705
8 038
7 898
7 627
MT
1.8
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
MT
5 653
6 665
6 627
12 611
13 330
14 114
NL
159.3
170.7
169.6
175.8
172.5
172.7
NL
16 793
17 320
16 770
17 001
16 884
16 496
AT
62.1
64.0
66.0
79.0
77.6
74.2
PL
368.7
366.2
320.6
318.2
329.6
328.3
AT
10 411
10 298
10 334
11 516
11 300
10 842
PT
43.6
53.2
63.8
69.7
65.2
62.8
PL
12 208
11 708
10 221
10 183
10 529
10 520
RO
172.1
129.6
95.3
105.9
111.1
110.9
PT
6 224
7 285
8 347
8 819
8 387
8 117
SI
14.7
15.0
15.2
16.7
16.9
17.0
RO
10 520
7 995
6 060
6 928
7 151
7 097
SK
62.0
44.0
40.3
40.7
40.0
38.1
SI
9 334
9 440
9 542
10 217
10 334
10 401
FI
56.6
57.9
56.7
56.3
67.7
66.1
SK
13 848
9 827
8 975
9 182
9 103
8 729
SE
56.3
58.0
53.4
52.9
52.7
51.6
UK
588.8
550.5
550.0
554.0
551.8
543.2
FI
14 791
14 333
14 051
13 665
15 804
15 417
HR
23.1
16.9
20.0
23.4
23.5
24.9
SE
8 827
8 905
8 449
8 406
8 386
8 217
MK
UK
13 867
12 741
12 056
11 526
11 401
11 170
TR
139.6
171.9
223.8
256.4
273.7
304.5
HR
6 657
5 055
5 898
6 918
6 993
7 368
IS
2.2
2.3
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.4
MK
NO
34.8
37.8
41.6
42.9
43.3
45.0
TR
3 028
3 574
4 152
4 335
4 559
5 279
CH
44.5
43.3
43.9
46.0
45.6
43.6
IS
14 606
13 298
15 514
14 262
16 060
16 970
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change
and Forestry) emissions;
NO
13 670
13 413
14 720
14 704
14 923
15 072
Emissions data is downloaded from European Environment Agency (EEA), which
CH
8 211
7 798
7 866
7 713
7 625
7 355
is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data. EEA prepares
and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory, which
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers, excluding LULUCF
is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process.
198
199
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009;
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
Eurostat, May 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
4 . 2 . 2
2
4 . 2 . 2
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
2
2
MILLION TONNES
MILLION TONNES
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990 4 082 .9 4 063 .2 1 671 .6 1 451 .3
115 .1
105 .2
810 .5
154 .1
16 .9
85 .0
28 .5
42 .4
483 .6
767 . 5 787 . 9 199 . 4 499 . 2
89 . 3
25 . 7
19 . 8 300 . 0
11 . 4
5 . 2
4 399 . 5 1990
1991 4 055 .9 4 036 .1 1 647 .6 1 435 .3
112 .6
99 .7
766 .7
145 .3
15 .3
85 .1
30 .8
43 .5
446 .7
772 . 2 828 . 3 212 . 1 529 . 5
86 . 7
21 . 3
19 . 8 270 . 1
11 . 1
5 . 5
4 342 . 6 1991
1992 3 916 .3 3 896 .4 1 570 .6 1 366 .7
114 .5
89 .4
723 .8
138 .9
14 .2
83 .8
29 .1
43 .1
414 .7
795 . 3 788 . 5 198 . 6 505 . 9
83 . 9
18 . 3
19 . 9 258 . 4
10 . 5
5 . 6
4 190 . 7 1992
1993 3 864 .1 3 843 .5 1 509 .3 1 303 .4
117 .4
88 .6
716 .2
135 .5
12 .9
82 .6
29 .2
45 .3
410 .8
803 . 0 797 . 4 188 . 8 522 . 7
86 . 0
17 . 5
20 . 6 246 . 9
10 . 1
5 . 4
4 126 . 4 1993
1994 3 824 .1 3 802 .8 1 507 .8 1 297 .5
119 .9
90 .4
719 .1
145 .3
13 .7
82 .6
31 .5
46 .0
399 .9
808 . 3 750 . 7 175 . 0 490 . 0
85 . 7
17 . 0
21 . 3 264 . 4
9 . 4
5 . 2
4 103 . 1 1994
1995 3 859 .7 3 837 .8 1 505 .6 1 292 .1
125 .6
87 .9
735 .4
145 .4
13 .9
92 .5
32 .5
48 .9
402 .3
822 . 3 759 . 3 181 . 0 492 . 3
86 . 0
15 . 2
21 . 9 276 . 1
9 . 4
4 . 9
4 150 . 2 1995
1996 3 972 .0 3 949 .8 1 533 .2 1 321 .2
128 .5
83 .5
734 .4
140 .8
14 .0
87 .9
32 .4
50 .2
409 .1
846 . 9 821 . 4 199 . 6 534 . 5
87 . 2
13 . 9
22 . 2 264 . 8
9 . 4
4 . 8
4 251 . 0 1996
1997 3 874 .6 3 853 .5 1 481 .6 1 270 .2
131 .6
79 .8
728 .3
142 .8
13 .9
88 .2
33 .5
48 .9
401 .0
856 . 9 773 . 3 184 . 8 503 . 9
84 . 6
13 . 4
21 . 1 274 . 2
9 . 6
4 . 2
4 162 . 6 1997
1998 3 868 .6 3 848 .4 1 496 .5 1 289 .5
133 .1
73 .9
697 .2
135 .3
14 .0
85 .2
33 .2
48 .5
381 .0
884 . 2 757 . 4 181 . 7 493 . 9
81 . 8
13 . 0
20 . 2 269 . 5
9 . 7
4 . 1
4 151 . 9 1998
1999 3 811 .4 3 792 .7 1 455 .4 1 256 .5
127 .3
71 .6
680 .9
127 .8
13 .8
80 .3
31 .1
47 .9
380 .0
900 . 8 743 . 2 179 . 2 482 . 1
81 . 8
12 . 3
18 . 7 259 . 6
9 . 4
3 . 8
4 084 . 3 1999
2000 3 820 .9 3 802 .2 1 486 .6 1 286 .5
129 .7
70 .3
684 .6
130 .0
14 .0
81 .1
32 .0
46 .4
381 .0
900 . 9 718 . 8 172 . 5 467 . 5
78 . 8
11 . 5
18 . 7 271 . 7
9 . 3
3 . 8
4 105 . 8 2000
2001 3 908 .3 3 889 .5 1 519 .8 1 320 .8
130 .8
68 .3
676 .9
123 .9
14 .8
79 .6
30 .2
47 .4
381 .1
914 . 2 768 . 4 189 . 9 499 . 1
79 . 4
10 . 2
18 . 8 263 . 3
9 . 0
3 . 8
4 184 . 4 2001
2002 3 880 .8 3 861 .9 1 541 .2 1 340 .9
131 .8
68 .5
653 .4
116 .4
14 .8
76 .3
30 .4
46 .4
369 .0
926 . 9 730 . 3 177 . 5 474 . 6
78 . 3
10 . 1
18 . 9 264 . 7
8 . 9
3 . 7
4 158 . 1 2002
2003 3 970 .1 3 951 .2 1 583 .1 1 382 .7
131 .4
69 .0
667 .9
125 .5
14 .2
84 .7
33 .3
50 .1
360 .2
937 . 0 753 . 2 188 . 9 487 . 1
77 . 2
10 . 0
19 . 0 269 . 8
8 . 7
3 . 7
4 252 . 3 2003
2004 3972 .2 3 953 .4 1 574 .2 1 369 .3
135 .4
69 .6
658 .7
125 .1
13 .9
84 .2
31 .9
48 .5
355 .2
955 . 9 753 . 9 193 . 5 483 . 9
76 . 6
10 . 6
18 . 7 280 . 0
8 . 8
3 . 5
4 264 . 4 2004
2005 3 935 .2 3 916 .3 1 569 .9 1 362 .5
138 .0
69 .3
645 .7
113 .8
13 .7
87 .7
31 .3
46 .4
352 .8
955 . 3 734 . 9 181 . 0 477 . 8
76 . 1
10 . 5
18 . 8 283 . 7
8 . 8
3 . 8
4 231 . 5 2005
2006 3 938 .4 3 919 .5 1 578 .1 1 377 .5
133 .9
66 .8
644 .8
121 .2
14 .5
82 .0
30 .7
44 .1
352 .3
961 . 1 725 . 9 183 . 7 467 . 5
74 . 8
9 . 6
19 . 0 291 . 9
8 . 6
4 . 2
4 243 . 1 2006
2007 3 873 .6 3 854 .7 1 597 .4 1 392 .5
134 .6
70 .4
634 .5
115 .6
14 .6
82 .3
30 .3
43 .8
347 .8
966 . 0 646 . 8 164 . 0 413 . 1
69 . 8
9 . 9
18 . 8 300 . 9
8 . 6
3 . 6
4186 . 7 2007
Energy Industries • Industry (****) • Transport (**) •
1.7 % 1.0 %
Residential • Commercial/Institutional • Other (*****) • Total
3.9 %
ENERGY INDUSTRIES
1.20
9.9 %
INDUSTRY ****
1.10
38.2 %
TRANSPORT **
1.00
YEAR
RESIDENTIAL
23.1 %
0.90
2007
COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL
0.80
AGRICULTURE,
22.3 %
0.70
FORESTRY, FISHERIES
1990
OTHER ***
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions and
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
departing from the EU); (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
traffic departing from the EU); (***) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Other
and Industrial Processes; (*****) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Agriculture/
(Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels, Solvent and Other
Forestry/Fisheries, Other (Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels,
Product Use, Waste, Other; (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Waste, Other.
and Industrial Processes.
200
201
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
4 . 2 . 2
2
4 . 2 . 2
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
2
2
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990
92.8
99.5
41.1
86.8
6.9
6.3
19.9
19.0
2.1
10.5
3.5
5.2
59.7
18.9
19.4
25.3
63.4
11.3
0.6
0.5
6.8
0.3
0.1
100 1990
1991
93.4
99.5
40.8
87.1
6.8
6.1
19.0
18.9
2.0
11.1
4.0
5.7
58.3
19.1
20.5
25.6
63.9
10.5
0.5
0.5
6.2
0.3
0.1
100 1991
1992
93.5
99.5
40.3
87.0
7.3
5.7
18.6
19.2
2.0
11.6
4.0
6.0
57.3
20.4
20.2
25.2
64.2
10.6
0.5
0.5
6.2
0.2
0.1
100 1992
1993
93.6
99.5
39.3
86.4
7.8
5.9
18.6
18.9
1.8
11.5
4.1
6.3
57.3
20.9
20.7
23.7
65.5
10.8
0.5
0.5
6.0
0.2
0.1
100 1993
1994
93.2
99.4
39.7
86.1
7.9
6.0
18.9
20.2
1.9
11.5
4.4
6.4
55.6
21.3
19.7
23.3
65.3
11.4
0.4
0.6
6.4
0.2
0.1
100 1994
1995
93.0
99.4
39.2
85.8
8.3
5.8
19.2
19.8
1.9
12.6
4.4
6.7
54.7
21.4
19.8
23.8
64.8
11.3
0.4
0.6
6.7
0.2
0.1
100 1995
1996
93.4
99.4
38.8
86.2
8.4
5.4
18.6
19.2
1.9
12.0
4.4
6.8
55.7
21.4
20.8
24.3
65.1
10.6
0.4
0.6
6.2
0.2
0.1
100 1996
1997
93.1
99.5
38.4
85.7
8.9
5.4
18.9
19.6
1.9
12.1
4.6
6.7
55.1
22.2
20.1
23.9
65.2
10.9
0.3
0.5
6.6
0.2
0.1
100 1997
1998
93.2
99.5
38.9
86.2
8.9
4.9
18.1
19.4
2.0
12.2
4.8
7.0
54.6
23.0
19.7
24.0
65.2
10.8
0.3
0.5
6.5
0.2
0.1
100 1998
1999
93.3
99.5
38.4
86.3
8.7
4.9
18.0
18.8
2.0
11.8
4.6
7.0
55.8
23.8
19.6
24.1
64.9
11.0
0.3
0.5
6.4
0.2
0.1
100 1999
2000
93.1
99.5
39.1
86.5
8.7
4.7
18.0
19.0
2.1
11.8
4.7
6.8
55.7
23.7
18.9
24.0
65.0
11.0
0.3
0.5
6.6
0.2
0.1
100 2000
2001
93.4
99.5
39.1
86.9
8.6
4.5
17.4
18.3
2.2
11.8
4.5
7.0
56.3
23.5
19.8
24.7
65.0
10.3
0.3
0.5
6.3
0.2
0.1
100 2001
2002
93.3
99.5
39.9
87.0
8.6
4.4
16.9
17.8
2.3
11.7
4.7
7.1
56.5
24.0
18.9
24.3
65.0
10.7
0.3
0.5
6.4
0.2
0.1
100 2002
2003
93.4
99.5
40.1
87.3
8.3
4.4
16.9
18.8
2.1
12.7
5.0
7.5
53.9
23.7
19.1
25.1
64.7
10.3
0.3
0.5
6.3
0.2
0.1
100 2003
2004
93.1
99.5
39.8
87.0
8.6
4.4
16.7
19.0
2.1
12.8
4.8
7.4
53.9
24.2
19.1
25.7
64.2
10.2
0.3
0.5
6.6
0.2
0.1
100 2004
2005
93.0
99.5
40.1
86.8
8.8
4.4
16.5
17.6
2.1
13.6
4.8
7.2
54.6
24.4
18.8
24.6
65.0
10.4
0.3
0.5
6.7
0.2
0.1
100 2005
2006
92.8
99.5
40.3
87.3
8.5
4.2
16.4
18.8
2.2
12.7
4.8
6.8
54.6
24.5
18.5
25.3
64.4
10.3
0.2
0.5
6.9
0.2
0.1
100 2006
2007
92.5
99.5
41.4
87.2
8.4
4.4
16.5
18.2
2.3
13.0
4.8
6.9
54.8
25.1
16.8
25.3
63.9
10.8
0.3
0.5
7.2
0.2
0.1
100 2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the CO emissions
traffic departing from the EU).
2
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the CO emissions
2
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
202
203
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 3
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 3
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
2
2
MILLION TONNES
MILLION TONNES
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
EU-27 3 873.6 3 854.7 1 597.4 1 392.5 134.6
70.4 634.5 115.6
14.6
82.3
30.3
43.8 347.8
966.0 646.8 164.0 413.1
69.8
9.9
18.8 300.9
8.6
3.6
4 186.7 EU-27
EU-25 3 728.3 3 709.4 1 516.2 1 313.0 134.5
68.7 604.2 113.0
14.3
80.0
30.1
43.4 323.4
945.1 634.0 159.5 405.3
69.2
9.9
18.8 276.6
8.4
3.6
4 016.9 EU-25
BE
104.8
104.7
26.8
21.9
4.6
0.3
26.3
8.6
0.5
7.9
0.6
1.8
7.0
25.1
26.4
5.5
18.8
2.1
0.1
0.1
9.7
0.1
114.5
BE
BG
53.4
53.4
32.8
31.1
0.1
1.6
10.8
2.6
0.3
2.3
0.2
0.5
4.9
8.2
1.6
0.3
1.1
0.2
5.5
0.0
58.9
BG
CZ
116.3
116.3
61.3
59.0
1.0
1.4
24.9
3.7
0.2
4.3
0.6
1.1
15.0
18.5
10.5
3.1
7.1
0.2
1.1
0.0
12.9
0.3
0.4
129.9
CZ
DK
51.5
51.1
25.1
22.5
1.0
1.6
5.7
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.2
1.5
3.1
14.0
6.1
0.8
3.4
2.0
0.2
0.4
1.6
0.1
53.2
DK
DE
755.3
755.3
385.5
345.7
22.0
17.9
89.1
5.9
0.5
0.0
0.7
82.0
151.9
127.5
35.9
85.9
5.7
1.3
0.0
83.7
2.1
841.2
DE
EE
18.3
18.3
14.5
13.5
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.8
19.1
EE
IE
44.8
44.8
14.4
13.9
0.4
0.1
6.1
0.0
1.8
0.5
0.1
1.0
2.8
14.1
10.2
2.6
6.8
0.8
2.6
0.1
47.5
IE
EL
105.5
105.4
58.8
54.8
4.0
0.1
10.5
0.2
1.5
0.9
0.3
0.7
6.9
23.4
12.7
1.5
8.6
2.6
0.1
7.9
0.2
0.0
113.6
EL
ES
338.1
335.6
122.1
107.4
12.8
1.9
67.5
7.1
3.0
9.0
5.7
6.5
36.3
109.1
36.7
8.2
18.4
10.1
2.6
27.0
1.2
0.0
366.4
ES
FR
375.9
372.2
66.4
47.5
15.2
3.7
77.1
16.7
1.9
16.1
4.6
11.7
26.1
136.0
92.6
27.4
56.5
8.8
3.7
18.4
1.3
1.5
397.1
FR
IT
446.7
444.6
157.8
120.8
25.9
11.2
78.9
17.2
1.1
11.3
5.2
5.5
38.5
127.2
79.7
22.4
49.5
7.8
0.9
2.2
26.9
1.4
0.3
475.3
IT
CY
7.4
7.4
3.8
3.8
1.1
0.1
0.9
2.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.0
8.3
CY
LV
8.3
8.3
2.0
1.9
0.1
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.7
3.7
1.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
8.6
LV
LT
12.9
12.9
4.9
3.3
1.5
0.0
1.6
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.1
5.1
1.3
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.1
0.0
15.9
LT
LU
11.1
11.1
1.4
1.4
1.8
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
1.0
6.6
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
11.8
LU
HU
53.8
53.7
20.4
18.2
1.8
0.4
7.7
3.0
1.5
1.6
0.2
0.6
0.7
12.4
13.2
3.9
8.3
1.1
0.1
3.5
0.1
0.4
57.8
HU
MT
2.7
2.7
2.0
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
MT
NL
165.4
163.8
65.5
52.7
10.6
2.2
27.7
4.5
0.3
12.8
1.4
3.8
4.9
35.2
35.0
10.2
16.0
8.7
0.3
1.6
7.2
0.1
172.7
NL
AT
64.4
64.1
13.9
10.4
2.9
0.6
15.7
6.2
0.3
1.5
2.2
0.9
4.6
23.9
10.6
2.0
7.7
0.9
0.0
0.2
9.5
0.2
0.0
74.2
AT
PL
302.9
302.7
182.7
168.8
6.1
7.7
34.6
8.2
1.2
6.6
1.3
4.7
12.6
37.5
47.9
8.1
30.8
8.9
0.2
24.4
0.6
0.3
328.3
PL
PT
55.5
54.6
19.8
17.2
2.6
10.7
0.2
2.1
0.8
0.8
6.7
18.8
5.2
2.4
2.1
0.7
0.1
0.9
7.0
0.3
0.0
62.8
PT
RO
91.9
91.9
48.4
48.4
19.5
19.5
12.8
11.2
4.1
6.6
0.4
18.8
0.2
0.0
110.9
RO
SI
16.0
15.8
6.6
6.6
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
1.3
5.2
1.8
0.5
1.1
0.2
0.2
1.0
17.0
SI
SK
34.0
34.0
10.2
7.2
1.5
1.5
12.5
6.6
0.2
1.8
0.6
0.4
3.0
6.5
3.6
0.7
2.9
0.1
1.1
0.0
4.1
0.0
38.1
SK
FI
61.8
61.7
30.4
27.3
2.8
0.4
11.2
3.4
0.1
0.9
4.3
0.2
2.3
14.0
4.9
1.1
2.0
1.8
1.0
0.1
4.2
0.1
66.1
FI
SE
46.4
45.2
10.3
8.0
1.9
0.3
10.1
1.2
0.1
1.6
1.6
0.7
4.9
20.6
3.9
0.8
1.4
1.6
0.3
1.2
4.9
0.2
0.1
51.6
SE
UK
528.4
523.1
209.5
177.1
15.0
17.3
78.8
18.7
60.1
130.8
100.5
20.6
75.8
4.1
3.5
5.2
14.4
0.4
543.2
UK
HR
21.8
21.2
7.6
5.4
1.8
0.4
3.9
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.6
2.5
6.3
3.3
0.6
2.0
0.7
0.7
2.8
0.2
0.0
24.9
HR
MK
MK
TR
282.5
282.5
106.6
100.7
5.9
80.0
10.0
10.0
2.4
57.7
51.0
44.8
34.1
10.8
22.0
304.5
TR
IS
2.1
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.2
1.2
0.0
0.0
3.4
IS
NO
38.4
34.8
12.7
0.6
1.1
11.0
3.5
0.1
0.2
1.3
0.3
0.4
1.2
15.4
2.9
0.7
0.6
1.7
0.2
3.7
6.4
0.1
0.0
45.0
NO
CH
41.4
41.3
3.3
2.5
0.9
5.8
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.6
3.5
16.2
15.3
4.7
10.1
0.5
0.6
0.1
2.1
0.2
0.0
43.6
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
traffic departing from the EU).
204
205
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 3
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 3
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
2
2
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
EU-27 92.5 99.5 41.4 87.2
8.4
4.4 16.5 18.2
2.3 13.0
4.8
6.9 54.8
25.1 16.8 25.3 63.9 10.8
0.3
0.5
7.2
0.2
0.1
100 EU-27
EU-25 92.8 99.5 40.9 86.6
8.9
4.5 16.3 18.7
2.4 13.2
5.0
7.2 53.5
25.5 17.1 25.2 63.9 10.9
0.3
0.5
6.9
0.2
0.1
100 EU-25
BE 91.5 99.9 25.6 81.6 17.2
1.2 25.1 32.6
1.8 29.9
2.2
6.8 26.7
23.9 25.2 20.8 71.1
8.1
0.1
0.1
8.4
0.1
100
BE
BG 90.7 100.0 61.4 94.8
0.2
5.0 20.2 23.8
2.7 21.7
1.8
4.5 45.5
15.4
3.0 20.0 67.7 12.3
9.3
0.0
100
BG
CZ 89.5 100.0 52.7 96.2
1.6
2.2 21.4 14.9
0.8 17.3
2.3
4.5 60.2
15.9
9.0 29.9 67.9
2.2
0.9
0.0 10.0
0.2
0.3
100
CZ
DK 96.7 99.3 49.2 89.7
3.9
6.4 11.1
7.7
0.1
7.7
4.1 26.5 53.8
27.4 12.0 12.8 54.8 32.4
0.3
0.7
3.1
0.2
100
DK
DE 89.8 100.0 51.0 89.7
5.7
4.6 11.8
6.6
0.6
0.0
0.7 92.1
20.1 16.9 28.1 67.4
4.5
0.2
0.0
9.9
0.3
100
DE
EE 96.0 100.0 78.8 93.7
6.3
5.4
0.1
0.6
0.7
0.5
1.2 96.9
13.8
1.9 32.7 52.2 15.1
4.0
100
EE
IE 94.4 100.0 32.1 96.7
2.5
0.8 13.6
0.0 29.8
7.4
1.3 16.3 45.2
31.5 22.7 25.5 66.9
7.6
5.4
0.2
100
IE
EL 92.9 99.9 55.8 93.1
6.8
0.1 10.0
1.9 14.7
8.8
2.4
6.7 65.5
22.2 12.0 11.9 67.9 20.3
0.1
7.0
0.1
0.0
100
EL
ES 92.3 99.2 36.4 87.9 10.5
1.6 20.1 10.4
4.4 13.3
8.5
9.6 53.8
32.5 11.0 22.4 50.2 27.4
0.8
7.4
0.3
0.0
100
ES
FR 94.7 99.0 17.8 71.5 22.8
5.6 20.7 21.7
2.4 20.9
5.9 15.2 33.8
36.6 24.9 29.6 60.9
9.5
1.0
4.6
0.3
0.4
100
FR
IT 94.0 99.5 35.5 76.5 16.4
7.1 17.7 21.8
1.5 14.4
6.6
6.9 48.8
28.6 17.9 28.1 62.1
9.8
0.2
0.5
5.7
0.3
0.1
100
IT
CY 89.2 100.0 51.2 100.0
14.2
13.1 86.9
29.5
4.7 24.1 59.1 16.8
0.4
10.8
0.0
100
CY
LV 96.5 100.0 23.6 97.2
2.8 14.8 24.8
0.9
1.7
0.9 17.7 53.9
45.1 16.5 40.9 31.0 28.1
0.0
2.9
0.6
0.0
100
LV
LT 81.0 99.9 38.1 68.2 31.1
0.7 12.3
8.7
0.2 19.3 71.8
39.4 10.1 31.4 50.6 18.0
0.1
0.1 18.4
0.6
0.0
100
LT
LU 94.0 100.0 12.2 100.0
16.1 31.6
3.1
9.5
1.4 54.4
59.0 12.6 48.7 47.6
3.6
0.1
0.0
5.8
0.1
100
LU
HU 93.1 99.9 37.9 89.2
8.8
2.0 14.3 39.2 19.5 21.0
2.5
8.3
9.4
23.1 24.6 29.1 62.7
8.2
0.1
6.1
0.1
0.7
100
HU
MT 100.0 100.0 75.1 100.0
1.9 100.0
19.6
3.4 57.1 42.9
0.0
0.0
100
MT
NL 95.8 99.0 40.0 80.4 16.2
3.4 16.9 16.3
0.9 46.3
5.0 13.8 17.6
21.5 21.4 29.2 45.8 25.0
0.2
1.0
4.1
0.1
100
NL
AT 86.8 99.6 21.7 74.9 20.6
4.5 24.4 39.7
1.6
9.8 14.0
5.7 29.2
37.3 16.5 18.4 72.9
8.7
0.1
0.4 12.9
0.3
0.0
100
AT
PL 92.3 99.9 60.3 92.4
3.4
4.2 11.4 23.6
3.5 19.1
3.8 13.6 36.4
12.4 15.8 17.0 64.4 18.7
0.1
7.4
0.2
0.1
100
PL
PT 88.3 98.4 36.2 86.7 13.3
19.6
2.2
19.9
7.6
7.7 62.7
34.5
9.5 46.0 39.8 14.2
0.1
1.6 11.1
0.6
0.0
100
PT
RO 82.9 100.0 52.7 100.0
21.2
100.0
13.9 12.1 36.7 59.3
4.0
16.9
0.1
0.0
100
RO
SI 94.2 98.8 41.5 100.0
0.0
0.0 14.6
8.8
3.6
7.5 19.6
5.7 54.8
32.8 11.1 27.0 60.0 13.0
1.2
5.8
100
SI
SK 89.1 100.0 30.1 70.6 15.1 14.3 36.7 52.7
1.3 14.3
4.6
3.0 24.2
19.1 10.7 19.1 78.4
2.5
3.4
0.0 10.9
0.0
100
SK
FI 93.5 99.8 49.4 89.8
9.1
1.2 18.2 30.4
0.9
8.4 38.2
1.5 20.6
22.8
8.0 22.4 41.5 36.1
1.7
0.2
6.4
0.1
100
FI
SE 89.9 97.3 22.8 78.1 18.7
3.2 22.4 12.0
0.9 15.7 16.3
6.6 48.4
45.7
8.6 21.5 36.4 42.1
0.6
2.7
9.6
0.3
0.2
100
SE
UK 97.3 99.0 40.0 84.6
7.2
8.3 15.1 23.8
76.2
25.0 19.2 20.4 75.4
4.1
0.7
1.0
2.7
0.1
100
UK
HR 87.8 97.0 36.1 71.3
24.0
4.7 18.3
2.7
0.5 13.9
4.1 14.4 64.4
30.0 15.6 18.4 59.7 21.9
3.0 11.4
0.8
0.0
100
HR
MK
MK
TR 92.8 100.0 37.7 94.4
5.6
28.3 12.5 12.4
3.0
72.1
18.1 15.9
75.9 24.1
7.2
100
TR
IS 64.0 92.9
1.5 100.0
20.1
0.4
4.2
19.6 75.8
48.8 29.7
2.7
1.8 95.5
7.1 35.7
0.2
0.0
100
IS
NO 85.5 90.5 36.5
4.6
8.4 86.9 10.1
2.2
6.4 38.3
9.8 10.5 32.8
44.4
8.4 24.0 19.5 56.5
0.6
9.5 14.2
0.3
0.0
100
NO
CH 94.8 99.8
8.1 73.4 26.6
14.1
3.7
0.8 16.8
7.5 10.2 61.0
39.3 37.1 30.4 66.0
3.6
1.4
0.2
4.8
0.4
0.0
100
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land –
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land –
Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
Use Change and Forestry) emissions; (**)Excluding international
bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
206
207
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 4
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 5
CO Emissions from Transport
CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27
2
2
MILLION TONNES
BY MODE MILLION TONNES
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
941.6
1 013.8
1 145.0
1 244.9
1 266.7
1 276.9
ers –
t
****
EU-25
920.3
996.7
1 128.8
1 223.7
1 244.4
1 254.6
tion
TION
TION
TION
via
A
***
A
BE
36.5
37.8
44.8
54.2
56.2
59.3
TION
ranspor
tion
VIGA
ANSPORT
VIA
tional
YSA
tion
tional Bunk
BG
12.6
8.3
6.4
8.9
9.4
8.9
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L TR
L EMISSIONS
A
erna
AD
ANSPORT
ILW
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
TA
TA
*
CZ
8.0
9.9
12.7
18.4
18.7
19.6
A
THER
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TO
TO
*
DK
15.4
18.8
18.7
18.3
19.4
20.2
1990
82.7
17.1
65.6
704.3
14.1
129.2
20.6
108.6
11.3
941.6 4 573.7
DE
182.0
196.9
206.9
190.6
188.0
187.1
1991
81.1
16.1
65.0
712.0
12.4
127.3
21.0
106.4
10.7
943.5 4 514.0
1992
86.7
16.3
70.3
737.2
11.7
128.2
20.5
107.7
9.6
973.4 4 368.7
EE
4.0
1.9
2.0
2.7
3.2
3.5
1993
90.5
15.9
74.6
746.6
10.9
130.6
20.4
110.2
9.2
987.8 4 311.2
IE
6.2
7.6
12.8
15.6
16.7
17.5
1994
94.2
15.5
78.7
753.3
10.3
127.3
20.2
107.1
9.0
994.1 4 288.9
EL
25.0
30.4
32.9
33.2
35.2
36.3
1995
99.8
16.6
83.2
767.4
10.2
127.2
18.8
108.4
9.2 1 013.8 4 341.7
ES
71.5
81.9
112.2
137.3
141.7
146.4
1996
105.6
17.9
87.6
789.6
10.2
134.7
19.4
115.3
9.8 1 049.9 4 453.9
FR
134.4
145.5
159.6
162.9
162.9
162.5
1997
110.4
18.8
91.6
799.4
9.9
144.9
19.4
125.6
9.5 1 074.1 4 379.8
1998
118.4
19.7
98.7
825.3
9.6
151.5
20.1
131.4
9.5 1 114.4 4 382.1
IT
109.8
121.2
132.3
141.9
144.4
145.4
1999
127.3
21.0
106.3
841.3
9.2
145.3
20.0
125.2
9.2 1 132.3 4 315.8
CY
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.6
3.6
3.7
2000
134.6
21.7
112.9
842.2
9.4
149.6
18.3
131.3
9.3 1 145.0 4 349.9
LV
4.6
2.6
2.3
4.0
4.2
4.6
2001
132.3
20.8
111.5
857.3
8.7
155.1
18.5
136.7
8.9 1 162.3 4 432.6
LT
6.4
3.6
3.5
4.7
4.9
5.6
2002
129.3
19.9
109.4
870.7
8.7
161.3
18.0
143.3
9.6 1 179.6 4 410.8
2003
133.0
19.7
113.3
878.9
8.6
165.6
20.0
145.6
9.8 1 195.9 4 511.3
LU
3.1
4.0
5.7
8.3
8.1
7.9
2004
142.4
20.4
122.0
897.3
8.6
174.5
20.3
154.2
9.4 1 232.1 4 540.6
HU
8.5
7.3
9.2
12.5
12.9
13.1
2005
149.6
21.5
128.1
895.2
8.0
182.5
20.9
161.5
9.7 1 244.9 4 521.1
MT
0.3
0.4
0.5
2.7
3.0
3.3
2006
155.5
21.8
133.7
899.7
7.9
194.2
22.3
171.9
9.4 1 266.7 4 548.7
NL
64.9
72.2
84.8
99.7
102.7
97.7
2007
159.6
22.2
137.4
905.0
8.2
195.4
21.9
173.5
8.7 1 276.9 4 497.5
AT
14.7
17.0
20.5
27.0
25.7
26.1
Total Civil Aviation • Road Transportation • Railways (***) • Total Navigation • Other • Total Transport
PL
26.9
30.2
34.0
37.3
39.6
39.6
1.80
PT
12.8
15.7
22.3
23.0
23.3
23.1
1.60
RO
8.7
8.8
9.8
12.3
12.8
13.4
SI
2.8
3.7
3.8
4.5
4.8
5.4
1.40
SK
5.0
4.4
4.2
6.3
5.9
6.6
1.20
FI
15.4
13.7
15.7
16.4
16.9
17.2
1.00
SE
21.9
23.6
25.7
29.3
29.7
30.3
0.80
UK
138.8
144.3
158.9
169.5
172.7
172.7
HR
4.4
3.7
4.7
5.9
6.2
6.7
0.60
MK
0.40
TR
26.0
32.8
35.0
40.5
43.7
51.0
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
IS
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.7
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
NO
13.2
14.9
16.5
17.4
18.1
18.7
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
CH
17.6
17.8
20.5
19.3
19.5
20.1
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities.
208
209
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 5
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 6
CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27
CO Emissions from Transport – 2007
2
2
BY MODE SHARES %
BY MODE MILLION TONNES
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
ers –
t
****
ers –
t
tion
TION
TION
TION
*****
tion
TION
A
TION
TION
A
A
A
TION
via
***
via
ranspor
TION
ranspor
tion
VIGA
tion
S
VIGA
VIA
tional
YS
Y
A
tion
tional Bunk
VIA
tional
A
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
A
W
erna
AD
A
A
A
ANSPORT
ILW
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
erna
AD
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
A
THER
*
AIL
THER
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
1990
8.8
20.7
79.3
74.8
1.5
13.7
16.0
84.0
1.2
20.6
100
EU-27 159.6
22.2 137.4 905.0
8.2 195.4
21.9 173.5
8.7 1 276.9 4 497.5
1991
8.6
19.9
80.1
75.5
1.3
13.5
16.5
83.5
1.1
20.9
100
EU-25 158.4
22.0 136.4 885.7
7.6 194.9
21.8 173.1
8.0 1 254.6 4 326.4
1992
8.9
18.9
81.1
75.7
1.2
13.2
16.0
84.0
1.0
22.3
100
BE
3.8
0.0
3.8
24.3
0.1
30.9
0.5
30.4
0.1
59.3
148.8
1993
9.2
17.5
82.5
75.6
1.1
13.2
15.6
84.4
0.9
22.9
100
BG
0.7
0.1
0.5
7.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.7
8.9
59.6
1994
9.5
16.4
83.6
75.8
1.0
12.8
15.9
84.1
0.9
23.2
100
CZ
1.1
0.0
1.1
18.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
19.6
131.0
1995
9.8
16.7
83.3
75.7
1.0
12.5
14.8
85.2
0.9
23.4
100
DK
2.8
0.1
2.7
13.2
0.2
4.0
0.5
3.6
20.2
59.5
1996
10.1
17.0
83.0
75.2
1.0
12.8
14.4
85.6
0.9
23.6
100
DE
27.6
2.3
25.3
144.1
1.3
10.5
0.5
9.9
3.6
187.1
876.3
1997
10.3
17.0
83.0
74.4
0.9
13.5
13.4
86.6
0.9
24.5
100
EE
0.1
0.0
0.1
2.2
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.5
20.0
1998
10.6
16.6
83.4
74.1
0.9
13.6
13.3
86.7
0.9
25.4
100
IE
3.1
0.1
3.0
13.8
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.1
17.5
50.9
1999
11.2
16.5
83.5
74.3
0.8
12.8
13.8
86.2
0.8
26.2
100
EL
4.3
1.3
2.9
19.8
0.1
12.1
2.1
10.0
0.0
36.3
126.5
2000
11.8
16.1
83.9
73.6
0.8
13.1
12.2
87.8
0.8
26.3
100
ES
18.0
7.6
10.4
97.8
0.3
30.1
3.3
26.8
0.2
146.4
403.6
2001
11.4
15.7
84.3
73.8
0.7
13.3
11.9
88.1
0.8
26.2
100
FR
21.7
4.6
17.1
127.4
0.6
12.3
3.0
9.3
0.6
162.5
423.5
2002
11.0
15.4
84.6
73.8
0.7
13.7
11.2
88.8
0.8
26.7
100
IT
12.9
2.4
10.4
118.7
0.3
12.7
5.0
7.8
0.8
145.4
493.5
2003
11.1
14.8
85.2
73.5
0.7
13.8
12.1
87.9
0.8
26.5
100
CY
0.9
0.9
2.2
0.6
0.6
3.7
9.8
2004
11.6
14.3
85.7
72.8
0.7
14.2
11.6
88.4
0.8
27.1
100
LV
0.2
0.0
0.2
3.5
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.6
4.6
9.4
2005
12.0
14.4
85.6
71.9
0.6
14.7
11.5
88.5
0.8
27.5
100
LT
0.2
0.0
0.2
4.8
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.3
5.6
16.4
2006
12.3
14.0
86.0
71.0
0.6
15.3
11.5
88.5
0.7
27.8
100
LU
1.3
0.0
1.3
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.9
13.2
2007
12.5
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.6
15.3
11.2
88.8
0.7
28.4
100
HU
0.7
0.7
12.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
13.1
58.5
0.7 %
MT
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.7
0.0
2.7
3.3
5.4
NL
11.1
0.0
11.1
34.5
0.1
52.0
0.6
51.4
97.7
235.1
AT
2.2
0.1
2.2
23.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
26.1
76.4
15.3 %
12.5 %
TOTAL CIVIL AVIATION
0.6 %
PL
1.4
0.1
1.3
36.3
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.6
39.6
330.4
PT
2.9
0.4
2.5
18.2
0.1
2.0
0.2
1.8
23.1
67.1
ROAD TRANSPORTATION
RO
0.5
0.1
0.4
12.0
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
13.4
111.5
SI
0.1
0.0
0.1
5.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
5.4
17.2
YEAR
RAILWAYS ***
SK
0.1
0.0
0.1
6.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.6
38.3
2007
FI
2.0
0.3
1.7
12.3
0.1
2.1
0.6
1.5
0.7
17.2
69.3
TOTAL NAVIGATION
SE
2.8
0.6
2.2
19.4
0.1
7.9
0.4
7.4
0.2
30.3
61.2
UK
36.9
2.0
35.0
121.2
2.2
11.8
4.9
6.9
0.5
172.7
585.1
70.9 %
OTHER
HR
0.3
0.1
0.2
6.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
6.7
25.2
MK
TR
6.1
6.1
42.9
0.4
1.6
1.6
51.0 304.5
IS
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.7
4.1
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
NO
2.2
0.9
1.2
10.1
0.0
4.6
2.6
2.0
1.8
18.7
48.2
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
CH
4.1
0.1
3.9
15.8
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
20.1
47.6
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities; (*****) Total Transport's share in
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
Total Emissions.
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
210
211
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 6
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 7
CO Emissions from Transport – 2007
CO Emissions (*) Intensity
2
2
BY MODE SHARES %
(tCO /toe)
2
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
2.75
2.61
2.52
2.48
2.49
2.49
EU-25
2.75
2.60
2.52
2.47
2.48
2.48
ers –
t
tion
TION
BE
2.78
2.53
2.35
2.48
2.48
2.59
TION
***
A
TION A
TION
via
VIGA
ranspor
BG
3.15
2.91
2.73
2.74
2.72
2.93
tion
S
VIA
tional
YA
tion
tional Bunk
L
via
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
CZ
3.37
3.17
3.15
2.81
2.80
2.83
A
ers – A
A
W
erna
AD
A
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
AIL
THER
*
DK
3.22
3.33
3.05
2.82
3.06
2.90
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
EU-27
12.5
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.6
15.3
11.2
88.8
0.7
28.4
100
DE
2.95
2.77
2.66
2.54
2.58
2.58
EU-25
12.6
13.9
86.1
70.6
0.6
15.5
11.2
88.8
0.6
29.0
100
EE
3.74
3.36
3.19
3.12
3.16
3.30
BE
6.4
0.2
99.8
41.0
0.2
52.1
1.5
98.5
0.2
39.8
100
IE
3.27
3.38
3.27
3.33
3.25
3.20
BG
7.4
20.1
79.9
82.1
0.9
1.9
100.0
7.7
14.9
100
EL
4.19
4.15
4.16
3.91
3.88
3.78
CZ
5.7
2.9
97.1
92.3
1.5
0.1 100.0
0.4
14.9
100
DK
13.9
3.8
96.2
65.2
1.1
19.8
11.3
88.7
34.0
100
ES
2.71
2.64
2.71
2.78
2.74
2.75
DE
14.8
8.4
91.6
77.0
0.7
5.6
5.1
94.9
1.9
21.3
100
FR
1.81
1.70
1.66
1.59
1.58
1.57
EE
4.3
0.8
99.2
64.3
3.2
24.0
6.5
93.5
4.2
17.3
100
IT
2.89
2.81
2.75
2.70
2.70
2.69
IE
17.8
3.9
96.1
78.6
0.8
2.1
1.1
98.9
0.7
34.4
100
CY
3.37
3.24
3.85
3.85
3.72
3.60
EL
11.8
31.6
68.4
54.5
0.3
33.4
17.4
82.6
0.0
28.7
100
LV
2.64
2.09
1.91
1.96
1.97
1.98
ES
12.3
42.1
57.9
66.8
0.2
20.6
10.8
89.2
0.1
36.3
100
FR
13.3
21.0
79.0
78.4
0.4
7.6
24.3
75.7
0.3
38.4
100
LT
2.29
1.81
1.76
1.73
1.80
1.80
IT
8.8
18.9
81.1
81.7
0.2
8.8
39.1
60.9
0.5
29.5
100
LU
3.52
2.98
2.72
2.90
2.86
2.83
CY
24.0
100.0
59.8
16.2
100.0
37.4
100
HU
2.54
2.40
2.36
2.20
2.17
2.16
LV
5.4
0.8
99.2
76.7
5.3
12.5
0.9
99.1
48.4
100
MT
3.18
2.84
2.88
5.09
5.65
5.73
LT
3.7
2.1
97.9
86.0
4.1
6.2
5.2
94.8
34.1
100
LU
16.8
0.0
100.0
83.1
0.0
0.0
79.0
21.0
60.0
100
NL
2.92
2.87
2.88
2.92
2.98
2.78
HU
5.5
100.0
93.1
1.4
0.0
100.0
22.5
100
AT
2.49
2.41
2.32
2.36
2.29
2.26
MT
1.5
1.0
99.0
15.5
83.0
0.7
99.3
60.2
100
PL
3.71
3.68
3.55
3.42
3.38
3.37
NL
11.4
0.4
99.6
35.3
0.1
53.2
1.2
98.8
41.5
100
PT
2.65
2.73
2.69
2.72
2.73
2.58
AT
8.6
3.3
96.7
88.8
0.6
0.3
100.0
1.7
34.2
100
PL
3.5
5.9
94.1
91.6
1.4
2.0
1.3
98.7
1.6
12.0
100
RO
2.72
2.76
2.58
2.71
2.74
2.78
PT
12.5
13.5
86.5
78.6
0.3
8.5
10.7
89.3
34.4
100
SI
2.68
2.47
2.38
2.29
2.32
2.35
RO
3.5
11.4
88.6
89.7
4.2
2.3
29.2
70.8
0.3
12.0
100
SK
2.96
2.49
2.30
2.14
2.13
2.12
SI
1.8
1.7
98.3
94.6
0.7
2.9
100.0
31.6
100
FI
2.05
2.06
1.84
1.71
1.88
1.84
SK
2.0
10.3
89.7
95.9
1.6
0.5
100.0
0.0
17.4
100
FI
11.4
15.5
84.5
71.6
0.6
12.1
28.1
71.9
4.2
24.8
100
SE
1.27
1.25
1.25
1.19
1.23
1.21
SE
9.3
21.6
78.4
64.0
0.2
26.0
5.7
94.3
0.5
49.4
100
UK
2.89
2.64
2.53
2.56
2.59
2.65
UK
21.4
5.3
94.7
70.2
1.3
6.9
41.6
58.4
0.3
29.5
100
HR
5.25
2.43
2.58
2.66
2.66
2.69
HR
4.8
23.8
76.2
90.9
1.5
2.8
58.7
41.3
26.5
100
MK
MK
TR
11.9 100.0
84.2
0.8
3.1 100.0
16.8
100
TR
2.67
2.76
2.88
3.00
2.89
3.00
IS
31.5
4.1
95.9
52.7
15.8
22.5
77.5
41.6
100
IS
1.15
1.16
1.05
0.94
0.85
NO
11.5
42.1
57.9
54.1
0.2
24.7
56.2
43.8
9.4
38.8
100
NO
1.71
1.71
1.73
1.43
1.87
1.74
CH
20.2
3.4
96.6
78.5
0.2
0.6
100.0
0.6
42.3
100
CH
1.93
1.90
1.88
1.84
1.75
1.77
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF;
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers and excluding LULUCF
(***) Total Transport's share in Total Emissions.
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
212
213
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9 ;
Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 8
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 9
CO Emissions (*) per Capita
World Comparison
2
kg
SOME KEY STATISTICS 2007
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
GDP per Capita
tCO per
CO per GDP
2
2
EU-27
9 305
9 070
9 006
9 190
9 209
9 066
PPP 2 000 US$
Capita
tCO / toe
PPP 2 000 US$
2
EU-25
9 787
9 258
9 290
9 425
9 429
9 268
United States
37.96
19.10
2.47
0.50
BE
13 546
13 726
14 092
14 505
14 233
14 005
EU-27
24.99
7.92
2.32 (**)
0.32
BG
10 098
8 065
6 253
7 106
7 269
7 739
CZ
15 918
12 763
12 432
12 449
12 631
12 694
Japan
28.34
9.68
2.41
0.34
DK
11 209
12 907
11 155
10 231
11 787
10 895
Russia
11.32
11.21
2.36
0.99
DE
13 293
11 557
11 072
10 707
10 923
10 653
China (*)
7.65
4.58
3.08
0.60
EE
23 918
12 770
11 621
12 889
12 720
14 912
India
3.58
1.18
2.23
0.33
IE
9 561
10 212
12 372
12 155
11 871
11 672
EL
9 218
9 461
10 744
11 033
10 969
11 302
Korea
21.99
10.08
2.20
0.46
ES
6 241
6 894
8 323
9 278
8 954
8 995
Brazil
8.15
1.81
1.47
0.22
FR
7 088
6 915
7 078
7 020
6 845
6 662
Canada
31.74
17.37
2.13
0.55
IT
7 815
8 006
8 340
8 635
8 534
8 311
CY
8 833
9 841
13 244
12 555
12 566
12 499
Mexico
11.06
4.14
2.38
0.37
LV
7 864
3 893
3 020
3 827
3 983
4 138
World
9.29
4.38
2.41
0.47
LT
9 960
4 328
3 549
4 375
4 464
4 872
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong;
LU
32 831
24 317
22 525
29 342
28 530
27 443
(**) Source: Eurostat (May 2009), EEA (July 2009).
HU
7 032
6 005
5 790
6 123
5 998
5 815
MT
5 132
6 054
5 954
11 902
12 498
13 248
NL
13 261
13 822
13 946
14 758
14 669
14 357
AT
8 201
8 215
8 444
9 834
9 615
9 182
PL
9 807
9 611
8 432
8 390
8 701
8 667
PT
4 650
5 574
6 588
6 963
6 545
6 318
RO
7 464
5 738
4 268
4 917
5 172
5 176
SI
7 418
7 575
7 682
8 364
8 477
8 542
SK
11 717
8 231
7 474
7 579
7 441
7 095
FI
11 927
11 715
11 560
11 305
13 475
13 095
SE
6 989
7 129
6 770
6 813
6 813
6 694
UK
10 677
9 950
9 952
9 880
9 807
9 626
HR
4 927
3 759
4 546
5 340
5 362
5 673
MK
TR
2 486
2 782
3 320
3 558
3 751
4 314
IS
9 726
10 068
12 046
11 445
12 097
13 105
NO
8 698
9 329
10 044
10 007
10 050
10 249
CH
6 999
6 693
6 778
6 679
6 602
6 333
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers, excluding LULUCF
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
214
215
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009;
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
Eurostat, May 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 1 0
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 1 1
World Comparison
World Comparison – CO Emissions
2
CARBON INTENSIT Y (tCO /toe)
BY COUNTRY MILLION TONNES
2
tes
tes
*
*
*
o
*
o
ed Sta
7
a
ed Sta
7
a
2
re
xic
2
re
xic
U
azil
anada
U
azil
anada
thers
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
O
1990
2.39
2.54
2.65
2.43
2.51
2.57
1.85
2.46
1.38
2.07
2.42
1990 20 370 4 863 4 400 1 065 2 180 2 244
589
229
193
432
293 3 881
1991
2.39
2.50
2.61
2.42
2.53
2.73
1.91
2.54
1.41
2.05
2.39
1991 20 528 4 829 4 343 1 073 2 173 2 361
631
254
201
427
302 3 935
1992
2.38
2.48
2.57
2.39
2.55
2.75
1.93
2.50
1.43
2.06
2.38
1992 20 398 4 882 4 191 1 083 1 988 2 468
663
277
205
439
306 3 896
1993
2.37
2.49
2.53
2.37
2.46
2.81
1.95
2.45
1.45
1.99
2.36
1993 20 489 5 003 4 126 1 078 1 829 2 670
687
304
213
438
304 3 837
1994
2.36
2.48
2.53
2.36
2.48
2.81
1.98
2.50
1.43
1.99
2.44
1994 20 592 5 083 4 103 1 132 1 609 2 781
724
334
222
454
324 3 826
1995
2.36
2.48
2.50
2.32
2.54
2.86
2.03
2.49
1.49
2.02
2.40
1995 21 124 5 133 4 150 1 146 1 583 3 022
783
365
239
465
310 3 928
1996
2.37
2.50
2.47
2.31
2.52
2.92
2.07
2.45
1.53
2.04
2.37
1996 21 789 5 299 4 251 1 161 1 555 3 195
826
393
257
481
316 4 055
1997
2.37
2.55
2.44
2.27
2.44
2.86
2.10
2.40
1.54
2.08
2.39
1997 21 951 5 477 4 163 1 157 1 444 3 133
869
418
275
497
329 4 190
1998
2.37
2.53
2.41
2.25
2.49
2.91
2.08
2.26
1.56
2.11
2.43
1998 22 068 5 475 4 152 1 126 1 438 3 197
878
361
283
500
349 4 308
1999
2.34
2.48
2.39
2.30
2.46
2.81
2.10
2.25
1.57
2.09
2.33
1999 22 166 5 501 4 084 1 166 1 474 3 090
942
395
293
511
342 4 366
2000
2.35
2.49
2.38
2.28
2.48
2.79
2.14
2.28
1.60
2.12
2.42
2000 22 687 5 693 4 106 1 181 1 514 3 078
976
431
303
533
357 4 515
2001
2.36
2.53
2.37
2.29
2.45
2.84
2.12
2.35
1.64
2.12
2.38
2001 22 889 5 673 4 184 1 167 1 514 3 125
985
449
312
526
356 4 598
2002
2.34
2.47
2.37
2.36
2.45
2.81
2.13
2.27
1.59
2.14
2.37
2002 23 272 5 614 4 158 1 203 1 505 3 348 1 015
457
311
533
364 4 764
2003
2.36
2.51
2.36
2.40
2.42
2.86
2.13
2.23
1.53
2.12
2.35
2003 24 299 5 689 4 252 1 210 1 540 3 872 1 041
459
304
555
373 5 006
2004
2.37
2.50
2.34
2.32
2.39
2.92
2.15
2.27
1.53
2.05
2.30
2004 25 446 5 772 4 264 1 211 1 524 4 586 1 112
479
321
551
376 5 250
2005
2.38
2.49
2.32
2.35
2.35
2.99
2.16
2.23
1.52
2.05
2.31
2005 26 206 5 784 4 232 1 218 1 531 5 099 1 154
469
327
556
404 5 432
2006
2.39
2.47
2.32
2.32
2.37
3.04
2.22
2.23
1.49
2.00
2.39
2006 27 047 5 698 4 243 1 202 1 587 5 645 1 244
477
333
538
418 5 662
2007
2.41
2.47
2.32
2.41
2.36
3.08
2.23
2.20
1.47
2.13
2.38
2007 27 940 5 769 4 187 1 236 1 587 6 071 1 324
489
347
573
438 5 919
EU-27 • United States • Japan • Russia • China • India • Korea • Brazil • Canada • Mexico
EU-27 • United States • Japan • Russia • China • India • Korea • Brazil • Canada • Mexico
2.70
1.20
2.60
2.50
2.40
1.15
2.30
2.20
2.10
1.10
2.00
1.90
1.05
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.00
1.50
1.40
0.95
1.30
1.20
1.10
0.90
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.85
0.70
1990
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: EEA (not including Bunkers) July 2009, Eurostat, May 2009.
(**) Source: EEA (excluding Bunkers), July 2009.
216
217
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
4 . 2 . 1 1
C O E M I S S I O N S
OT H E R E M I S S I O N I N D I C ATO R S
2
4 . 3
World Comparison – CO Emissions
2
4 . 3 . 1
BY COUNTRY SHARES %
Emissions of tropospheric ozone
precursors (*) from Transport
tes
* *
o
Million tonnes, Tropospheric ozone formation potential
ed Sta
7
a
2
re
xic
(TOFP) equivalent (**)
U
azil
anada
thers
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
O
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
1990
100.0
23.9
21.6
5.2
10.7
11.0
2.9
1.1
0.9
2.1
1.4
19.1
EU-27
22.470
18.845
14.878
11.484
11.046
1991
100.0
23.5
21.2
5.2
10.6
11.5
3.1
1.2
1.0
2.1
1.5
19.2
EU-25
22.002
18.466
14.488
10.962
10.512
BE
0.455
0.384
0.325
0.251
0.251
1992
100.0
23.9
20.5
5.3
9.7
12.1
3.2
1.4
1.0
2.2
1.5
19.1
BG
0.234
0.143
0.120
0.224
0.245
1993
100.0
24.4
20.1
5.3
8.9
13.0
3.4
1.5
1.0
2.1
1.5
18.7
CZ
0.421
0.303
0.410
0.232
0.232
1994
100.0
24.7
19.9
5.5
7.8
13.5
3.5
1.6
1.1
2.2
1.6
18.6
DK
0.341
0.315
0.237
0.201
0.192
DE
4.238
2.753
2.043
1.355
1.262
1995
100.0
24.3
19.6
5.4
7.5
14.3
3.7
1.7
1.1
2.2
1.5
18.6
EE
0.097
0.044
0.038
0.028
0.029
1996
100.0
24.3
19.5
5.3
7.1
14.7
3.8
1.8
1.2
2.2
1.4
18.6
IE
0.168
0.168
0.150
0.112
0.108
1997
100.0
25.0
19.0
5.3
6.6
14.3
4.0
1.9
1.3
2.3
1.5
19.1
EL
0.511
0.555
0.542
0.478
0.444
ES
1.560
1.562
1.440
1.253
1.200
1998
100.0
24.8
18.8
5.1
6.5
14.5
4.0
1.6
1.3
2.3
1.6
19.5
FR
3.463
2.924
2.217
1.658
1.562
1999
100.0
24.8
18.4
5.3
6.7
13.9
4.3
1.8
1.3
2.3
1.5
19.7
IT
3.165
3.259
2.370
1.642
1.524
2000
100.0
25.1
18.1
5.2
6.7
13.6
4.3
1.9
1.3
2.3
1.6
19.9
CY
0.027
0.031
0.032
0.018
0.017
LV
0.094
0.042
0.044
0.047
0.051
2001
100.0
24.8
18.3
5.1
6.6
13.7
4.3
2.0
1.4
2.3
1.6
20.1
LT
0.173
0.086
0.074
0.075
0.080
2002
100.0
24.1
17.9
5.2
6.5
14.4
4.4
2.0
1.3
2.3
1.6
20.5
LU
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
2003
100.0
23.4
17.5
5.0
6.3
15.9
4.3
1.9
1.2
2.3
1.5
20.6
HU
0.309
0.253
0.248
0.275
0.285
MT
0.011
0.014
0.009
0.008
0.008
2004
100.0
22.7
16.8
4.8
6.0
18.0
4.4
1.9
1.3
2.2
1.5
20.6
NL
0.599
0.468
0.387
0.312
0.291
2005
100.0
22.1
16.1
4.6
5.8
19.5
4.4
1.8
1.2
2.1
1.5
20.7
AT
0.289
0.271
0.261
0.274
0.251
2006
100.0
21.1
15.7
4.4
5.9
20.9
4.6
1.8
1.2
2.0
1.5
20.9
PL
1.152
0.961
0.697
0.665
0.744
PT
0.323
0.317
0.291
0.232
0.224
2007
100.0
20.6
15.0
4.4
5.7
21.7
4.7
1.7
1.2
2.1
1.6
21.2
RO
0.234
0.236
0.271
0.299
0.290
SI
0.076
0.088
0.062
0.047
0.045
SK
0.120
0.105
0.091
0.087
0.070
UNITED STATES
FI
0.422
0.347
0.269
0.206
0.196
EU27
SE
0.546
0.444
0.345
0.269
0.254
JAPAN
UK
21.2 %
20.6 %
RUSSIA
HR
1.6 %
MK
CHINA
2.1 %
YEAR
TR
0.840
1.265
1.330
1.203
1.203
INDIA
1.2 %
2007
IS
15.0 %
KOREA
1.7 %
NO
0.353
0.319
0.272
0.231
0.229
4.7 %
BRAZIL
CH
0.295
0.204
0.166
0.124
0.117
CANADA
Notes: (*) Ozone precursors: NO , NMVOC, CO, CH ; (**) Weighting factors are used
21.7 %
x
4
4.4 %
to derive tropospheric ozone forming potentials (TOFP) so that emissions can
MEXICO
5.7 %
be combined in terms of their contribution to tropospheric ozone: nitrogen
OTHERS
oxides 1.22, non-methane volatile organic compounds 1.0, carbon monoxide
0.11 and methane 0.014.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: EEA (not including Bunkers) July 2009, Eurostat, May 2009.
218
219
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
B I O F U E L S
B I O F U E L S
4 . 4
4 . 4 . 2
4 . 4 . 1
Biofuels Production
BY FUEL 2007 ktoe
Final Energy Consumption
BY FUEL 2007 ktoe
Other liquid
TOTAL
Biogasoline
Biodiesel
biofuels (*)
EU-27
8 809
1 110
6 246
1 453
IN
OF
EU-25
8 787
1 110
6 227
1 450
DIESEL
DIESEL
ONSUMPTION C
BE
91
57
34
BIOFUELS
AND
AND
FINAL
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
BG
2
2
L
OF
TROL
TR
or Spirit
L FINAL
TA
TR
TROL
TA
PE
O
ONSUMPTION
as Diesel Oil
ther liquid
CZ
90
17
73
T
C
PE
FOR
Mot
G
SHARE
TO
OF
FOR
BIOFUELS
Biogasoline
Biodiesel
O
biofuels (*)
EU-27 303 131 106 533 196 598
2.6 %
7 878
1 187
6 675
15
DK
88
88
EU-25 296 833 104 357 192 476
2.6 %
7 835
1 187
6 635
12
DE
5 218
295
3 715
1 208
BE
8 268
1 468
6 800
1.1 %
87
87
EE
BG
2 013
627
1 386
0.1 %
2
2
IE
15
1
12
2
CZ
5 929
2 208
3 721
0.5 %
30
30
DK
4 529
1 881
2 647
0.1 %
6
6
EL
83
83
DE
47 707
21 671
26 036
8.4 %
3 994
296
3 698
ES
382
220
162
EE
805
338
467
FR
1 160
279
881
IE
4 671
1 915
2 756
0.5 %
21
3
16
2
EL
7 030
4 317
2 713
1.2 %
85
85
IT
180
180
ES
35 170
7 020
28 150
1.1 %
386
114
273
CY
FR
41 514
9 783
31 731
3.5 %
1 473
279
1 194
LV
16
8
8
IT
37 835
12 412
25 423
0.4 %
141
141
CY
657
370
287
0.1 %
1
1
LT
32
10
22
LV
1 213
427
787
0.1 %
2
2
LU
1
1
LT
1 434
437
997
3.6 %
52
11
42
LU
2 137
453
1 684
1.7 %
36
1
35
HU
17
9
8
HU
4 257
1 611
2 645
0.7 %
29
27
2
MT
MT
155
67
88
NL
85
75
10
NL
11 226
4 387
6 840
2.8 %
311
88
223
AT
7 592
2 035
5 557
2.9 %
218
17
191
10
AT
212
6
133
73
PL
12 059
4 249
7 810
0.8 %
96
72
25
PL
101
60
41
PT
6 001
1 638
4 363
2.2 %
133
133
PT
163
160
3
RO
4 285
1 549
2 736
0.9 %
40
40
SI
1 692
648
1 044
0.8 %
13
13
RO
19
19
SK
1 813
644
1 169
4.9 %
89
12
77
SI
4
4
FI
4 350
1 958
2 392
0.0 %
1
1
SK
59
14
45
SE
7 257
3 897
3 360
3.9 %
285
182
102
UK
41 531
18 521
23 009
0.8 %
346
77
268
FI
HR
1 986
745
1 241
0.1 %
3
3
SE
407
182
102
122
MK
TR
12 371
2 559
9 812
0.1 %
12
12
UK
384
9
375
IS
HR
4
4
NO
4 364
1 495
2 868
0.7 %
31
31
MK
CH
5 643
3 631
2 012
0.2 %
12
2
10
TR
14
14
Notes: (*) Liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesel.
The share of biofuels in total final consumption of petrol and diesel for transport
IS
contributes towards the 10 % binding minimum target for use of renewable energy
NO
in transport provided in the 2009 Directive on the promotion of the use of energy
from renewable sources (the 10 % target is formulated as the ratio between renewable
CH
12
2
10
energy consumption in transport and the total final consumption of 1) petrol, 2)
diesel, 3) biofuels for road and rail transport and 4) electricity for transport).
Notes: (*) Liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesel.
220
221
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
4 . 5
OT H E R E N V I R O N M E N T R E L AT E D I N D I C ATO R S
4 . 5 . 1
Notes
Oil Spills at Sea
NUMBER OF OIL SPILLS, TOTAL AMOUNT SPILT
Number of
Number of
Tonnes of
PERIOD
7 to 700 tonnes over 700 tonnes
oil spilt
2008
7
1
2 000
2007
10
4
18 000
2006
11
4
13 000
2005
21
3
17 000
2004
16
5
15 000
2003
15
4
42 000
2002
12
3
67 000
2001
16
3
8 000
2000
19
4
14 000
1990-1999
(avge per year)
28
8
114 000
1980-1989
(avge per year)
36
9
117 600
1970-1979
(avge per year)
54
25
314 200
SELECTED MAJOR OIL SPILLS World outside Europe
SHIP NAME
Year
Location
Oil lost (t)
Atlantic Empress
1979
off Tobago, West Indies
287 000
ABT Summer
1991
700 miles off Angola
260 000
Castillo de Bellver
1983
off Saldanha Bay, South Africa
252 000
Odyssey
1988
700 miles off Nova Scotia, Canada
132 000
Sea Star
1972
Gulf of Oman
115 000
Hawaiian Patriot
1977
300 miles off Honolulu
95 000
Exxon Valdez
1989
Prince William Sound, Alaska
37 000
SELECTED MAJOR OIL SPILLS Europe
SHIP NAME
Year
Location
Oil lost (t)
Amoco Cadiz
1978
off Brittany, France
223 000
Haven
1991
Genoa, Italy
144 000
Torrey Canyon
1967
Scilly Isles, United Kingdom
119 000
Irenes Serenade
1980
Navarino Bay, Greece
100 000
Urquiola
1976
La Coruna, Spain
100 000
Independenta
1979
Bosphorus, Turkey
95 000
Jakob Maersk
1975
Oporto, Portugal
88 000
Braer
1993
Shetland Islands, United Kingdom
85 000
Prestige
2002
Cape Finistere, Spain
77 000 (*)
Aegean Sea
1992
La Coruna, Spain
74 000
Sea Empress
1996
Milford Haven, United Kingdom
72 000
Erika
1999
Brittany, France
20 000
Notes: (*) amount in the hold.
222
223
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l Ta n k e r O w n e r s Po l l u t i o n Fe d e r a t i o n L td.
Notes
Notes
224
225
Notes
Notes
226
227
European Commission
EU energy and transport in figures 2010
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2010 — 228 pp. — 10.5 x 21 cm
ISBN 978-92-79-13815-7
doi: 10.2768/19814
ISSN 1725-1095
KO-AB-10-001-EN-
C
EU energy
2010
and transport
in figures
etbook
ock
Statistical P
FIGURES
IN
ANSPORT
TR
AND
ENERGY
EU
• STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK
2010
KO-AB-10-001-EN-
C
EU energy
2010
and transport
in figures
etbook
ock
Statistical P
FIGURES
IN
ANSPORT
TR
AND
ENERGY
EU
• STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK
2010
E U E N E R G Y A N D T R A N S P O R T I N F I G U R E S
S TAT I S T I C A L P O C K E T B O O K 2 0 1 0
Preface
Energy and transport are two crucial sectors of the economy. This
publication provides an overview of the most recent and most pertinent
annual energy- and transport-related statistics in Europe. It covers the
European Union and its 27 Member States and, as far as possible, the
current EU candidate countries and the EFTA countries.
The content of this pocketbook is based on a range of sources including
Eurostat, international organisations, national statistics and, where no
data were available, own estimates. Own estimates have mainly been
produced to get an idea of the EU total. At the level of individual countries,
they are merely indicative and should by no means be (mis-)interpreted
as 'official' data.
The publication consists of four parts:
(1) a general part with general economic and other relevant data;
(2) an energy part with data on energy production, consumption,
taxation and prices;
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
(3) a transport part covering both passenger and freight transport as
to your questions about the European Union
well as other transport-related data; and, finally,
Freephone number (*):
(4) an environmental part with data on the impact which the energy
and transport sectors have on the environment.
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
Most of the tables have data up to 2007; where available, more recent
(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access
to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.
data have been provided.
The tables of this pocketbook may also be found on the Europa internet
site under
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/statistics/statistics_en.htm
and under
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/publications/statistics/statistics_en.htm
A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available
Many tables on the internet contain more data than could be presented
on the Internet.
in this pocketbook. Some tables may be updated on the web before
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).
the publication of the next paper version.
Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2010
Eurostat, the main data provider, may be accessed directly on the internet
under http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
Photos courtesy of: Fotolia, iStockphoto, Shutterstock
Comments on this publication and suggestions for improving it are appre-
ISBN 978-92-79-13815-7
ciated. They should be sent to ener-moe@ec.europa.eu if they are related
doi: 10.2768/19814
to energy statistics and to move-transport-data@ec.europa.eu if they are
© European Union, 2010
related to transport statistics.
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER
1
Contents
Contents
PART 1 – GENERAL DATA
2.5.6
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Households ............................................................. 51
2.5.7
Heating Gasoil Prices for Households ......................................................................... 52
1.1 General
Data .......................................................................................................................11
2.5.8
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Households ......................................................... 53
1.2
Growth in GDP and Industrial Production .....................................................12
2.6
Country Energy Statistics .......................................................................................... 54
1.3
Employment and Unemployment ......................................................................13
2.6.1 EU-27 ...................................................................................................................................... 54
1.4
Share of Gross Value Added and Employment by Sector ...................14
2.6.2 Belgium .................................................................................................................................. 55
1.5 Population ............................................................................................................................15
2.6.3 Bulgaria .................................................................................................................................. 56
1.6a Member States External Trade: Imports ..........................................................16
2.6.4 Czech
Republic ................................................................................................................... 57
1.6b Member States External Trade: Exports ...........................................................17
2.6.5 Denmark ................................................................................................................................ 58
1.7 Comparison
EU-27
– World: general data ......................................................18
2.6.6 Germany ................................................................................................................................ 59
2.6.7 Estonia .................................................................................................................................... 60
PART 2 – ENERGY
2.6.8 Ireland .................................................................................................................................... 61
2.6.9 Greece .................................................................................................................................... 62
2.1
General Information ..................................................................................................... 21
2.6.10 Spain ....................................................................................................................................... 63
2.1.1 Glossary ................................................................................................................................. 21
2.6.11 France ..................................................................................................................................... 64
2.1.2
Average Calorific Values, Energy Content .................................................................. 23
2.6.12 Italy .......................................................................................................................................... 65
2.1.3 Conversion
Factors ............................................................................................................ 24
2.6.13 Cyprus .................................................................................................................................... 66
2.1.4
Methodology for the calculation of EU-wide average fuel prices .................... 25
2.6.14 Latvia ...................................................................................................................................... 67
2.2
Overview and Security of Supply........................................................................ 26
2.6.15 Lithuania ................................................................................................................................ 68
2.2.1
Indicators (EU-27 aggregated) ...................................................................................... 26
2.6.16 Luxembourg ........................................................................................................................ 69
2.2.2
Gross Inland Consumption ............................................................................................ 27
2.6.17 Hungary ................................................................................................................................. 70
2.2.2
Gross Inland Consumption, Renewables ................................................................... 28
2.6.18 Malta ....................................................................................................................................... 71
2.2.2
Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel – EU-27, Graph .............................................. 29
2.6.19 Netherlands .......................................................................................................................... 72
2.2.3 Import
Dependency ......................................................................................................... 30
2.6.20 Austria .................................................................................................................................... 73
2.2.4
Crude Oil and Gas Imports ............................................................................................. 31
2.6.21 Poland .................................................................................................................................... 74
2.2.5
Hard Coal Imports into the EU-27 ................................................................................ 32
2.6.22 Portugal ................................................................................................................................. 75
2.2.6
Final Energy Consumption by Fuel .............................................................................. 33
2.6.23 Romania................................................................................................................................. 76
2.2.6
Final Energy Consumption by Fuel – EU-27, Graph ............................................... 34
2.6.24 Slovenia ................................................................................................................................. 77
2.2.7
Final Energy Consumption by Sector ......................................................................... 35
2.6.25 Slovak
Republic ................................................................................................................... 78
2.2.7
Final Energy Consumption by Sector – EU-27, Graph .......................................... 36
2.6.26 Finland.................................................................................................................................... 79
2.2.8
Share of RES to Gross Inland Consumption .............................................................. 37
2.6.27 Sweden .................................................................................................................................. 80
2.3
Taxation ................................................................................................................................. 38
2.6.28 United
Kingdom ................................................................................................................. 81
2.3.1
Taxation of Energy Products ........................................................................................... 38
2.7
Energy Statistics of Candidate Countries and
2.4
Electricity .............................................................................................................................. 39
other European Countries ........................................................................................ 82
2.4.1
Electricity Production Capacity ..................................................................................... 39
2.7.1 Croatia .................................................................................................................................... 82
2.4.1
Electricity Production Capacity – EU-27, Graph ...................................................... 40
2.7.2
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia .................................................................. 83
2.4.2
Electricity from Renewable Sources ............................................................................ 41
2.7.3 Turkey ..................................................................................................................................... 84
2.4.2
Electricity from Renewable Sources, Graph .............................................................. 42
2.7.4 Iceland .................................................................................................................................... 85
2.4.3
Gross Electricity Generation ........................................................................................... 43
2.7.5 Norway ................................................................................................................................... 86
2.4.3
Gross Electricity Generation, from Renewables ...................................................... 44
2.7.6 Switzerland ........................................................................................................................... 87
2.4.3
Gross Electricity Generation – EU-27, Graph ............................................................ 45
2.8
World Context ................................................................................................................... 88
2.5
Prices ....................................................................................................................................... 46
2.8.1
Gross Inland Consumption by Country ..................................................................... 88
2.5.1
Automotive Diesel Oil Prices .......................................................................................... 46
2.8.1
Gross Inland Consumption by Country, Shares in % ............................................. 89
2.5.2
Unleaded Petrol (95 RON) Prices .................................................................................. 47
2.8.2
Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel / Product.......................................................... 90
2.5.3
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Industry .................................................................... 48
2.8.2
Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel / Product, Graphs ......................................... 91
2.5.4
Residual Fuel Oil Prices for Industry ............................................................................. 49
2.8.3 Energy
Intensity................................................................................................................................... 92
2.5.5
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Industry ................................................................. 50
2
3
Contents
Contents
PART 3 – TRANSPORT
3.4.7
Sea: Inward and Outward Flow of Passengers by Country ....................................134
3.4.8
Sea: Passenger Traffic at Major EU Seaports ....................................................................136
3.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 95
3.4.9
Sea: Freight Traffic at Major EU Seaports ...........................................................................137
3.4.10 Sea: Intra-EU Maritime Transport ............................................................................................138
3.1.1
Statistical Overview EU Transport ............................................................................................ 95
3.4.11 Sea: Container Traffic at Major EU Seaports .....................................................................140
3.1.2
Transport Growth EU-27 ................................................................................................................ 96
3.4.12a Combined Transport Traffic........................................................................................................141
3.1.3
Road Transport: Speed Limits, Blood Alcohol Limits .................................................... 97
3.4.12b Combined Transport ......................................................................................................................142
3.1.4
Road Transport: Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight .......................................................... 98
3.4.13 Road: Alps Crossing Freight Traffic .........................................................................................143
3.1.5
Employment by Mode of Transport ....................................................................................... 99
3.4.14 Road: Pyrenees Crossing Traffic ...............................................................................................144
3.1.6
Number of Enterprises by Mode of Transport ................................................................100
3.4.15 Rail: Alps and Pyrenees Crossing Traffic ..............................................................................145
3.1.7
Turnover by Mode of Transport ...............................................................................................101
3.4.16 Rail: Channel Tunnel Traffic .........................................................................................................146
3.1.8
Final Consumption of Households for Transport .........................................................102
3.5 Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................147
3.1.9
EU-27: Evolution of Consumer Prices for Passenger Transport ............................103
3.5.1
Road: Length of Motorways ......................................................................................................147
3.1.10 EU-27 External Trade by Mode of Transport ....................................................................104
3.5.2
Road: Length of Road Network ...............................................................................................148
3.1.11 Comparison EU-27 – World: Infrastructure and Vehicles .........................................105
3.5.3
Railways: Length of Lines in Use .............................................................................................149
3.1.12 Comparison EU-27 – World: Passenger and Freight Transport ............................106
3.2
Performance of Freight Transport expressed
3.5.4
Railways: High Speed Rail Network.......................................................................................150
in tonne-kilometres ....................................................................................................107
3.5.5
Railways: Main Railway Gauge and Electric Current Used ......................................151
3.5.6
Air: Number of Airports ................................................................................................................152
3.2.1
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport, Graph ...................................107
3.5.7
Inland Waterways: Length in Use ...........................................................................................153
3.2.2
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport ....................................................108
3.5.8 Pipelines .................................................................................................................................................154
3.2.3
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport ....................................................109
3.6 Means
of
Transport .....................................................................................................155
3.2.4a Road: National Haulage ................................................................................................................110
3.6.1 Road:
Motorisation ..........................................................................................................................155
3.2.4b Road: International Haulage ......................................................................................................111
3.6.2
Road: Passenger Cars .....................................................................................................................156
3.2.4c Road: National and International Haulage .......................................................................112
3.6.3
Road: Buses and Coaches ...........................................................................................................157
3.2.5 Railways ..................................................................................................................................................113
3.6.4 Road:
Goods
Vehicles .....................................................................................................................158
3.2.6 Inland
Waterways .............................................................................................................................114
3.6.5 Road:
Powered
Two-Wheelers .................................................................................................159
3.2.7 Pipelines
(Oil) ......................................................................................................................................115
3.6.6
Road: Passenger Cars .....................................................................................................................160
3.2.8 USA ............................................................................................................................................................116
3.3
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed
3.6.7 Road:
Goods
Vehicles .....................................................................................................................161
in passenger-kilometres ..........................................................................................117
3.6.8
Road: Buses and Coaches ...........................................................................................................162
3.3.1
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Passenger Transport, Graph ............................117
3.6.9 Road:
Motorcycles ...........................................................................................................................163
3.3.2
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Passenger Transport .............................................118
3.6.10 Road:
Mopeds.....................................................................................................................................164
3.3.3
Modal Split of Passenger Transport on Land by Country ........................................119
3.6.11 Sea: EU Merchant Fleet .................................................................................................................165
3.3.4 Passenger
Cars ...................................................................................................................................120
3.6.12a Sea: World Merchant Fleet by World Region ...................................................................166
3.3.5
Buses & Coaches ...............................................................................................................................121
3.6.12b Sea: World Merchant Fleet by Type of Ship ......................................................................167
3.3.6
Tram & Metro ......................................................................................................................................122
3.6.13 Air: Passenger Aircraft ....................................................................................................................168
3.3.7 Railways ..................................................................................................................................................123
3.6.14 Air: Freight, Special, Business aircraft....................................................................................169
3.3.8
Rail: High Speed Rail Transport ................................................................................................124
3.6.15 Rail: Locomotives and Railcars .................................................................................................170
3.3.9 USA ............................................................................................................................................................125
3.6.16 Rail:
Passenger
Transport
Vehicles .........................................................................................171
3.4
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport
3.6.17 Rail:
Goods
Transport
Wagons..................................................................................................172
using indicators other than tonne-kilometres or passenger kilometres ..126
3.7 Safety.....................................................................................................................................173
3.4.1
Air: Passenger Traffic Between Member States
3.7.1 Road
Fatalities .....................................................................................................................................173
(including domestic flights) .......................................................................................................126
3.7.2
Road Fatalities Country Rankings ...........................................................................................174
3.4.2
Air: Major Regular European Airlines ....................................................................................128
3.7.3a Road Fatalities by Type of User ................................................................................................175
3.4.3
Air: Passenger Traffic at Major EU Airports ........................................................................129
3.7.3b Road Fatalities of Vehicle Occupants by Type of Vehicle .........................................176
3.4.4a Air: Main Intra-EU Airport Pairs in Passenger Transport ............................................130
3.7.4 Road
Accidents ..................................................................................................................................177
3.4.4b Air: Main Connections Between EU and Non-EU Airports
3.7.5 Railway
Fatalities ...............................................................................................................................178
in Passenger Transport ..................................................................................................................131
3.7.6
Air: Lives Lost .......................................................................................................................................179
3.4.5
Air: Freight Traffic at Major EU Airports ...............................................................................132
3.7.7
Sea: Ships Lost (World) ..................................................................................................................180
3.4.6
Air: Movements of Aircraft at Major EU Airports ...........................................................133
4
5
Contents
Symbols and abbreviations
PART 4 – ENVIRONMENT
12 Estimates are printed in italic
4.1
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) ....................................................................183
%
per cent
4.1.1
Total GHG Emissions .......................................................................................................................183
4.1.2
GHG Emissions by Sector – EU-27 .........................................................................................184
-
not applicable, does not exist
4.1.2
GHG Emissions by Sector – EU-27, Shares ........................................................................186
4.1.3
GHG Emissions by Sector ............................................................................................................188
4.1.3
GHG Emissions by Sector, Shares ...........................................................................................190
blank
data not available
4.1.4
GHG Emissions from Transport ................................................................................................192
4.1.5
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27 .............................................................................193
0
zero or figure less than half of unit used
4.1.5
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27, Shares ............................................................194
4.1.6
GHG Emissions from Transport by Mode ..........................................................................195
ca.
circa = approximately
4.1.6
GHG Emissions from Transport by Mode, Shares .........................................................196
4.1.7
GHG Emissions Intensity ..............................................................................................................197
€
euro
4.1.8
GHG Emissions per Capita ..........................................................................................................198
4.2 CO Emissions ..................................................................................................................199
2
DG
Directorate-General of the European Commission
4.2.1 Total
CO Emissions .........................................................................................................................199
2
4.2.2 CO Emissions by Sector – EU-27 .......................................................................................... 200
2
dwt
deadweight ton (shipping)
4.2.2 CO Emissions by Sector – EU-27, Shares ......................................................................... 202
2
4.2.3 CO Emissions by Sector ............................................................................................................. 204
2
4.2.3 CO Emissions by Sector, Shares ............................................................................................ 206
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
2
4.2.4 CO Emissions from Transport ................................................................................................. 208
2
4.2.5 CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27 .............................................................................. 209
2
grt
gross registered tonnage (shipping)
4.2.5 CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27, Shares ............................................................. 210
2
4.2.6 CO Emissions from Transport by Mode ........................................................................... 211
2
mio
1 million
4.2.6 CO Emissions from Transport by Mode, Shares .......................................................... 212
2
4.2.7 CO Emissions Intensity ............................................................................................................... 213
2
mio t
1 million tonnes
4.2.8 CO Emissions per Capita ........................................................................................................... 214
2
4.2.9 World
Comparison ......................................................................................................................... 215
mtow
maximum take-off weight (aircraft)
4.2.10 World Comparison Carbon Intensity .................................................................................. 216
4.2.11 World Comparison CO Emissions by Country ............................................................. 217
2
passenger-kilometre: a unit of measure:
pkm
4.2.11 World Comparison CO Emissions by Country, Shares ............................................ 218
2
1 passenger transported a distance of 1 kilometre
4.3
Other emission indicators ..................................................................................... 219
PPP
Purchasing Power Parities
4.3.1
Emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors from Transport .............................. 219
4.4 Biofuels ............................................................................................................................... 220
4.4.1
Final Energy Consumption ........................................................................................................ 220
rpk
revenue passenger kilometres (air)
4.4.2 Biofuels
Production ........................................................................................................................ 221
4.5
Other environment related indicators ......................................................... 222
TEU
Twenty foot Equivalent Unit
4.5.1
Oil Spills at Sea .................................................................................................................................. 222
tonne-kilometre: a unit of measure:
tkm
1 tonne transported a distance of 1 kilometre
Notes .................................................................................................................................................. 223
break in horizontal time series
break in vertical time series
6
7
PART 1
Country abbreviations
GENERAL DATA
EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES EU27 ALSO EEA MEMBERS
EU MEMBER
ALSO IN
STATE SINCE:
SUBTOTAL OF:
AT Austria
1995
EU-15
BE Belgium
1958
EU-15
BG Bulgaria
2007
EU-12
CY Cyprus
2004
EU-12
CZ Czech Republic
2004
EU-12
DE Germany
1958
EU-15
DK Denmark
1973
EU-15
EE Estonia
2004
EU-12
EL Greece
1981
EU-15
ES Spain
1986
EU-15
FI Finland
1995
EU-15
FR France
1958
EU-15
HU Hungary
2004
EU-12
IE Ireland
1973
EU-15
IT Italy
1958
EU-15
LT Lithuania
2004
EU-12
LU Luxembourg
1958
EU-15
LV Latvia
2004
EU-12
MT Malta
2004
EU-12
NL Netherlands
1958
EU-15
PL Poland
2004
EU-12
PT Portugal
1986
EU-15
RO Romania
2007
EU-12
SE Sweden
1995
EU-15
SI Slovenia
2004
EU-12
SK Slovak Republic
2004
EU-12
UK United Kingdom
1973
EU-15
OTHER EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA EEA AND IN EFTA
IS Iceland
EEA: 1994
EFTA: 1960
LI Liechtenstein
EEA: 1994
EFTA: 1991
NO Norway
EEA: 1994
EFTA: 1960
OTHER EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION EFTA
CH Switzerland
EFTA: 1960
EUROPEAN UNION CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
HR Croatia
MK Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)
TR Turkey
OTHER COUNTRIES
CS Czechoslovakia (until 1992)
BR Brazil
CA Canada
CN China
IN India
JP Japan
KR Korea
MX Mexico
RU Russia
USA United States of America
Notes: The countries which were members of the EU in 1994 became members of the EEA
in 1994, those which joined the EU in 1995 had already been EEA members since
1994 and those which joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 became members of the EEA
upon accession to the EU.
The former GDR is always included in DE; unification on 3.10.1990.
8
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
1 . 1
PART 1
General Data
SUMMARY
POPULA
GDP
AREA
GDP PER HEAD IN PPP
1.1 GENERAL
DATA ................................................................................. 11
TION
NOMINAL
million
€ billion
EU27=100
1.2 GROWTH IN GDP AND
1 000 km2
1/1/2009
2008
2007
2008
EU-27
4 324.8
497.826
12 506.8
100
100
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION ..................................................... 12
EU-15
3 236.9
394.480
11 520.6
112
111
EU-12
1 087.9
103.346
986.2
56
59
BE
30.5
10.755
344.7
116 115
1.3 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT ........................... 13
BG
111.0
7.607
34.1
38 41
CZ
78.9
10.468
147.9
80 80
DK
43.1
5.511
233.0
121 120
1.4 SHARE OF GROSS VALUE ADDED AND
DE
357.1
82.002
2 495.8
116
116
EE
45.2
1.340
16.1
69 67
EMPLOYMENT BY SECTOR ....................................................... 14
IE
70.3
4.450
181.8
148 135
EL
132.0
11.260
239.1
93 94
ES
506.0
45.828
1 088.5
105
103
1.5 POPULATION ...................................................................................... 15
FR
544.0
62.449
1 950.1
108
108
IT
301.3
60.045
1 572.2
103
102
CY
9.3
0.797
17.2
94 96
1.6a MEMBER STATES EXTERNAL TRADE:
LV
64.6
2.261
23.2
56 57
LT
65.3
3.350
32.2
59 62
IMPORTS ................................................................................................ 16
LU
2.6
0.494
39.3
275 276
HU
93.0
10.031
105.5
63 64
1.6b MEMBER STATES EXTERNAL TRADE:
MT
0.3
0.414
5.7
76 76
NL
41.5
16.486
595.9
132 134
EXPORTS ................................................................................................ 17
AT
83.9
8.355
281.9
123 123
PL
312.7
38.136
362.4
54 56
PT
92.1
10.627
166.4
76 76
1.7 COMPARISON EU27 WORLD:
RO
238.4
21.499
139.8
42 48
SI
20.3
2.032
37.1
89 91
GENERAL DATA ................................................................................. 18
SK
49.0
5.412
64.8
68 72
FI
338.4
5.326
184.2
118 117
SE
450.3
9.256
328.1
123 120
UK
243.8
61.635
1 818.9
117
116
HR
56.6
4.435
47.4
60 63
MK
25.7
2.049
6.5
31 33
TR
785.3
71.517
498.4
45 46
IS
103.0
0.319
10.3
121 121
NO
323.8
4.799
309.3
179 191
CH
41.3
7.702
341.3
141 141
Notes: CY: Area refers to the whole island. FR: Area and population only cover mainland
France ('France métropolitaine'). The 4 French overseas departments Guyane,
Martinique, Guadeloupe and La Réunion, which are part of the EU, have a combined
area of 88 794 km2 and a population of 1.9 million. The total area of the EU therefore
is 4 413.6 thousand km2, its total population on 1 January 2009 was 499.7 million.
10
11
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
G R O W T H I N G D P A N D I N D U S T R I A L P R O D U C T I O N
E M P LOY M E N T A N D U N E M P LOY M E N T
1 . 2
1 . 3
Growth in GDP and Industrial Production
Employment and
COMPARED TO PREVIOUS YEAR
Unemployment
GROWTH IN INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH IN GDP
PRODUCTION
EMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Real growth
(excluding construction)
% CHANGE
% CHANGE
%
%
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005
2006
2007
2008
2005
2006
2007
2008
EU-27
2.0 3.2 2.8 0.7 1.2 4.1 3.6 -1.7
EU-27
63.5
64.5
65.4
65.9 9.0 8.3 7.2 7.1
EU-15
1.8 2.9 2.6 0.5 1.0 3.6 3.0 -2.0
EU-15
65.4
66.2
66.9
67.3 8.2 7.8 7.1 7.2
EU-12
4.8 6.7 6.6 4.3
EU-12
57.0 58.4 59.9 61.0 12.1 10.1 7.8 6.6
BE
1.8 2.8 2.9 1.0 -0.9 5.0 2.9 -0.6
BG
6.2 6.3 6.2 6.0 7.2 6.0 9.5 0.6
BE
61.1 61.0 62.0 62.4 8.5 8.3 7.5 7.0
CZ
6.3 6.8 6.1 2.5 4.3 8.7 10.5 -2.6
BG
55.8 58.6 61.7 64.0 10.2 9.0 6.9 5.7
DK
2.4 3.4 1.7 -0.9 2.8 4.0 -2.1 -1.2
CZ
64.8 65.3 66.1 66.6 8.0 7.2 5.4 4.4
DE
0.8 3.2 2.5 1.3 3.5 5.7 6.0 0.0
DK
75.9 77.4 77.1 78.1 4.9 4.0 3.8 3.4
EE
9.4 10.0 7.2 -3.6 11.1 10.2 6.4 -6.2
DE
66.0 67.5 69.4 70.7 11.2 10.3 8.7 7.6
IE
6.2 5.4 6.0 -3.0 3.9 3.0 4.9 -1.5
EE
64.4 68.1 69.4 69.8 8.1 6.1 4.8 5.6
EL
2.2 4.5 4.5 2.0 -1.6 0.8 2.3 -4.2
ES
3.6 4.0 3.6 0.9 0.8 3.9 2.0 -7.3
IE
67.6 68.6 69.1 67.6 4.4 4.4 4.6 6.1
FR
1.9 2.2 2.3 0.4 0.2 1.3 1.2 -2.5
EL
60.1 61.0 61.4 61.9 10.0 9.0 8.4 7.8
IT
0.7 2.0 1.6 -1.0 -0.8 3.6 2.1 -3.3
ES
63.3 64.8 65.6 64.3 9.2 8.6 8.3 11.4
CY
3.9 4.1 5.1 3.6 0.5 0.4 4.7 4.1
FR
63.7 63.7 64.3 64.9 8.9 8.9 8.0 7.4
LV
10.6 12.2 10.0 -4.6 7.4 6.5 1.0 -3.8
IT
57.6 58.4 58.7 58.7 7.8 6.9 6.2 6.8
LT
7.8 7.8 9.8 2.8 7.6 6.7 2.5 4.9
LU
5.4 5.6 6.5 0.0 2.8 2.1 -0.6 -5.3
CY
68.5 69.6 71.0 70.8 5.4 4.7 4.0 3.8
HU
3.5 4.0 1.0 0.6 7.3 10.6 8.1 -1.0
LV
63.3 66.3 68.3 68.7 9.0 7.0 6.1 7.7
MT
4.0 3.5 4.0 2.1
LT
62.6 63.6 64.9 64.3 8.4 5.7 4.4 5.9
NL
2.0 3.4 3.6 2.0 0.5 1.5 2.3 1.4
LU
63.6 63.5 64.2 63.4 4.5 4.7 4.1 5.1
AT
2.5 3.5 3.5 2.0 4.3 7.4 5.9 1.1
HU
56.9 57.3 57.3 56.7 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.9
PL
3.6 6.2 6.8 5.0 4.5 12.3 9.2 2.2
PT
0.9 1.4 1.9 0.0 -3.5 3.2 0.1 -4.1
MT
53.9 53.6 54.6 55.3 7.3 6.9 6.5 6.1
RO
4.2 7.9 6.3 7.3 -2.9 9.5 10.2 3.1
NL
73.2 74.4 76.0 77.2 4.8 3.9 3.2 2.7
SI
4.5 5.8 6.8 3.5 4.1 6.1 7.2 2.0
AT
68.6 70.2 71.4 72.1 5.2 4.8 4.5 3.9
SK
6.7 8.5 10.6 6.2 -1.2 15.2 16.9 3.2
PL
52.8 54.5 57.0 59.2 18.0 14.0 9.7 7.2
FI
2.9 4.4 4.9 1.2 -0.6 10.1 4.7 1.1
PT
67.5 67.9 67.8 68.2 8.1 8.1 8.5 8.1
SE
3.3 4.2 2.5 -0.2 2.2 3.6 3.9 -2.9
RO
57.6 58.8 58.8 59.0 7.5 7.6 6.8 6.1
UK
2.2 2.9 2.6 0.5 -1.1 0.5 0.2 -3.1
HR
4.2 4.7 5.5 2.4 5.0 4.3 5.1 0.7
SI
66.0 66.6 67.8 68.6 6.7 6.1 5.0 4.5
MK
4.1 4.0 5.9 4.9 7.0 3.6 5.2 6.3
SK
57.7 59.4 60.7 62.3 16.3 13.4 11.2 9.5
TR
8.4 6.9 4.7 0.9 5.7 5.8 4.4 -0.9
FI
68.4 69.3 70.3 71.1 8.5 7.8 6.9 6.4
IS
7.5 4.3 5.6 1.3 -2.5 5.0 5.6 14.6
SE
72.5 73.1 74.2 74.3 7.9 7.1 6.2 6.3
NO
2.7 2.3 2.7 1.8 -0.3 -2.2 -1.3 0.3
UK
71.7 71.6 71.5 71.5 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.7
CH
2.6 3.6 3.6 1.8 2.7 7.8 9.5 1.2
HR
55.0 55.6 57.1 57.8 13.0 11.5 9.8 8.6
Notes: GDP growth: EU-12: own estimate; EL: provisional.
Industrial production: includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing as well
MK
33.9 39.6 40.7 42.0 37.3 36.3 35.2 34.0
as electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 Sections B, C
TR
46.0 45.9 45.8 45.9 8.8 8.6 8.7 9.6
and D). Limited comparability with historical data published in previous editions
IS
83.8 84.6 85.1 83.6 2.6 2.9 2.2 3.0
of this pocketbook due to change from economic activity classification NACE Rev. 1.1
to NACE Rev. 2 and adoption of 2005 as new base year in all Eurostat data.
NO
74.8 75.4 76.8 78.0 4.4 3.4 2.5 2.6
Data adjusted by working days, MK: gross data (manufacturing production index).
CH
77.2 77.9 78.6 79.5 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.4
IS: Volume index of industry incl. energy. BE, CZ, NL: provisional data.
BE, BG: Eurostat estimates.
Notes: Labour force survey data, referring to population 15-64 years old.
12
13
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t ; i n d u s t r i a l p ro d u c t i o n d a t a fo r M K
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t ; M K , T R : n a t i o n a l s o u rce u n t i l 2 0 0 5
a n d I S f ro m n a t i o n a l s o u rce s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
S H A R E O F G R O S S VA LU E A D D E D A N D E M P LOY M E N T B Y S E C TO R
P O P U L AT I O N
1 . 4
1 . 5
Share of Gross Value Added
Population
and Employment by Sector
SHARE OF GROSS
SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT %
VALUE ADDED %
AGRI
AGRI
%
INDUSTRY SERVICES
INDUSTRY SERVICES
CULTURE
CULTURE
change
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
'08/'09
2008
2008
EU-27
470 . 388 477.010 481 . 081 489 . 344 491 . 397 493 . 453 495 . 768 497 . 826
0.4
EU-27
1.8
26.5
71.7
5.7
24.9
69.4
EU-15
363 . 493 370.667 375 . 558 385 . 819 387 . 977 390 . 131 392 . 468 394 . 480
0.5
EU-15
1.6
25.9
72.5
3.4
23.2
73.4
EU-12
106 . 896 106.342 105 . 523 103 . 525 103 . 420 103 . 322 103 . 300 103 . 346
0.0
EU-12
4.1
33.2
62.6
14.8
31.9
53.3
BE
9.948
10.131
10.239
10.446
10.511
10.585
10.667
10.755
0.8
BE
0.7
23.1
76.2
1.8
19.9
78.3
BG
8.767
8.427
8.191
7.761
7.719
7.679
7.640
7.607
-0.4
BG
7.3
30.5
62.2
19.3
28.3
52.5
CZ
10.362
10.333
10.278
10.221
10.251
10.287
10.381
10.468
0.8
CZ
2.5
37.6
59.9
3.6
38.2
58.2
DK
1.2
25.6
73.2
2.9
20.8
76.3
DK
5.135
5.216
5.330
5.411
5.427
5.447
5.476
5.511
0.7
DE
0.9
29.8
69.3
2.1
25.4
72.5
DE
79.113
81.539
82.163
82.501
82.438
82.315
82.218
82.002
-0.3
EE
2.9
29.1
68.0
3.9
34.7
61.4
EE
1.571
1.448
1.372
1.348
1.345
1.342
1.341
1.340
0.0
IE
1.4
32.4
66.2
5.8
25.6
68.6
IE
3.507
3.598
3.778
4.109
4.209
4.313
4.401
4.450
1.1
EL
3.7
19.0
77.3
11.5
19.7
68.8
EL
10.121
10.595
10.904
11.083
11.125
11.172
11.214
11.260
0.4
ES
2.6
28.4
69.0
4.3
27.2
68.5
ES
38.826
39.343
40.050
43.038
43.758
44.475
45.283
45.828
1.2
FR
2.0
20.4
77.6
3.3
20.1
76.6
FR
56.577
57.753
58.858
60.963
61.400
61.771
62.106
62.449
0.6
IT
2.0
27.0
71.0
3.9
28.2
67.9
IT
56.694
56.844
56.924
58.462
58.752
59.131
59.619
60.045
0.7
CY
2.1
19.5
78.5
4.3
20.3
75.4
CY
0.573
0.645
0.690
0.749
0.766
0.779
0.789
0.797
1.0
LV
3.1
22.6
74.3
7.9
28.6
63.5
LV
2.668
2.501
2.382
2.306
2.295
2.281
2.271
2.261
-0.4
LT
4.4
31.5
64.1
7.9
30.4
61.7
LT
3.694
3.643
3.512
3.425
3.403
3.385
3.366
3.350
-0.5
LU
0.3
15.4
84.3
1.5
21.8
76.7
LU
0.379
0.406
0.434
0.461
0.469
0.476
0.484
0.494
2.0
HU
4.3
29.1
66.6
7.5
31.6
60.8
HU
10.375
10.337
10.222
10.098
10.077
10.066
10.045
10.031
-0.1
MT
1.8
21.0
77.3
2.4
27.9
69.8
MT
0.352
0.369
0.380
0.403
0.405
0.408
0.410
0.414
0.8
NL
1.8
25.5
72.8
2.9
16.9
80.2
NL
14.893
15.424
15.864
16.306
16.334
16.358
16.405
16.486
0.5
AT
1.7
30.7
67.6
5.2
23.9
70.8
AT
7.645
7.943
8.002
8.201
8.254
8.283
8.319
8.355
0.4
PL
3.7
32.0
64.2
14.0
31.4
54.6
PL
38.038
38.581
38.654
38.174
38.157
38.125
38.116
38.136
0.1
PT
2.3
23.9
73.8
11.6
27.9
60.5
PT
9.996
10.018
10.195
10.529
10.570
10.599
10.618
10.627
0.1
RO
7.5
37.6
54.9
29.8
30.6
39.5
RO
23.211
22.712
22.455
21.659
21.610
21.565
21.529
21.499
-0.1
SI
2.4
33.9
63.8
8.6
34.6
56.8
SI
1.996
1.989
1.988
1.998
2.003
2.010
2.010
2.032
1.1
SK
3.1
38.0
58.9
3.6
34.4
62.0
SK
5.288
5.356
5.399
5.385
5.389
5.394
5.401
5.412
0.2
FI
2.8
32.3
64.8
4.8
25.7
69.4
FI
4.974
5.099
5.171
5.237
5.256
5.277
5.300
5.326
0.5
SE
1.6
28.0
70.5
2.2
22.7
75.1
SE
8.527
8.816
8.861
9.011
9.048
9.113
9.183
9.256
0.8
UK
0.9
23.6
75.5
1.5
17.7
80.7
HR
6.4
28.6
65.0
4.8
31.1
64.0
UK
57.157
57.943
58.785
60.060
60.426
60.817
61.176
61.635
0.8
MK
12.0
31.2
56.7
19.7
31.3
49.1
HR
4.773
4.659
4.498
4.444
4.443
4.441
4.436
4.435
0.0
TR
8.5
27.1
64.4
23.7
26.8
49.5
MK
1.873
1.957
2.022
2.035
2.039
2.042
2.045
2.049
0.2
IS
6.1
26.3
67.6
4.8
22.2
73.0
TR
55.495
61.204
66.889
71.610
72.520
69.689
70.586
71.517
1.3
NO
1.1
46.1
52.9
2.8
20.6
76.6
IS
0.254
0.267
0.279
0.294
0.300
0.308
0.315
0.319
1.2
CH
1.2
28.2
70.7
4.0
23.3
72.7
NO
4.233
4.348
4.478
4.606
4.640
4.681
4.737
4.799
1.3
Notes: Agriculture covers agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing. Industry includes
CH
6.674
7.019
7.164
7.415
7.459
7.509
7.593
7.702
1.4
mining and quarrying, manufacturing, energy, gas and water supply as well
LI
0.028
0.031
0.032
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.036
0.7
as construction. All other sectors are included in services.
Share of employment: FR: 2007. UK and CH: Share based on number of jobs
Notes: CY: government-controlled area only;
(not persons).
FR: metropolitan France only (i.e. no overseas territories and overseas departments).
14
15
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t ; n a t i o n a l s o u rce s fo r M K , I S
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
( b o t h G VA a n d e m p l oy m e n t ) , H R , M K ( e m p l oy m e n t )
G E N E R A L D ATA
G E N E R A L D ATA
M E M B E R S TAT E S E X T E R N A L T R A D E : I M P O R T S
M E M B E R S TAT E S E X T E R N A L T R A D E : E X P O R T S
1 . 6 a
1 . 6 b
Member States External Trade
Member States External Trade
IMPORTS
EXPORTS
YEAR 2008 VALUE = billion €
YEAR 2008 VALUE = billion €
IMPORTS FROM:
EXPORTS
TO:
OF WHICH:
OF WHICH:
7
7
2
2
3
3
E
E
EU
T
T
A
EU
A
7
A
7
A
2
TR
A
AN
2
TR
A
AN
WORLD
EU
EX
ANDID
ANDID
C
EFT
USA
JAP
RUSSIA
CHINA
WORLD
EU
EX
C
EFT
USA
JAP
RUSSIA
CHINA
EU-27 4 189.762 2 624.729 1 565.033 52.918 180.054 186.887 75.159 177.866 247.917
EU-27 4 011.357 2 704.747 1 306.611 70.965 145.314 249.959 42.275 105.030 78.430
BE
317.043
221.585
95.458
2.744
7.326 17.590
8.543
5.492 13.402
BE
320.805
246.595
74.210
3.756
6.100 15.701
2.105
3.622
3.424
BG
25.094
14.228
10.866
1.744
0.231
0.270
0.141
3.607
0.756
BG
15.204
9.118
6.086
1.808
0.119
0.237
0.018
0.413
0.110
CZ
96.572
74.260
22.311
0.508
1.060
1.167
2.048
5.987
4.721
CZ
99.809
84.768
15.041
1.054
1.921
1.768
0.382
2.911
0.548
DK
74.776
53.709
21.067
0.733
5.548
2.284
0.459
1.137
4.294
DK
79.254
55.273
23.982
0.749
5.552
4.260
1.525
1.386
1.490
DE
805.730
512.768
292.962
9.956 51.019 34.361 17.430 35.666 51.461
DE
983.255
622.664
360.591 18.406 47.247 71.082 12.708 32.270 34.037
EE
10.898
8.694
2.204
0.047
0.116
0.115
0.059
0.815
0.293
EE
8.465
5.929
2.536
0.158
0.313
0.407
0.039
0.881
0.054
IE
57.088
39.902
17.186
0.326
1.698
6.592
0.852
0.116
1.879
IE
85.477
53.694
31.782
0.451
3.074 16.237
1.707
0.319
1.594
EL
60.322
32.982
27.340
2.078
1.249
1.651
0.920
4.454
3.347
EL
17.196
10.964
6.233
1.153
0.313
0.886
0.033
0.419
0.104
ES
286.105
169.596
116.509
3.534
4.797
9.570
3.900
7.351 17.108
ES
191.388
133.155
58.233
3.284
3.469
7.486
1.436
2.803
2.132
FR
478.294
323.146
155.148
4.765 19.217 20.617
5.742 13.160 19.165
FR
408.776
259.569
149.207
6.187 13.753 23.755
5.596
7.006
8.979
IT
377.284
203.976
173.308
7.224 14.381 11.798
5.022 16.085 23.600
IT
365.806
213.918
151.888 10.841 16.381 23.038
4.258 10.470
6.444
CY
7.237
4.915
2.322
0.030
0.102
0.124
0.163
0.029
0.386
CY
1.110
0.770
0.341
0.004
0.008
0.008
0.020
0.019
0.007
LV
10.975
8.284
2.691
0.056
0.206
0.106
0.028
1.184
0.250
LV
6.897
4.730
2.167
0.011
0.244
0.095
0.023
1.011
0.019
LT
21.144
12.169
8.975
0.121
0.213
0.369
0.049
6.330
0.542
LT
16.077
9.694
6.383
0.121
0.507
0.514
0.013
2.582
0.019
LU
21.475
16.018
5.456
0.038
0.221
0.528
0.071
0.017
4.086
LU
17.224
15.293
1.930
0.254
0.382
0.302
0.034
0.158
0.158
HU
74.069
50.521
23.547
0.676
0.619
1.046
1.850
6.651
5.586
HU
73.772
57.672
16.100
2.226
1.113
1.689
0.344
2.666
0.762
MT
3.252
2.402
0.850
0.032
0.073
0.069
0.056
0.001
0.106
MT
2.003
0.922
1.081
0.015
0.017
0.183
0.158
0.002
0.025
NL
394.980
190.034
204.947
2.380 16.052 29.476 11.752 21.107 40.382
NL
433.722
342.350
91.372
4.716
9.089 16.736
3.021
7.144
3.965
AT
125.301
97.762
27.540
2.213
7.029
2.244
1.040
2.350
3.203
AT
123.259
89.024
34.235
2.708
5.783
5.291
1.025
3.421
1.945
PL
141.966
102.006
39.961
1.311
2.473
2.028
1.226 13.711
6.276
PL
115.895
90.178
25.717
1.714
2.887
1.685
0.269
6.041
0.867
PT
61.174
44.987
16.187
0.390
1.119
1.031
0.589
0.404
1.342
PT
37.949
28.006
9.943
0.244
0.414
1.340
0.180
0.191
0.184
RO
57.148
39.827
17.321
2.847
0.510
0.825
0.301
3.330
2.397
RO
33.679
23.758
9.921
2.380
0.627
0.576
0.081
0.610
0.160
SI
25.180
17.942
7.238
1.934
0.209
0.428
0.104
0.396
0.616
SI
23.204
15.799
7.405
2.268
0.228
0.281
0.027
1.117
0.121
SK
50.253
36.724
13.529
0.283
0.310
0.315
0.472
5.258
2.078
SK
48.370
41.285
7.085
0.877
0.449
0.815
0.094
1.811
0.419
FI
62.402
38.710
23.692
0.250
1.921
1.252
0.690 10.150
3.168
FI
65.580
36.668
28.913
0.712
2.582
4.148
1.181
7.618
2.060
SE
113.638
78.311
35.327
0.883 10.702
3.591
2.086
4.998
4.765
SE
124.653
74.893
49.759
1.486 13.410
8.201
1.370
3.023
2.696
UK
430.361
229.270
201.091
5.814 31.653 37.441
9.566
8.081 32.706
UK
312.528
178.057
134.471
3.381
9.334 43.239
4.628
5.117
6.107
Notes: Candidate 3: Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey
Notes: Candidate 3: Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey
EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.
EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland.
16
17
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
G E N E R A L D ATA
C O M PA R I S O N E U 2 7 W O R L D : G E N E R A L D ATA
1 . 7
PART 2
Comparison EU – World
GENERAL DATA
ENERGY
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
Population
498.69
304.38
127.69 1 324.66
141.96
million
Population growth
0.4
0.9
-0.1
0.5
-0.1
% change since previous year
Urban population
73
81
90
45
73
% of total
Area
4 414
9 629
378
9 597
17 075
thousand km2
Population density
113
32
338
138
8
Persons/km2
GDP (nominal)
12 507
9 819
3 313
3 072
1 133
€ billion
Real GDP growth
0.8
0.4
-1.2
9.6
5.6
(in national currency); %
Relative GDP per capita
100
155
111
19
52
in PPP (EU-27 = 100)
Exports
1 307
867
501
990
314
€ billion
Imports
1 565
1 447
503
730
186
€ billion
Notes: EU-27: area, population: incl. French overseas departments; trade: only extra-EU trade.
18
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , U n i te d N a t i o n s, n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
E N
G E E R
N EG
R Y
A L I N F O R M AT I O N
2 . 1
PART 2
2 . 1 . 1
SUMMARY
Glossary
Conventional thermal power:
2.1 GENERAL
INFORMATION .......................................................... 21
Technology for the production of electricity by combustion. May or
may not include also biomass use, which is also considered a renewable
source of electricity.
2.2 OVERVIEW AND SECURITY OF SUPPLY .......................... 26
Energy Dependency:
Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon
imports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the
2.3 TAXATION.............................................................................................. 38
following formula:
net imports / (gross inland consumption+bunkers)
Energy Intensity:
2.4 ELECTRICITY ....................................................................................... 39
Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which
energy is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of
Gross Inland Consumption of energy to Gross Domestic Product.
2.5 PRICES ..................................................................................................... 46
Final Energy Consumption (FEC):
Final energy consumption is the energy finally consumed in the transport,
industrial, commercial, agricultural, public and household sectors. It excludes
2.6 COUNTRY ENERGY STATISTICS ............................................. 54
deliveries to the energy transformation sector and to the energy industries
themselves.
Gross Calorific Value (GCV):
2.7 ENERGY STATISTICS OF CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit
quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when
AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES .............................. 82
the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature.
This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour
contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion
of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.
2.8 WORLD
CONTEXT ........................................................................... 88
Gross Inland Consumption (GIC):
Gross inland consumption is the quantity of energy consumed within the
borders of a country. It is calculated using the following formula:
primary production + recovered products + imports + stock changes
– exports – bunkers (i.e. quantities supplied to sea-going ships)
Net Calorific Value (NCV):
The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of
fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products
of combustion are returned to ambient temperature.
This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water
vapour contained in the fuel nor of the water vapour formed by the
combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.
Primary Energy Production:
Primary energy production is the extraction of energy from a natural
source. The precise definition depends on the fuel involved:
Solid fuels: Hard coal, lignite
Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation
for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the
quantities consumed by the producer during the production process
(e.g. for heating or operation of equipment and auxiliaries) as well
as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for
transformation or other uses.
20
21
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
2 . 1 . 1
2 . 1 . 2
Glossary
Average Calorific Values – Energy Content
Crude oil:
kJ (NCV)
kgoe (NCV)
Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boun-
daries, including off-shore production. Production includes only
Hard coal
1 kg
17 200 - 30 700
0.411 - 0.733
marketable production, and excludes any quantities returned to
Recovered hard coal
1 kg
13 800 - 28 300
0.330 - 0.676
formation. Production includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL),
condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc.
Patent fuels
1 kg
26 800 - 31 400
0.640 - 0.750
Natural
gas:
Hard coke
1 kg
28 500
0.681
Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction
of natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only
Brown coal
1 kg
5 600 - 10 500
0.134 - 0.251
marketable production, and excludes any quantities re-injected,
Black lignite
1 kg
10 500 - 21 000
0.251 - 0.502
vented and flared, and any extraction losses. The production in -
c lu des all quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas
Peat
1 kg
7 800 - 13 800
0.186 - 0.330
extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants.
Brown coal briquettes
1 kg
20 000
0.478
Nuclear
heat:
Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat
Tar
1 kg
37 700
0.900
produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity
Benzol
1 kg
39 500
0.943
generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant.
Oil equivalent
1 kg
41 868
1
Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar photovoltaic energy:
Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the
Crude oil
1 kg
41 600 - 42 800
0.994 - 1.022
basis of the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of
3600 kJ/kWh.
Feedstocks
1 kg
42 500
1.015
Geothermal
energy:
Refinery gas
1 kg
50 000
1.194
Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is
LPG
1 kg
46 000
1.099
calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of
the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid
Motor spirit
1 kg
44 000
1.051
disposed of via the re-injection borehole.
Kerosenes, jet fuels
1 kg
43 000
1.027
Biomass / Wastes:
In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, wood wastes
Naphtha
1 kg
44 000
1.051
and other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after com-
Gas diesel oil
1 kg
42 300
1.010
bustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In
the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the
Residual fuel oil
1 kg
40 000
0.955
heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced. The production
White spirit
1 kg
44 000
1.051
includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the
fermen ta tion processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases.
Lubricants
1 kg
42 300
1.010
In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of
the fuel. In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content
Bitumen
1 kg
37 700
0.900
(NCV) of the fuel.
Petroleum cokes
1 kg
31 400
0.750
Pumping, pumped storage:
Other petro. products
1 kg
30 000
0.717
Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by
pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes.
Electrical energy
1 kWh
3 600
0.086
Renewable Energy Sources (RES):
Renewable energy includes hydroelectricity, biomass, wind, solar, tidal
and geothermal energy.
Tonne of oil equivalent (toe):
The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for
measuring energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net
calo rific value of 41 868 kilojoules/kg.
1 ktoe = 1 000 toe
1 Mtoe = 1 000 000 toe
22
23
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 1 . 3
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
G E N E R A L I N F O R M AT I O N
2 . 1 . 4
Methodology for the calculation of
Conversion Factors
EU-wide average fuel prices
ENERGY
All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide
fuel price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in
FROM: TO:
the individual countries weighted by their consumption.
TJ
Gcal
Mtoe
GWh
TJ
1
238.8
2.388 x 10 -5
0.2778
Electricity and Gas
Gcal
4.1868 x 10 -3
1
1 x 10 -7
1.163 x 10 -3
The legal basis for the collection of industrial gas and electricity
prices is defined by EC Directive 2008/92/EC. The collection of prices
Mtoe
4.1868 x 10 4
1 x 10 7
1
11 630
for household consumers is done on a voluntary agreement with
GWh
3.6
860
8.6 x 10 -5
1
the Member States. The collection of price information includes:
y national average prices;
y average of the last 6 months;
VOLUME
y prices are reported for different consumption bands
(see the data tables).
FROM: TO:
Barrel
Litre
U.S. gallon
U.K. gallon
Barrel
1
158.99
42
34.9723
Petroleum
Products
Litre
0.6290 x 10 -2
1
0.2642
0.2200
Heating gasoil, low sulphur fuel oil, unleaded petrol and automotive
diesel prices are supplied to Energy DG by the Member States as those
US gallon
0.2381 x 10 -1
3.7854
1
0.8327
being the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of
sales. The prices given are as of January 15th in each year.
UK gallon
0.2859 x 10 -1
4.5461
1.2009
1
The heating gasoil prices given are for deliveries of between 2 000 and
MASS
5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries
of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes.
FROM: TO:
Tonne
Long ton
Short ton
The average pump prices are given for motor fuels.
Tonne (t)
1
0.9842
1.1023
The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each
Long ton (lt) UK
1.0160
1
1.1200
country by the corresponding final energy consumption.
Short ton (st) US
0.9072
0.8929
1
DECIMAL PREFIXES
10 1
deca (da)
10 -1
deci (d)
10 2
hecto (h)
10 -2
centi (c)
10 3
kilo (k)
10 -3
milli (m)
10 6
mega (M)
10 -6
micro (μ)
10 9
giga (G)
10 -9
nano (n)
10 12
tera (T)
10 -12
pico (p)
10 15
peta (P)
10 -15
femto (f)
10 18
exa (E)
10 -18
atto (a)
24
25
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2
2 . 2 . 2
2 . 2 . 1
Gross Inland Consumption
2007 Mtoe
Indicators
EU27 AGGREGATED
ables
ENERGY
CARBON
GIC
CO EMISSIONS
al gas
2
INTENSITY
INTENSITY
PER CAPITA
PER CAPITA
tur
olid fuels
ther (*)
(toe/Meuro)(*)
(tonne CO /toe)
(kgoe/inh.)
(kg/inh.)
ALL FUELS
S
Oil
Na
Nuclear
Renew
O
2
EU-27
1 806.4
331.2
656.9
432.4
241.3
141.0
3.5
1990
232.7
2.75
3 381
9 305
Share
100.0%
18.3%
36.4%
23.9%
13.4%
7.8%
0.2%
1991
228.7
2.71
3 514
9 525
EU-25
1 746.0
313.2
641.6
416.4
235.5
135.3
3.9
Share
1992
221.2
2.68
3 429
9 191
100.0%
17.9%
36.7%
23.9%
13.5%
7.8%
0.2%
BE
57.4
4.6
22.6
14.9
12.4
1.8
1.0
1993
216.2
2.65
3 415
9 042
BG
20.3
7.8
5.1
3.0
3.8
1.0
-0.3
1994
209.3
2.64
3 396
8 977
CZ
46.2
21.4
10.0
7.2
6.8
2.2
-1.3
1995
208.8
2.61
3 474
9 070
DK
20.5
4.7
8.3
4.1
3.6
-0.1
1996
211.8
2.59
3 587
9 289
DE
339.6
87.0
112.7
76.6
36.3
28.1
-1.1
EE
6.1
3.7
1.2
0.8
0.6
-0.2
1997
204.3
2.57
3 549
9 120
IE
15.9
2.3
8.7
4.3
0.5
0.1
1998
200.5
2.54
3 582
9 113
EL
33.5
10.8
17.2
3.3
1.7
0.4
1999
193.2
2.52
3 552
8 958
ES
146.8
20.2
70.8
31.9
14.2
10.3
-0.5
2000
187.4
2.52
3 570
9 006
FR
270.3
13.4
90.9
38.5
113.4
19.0
-4.9
2001
187.8
2.51
3 642
9 157
IT
183.5
16.8
80.3
69.5
12.7
4.1
CY
2.7
0.0
2.6
0.1
0.0
2002
185.0
2.51
3 620
9 084
LV
4.8
0.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
0.3
2003
187.3
2.50
3 698
9 252
LT
9.2
0.3
2.8
2.9
2.5
0.8
-0.1
2004
184.9
2.49
3 724
9 271
LU
4.7
0.1
2.9
1.2
0.1
0.3
2005
181.5
2.48
3 711
9 190
HU
27.0
3.1
7.6
10.7
3.8
1.4
0.4
MT
0.9
0.9
2006
176.0
2.49
3 696
9 209
NL
84.5
8.4
37.2
33.4
1.1
3.0
1.5
2007
169.3
2.49
3 641
9 066
AT
33.8
3.9
13.9
7.0
8.0
1.0
GIC/GDP • CO /GIC • GIC/inhabitant • CO /inhabitant GIC = gross inland consumption
2
2
PL
98.0
55.5
25.1
12.4
5.0
0.0
1.10
PT
26.0
2.9
14.0
3.8
4.6
0.6
1.05
RO
40.1
10.2
10.2
13.0
2.0
4.8
-0.1
1.00
SI
7.3
1.6
2.6
0.9
1.5
0.7
0.0
SK
18.1
4.0
3.9
5.1
4.0
1.0
0.2
0.95
FI
37.6
7.2
11.0
3.7
6.0
8.5
1.1
0.90
SE
50.6
2.7
13.9
0.9
17.3
15.6
0.1
0.85
UK
221.1
38.7
78.7
82.0
16.3
4.6
0.8
0.80
HR
9.4
0.7
4.7
2.7
0.7
0.5
0.75
MK
2.9
0.70
TR
101.5
29.4
32.2
30.4
9.6
-0.1
1990
IS
= 1 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2007
NO
27.7
0.8
10.0
4.8
12.9
-0.8
Notes: (*) For GDP at 2000 market prices
CH
26.9
0.2
11.7
2.6
7.2
5.1
0.1
Definition: carbon intensity = CO emissions/gross inland consumption
2
energy intensity = gross inland consumption of energy/gross domestic product.
Notes: (*) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
26
27
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 2
2 . 2 . 2
Gross Inland Consumption
Gross Inland Consumption – EU-27
2007, RENEWABLES in ktoe
BY FUEL
0.2 %
ABLESW
o
7.8 %
SOLID FUELS
dr
ind
RENE
olar
Biomass
Hy
W
S
Geothermal
18.3 %
OIL
EU-27
141 035
98 383
26 653
8 965
1 263
5 771
13.4 %
Share
100.0%
69.8%
18.9%
6.4%
0.9%
4.1%
GAS
EU-25
135 320
94 345
25 033
8 960
1 263
5 719
YEAR
Share
100.0%
69.7%
18.5%
6.6%
0.9%
4.2%
2007
BE
1 795
1 711
33
42
5
3
NUCLEAR
23.9 %
36.4 %
BG
962
678
247
4
33
RENEWABLES
CZ
2 182
1 988
180
11
4
DK
3 559
2 915
2
617
11
14
OTHER *
DE
28 106
22 102
1 797
3 415
580
212
EE
602
592
2
8
Mtoe
IE
465
236
57
168
1
2
EL
1 679
1 126
223
156
160
14
1 750
ES
10 292
5 394
2 387
2 365
137
8
FR
18 958
13 394
5 048
348
37
130
IT
12 689
4 463
2 822
347
56
5 002
1 500
CY
66
13
54
LV
1 413
1 173
235
5
LT
812
765
36
9
2
1 250
LU
117
100
9
6
2
HU
1 420
1 304
18
9
3
86
MT
1 000
NL
3 024
2 696
9
296
23
AT
8 038
4 630
3 095
173
108
32
PL
4 990
4 732
202
45
0
10
PT
4 584
3 149
868
347
28
193
750
RO
4 753
3 360
1 373
0
0
20
SI
735
454
281
SK
992
598
383
1
0
10
500
FI
8 515
7 279
1 219
16
1
SE
15 639
9 819
5 689
123
9
UK
4 647
3 710
438
453
46
1
250
HR
693
322
364
3
1
3
MK
TR
9 604
5 023
3 083
31
420
1 048
0
IS
NO
12 940
1 346
11 516
77
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
CH
5 052
1 827
3 031
1
30
163
Notes: (*) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
28
29
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 3
2 . 2 . 4
Import Dependency
Crude Oil and Gas Imports
2007 in %
ALL FUELS
Solid Fuels
Oil
Gas
Crude Oil Imports into the EU-27 in Mio tonnes
%
EU-27
53.1
41.2
82.6
60.3
ORIGIN
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
SHARE
2007
EU-25
53.6
41.4
82.9
61.0
BE
77.2
95.8
97.4
99.8
Russia
112.4 136.8 154.7 170.8 188.9 188.0 189.6 185.3 34.0
BG
51.9
39.4
100.8
91.5
Norway
115.9 108.1 103.1 106.4 108.6
97.5
89.1
84.3 15.5
CZ
25.1
-14.8
96.2
93.7
DK
-25.4
100.4
-67.9
-99.7
Libya
45.5
43.8
39.2
45.9
50.0
50.6
53.2
55.5 10.2
DE
58.9
37.2
94.3
80.6
Saudi Arabia
65.1
57.5
53.1
61.5
64.5
60.7
51.1
39.5
7.2
EE
29.7
0.9
99.0
100.0
Other,
IE
88.3
65.1
97.0
91.4
54.7
48.3
43.2
27.8
28.5
30.0
32.5
34.4
6.3
Middle East
EL
67.3
3.3
100.9
99.6
Iran
35.5
31.4
25.9
34.7
35.9
35.4
36.4
34.1
6.2
ES
79.5
66.6
99.7
98.9
FR
50.4
92.5
98.7
96.5
Kazahkhstan
9.9
9.1
13.4
15.9
22.2
26.4
26.8
18.3
3.4
IT
85.3
99.2
92.5
87.0
Nigeria
22.4
25.7
18.4
23.2
14.9
18.6
20.2
15.5
2.8
CY
95.9
68.0
98.6
LV
61.5
88.0
98.1
96.8
Other Origin
58.3
62.3
64.2
56.6
56.6
66.2
66.0
78.1 14.3
LT
62.3
87.2
93.3
102.9
Total
519.8 523.0 515.3 542.9 570.1 573.4 564.7 545.0
100
Imports
LU
97.5
100.0
98.8
100.0
in Million
HU
61.4
44.0
82.7
79.9
3 794 3 818 3 761 3 963 4 162 4 186 4 122 3 979
barrels
MT
100.0
100.0
NL
38.6
105.3
92.8
-64.3
Gas Imports into the EU-27 in TJ, terajoules
%
AT
69.1
105.1
92.6
81.0
PL
25.5
-15.5
102.2
66.7
ORIGIN
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
SHARE
2007
PT
82.0
100.5
98.9
98.7
Russia
4 539 709 4 421 515 4 554 744 4 895 252 4 951 044 4 952 879 4 937 711 4 685 365 40.8
RO
32.0
34.8
53.7
29.8
SI
52.5
21.0
98.9
99.7
Norway
1 985 231 2 136 379 2 601 569 2 699 473 2 801 723 2 671 779 2 844 237 3 061 751 26.7
SK
69.0
95.4
91.3
97.9
Algeria
2 203 075 1 957 181 2 132 477 2 158 803 2 042 137 2 256 826 2 132 236 1 943 976 16.9
FI
53.8
62.8
97.8
100.0
SE
36.1
93.8
96.7
100.0
Nigeria
172 020
216 120
217 882
335 929
410 260
436 319
563 905
588 317
5.1
UK
20.1
69.5
0.9
20.3
Libya
33 442
33 216
25 536
30 390
47 809
209 499
321 150
383 615
3.3
HR
56.9
101.8
81.9
9.2
MK
Qatar
12 443
27 463
87 952
80 414
160 170
195 713
232 721
275 496
2.4
TR
74.4
49.8
96.4
97.8
Egypt
202 419
327 394
221 305
1.9
IS
Trinidad
36 334
24 498
19 120
1 365
29 673
163 233
104 917
0.9
NO
-664.9
-206.3
-1 056.7
-1 520.7
and Tobago
CH
52.5
120.8
97.4
100.0
Other Origin
112 810
199 256
125 425
100 023
313 245
409 387
227 147
213 995
1.9
Notes: A simplified formula, not taking bunkers into account, is used occasionally.
Total
9 095 064 9 015 628 9 764 705 10 301 649 10 726 388 11 364 494 11 749 734 11 478 737 100
This variant gives higher values for import dependency by overlooking maritime
Imports
transport. Negative numbers indicate that the country is a net exporter.
in Mio
240 610
238 509
258 326
272 530
283 767
300 648
310 840
303 670
Values over 100 % are possible due to changes in stocks.
Cubic meters
Definition: Import Dependency = Net Imports / (Bunkers+Gross Inland Consumption).
Notes: Gross calorific value of 1 million cubic meter of Natural Gas can vary between
37.5 and 42.5 terajoule.
30
31
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 5
2 . 2 . 6
Hard Coal Imports
Final Energy Consumption
INTO THE EU27 (in kilotonnes by origin)
BY FUEL 2007 in Mtoe
7
t
2
tes
frica
y
uels
ables
L EU
alia
ed Sta
ed Hea
tricit
e
TA
s
ustr
olombia
ther
ast
TO
outh A
olid F
Russia
S
A
C
Unit
Indonesia
O
ALL FUELS
S
Oil
Ga
Elec
Deriv
& Industrial
W
Renew
(*)
1990 110 828
3 945
24 538
17 778
9 065
47 013
256
8 233
EU-27
1 157.7
53.8
484.6
268.8
244.5
42.9
63.1
EU-25
1 123.9
51.4
474.0
260.6
238.6
40.1
59.2
1991 126 465
4 057
25 862
20 743
11 642
53 855
678
9 628
BE
34.9
1.9
14.5
10.1
7.1
0.5
0.8
1992 136 076 11 122 28 256 22 201 12 087 49 262
2 384 10 764
BG
9.8
1.0
3.7
1.2
2.3
0.9
0.7
1993 112 220
9 476
26 711
19 949
11 717
34 567
1 937
7 863
CZ
25.8
3.4
7.2
6.4
4.9
2.2
1.6
1994 113 295
9 257
27 796
21 427
11 437
29 936
3 554
9 888
DK
15.7
0.3
7.4
1.7
2.9
2.3
1.2
DE
210.3
9.6
78.4
59.4
45.6
6.3
10.9
1995 124 472
8 906
29 093
19 544
11 478
41 487
3 402 10 562
EE
3.0
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.6
0.5
0.5
1996 123 390
6 928
32 716
16 440
18 271
35 881
3 844
9 310
IE
13.2
0.6
8.6
1.6
2.2
0.2
1997 134 467
7 738
34 038
19 355
19 870
36 115
5 466 11 885
EL
22.0
0.5
14.7
0.7
4.7
0.0
1.3
1998 132 892
7 768
35 359
22 256
18 952
29 503
7 151 11 903
ES
98.7
1.8
54.1
16.2
22.4
4.2
1999
FR
154.0
5.0
70.0
31.1
36.6
11.3
131 414
10 252
35 264
25 459
19 079
20 689
7 739 12 932
IT
132.1
3.7
57.1
39.4
26.6
3.1
2.2
2000 151 575 14 976 40 177 28 600 23 132 20 447
9 097 15 146
CY
1.9
0.0
1.4
0.4
0.0
0.1
2001 173 041 20 875 49 273 29 450 22 633 20 119 10 254 20 437
LV
4.4
0.1
1.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
1.0
2002 171 629 23 033 53 961 29 337 21 398 14 082 11 540 18 278
LT
5.0
0.2
1.9
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.6
2003 180 360 26 545 56 932 31 004 22 908 12 619 13 004 17 348
LU
4.4
0.1
2.9
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.1
HU
16.9
0.6
5.2
6.3
2.9
1.2
0.8
2004 196 062 40 382 54 190 30 838 24 224 15 416 13 980 17 032
MT
0.4
0.3
0.2
2005 197 043 48 304 51 698 27 013 24 147 15 673 14 704 15 504
NL
51.3
1.5
18.6
19.0
9.2
2.4
0.8
2006 213 809 55 544 53 080 27 147 26 068 17 370 21 092 13 508
AT
26.5
1.4
10.9
4.4
4.9
1.8
3.1
2007 214 358 56 117 46 121 29 069 29 018 20 833 17 594 15 606
PL
61.2
11.9
19.3
8.8
9.8
7.3
4.1
PT
18.8
0.2
9.9
1.4
4.2
0.3
2.7
2007 (%)
100
26.2
21.5
13.6
13.5
9.7
8.2
7.3
RO
24.0
1.5
6.9
7.0
3.5
1.8
3.3
Russia • South Africa • Australia • Colombia • United States • Indonesia • Other
SI
4.9
0.1
2.4
0.6
1.1
0.2
0.4
3.80
SK
10.5
1.5
2.2
3.5
2.1
0.8
0.5
3.40
FI
26.6
0.9
8.1
1.3
7.4
4.4
4.5
3.00
SE
33.5
1.3
10.5
0.8
11.4
4.1
5.3
2.60
UK
147.9
4.6
65.7
46.0
29.4
1.1
1.0
2.20
HR
6.5
0.2
3.2
1.2
1.3
0.2
0.3
1.80
MK
1.40
TR
72.8
14.5
23.5
14.4
13.1
1.0
6.3
1.00
IS
0.60
NO
18.8
0.7
7.0
0.3
9.5
0.2
1.1
2000
CH
21.1
0.2
11.5
2.5
4.9
0.6
1.4
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
= 1
Notes: (*) Excluding consumption of Renewables for Electricity and Derived Heat.
32
33
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 6
2 . 2 . 7
Final Energy Consumption – EU-27
Final Energy Consumption
BY FUEL in Mtoe
BY SEC TOR 2007 Mtoe
3.7 %
,
.
5.5 %
TC
c.
Y
, E
e
4.7 %
TORS
, et
DERIVED HEAT AND
ays
tion
es
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
SEC
ANSPORT
ailw
viga
gricultur
21.1 %
ALL
INDUSTR
TR
Road
R
Air
Inland
na
HOUSEHOLDS
SERVICES
Households
A
Servic
RENEWABLES
EU-27 1157.7
322.9
377.2
309.1
9.4
53.4
5.4
457.6
284.6
27.8
145.2
Share 100.0% 27.9% 32.6% 81.9%
2.5% 14.2%
1.4% 39.5% 62.2%
6.1% 31.7%
YEAR
SOLID FUELS
EU-25 1123.9
309.9
369.9
302.6
9.0
53.0
5.3
444.1
275.0
27.3
141.8
2007
OIL
Share 100.0% 27.6% 32.9% 81.8%
2.4% 14.3%
1.4% 39.5% 61.9%
6.1% 31.9%
23.2 %
41.9 %
BE
34.9
12.3
9.6
8.2
0.2
1.0
0.2
12.9
8.1
0.7
4.1
GAS
BG
9.8
3.9
2.7
2.4
0.1
0.2
3.2
2.1
0.3
0.9
CZ
25.8
9.5
6.6
6.0
0.3
0.4
0.0
9.6
5.9
0.5
3.2
ELECTRICITY
DK
15.7
2.9
5.6
4.4
0.1
1.0
0.1
7.2
4.5
0.8
1.9
DE 210.3
57.4
62.4
51.3
1.8
9.1
0.2
90.5
60.3
2.6
27.6
Mtoe
EE
3.0
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.1
0.4
IE
13.2
2.6
5.7
4.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.9
2.9
0.3
1.7
1 200
EL
22.0
4.6
8.8
6.8
0.1
1.3
0.7
8.6
5.3
1.1
2.1
ES
98.7
26.7
42.1
33.7
1.1
5.9
1.5
29.9
15.9
3.0
11.0
1 100
FR 154.0
33.7
51.5
42.7
1.3
7.3
0.3
68.8
41.5
3.0
24.4
IT 132.1
41.5
44.6
39.1
1.0
4.2
0.2
46.0
27.9
3.3
14.8
1 000
CY
1.9
0.3
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.0
0.3
LV
4.4
0.7
1.3
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
2.3
1.5
0.2
0.7
900
LT
5.0
1.1
1.8
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
2.1
1.3
0.1
0.6
LU
4.4
1.0
2.6
2.2
0.0
0.4
0.8
0.7
0.0
0.1
800
HU
16.9
3.4
4.7
4.3
0.2
0.2
0.0
8.9
5.6
0.5
2.9
700
MT
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
NL
51.3
14.6
15.8
11.6
0.2
3.7
0.2
21.0
9.2
4.1
7.6
600
AT
26.5
8.5
8.8
7.8
0.3
0.7
0.0
9.2
6.1
0.6
2.5
PL
61.2
18.0
14.8
13.9
0.5
0.4
0.0
28.5
18.2
3.5
6.8
500
PT
18.8
5.9
7.2
6.1
0.1
1.0
0.0
5.7
3.2
0.3
2.2
RO
24.0
9.1
4.7
4.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
10.2
7.5
0.3
2.5
400
SI
4.9
1.6
1.8
1.7
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.1
0.4
SK
10.5
4.4
2.0
1.9
0.1
0.0
4.1
2.1
0.1
1.9
300
FI
26.6
12.9
5.1
4.1
0.1
0.7
0.2
8.5
5.0
0.8
2.7
SE
33.5
12.8
8.8
7.5
0.3
0.9
0.1
11.8
6.7
0.8
4.3
200
UK 147.9
32.7
56.2
40.4
1.4
13.0
1.5
59.0
40.6
0.8
17.6
HR
6.5
1.7
2.2
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
2.6
1.7
0.2
0.7
100
MK
TR
72.8
24.9
16.9
14.1
0.2
2.2
0.5
31.0
20.7
3.9
6.4
0
IS
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
NO
18.8
6.3
5.4
3.7
0.1
0.7
0.9
7.1
3.9
0.7
2.5
CH
21.1
4.1
7.3
5.6
0.3
1.4
0.0
9.8
5.6
0.1
4.0
Notes: Renewables not including Electricity.
34
35
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
O V E R V I E W A N D S E C U R I T Y O F S U P P LY
2 . 2 . 7
2 . 2 . 8
Final Energy Consumption – EU-27
Share of RES to Gross Inland Consumption (*)
BY SEC TOR Mtoe
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2.4 %
EU-27
5.8 %
5.8 %
5.7 %
6.0 %
6.4 %
6.7 %
7.1 %
7.8 %
BE
1.3 %
1.5 %
1.5 %
1.9 %
2.0 %
2.4 %
2.9 %
3.1 %
HOUSEHOLDS
BG
4.2 %
3.6 %
4.4 %
4.8 %
5.2 %
5.6 %
5.6 %
4.7 %
AND SERVICES, ETC.
32.6 %
37.1 %
CZ
1.5 %
1.7 %
2.0 %
3.3 %
3.9 %
4.0 %
4.3 %
4.7 %
YEAR
INDUSTRY
DK
10.9 %
11.4 %
12.4 %
13.5 %
15.1 %
16.4 %
15.6 %
17.3 %
2007
TRANSPORT
DE
2.8 %
3.0 %
3.4 %
3.9 %
4.5 %
5.1 %
6.0 %
8.3 %
EE
10.3 %
10.6 %
11.0 %
10.6 %
10.6 %
10.6 %
9.8 %
9.9 %
27.9 %
AGRICULTURE
IE
1.6 %
1.6 %
1.7 %
1.6 %
1.8 %
2.4 %
2.7 %
2.9 %
EL
5.0 %
4.5 %
4.7 %
5.1 %
5.1 %
5.2 %
5.7 %
5.0 %
Mtoe
ES
5.7 %
6.5 %
5.4 %
6.9 %
6.3 %
6.0 %
6.5 %
7.0 %
FR
7.0 %
6.9 %
6.3 %
6.5 %
6.5 %
6.3 %
6.6 %
7.0 %
1 200
IT
5.2 %
5.5 %
5.3 %
5.8 %
6.8 %
6.5 %
7.0 %
6.9 %
1 100
CY
1.9 %
1.8 %
1.8 %
1.8 %
2.0 %
1.9 %
1.9 %
2.4 %
1 000
LV
31.8 %
31.7 %
31.3 %
30.9 %
33.1 %
33.0 %
31.0 %
29.7 %
LT
9.2 %
8.4 %
8.1 %
7.9 %
8.0 %
8.8 %
9.3 %
8.9 %
900
LU
1.6 %
1.3 %
1.4 %
1.4 %
1.6 %
1.6 %
1.7 %
2.5 %
800
HU
2.1 %
1.9 %
3.4 %
3.4 %
3.6 %
4.4 %
4.8 %
5.3 %
700
MT
600
NL
2.4 %
2.4 %
2.6 %
2.6 %
2.8 %
3.4 %
3.6 %
3.6 %
AT
22.8 %
22.2 %
22.1 %
19.8 %
20.8 %
21.1 %
22.3 %
23.8 %
500
PL
4.2 %
4.5 %
4.6 %
4.5 %
4.7 %
4.8 %
5.1 %
5.1 %
400
PT
15.3 %
16.1 %
13.9 %
16.9 %
14.7 %
13.2 %
17.1 %
17.6 %
300
RO
10.9 %
9.3 %
9.7 %
9.9 %
11.5 %
12.6 %
11.7 %
11.9 %
SI
12.3 %
11.5 %
10.5 %
10.3 %
11.5 %
10.6 %
10.5 %
10.0 %
200
SK
2.8 %
4.0 %
3.7 %
3.3 %
3.9 %
4.3 %
4.6 %
5.5 %
100
FI
23.8 %
22.4 %
21.8 %
20.9 %
23.0 %
23.1 %
22.7 %
22.6 %
0
SE
31.4 %
28.3 %
26.3 %
25.3 %
25.7 %
29.6 %
29.4 %
30.9 %
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
UK
1.1 %
1.1 %
1.2 %
1.3 %
1.5 %
1.7 %
1.9 %
2.1 %
Notes: Renewables not including Electricity.
Notes: (*) RES Gross Inland Consumption / Gross Inland Consumption.
36
37
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 3
TA X AT I O N
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4
2 . 3 . 1
2 . 4 . 1
Electricity Production Capacity
Taxation of Energy Products
2007 in MW
EXCISES
VAT RATES
IN € PER 1 000 LITRES
L
e
ate
A
ventional
y (**)
n
DRO
d r
o
ind
Y
TOT
C
Thermal
Nuclear
W
Geothermal
H
of which:
pumping
Super 95
al gas
ting
tricit
ro
tomotiv
tur
EU-27
779 192 449 129 132 829
56 270
698 140 266
38 306
u
Eu
A
gas oil
Hea
gas oil (**)
Standar
Elec
Na
Share
100.0%
57.6%
17.0%
7.2%
0.1%
18.0%
27.3%
BE
614
368
18
21%
21%
21%
EU-25
749 289 431 769 129 526
56 237
698 131 059
37 442
BG
350
307
307
20%
20%
20%
Share
100.0%
57.6%
17.3%
7.5%
0.1%
17.5%
28.6%
CZ
483
406
406
19%
19%
19%
BE
16 360
8 842
5 825
276
1 417
1 307
BG
9 700
4 902
1 892
30
2 876
864
DK
557
380
290
25%
25%
25%
CZ
17 558
11 508
3 760
114
2 176
1 147
DE
670
486
76
19%
19%
19%
DK
12 608
9 475
3 124
9
EE
398
370
67
20%
20%
20%
DE
128 780
77 738
20 208
22 247
8 587
5 223
IE
509
409
47
21.5%
13.5%
13.5%
EE
2 760
2 697
58
5
IE
7 287
5 905
855
527
292
EL
410
302
302
19%
9%
9%
EL
13 677
9 681
846
3 150
699
ES
425
331
85
16%
16%
16%
ES
88 246
47 412
7 365
15 097
18 372
5 347
FR
607
428
57
19.6%
19.6%
19.6%
FR
116 284
25 672
63 260
2 220
25 132
4 303
IT
564
423
403
20%
20%
10%
IT
93 198
68 708
2 702
671
21 117
7 544
CY
299
245
125
15%
15%
15%
CY
1 139
1 139
LV
2 131
569
26
1 536
LV
379
330
21
21%
21%
21%
LT
4 588
2 483
1 183
47
875
760
LT
443
330
21
21%
19%
19%
LU
1 638
463
35
1 140
1 100
LU
462
305
0
15%
6%
6%
HU
8 542
6 607
1 825
61
49
HU
451
375
375
25%
25%
25%
MT
571
571
NL
23 677
21 382
510
1 748
37
MT
459
352
97
18%
18%
18%
AT
19 429
6 441
977
2
12 009
3 580
NL
701
413
78
19%
19%
19%
PL
32 497
29 863
306
2 328
1 406
AT
442
347
98
20%
20%
20%
PT
14 970
7 692
2 201
25
5 052
1 029
PL
488
339
69
22%
22%
22%
RO
20 203
12 458
1 411
3
6 331
SI
3 035
1 351
666
1 018
PT
583
364
176
20%
5%
5%
SK
7 324
2 609
2 200
2 515
916
RO
336
284
284
19%
19%
19%
FI
16 698
10 815
2 671
110
3 102
SI
462
433
95
20%
20%
20%
SE
34 294
7 873
9 074
710
16 637
45
SK
515
481
226
19%
19%
19%
UK
81 998
64 273
10 979
2 477
4 269
2 744
FI
627
391
87
22%
22%
22%
HR
3 906
1 814
17
2 075
293
MK
SE
393
446
391
25%
25%
25%
TR
40 835
27 271
146
23
13 395
UK
684
684
132
15%
5%
5%
IS
EU min (*)
359
302
21
15%
15%
15%
NO
CH
19 184
851
3 220
12
15 101
1 636
Notes: (*) Council Directives 2003/96/EC for excises, 2001/41/EC for VAT.
(**) Non-business use.
38
39
S o u rce : Co m m i s s i o n s e r v i ce s, J u l y 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4 . 1
2 . 4 . 2
Electricity Production Capacity – EU-27
Electricity from Renewable Sources
in GW
GROSS ELEC TRICIT Y CONSUMPTION – 2007 in %
L SHARE
TIVE
o (*)
TA
dr
ind
olar
17.1 %
TO
Hy
W
Biomass
S
Geothermal
2010
OBJEC
NUCLEAR
EU-27
15.6
9.2
3.1
3.0
0.112
0.2
21.0
EU-25
15.5
8.9
3.2
3.1
0.115
0.2
21.0
HYDRO
YEAR
BE
4.2
0.4
0.5
3.3
0.006
6.0
57.7 %
18.0 %
2007
BG
7.5
7.4
0.1
11.0
WIND
CZ
4.7
2.9
0.2
1.7
0.003
8.0
DK
29.0
0.1
18.8
10.1
0.005
29.0
CONV. THERMAL
DE
15.1
3.4
6.4
4.8
0.496
12.5
7.2 %
EE
1.5
0.2
0.9
0.4
5.1
IE
9.3
2.3
6.6
0.4
13.2
EL
6.8
3.8
2.7
0.3
0.001
20.1
GW
ES
20.0
9.3
9.2
1.2
0.171
29.4
FR
13.3
11.4
0.8
1.1
0.003
21.0
800
IT
13.7
9.1
1.1
1.9
0.011
1.5
25.0
CY
0.0
0.041
6.0
LV
36.4
35.2
0.7
0.6
49.3
700
LT
4.6
3.3
0.8
0.4
7.0
LU
3.7
1.3
0.8
1.3
0.264
5.7
HU
4.6
0.5
0.3
3.9
3.6
600
MT
5.0
NL
7.6
0.1
2.8
4.6
0.030
9.0
500
AT
59.8
51.4
2.9
5.5
0.024
0.0
78.1
PL
3.5
1.5
0.3
1.7
7.5
PT
30.1
18.4
7.4
3.9
0.044
0.4
39.0
400
RO
26.9
26.8
0.0
0.1
33.0
SI
22.1
21.4
0.7
33.6
SK
16.6
14.9
0.0
1.7
31.0
300
FI
26.0
15.1
0.2
10.7
0.004
31.5
SE
52.1
44.1
1.0
7.0
60.0
UK
5.1
1.3
1.3
2.5
0.003
10.0
200
HR
23.0
22.8
0.2
0.0
MK
TR
19.2
18.9
0.2
0.1
0.1
100
IS
NO
106.1
105.1
0.7
0.3
CH
56.7
53.5
0.0
3.2
0.041
0
Notes: Total Share = a / (b+c)
a = Gross Electricity Generation from RES
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
b = Total Gross Electricity Generation
c = Net Imports Electricity
(*) Does not include pumped storage.
40
41
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
Source: Eurostat, May 2009 and Directive 2001/77/EC on the promotion of elec-
tricity produced from renewable energy sources in the internal electricity market.
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 4 . 2
E L E C T R I C I T Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4 . 3
Gross Electricity Generation
Electricity from Renewable Sources
2007 in TWh
SHARE OF ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
IN TOTAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION % – EU27
er wo
ables (*)
EU-27
LA
age
s
tions
ONVENTIONAL
oal
ther P
umped
or
BE
TOT
C
THERMAL
C
Oil
Ga
O
Sta
Nuclear
P
St
Renew
EU-27
3 362
1 867
988
112
760
6
935
34
526
BG
Share 100.0%
29.4%
3.3% 22.6%
0.2% 27.8%
1.0% 15.6%
CZ
EU-25
3 257
1 804
941
111
746
6
913
33
507
2010 OBJECTIVE
DK
Share 100.0%
28.9%
3.4% 22.9%
0.2% 28.0%
1.0% 15.6%
BE
88.8
35.3
6.5
0.8
27.2
0.8
48.2
1.3
4.0
DE
2007 TOTAL SHARE
BG
43.3
25.4
22.4
0.6
2.4
0.0
14.6
0.4
2.9
EE
CZ
88.2
58.2
53.8
0.1
4.3
26.2
0.4
3.4
EU27 OBJECTIVE
DK
39.2
28.1
19.9
1.1
6.9
0.2
11.1
IE
DE
637.1
395.2
299.8
11.3
84.1
0.1
140.5
7.6
93.8
EL
EE
12.2
12.0
11.4
0.0
0.6
0.1
IE
28.2
25.1
7.7
2.0
15.5
0.0
0.3
2.8
ES
EL
63.5
58.1
34.7
9.6
13.8
0.0
0.8
4.6
FR
ES
303.3
185.7
73.1
18.5
93.8
0.3
55.1
3.0
59.4
IT
FR
569.8
56.3
24.4
6.2
25.7
439.7
5.5
68.3
IT
313.9
259.0
44.1
35.4
178.3
1.2
5.7
49.2
CY
CY
4.9
4.9
4.9
0.0
LV
LV
4.8
1.9
0.0
0.0
1.9
2.8
LT
14.0
3.1
0.0
0.4
2.4
0.2
9.8
0.5
0.6
LT
LU
4.0
2.9
2.9
0.8
0.3
LU
HU
40.0
23.3
7.4
0.5
15.3
0.0
14.7
2.0
MT
2.3
2.3
2.3
HU
NL
103.2
89.9
24.9
2.2
62.6
0.2
4.2
9.1
MT
AT
63.4
19.1
6.3
1.3
11.2
0.3
2.5
41.9
PL
159.3
153.3
145.6
2.3
5.1
0.3
0.6
5.4
NL
PT
47.3
30.4
12.4
4.9
13.1
0.0
0.4
16.5
AT
RO
61.7
38.0
25.1
1.1
11.8
7.7
16.0
PL
SI
15.0
6.0
5.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
5.7
3.4
SK
28.1
7.6
4.8
0.7
2.0
0.1
15.3
0.2
5.0
PT
FI
81.2
33.4
21.4
0.5
11.1
0.4
23.4
24.4
RO
SE
148.8
3.7
0.7
1.1
1.5
0.5
67.0
0.0
78.2
UK
396.1
308.9
136.7
4.7
166.1
1.4
63.0
3.9
20.4
SI
HR
12.2
7.8
2.4
2.3
3.1
0.0
0.2
4.3
SK
MK
TR
191.6
155.1
52.3
6.5
96.1
0.1
36.5
FI
IS
SE
NO
137.5
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.2
1.1
135.3
UK
CH
68.0
1.2
0.2
0.8
0.2
27.9
1.5
37.4
Notes: (*) Not including generation from hydro pumped storage, but including electricity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
generation to pump water to storage. Municipal Solid Waste, Wood waste, Biogas
included.
42
43
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 4 . 3
E L E C T R I C I T Y
E L E C T R I C I T Y
2 . 4 . 3
Gross Electricity Generation
Gross Electricity Generation – EU27
FROM RENEWABLES, 2007 in GWh
in TWh
1.2 %
ABLESW
o (*)
SOLID FUELS
dr
ind
RENE
olar (**)
Hy
W
Biomass
S
Geothermal
15.6 %
OIL
EU-27
525 578
309 972
104 259
101 808
3 766
5 773
29.4 %
Share
100.0%
59.0%
19.8%
19.4%
0.7%
1.1%
GAS
EU-25
506 652
291 132
104 209
101 772
3 766
5 773
YEAR
Share
100.0%
57.5%
20.6%
20.1%
0.7%
1.1%
2007
NUCLEAR
27.8 %
BE
3 993
389
491
3 107
6
3.3 %
BG
2 921
2 874
47
RENEWABLES
CZ
3 419
2 089
125
1 203
2
22.6 %
DK
11 063
28
7 173
3 860
2
OTHER *
DE
93 770
20 904
39 713
30 078
3 075
EE
148
21
91
36
IE
2 757
667
1 958
132
TWh
EL
4 594
2 591
1 818
184
1
3 500
ES
59 416
27 763
27 509
3 635
509
FR
68 289
58 706
4 052
5 514
17
IT
49 228
32 816
4 034
6 770
39
5 569
CY
2
2
3 000
LV
2 829
2 733
53
43
LT
581
421
106
54
LU
295
107
64
103
21
2 500
HU
2 023
210
110
1 703
MT
NL
9 146
107
3 438
5 565
36
2 000
AT
41 865
35 993
2 015
3 837
17
3
PL
5 430
2 352
522
2 556
PT
16 501
10 092
4 037
2 147
24
201
RO
16 005
15 966
3
36
1 500
SI
3 377
3 266
111
SK
4 956
4 451
8
497
FI
24 429
14 177
188
10 060
4
1 000
SE
78 168
66 160
1 430
10 578
UK
20 373
5 089
5 274
9 999
11
HR
4 278
4 236
35
7
500
MK
TR
36 457
35 851
355
95
156
IS
NO
135 266
133 934
900
432
0
CH
37 372
35 250
16
2 079
27
Notes: (*) Not including generation from hydro pumped storage, but including electricity
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
generation to pump water to storage.
Notes: (*) Pumped Storage Plants and Other Power Stations.
(**) Photovoltaic Thermal.
44
45
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5
2 . 5 . 2
2 . 5 . 1
Unleaded Petrol (95 RON) Prices
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
Automotive Diesel Oil Prices
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER LITRE
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER LITRE
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
EU-27
1.010 1.167 1.126 1.272
EU-25
1.034 1.192 1.150 1.300
EU-27
0.804 0.754 0.794 0.766 0.926 1.064 1.030 1.190
EU-25
0.816 0.768 0.810 0.782 0.948 1.087 1.052 1.217
BE
0.957
1.004
0.946
0.983
0.992
1.069
1.305
1.201
1.415
BE
0.730
0.735
0.721
0.737
0.731
0.854
1.029
0.927
1.095
BG
BG
CZ
0.809
0.980
0.977
1.196
CZ
0.815
0.970
0.980
1.212
DK
1.001
1.065
1.040
1.107
1.071
1.098
1.267
1.173
1.335
DK
0.822
0.821
0.796
0.858
0.823
0.909
1.075
0.987
1.174
DE
0.956
0.972
0.989
1.110
1.077
1.111
1.262
1.205
1.350
DE
0.759
0.820
0.813
0.904
0.876
0.970
1.094
1.047
1.237
EE
0.674
0.842
0.782
1.012
EE
0.697
0.860
0.811
1.111
IE
0.815
0.955
0.802
0.869
0.870
0.941
1.076
1.034
1.195
IE
0.771
0.940
0.742
0.787
0.796
0.949
1.078
1.032
1.199
EL
0.672
0.725
0.692
0.753
0.738
0.767
0.941
0.912
1.100
EL
0.619
0.641
0.597
0.657
0.642
0.774
0.919
0.916
1.116
ES
0.749
0.788
0.768
0.832
0.805
0.844
1.001
0.950
1.098
ES
0.621
0.725
0.673
0.723
0.701
0.808
0.930
0.891
1.052
FR
1.039
1.003
0.959
1.046
0.997
1.038
1.220
1.169
1.338
FR
0.805
0.805
0.745
0.818
0.791
0.914
1.054
1.011
1.187
IT
0.999
1.038
0.996
1.070
1.048
1.088
1.260
1.208
1.356
IT
0.836
0.902
0.836
0.895
0.876
1.004
1.157
1.098
1.261
CY
0.757
0.894
0.861
1.024
CY
0.722
0.869
0.831
1.007
LV
0.717
0.855
0.844
1.030
LV
0.702
0.855
0.865
1.040
LT
0.708
0.890
0.796
1.020
LT
0.715
0.878
0.813
1.039
LU
0.741
0.781
0.736
0.788
0.826
0.902
1.066
1.009
1.154
LU
0.632
0.645
0.620
0.652
0.622
0.724
0.881
0.847
1.016
HU
0.958
1.053
0.999
1.146
HU
0.937
1.020
0.970
1.165
MT
0.868
1.085
0.992
1.090
MT
0.831
0.943
0.906
1.020
NL
1.057
1.140
1.102
1.159
1.188
1.248
1.407
1.342
1.494
NL
0.782
0.825
0.770
0.803
0.826
0.909
1.043
1.007
1.173
AT
0.868
0.871
0.821
0.899
0.858
0.910
1.052
0.989
1.183
AT
0.733
0.771
0.695
0.748
0.727
0.836
0.973
0.935
1.156
PL
0.875
0.970
0.943
1.182
PL
0.830
0.965
0.917
1.122
PT
0.803
0.913
0.858
0.950
0.950
0.996
1.196
1.239
1.393
PT
0.549
0.648
0.648
0.700
0.700
0.834
0.981
1.019
1.197
RO
RO
SI
0.820
0.919
0.974
1.059
SI
0.816
0.914
0.924
1.055
SK
0.857
1.043
1.017
1.160
SK
0.874
1.039
1.034
1.216
FI
1.062
1.086
1.004
1.084
1.052
1.143
1.232
1.169
1.355
FI
0.768
0.870
0.783
0.818
0.776
0.876
0.997
0.960
1.161
SE
0.810
0.857
0.801
0.860
0.849
0.976
1.133
1.062
1.234
SE
1.004
1.036
0.954
1.022
1.019
1.103
1.207
1.139
1.266
UK
1.258
1.286
1.211
1.163
1.126
1.201
1.358
1.380
1.460
UK
1.219
1.212
1.134
1.141
1.101
1.130
1.298
1.313
1.395
HR
HR
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
1.193
1.030
1.143
NO
1.205
1.105
1.249
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
46
47
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 5 . 3
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5 . 4
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Industry
Residual Fuel Oil Prices for Industry
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
BAND IC: 500 MWh < CONSUMPTION < 2 000 MWh
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER TONNE
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER 100 KWh
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
EU-27
235.0 352.5 294.3 380.4
EU-27
9.45
9.78
10.29
EU-25
243.3 365.2 304.9 396.3
EU-25
BE
142.2
158.7
141.0
199.6
147.8
166.2
264.4
216.2
367.7
BE
9.49
10.69
10.96
BG
BG
5.68
5.62
6.49
6.49
CZ
164.0
262.0
240.7
339.3
CZ
9.46
11.07
11.21
10.69
DK
194.7
224.9
229.9
258.2
480.7
530.5
652.8
575.0
677.0
DK
8.95
9.13
10.19
8.59
DE
155.0
164.6
169.5
202.5
165.1
169.9
286.0
238.3
363.0
DE
9.57
10.13
10.53
10.78
11.32
EE
113.3
EE
5.30
5.67
6.01
6.43
IE
255.8
259.2
404.2
348.1
290.6
IE
12.35
13.02
14.19
13.14
EL
209.4
237.2
196.4
250.9
209.5
201.8
336.8
257.6
415.1
EL
7.89
8.61
9.20
ES
194.3
244.0
210.6
253.0
200.4
213.4
349.9
286.0
400.0
ES
9.58
9.61
10.68
11.54
FR
165.1
189.0
190.9
217.8
173.1
193.4
302.8
239.7
386.7
FR
5.80
6.41
6.15
IT
218.0
245.9
361.7
275.8
411.2
IT
13.99
14.81
CY
CY
13.91
14.27
18.07
11.86
LV
LV
5.94
6.60
7.96
8.96
LT
224.2
LT
7.44
8.29
8.38
9.24
LU
157.6
180.9
145.4
208.9
176.4
170.6
LU
10.33
10.31
10.31
10.34
HU
213.0
316.5
303.4
399.1
HU
11.28
11.42
12.18
MT
MT
12.21
12.21
16.19
NL
200.1
220.1
202.0
237.0
237.0
223.0
338.0
300.5
443.0
NL
9.40
9.70
9.90
10.20
11.30
AT
165.0
190.8
168.4
233.0
179.0
216.7
337.7
294.7
438.7
AT
9.40
10.64
10.72
PL
168.9
263.3
308.5
396.2
PL
9.05
8.81
9.10
9.02
PT
204.9
293.9
247.0
254.0
224.1
235.3
379.9
329.0
464.3
PT
8.68
8.95
9.01
8.90
RO
RO
9.08
8.86
9.50
8.11
SI
253.1
362.7
326.0
451.5
SI
9.10
9.32
9.85
11.18
SK
194.4
245.4
270.5
313.0
SK
10.53
11.51
12.90
14.23
FI
5.77
5.86
6.40
6.74
6.89
FI
207.5
222.2
277.4
318.7
261.0
307.9
433.9
361.2
511.5
SE
6.22
6.56
6.93
7.73
6.67
SE
418.9
533.7
469.2
550.9
580.4
623.9
750.8
674.0
840.2
UK
11.03
10.78
9.77
10.88
11.15
UK
243.9
202.5
227.8
400.2
342.0
HR
6.66
7.38
7.56
9.47
8.67
HR
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
7.56
7.84
8.71
NO
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
48
49
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5 . 5
2 . 5 . 6
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Industry
Electricity half-yearly Prices for Households
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
BAND I3: 10 000 GJ < CONSUMPTION < 100 000 GJ
BAND DC: 2 500 KWh < CONSUMPTION < 5 000 KWh
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER GJ GCV
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER 100 KWh
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
EU-27
8.48
9.46
10.97
EU-27
15.62
15.93
16.73
EU-25
EU-25
BE
7.83
9.15
10.79
9.04
BE
16.83
19.72
20.81
BG
5.02
5.72
7.43
8.74
BG
7.21
7.11
8.23
8.23
CZ
6.82
8.87
10.95
9.29
CZ
10.63
12.74
12.99
13.23
DK
7.34
16.90
15.43
DK
24.01
26.35
27.85
26.98
DE
10.79
12.40
13.81
DE
20.25
21.05
21.48
21.95
22.82
EE
5.04
6.97
8.76
7.50
EE
7.86
8.14
8.50
9.22
IE
IE
19.18
17.69
20.33
20.37
EL
EL
9.84
10.47
10.99
ES
7.07
7.64
9.03
ES
14.00
13.66
15.57
15.77
FR
8.51
9.23
10.85
FR
12.13
12.13
12.32
IT
8.74
8.36
9.34
11.32
IT
20.79
21.95
CY
CY
15.73
17.80
20.40
15.58
LV
7.70
7.92
11.01
10.87
LV
7.29
8.42
10.03
10.52
LT
6.76
8.79
12.14
8.73
LT
8.70
8.60
8.65
9.51
LU
9.40
11.30
LU
16.84
15.91
15.91
15.56
HU
8.57
9.69
11.71
HU
12.96
15.48
15.53
MT
MT
9.93
9.93
15.36
NL
9.61
9.10
9.61
10.64
10.64
NL
17.80
17.20
17.30
17.80
18.50
AT
AT
17.40
17.79
17.72
19.09
PL
7.22
8.36
9.33
7.73
PL
13.80
12.59
12.95
11.31
PT
8.20
8.69
9.21
9.81
PT
15.59
14.80
15.25
14.40
RO
7.89
7.79
7.76
6.48
RO
11.41
10.61
11.03
9.76
SI
8.84
10.12
12.66
12.13
SI
11.16
11.47
11.56
13.65
SK
7.98
8.92
13.12
11.30
SK
13.77
13.65
15.27
15.40
FI
6.32
6.80
7.90
9.30
8.50
FI
11.49
12.23
12.73
12.96
SE
12.27
12.49
14.37
14.72
10.96
SE
15.58
16.13
16.98
17.46
16.02
UK
8.70
7.17
7.73
8.69
8.35
UK
14.81
14.58
16.03
HR
6.90
6.42
6.37
6.41
7.32
HR
9.24
9.84
9.90
11.84
11.51
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
NO
14.98
16.39
17.00
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
50
51
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
P R I C E S
P R I C E S
2 . 5 . 7
2 . 5 . 8
Heating Gasoil Prices for Households
Natural Gas half-yearly Prices for Households
ALL TAXES INCLUDED
EXCISE TAXES INCLUDED
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER 1 000 LITRES
BAND D2: 20 GJ < CONSUMPTION < 200 GJ
CURRENT PRICES IN EURO PER GJ GCV
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2007:01
2007:02
2008:01
2008:02
2009:01
EU-27
501.1
653.0
602.1
773.2
EU-27
12.40
12.99
15.07
EU-25
505.2
661.6
610.0
780.1
EU-25
BE
278.4 328.2 273.0 318.8 302.7
372.4
549.4
494.2
682.7
BE
11.48
13.48
16.74
13.93
BG
BG
7.48
8.20
9.05
10.95
CZ
492.0
610.6
554.3
714.7
CZ
8.45
10.25
12.34
11.55
DK
683.0 699.9 664.9 725.5 719.9
837.8 1 002.4
913.3 1 092.3
DK
29.50
21.25
20.44
DE
327.4 377.4 312.9 401.2 334.4
430.9
587.7
537.0
707.6
DE
14.32
14.97
17.79
EE
431.4
541.1
506.5
710.4
EE
6.17
7.88
8.73
9.29
IE
405.2 502.5 397.5 465.2 443.8
525.7
685.1
630.3
807.8
IE
14.84
13.29
15.90
15.76
EL
278.2 314.8 302.9 348.2 329.3
415.0
589.0
544.0
716.0
EL
ES
359.5 392.9 339.0 428.5 374.2
446.2
584.8
551.6
733.6
ES
13.92
13.78
15.64
FR
411.0 407.8 314.1 419.1 393.4
477.6
632.4
572.4
761.8
FR
12.18
12.29
13.71
IT
799.5 816.5 816.0 875.0 851.1
952.4 1 102.1 1 045.7 1 203.1
IT
15.15
14.30
14.55
16.65
CY
622.8
720.3
743.3
731.8
CY
LV
473.5
600.6
588.8
764.3
LV
7.33
8.29
13.22
13.22
LT
376.5
521.3
469.8
644.1
LT
5.52
7.75
9.01
10.00
LU
280.1 309.9 260.0 324.0 300.0
377.0
504.0
457.0
623.0
LU
10.33
15.81
HU
937.0 1019.6
970.2 1 164.7
HU
8.85
9.36
10.77
MT
370.2
556.7
559.0
626.6
MT
10.39
8.57
9.45
12.71
NL
490.5 590.8 552.0 622.0 608.0
700.0
854.0
820.0
964.0
NL
16.84
16.08
16.28
17.67
19.19
AT
395.3 413.9 371.7 422.4 427.1
492.7
644.8
582.0
748.2
AT
14.13
13.56
14.26
15.03
PL
430.9
600.8
527.9
729.5
PL
9.13
9.48
11.72
8.85
PT
334.2 359.1 359.0 465.0 425.0
500.0
649.0
622.0
876.0
PT
17.27
16.54
16.65
15.68
RO
RO
7.99
7.74
7.84
6.82
SI
487.1
583.7
563.0
720.0
SI
15.23
SK
428.1
583.5
559.7
681.8
SK
9.73
9.60
10.86
10.78
FI
347.3 454.1 334.0 397.5 381.6
449.0
621.0
544.0
724.0
FI
SE
547.6 671.8 648.4 698.2 777.7
853.4
992.5
976.5 1 156.4
SE
20.66
20.45
21.23
23.14
19.80
UK
293.7 322.9 251.9 278.0 273.8
372.8
538.7
499.2
671.9
UK
9.44
10.46
12.73
HR
HR
6.81
6.30
6.29
6.31
7.26
MK
MK
TR
TR
IS
IS
NO
639.3
634.0 753.0
NO
CH
CH
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
Notes: Methodology for the calculation: see part 2.1.4.
52
53
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , O c to b e r 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6
2 . 6 . 2
2 . 6 . 1
Belgium
EU-27
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
13.11
12.73
15.51
15.45
15.29
14.22
Production
937.80
951.03
942.86
900.40
880.90
859.45
Solid fuels
1.08
0.27
0.19
0.06
0.02
Solid fuels
366.48
277.81
213.45
196.28
191.52
187.78
Oil
0.01
0.12
Oil
131.31
171.90
173.98
133.97
122.67
121.62
Gas
0.01
0.00
0.00
Gas
162.45
188.96
207.56
188.68
179.41
167.36
Nuclear
10.71
10.34
12.42
12.28
12.03
12.44
Nuclear
202.59
223.03
243.76
257.36
255.34
241.26
Renewables
0.65
0.64
0.71
1.18
1.33
1.27
Renewables
72.71
85.20
99.20
120.45
128.15
138.83
Industrial waste
0.66
1.49
2.18
1.93
1.91
0.39
Industrial waste
2.28
4.13
4.91
3.66
3.80
2.60
Net Imports
39.63
46.86
50.81
53.78
53.49
51.45
Net Imports
756.20
738.39
827.08
986.62 1 011.22
988.35
Solid fuels
9.49
9.34
7.57
5.51
4.97
4.42
Solid fuels
81.88
79.23
98.65
126.50
133.78
136.31
Oil
22.24
26.67
29.49
32.62
32.18
31.03
Oil
535.72
512.07
533.81
600.54
608.79
588.29
Gas
8.22
10.42
13.28
14.82
15.03
14.90
Gas
135.12
145.29
192.53
257.37
266.46
260.54
Electricity
-0.32
0.35
0.37
0.54
0.87
0.58
Electricity
3.32
1.51
1.69
0.97
0.30
0.90
Renewables
0.09
0.10
0.28
0.43
0.52
Renewables
0.15
0.29
0.40
1.24
1.90
2.31
Derived heat
Derived heat
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Gross Inland Consumption
48.61
54.94
61.46
61.15
60.41
57.38
Gross Inland Consumption
1 662.02 1 663.15 1 724.34 1 825.63 1 825.52 1 806.38
Solid fuels
10.24
8.55
8.20
5.45
5.16
4.61
Solid fuels
452.96
364.14
321.06
319.51
325.10
331.23
Oil
18.50
22.88
24.10
24.75
23.67
22.63
Oil
632.90
651.59
659.91
676.49
673.08
656.93
Gas
8.17
10.61
13.37
14.74
14.99
14.93
Gas
294.90
333.27
393.42
446.00
437.98
432.41
Nuclear
10.71
10.34
12.42
12.28
12.03
12.44
Nuclear
202.59
223.03
243.76
257.36
255.34
241.26
Renewables
0.65
0.72
0.82
1.46
1.77
1.79
Renewables
73.07
85.48
99.59
121.63
129.93
141.03
Other (****)
0.34
1.84
2.55
2.48
2.78
0.97
Other (****)
5.60
5.64
6.60
4.63
4.10
3.51
Elec. Generation (TWh)
70.85
74.43
83.89
87.03
85.54
88.82
Elec. Generation (TWh)
2 583.76 2 732.74 3 020.92 3 308.95 3 353.95 3 361.69
Coal (TWh)
17.10
16.52
12.92
8.20
6.85
6.47
Coal (TWh)
927.73
947.41
925.22
969.24
987.11
988.37
Oil (TWh)
1.31
1.31
0.80
1.74
1.38
0.81
Oil (TWh)
214.75
224.28
180.21
138.97
131.69
112.48
Gas (TWh)
8.17
12.94
19.09
25.14
25.39
27.24
Gas (TWh)
215.93
294.93
512.02
692.68
712.50
760.18
Nuclear (TWh)
42.72
41.36
48.16
47.60
46.65
48.23
Nuclear (TWh)
794.87
881.82
944.99
997.70
989.88
935.28
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.77
0.95
1.33
2.63
3.73
3.99
Renewables (TWh) (*)
310.12
356.16
422.41
464.20
489.25
525.58
Other (TWh) (***)
0.78
1.35
1.60
1.72
1.55
2.08
Other (TWh) (***)
120.37
28.15
36.06
46.15
43.54
39.81
Final Energy Consumption
1 068.08 1 071.34 1 114.36 1 172.28 1 175.59 1 157.68
Final Energy Consumption
32.07
36.07
39.13
38.44
38.17
34.87
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
125.53
85.32
61.85
54.66
55.37
53.85
Solid fuels
3.79
3.31
3.38
2.08
2.03
1.88
Oil
444.53
457.24
479.26
497.64
496.54
484.60
Oil
14.93
16.43
16.13
16.53
15.54
14.53
Gas
227.90
246.00
265.54
283.71
277.64
268.76
Gas
7.25
8.52
10.01
10.01
10.47
10.09
Electricity
184.07
193.37
216.41
237.55
243.00
244.47
Electricity
4.99
5.88
6.67
6.89
7.10
7.13
Renewables
37.23
42.67
48.65
55.87
59.91
63.14
Renewables
0.33
0.35
0.41
0.65
0.70
0.75
Derived heat & Industrial waste
48.83
46.74
42.65
42.85
43.14
42.85
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.80
1.58
2.53
2.28
2.32
0.50
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
365.73
329.80
327.76
325.79
319.51
322.87
INDUSTRY
12.59
13.61
15.76
13.56
14.43
12.34
TRANSPORT
280.73
301.20
340.17
363.23
371.14
377.25
TRANSPORT
7.73
8.51
9.71
9.93
9.63
9.59
HOUSEHOLDS
263.42
280.02
286.90
307.49
304.69
284.55
HOUSEHOLDS
8.36
9.32
9.49
9.94
8.93
8.12
AGRICULTURE
33.00
31.74
29.89
29.94
28.35
27.83
AGRICULTURE
0.49
1.10
0.66
0.82
0.72
0.73
SERVICES, ETC.
125.20
128.58
129.65
145.83
151.91
145.18
SERVICES, ETC.
2.90
3.53
3.51
4.20
4.46
4.09
Non-Energy Uses
98.02 110.34 112.33 115.51 112.79 114.41
Non-Energy Uses
2.75
5.51
6.87
7.50
6.95
7.17
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
4 574
4 342
4 350
4 521
4 549
4 498
2
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
135
139
144
152
150
149
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
233
209
187
181
176
169
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
239
249
244
224
215
199
Carbon intensity
2.75
2.61
2.52
2.48
2.49
2.49
Carbon intensity
2.78
2.53
2.35
2.48
2.48
2.59
Import dependency, %
44.5
43.5
46.8
52.6
53.8
53.1
Import dependency, %
75.2
79.6
76.1
78.2
77.9
77.2
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 381
3 474
3 570
3 711
3 696
3 641
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 876
5 420
5 998
5 838
5 730
5 402
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 305
9 070
9 006
9 190
9 209
9 066
2
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
13 546
13 726
14 092
14 505
14 233
14 005
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
54
55
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 3
2 . 6 . 4
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
9.14
10.19
9.85
10.61
10.97
9.87
Production
40.09
32.22
29.91
32.84
33.53
33.68
Solid fuels
5.12
5.29
4.31
4.18
4.31
4.77
Solid fuels
36.32
27.95
25.05
23.57
23.86
23.80
Oil
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
Oil
0.22
0.30
0.46
0.60
0.48
0.46
Gas
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.38
0.37
0.24
Gas
0.20
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.15
0.14
Nuclear
3.78
4.45
4.69
4.81
5.03
3.78
Nuclear
3.25
3.15
3.51
6.38
6.72
6.75
Renewables
0.16
0.37
0.78
1.15
1.17
0.99
Renewables
0.10
0.60
0.60
2.01
2.20
2.40
Industrial waste
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.07
Industrial waste
0.03
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.13
Net Imports
17.84
13.48
8.72
9.52
9.54
10.59
Net Imports
7.71
8.66
9.47
12.89
12.92
11.59
Solid fuels
3.53
2.42
2.26
2.55
2.45
3.09
Solid fuels
-5.67
-5.81
-4.74
-3.18
-3.38
-3.17
Oil
8.55
6.52
4.12
5.19
5.18
5.16
Oil
8.65
8.02
7.59
9.81
9.70
9.66
Gas
5.43
4.56
2.74
2.46
2.61
2.75
Gas
4.79
6.42
7.48
7.53
7.91
6.71
Electricity
0.33
-0.01
-0.40
-0.65
-0.67
-0.38
Electricity
-0.06
0.04
-0.86
-1.09
-1.09
-1.39
Renewables
-0.01
0.00
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
Renewables
-0.19
-0.23
-0.22
Derived heat
Derived heat
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Gross Inland Consumption
27.98
23.31
18.65
19.99
20.54
20.34
Gross Inland Consumption
49.02
41.55
40.54
45.31
46.38
46.24
Solid fuels
8.70
7.67
6.42
6.90
6.96
7.84
Solid fuels
31.46
23.01
21.63
20.29
21.04
21.38
Oil
9.61
6.25
4.22
4.95
5.12
5.07
Oil
9.03
8.17
8.04
10.07
10.04
10.04
Gas
5.40
4.58
2.93
2.80
2.90
3.01
Gas
5.25
6.55
7.50
7.70
7.58
7.16
Nuclear
3.78
4.45
4.69
4.81
5.03
3.78
Nuclear
3.25
3.15
3.51
6.38
6.72
6.75
Renewables
0.16
0.36
0.78
1.12
1.14
0.96
Renewables
0.10
0.60
0.60
1.82
1.97
2.18
Other (****)
0.33
-0.01
-0.39
-0.59
-0.61
-0.32
Other (****)
-0.06
0.06
-0.73
-0.96
-0.97
-1.26
Elec. Generation (TWh)
42.14
41.79
40.92
44.37
45.84
43.30
Elec. Generation (TWh)
62.56
60.85
73.47
82.58
84.36
88.20
Coal (TWh)
14.93
17.32
16.94
18.46
19.08
22.37
Coal (TWh)
47.02
44.33
52.56
49.52
49.65
53.80
Oil (TWh)
1.97
1.44
0.66
0.61
0.38
0.57
Oil (TWh)
0.54
0.59
0.37
0.33
0.26
0.12
Gas (TWh)
8.70
3.45
2.18
1.90
2.28
2.43
Gas (TWh)
0.97
1.00
3.91
4.22
4.17
4.26
Nuclear (TWh)
14.67
17.26
18.18
18.65
19.49
14.64
Nuclear (TWh)
12.59
12.23
13.59
24.73
26.05
26.17
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.88
1.75
2.69
4.34
4.26
2.92
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.16
2.41
2.28
3.14
3.53
3.42
Other (TWh) (***)
0.57
0.28
0.41
0.35
0.37
Other (TWh) (***)
0.29
0.29
0.76
0.65
0.71
0.43
Final Energy Consumption
16.15
11.38
8.59
9.58
10.01
9.78
Final Energy Consumption
32.34
25.20
23.92
25.88
26.32
25.76
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.52
1.25
0.85
0.97
0.95
0.98
Solid fuels
13.83
5.93
5.06
3.67
4.02
3.39
Oil
4.98
2.90
3.00
3.64
3.86
3.72
Oil
6.26
5.05
5.41
6.94
6.89
7.24
Gas
2.07
1.79
1.23
1.03
1.17
1.16
Gas
5.15
6.12
6.42
6.58
6.63
6.36
Electricity
3.03
2.47
2.07
2.21
2.31
2.34
Electricity
4.14
4.13
4.24
4.75
4.90
4.92
Renewables
0.18
0.55
0.75
0.77
0.71
Renewables
0.31
0.15
1.34
1.45
1.63
Derived heat & Industrial waste
4.54
2.80
0.88
0.99
0.95
0.88
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.96
3.66
2.63
2.59
2.42
2.22
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
9.01
6.01
3.65
3.74
3.82
3.86
INDUSTRY
16.37
12.45
10.08
9.62
9.46
9.55
TRANSPORT
2.52
1.98
1.82
2.57
2.77
2.69
TRANSPORT
2.81
2.86
4.38
6.17
6.31
6.63
HOUSEHOLDS
2.23
2.26
2.16
2.15
2.18
2.07
HOUSEHOLDS
7.85
5.44
5.30
6.19
6.51
5.91
AGRICULTURE
0.78
0.38
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.27
AGRICULTURE
1.55
1.23
0.66
0.55
0.56
0.52
SERVICES, ETC.
1.60
0.76
0.65
0.83
0.94
0.90
SERVICES, ETC.
3.76
3.22
3.50
3.35
3.48
3.15
Non-Energy Uses
1.43
1.24
1.26
1.07
0.97
1.04
Non-Energy Uses
1.71
2.41
2.10
2.91
3.05
2.69
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
88
68
51
55
56
60
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
165
132
128
127
130
131
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
1 984
1 632
1 361
1 127
1 090
1 016
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
818
727
659
613
588
553
Carbon intensity
3.15
2.91
2.73
2.74
2.72
2.93
Carbon intensity
3.37
3.17
3.15
2.81
2.80
2.83
Import dependency, %
63.6
57.2
46.6
47.4
46.2
51.9
Import dependency, %
15.7
20.9
23.4
28.4
27.9
25.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 209
2 773
2 288
2 589
2 668
2 642
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 730
4 022
3 946
4 428
4 517
4 480
CO per capita (kg/cap)
10 098
8 065
6 253
7 106
7 269
7 739
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
15 918
12 763
12 432
12 449
12 631
12 694
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
56
57
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 5
2 . 6 . 6
Bulgaria
Denmark
Germany
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
10.06
15.59
27.67
31.23
29.51
26.99
Production
188.57
142.98
134.53
135.99
137.05
137.83
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
125.13
78.83
59.60
56.49
53.31
54.59
Oil
6.09
9.36
18.19
18.94
17.24
15.53
Oil
5.92
4.31
4.72
5.66
5.69
5.70
Gas
2.77
4.70
7.41
9.38
9.32
8.27
Gas
13.53
15.10
15.80
14.22
14.05
12.87
Nuclear
Nuclear
37.67
37.32
43.75
42.06
43.15
36.25
Renewables
1.20
1.53
2.06
2.90
2.95
3.19
Renewables
5.83
6.52
9.63
17.56
20.83
28.12
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
0.49
0.90
1.03
0.00
0.02
0.30
Net Imports
8.62
7.55
-7.26
-10.41
-8.06
-5.49
Net Imports
166.52
196.27
205.68
215.28
215.55
201.84
Solid fuels
6.22
7.66
3.78
3.54
5.13
4.67
Solid fuels
3.18
10.96
21.60
26.81
29.11
32.35
Oil
2.73
1.44
-8.28
-9.38
-8.23
-6.39
Oil
121.53
131.99
126.95
123.13
121.52
109.18
Gas
-0.93
-1.50
-2.88
-5.01
-4.69
-4.05
Gas
41.75
52.90
56.87
65.73
66.43
61.75
Electricity
0.61
-0.07
0.06
0.12
-0.60
-0.08
Electricity
0.07
0.41
0.26
-0.39
-1.46
-1.42
Renewables
0.01
0.06
0.33
0.32
0.37
Renewables
-0.06
-0.02
Derived heat
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Derived heat
0.00
Gross Inland Consumption
17.89
20.28
19.52
19.67
20.92
20.51
Gross Inland Consumption
358.16
340.46
342.36
347.12
348.84
339.57
Solid fuels
6.09
6.50
3.99
3.75
5.48
4.65
Solid fuels
131.52
92.17
83.73
82.80
82.24
86.97
Oil
8.18
9.14
8.90
8.17
8.23
8.32
Oil
127.60
135.83
132.11
124.24
124.63
112.73
Gas
1.82
3.17
4.45
4.40
4.54
4.06
Gas
54.98
67.30
71.85
80.86
79.50
76.64
Nuclear
Nuclear
37.67
37.32
43.75
42.06
43.15
36.25
Renewables
1.20
1.54
2.12
3.23
3.27
3.56
Renewables
5.83
6.52
9.63
17.56
20.77
28.11
Other (****)
0.61
-0.07
0.06
0.12
-0.60
-0.08
Other (****)
0.56
1.32
1.29
-0.39
-1.44
-1.13
Elec. Generation (TWh)
25.98
36.65
36.05
36.24
45.61
39.15
Elec. Generation (TWh)
549.94
536.24
571.55
620.30
636.60
637.10
Coal (TWh)
23.56
27.26
16.67
15.46
24.57
19.90
Coal (TWh)
220.50
289.70
291.50
297.52
293.63
299.79
Oil (TWh)
0.83
3.34
4.25
1.22
1.45
1.11
Oil (TWh)
10.85
8.98
4.79
10.58
9.55
11.27
Gas (TWh)
0.69
3.64
8.77
8.78
9.42
6.91
Gas (TWh)
45.40
50.39
59.97
76.61
82.85
84.12
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
152.47
154.09
169.61
163.06
167.27
140.53
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.85
2.12
6.13
10.63
10.06
11.06
Renewables (TWh) (*)
20.60
25.25
38.79
64.66
74.13
93.77
Other (TWh) (***)
0.05
0.30
0.23
0.15
0.12
0.18
Other (TWh) (***)
100.13
7.83
6.91
7.87
9.18
7.62
Final Energy Consumption
13.44
14.75
14.64
15.43
15.62
15.71
Final Energy Consumption
227.20
222.80
218.10
217.31
221.63
210.29
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.40
0.41
0.29
0.25
0.26
0.26
Solid fuels
37.14
14.92
10.95
9.83
9.79
9.60
Oil
7.13
7.16
6.98
7.23
7.29
7.39
Oil
96.80
104.90
98.46
88.71
89.74
78.45
Gas
1.16
1.69
1.67
1.71
1.70
1.67
Gas
42.72
52.59
56.06
59.82
60.47
59.43
Electricity
2.44
2.66
2.79
2.88
2.92
2.90
Electricity
38.39
38.91
41.50
44.50
45.40
45.61
Renewables
0.57
0.60
0.66
0.94
1.04
1.20
Renewables
2.99
2.73
4.80
8.15
9.88
10.90
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.76
2.24
2.25
2.42
2.41
2.29
Derived heat & Industrial waste
9.15
8.74
6.32
6.30
6.34
6.31
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
2.69
3.03
2.94
2.86
2.93
2.91
INDUSTRY
71.46
62.00
57.90
55.81
55.60
57.37
TRANSPORT
4.02
4.46
4.73
5.26
5.34
5.56
TRANSPORT
58.63
63.08
66.19
62.15
63.31
62.39
HOUSEHOLDS
3.89
4.37
4.13
4.44
4.44
4.46
HOUSEHOLDS
58.42
63.15
62.14
66.83
67.91
60.32
AGRICULTURE
1.00
0.94
0.97
0.86
0.89
0.83
AGRICULTURE
3.04
2.68
2.74
2.57
2.62
2.62
SERVICES, ETC.
1.84
1.94
1.87
2.00
2.02
1.94
SERVICES, ETC.
35.65
31.89
29.14
29.95
32.19
27.59
Non-Energy Uses
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.29
0.31
Non-Energy Uses
23.47
23.32
25.46
24.97
25.15
24.72
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
58
68
60
55
64
59
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
1 055
944
910
883
900
876
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
133
134
112
106
110
106
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
206
182
166
163
159
151
Carbon intensity
3.22
3.33
3.05
2.82
3.06
2.90
Carbon intensity
2.95
2.77
2.66
2.54
2.58
2.58
Import dependency, %
45.8
34.5
-34.8
-50.8
-36.7
-25.4
Import dependency, %
46.2
57.3
59.7
61.6
61.3
58.9
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 481
3 878
3 657
3 630
3 848
3 757
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 513
4 169
4 166
4 209
4 235
4 128
CO per capita (kg/cap)
11 209
12 907
11 155
10 231
11 787
10 895
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
13 293
11 557
11 072
10 707
10 923
10 653
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
58
59
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 7
2 . 6 . 8
Bulgaria
Estonia
Ireland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
5.60
3.51
3.30
4.01
3.88
4.46
Production
3.35
4.01
2.18
1.62
1.60
1.41
Solid fuels
5.05
2.87
2.67
3.18
3.10
3.65
Solid fuels
1.31
1.61
0.99
0.79
0.77
0.59
Oil
0.10
0.16
0.12
0.14
0.14
0.07
Oil
Gas
Gas
1.87
2.25
0.96
0.46
0.41
0.37
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.45
0.49
0.51
0.69
0.65
0.74
Renewables
0.17
0.15
0.24
0.37
0.42
0.45
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
Net Imports
4.60
2.00
1.78
1.67
1.86
1.88
Net Imports
7.09
7.64
12.27
13.66
14.22
14.12
Solid fuels
0.70
0.29
0.27
0.03
0.00
0.03
Solid fuels
2.06
1.83
1.79
1.97
1.72
1.49
Oil
3.28
1.19
0.93
1.08
1.25
1.39
Oil
5.03
5.72
7.99
8.50
8.75
8.57
Gas
1.22
0.58
0.66
0.80
0.81
0.80
Gas
0.08
2.48
3.01
3.60
3.92
Electricity
-0.60
-0.07
-0.08
-0.14
-0.06
-0.21
Electricity
0.00
0.01
0.18
0.15
0.11
Renewables
0.00
-0.11
-0.12
-0.14
Renewables
0.00
0.00
0.02
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
10.15
5.51
5.00
5.56
5.42
6.07
Gross Inland Consumption
10.25
10.87
14.36
15.13
15.52
15.88
Solid fuels
5.97
3.31
2.97
3.19
3.04
3.71
Solid fuels
3.42
2.78
2.74
2.69
2.44
2.29
Oil
3.10
1.20
0.93
1.12
1.10
1.16
Oil
4.79
5.60
7.94
8.43
8.50
8.73
Gas
1.22
0.58
0.66
0.80
0.81
0.80
Gas
1.87
2.33
3.44
3.47
4.01
4.28
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.46
0.48
0.51
0.59
0.53
0.60
Renewables
0.17
0.15
0.24
0.37
0.42
0.47
Other (****)
-0.60
-0.07
-0.08
-0.14
-0.06
-0.21
Other (****)
0.00
0.01
0.18
0.15
0.11
Elec. Generation (TWh)
17.18
8.69
8.51
10.21
9.73
12.19
Elec. Generation (TWh)
14.52
17.88
24.00
25.36
27.48
28.23
Coal (TWh)
14.92
8.38
7.68
9.30
8.79
11.42
Coal (TWh)
8.16
9.04
8.59
8.84
8.02
7.67
Oil (TWh)
1.44
0.10
0.06
0.03
0.03
0.03
Oil (TWh)
1.43
2.70
4.66
3.34
2.71
1.98
Gas (TWh)
0.82
0.20
0.76
0.76
0.78
0.59
Gas (TWh)
3.94
5.16
9.26
10.96
13.91
15.46
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.01
0.02
0.10
0.13
0.15
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.70
0.73
1.19
1.87
2.47
2.76
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
Other (TWh) (***)
0.29
0.26
0.30
0.34
0.37
0.35
Final Energy Consumption
6.15
2.50
2.36
2.80
2.79
3.03
Final Energy Consumption
7.37
7.91
10.68
12.46
13.07
13.21
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.70
0.19
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.17
Solid fuels
1.78
0.93
0.70
0.70
0.66
0.64
Oil
1.94
0.86
0.75
0.97
0.96
1.04
Oil
3.89
4.81
6.92
8.02
8.43
8.56
Gas
0.44
0.20
0.13
0.21
0.22
0.23
Gas
0.57
0.80
1.20
1.46
1.56
1.58
Electricity
0.59
0.39
0.43
0.52
0.56
0.58
Electricity
1.02
1.28
1.74
2.09
2.23
2.22
Renewables
0.40
0.27
0.42
0.45
0.40
0.49
Renewables
0.11
0.09
0.12
0.18
0.19
0.21
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.09
0.59
0.51
0.55
0.54
0.52
Derived heat & Industrial waste
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
2.73
0.79
0.53
0.66
0.63
0.72
INDUSTRY
1.75
1.85
2.35
2.59
2.79
2.57
TRANSPORT
0.84
0.49
0.58
0.77
0.80
0.86
TRANSPORT
1.99
2.35
4.02
5.00
5.37
5.74
HOUSEHOLDS
1.28
0.97
0.93
0.89
0.88
0.96
HOUSEHOLDS
2.41
2.20
2.49
2.90
3.06
2.91
AGRICULTURE
0.71
0.08
0.06
0.10
0.09
0.09
AGRICULTURE
0.25
0.34
0.31
0.32
0.25
0.30
SERVICES, ETC.
0.59
0.17
0.27
0.38
0.39
0.40
SERVICES, ETC.
0.98
1.17
1.51
1.65
1.60
1.69
Non-Energy Uses
0.17
0.23
0.22
0.24
0.23
0.21
Non-Energy Uses
0.62
0.55
0.55
0.31
0.36
0.13
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
38
18
16
17
17
20
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
34
37
47
50
50
51
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
1 209
819
624
551
581
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
196
165
137
110
107
103
Carbon intensity
3.74
3.36
3.19
3.12
3.16
3.30
Carbon intensity
3.27
3.38
3.27
3.33
3.25
3.20
Import dependency, %
44.5
35.7
34.9
29.4
33.1
29.7
Import dependency, %
69.1
69.5
84.5
89.7
90.9
88.3
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
6 395
3 802
3 643
4 125
4 031
4 522
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 922
3 017
3 779
3 646
3 649
3 645
CO per capita (kg/cap)
23 918
12 770
11 621
12 889
12 720
14 912
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
9 561
10 212
12 372
12 155
11 871
11 672
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
60
61
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 9
2 . 6 . 1 0
Bulgaria
Greece
Spain
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
9.16
9.74
10.01
10.32
10.06
12.18
Production
33.73
31.37
31.33
30.13
31.15
30.18
Solid fuels
7.08
7.91
8.22
8.54
8.14
10.39
Solid fuels
11.68
10.17
7.74
6.26
6.05
5.45
Oil
0.84
0.46
0.28
0.10
0.09
0.08
Oil
0.80
0.79
0.23
0.17
0.14
0.14
Gas
0.14
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.02
Gas
1.27
0.38
0.15
0.14
0.06
0.08
Nuclear
Nuclear
13.70
14.30
16.05
14.84
15.51
14.21
Renewables
1.10
1.29
1.40
1.63
1.79
1.68
Renewables
6.26
5.60
7.02
8.71
9.38
10.29
Industrial waste
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.01
Industrial waste
0.02
0.12
0.16
Net Imports
15.47
18.27
22.07
23.45
24.85
24.70
Net Imports
60.17
76.16
99.33
123.97
124.03
123.34
Solid fuels
0.99
0.92
0.77
0.37
0.22
0.36
Solid fuels
7.04
9.15
12.64
14.42
13.51
13.43
Oil
14.42
17.27
19.61
20.42
21.54
20.63
Oil
49.48
59.11
70.85
79.42
79.16
78.89
Gas
1.69
2.33
2.72
3.33
Gas
3.69
7.52
15.47
30.25
31.65
31.50
Electricity
0.06
0.07
0.00
0.33
0.36
0.37
Electricity
-0.04
0.39
0.38
-0.12
-0.28
-0.49
Renewables
0.00
0.00
Renewables
0.00
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
22.34
24.23
28.22
31.35
31.51
33.49
Gross Inland Consumption
89.72
102.95
123.65
144.59
144.04
146.81
Solid fuels
8.09
8.78
9.04
8.95
8.39
10.84
Solid fuels
18.94
19.52
20.64
20.70
17.88
20.15
Oil
12.94
14.01
16.01
18.06
18.21
17.24
Oil
45.86
55.30
64.19
70.61
70.32
70.79
Gas
0.14
0.04
1.70
2.35
2.75
3.35
Gas
4.97
7.72
15.22
29.84
31.23
31.85
Nuclear
Nuclear
13.70
14.30
16.05
14.84
15.51
14.21
Renewables
1.10
1.29
1.40
1.63
1.80
1.68
Renewables
6.26
5.60
7.02
8.71
9.38
10.29
Other (****)
0.06
0.11
0.06
0.35
0.37
0.38
Other (****)
-0.02
0.51
0.54
-0.12
-0.28
-0.49
Elec. Generation (TWh)
35.00
41.55
53.84
60.02
60.79
63.50
Elec. Generation (TWh)
151.84
167.33
225.15
294.04
299.46
303.29
Coal (TWh)
25.17
28.70
34.31
35.54
32.26
34.68
Coal (TWh)
59.73
65.91
79.10
79.70
66.74
73.10
Oil (TWh)
7.74
8.86
8.89
9.21
9.60
9.64
Oil (TWh)
8.60
14.62
22.64
24.42
23.83
18.51
Gas (TWh)
0.09
0.08
5.92
8.17
10.61
13.77
Gas (TWh)
2.44
4.92
22.46
80.08
91.81
93.80
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
54.27
55.46
62.21
57.54
60.13
55.10
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.77
3.56
4.14
6.41
7.86
4.59
Renewables (TWh) (*)
26.03
24.59
36.04
43.93
52.36
59.42
Other (TWh) (***)
0.23
0.36
0.58
0.69
0.45
0.81
Other (TWh) (***)
0.77
1.83
2.72
8.38
4.60
3.37
Final Energy Consumption
14.54
15.84
18.56
20.80
21.45
21.96
Final Energy Consumption
56.80
63.69
79.63
97.46
96.17
98.70
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.05
1.07
0.89
0.45
0.40
0.53
Solid fuels
3.52
2.23
1.67
1.78
1.57
1.82
Oil
10.07
10.84
12.63
14.28
14.69
14.67
Oil
33.61
39.13
46.01
53.07
53.06
54.13
Gas
0.01
0.01
0.26
0.58
0.69
0.70
Gas
4.90
6.84
12.14
17.98
15.47
16.15
Electricity
2.45
2.93
3.71
4.38
4.52
4.75
Electricity
10.82
12.12
16.20
20.82
22.06
22.36
Renewables
0.95
0.98
1.05
1.07
1.10
1.27
Renewables
3.93
3.26
3.45
3.81
4.00
4.25
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.04
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.01
0.12
0.16
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
3.95
4.11
4.45
4.14
4.21
4.59
INDUSTRY
20.07
20.51
25.53
31.10
25.89
26.70
TRANSPORT
5.82
6.45
7.21
8.08
8.50
8.81
TRANSPORT
22.40
26.16
32.98
39.61
40.76
42.10
HOUSEHOLDS
3.06
3.33
4.49
5.49
5.49
5.33
HOUSEHOLDS
9.28
10.00
11.89
15.17
15.80
15.94
AGRICULTURE
1.03
1.01
1.11
1.14
1.18
1.10
AGRICULTURE
1.66
2.19
2.54
3.10
2.82
2.98
SERVICES, ETC.
0.69
0.94
1.31
1.94
2.07
2.13
SERVICES, ETC.
3.39
4.83
6.70
8.48
10.89
10.99
Non-Energy Uses
0.67
0.46
0.72
0.76
0.91
0.84
Non-Energy Uses
6.03
8.36
9.47
8.35
7.75
7.90
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
94
101
117
123
122
127
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
243
272
335
403
395
404
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
204
208
205
185
178
182
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
188
200
196
195
187
184
Carbon intensity
4.19
4.15
4.16
3.91
3.88
3.78
Carbon intensity
2.71
2.64
2.71
2.78
2.74
2.75
Import dependency, %
62.2
65.8
69.4
68.6
71.9
67.3
Import dependency, %
64.3
71.8
76.7
81.3
81.5
79.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 199
2 278
2 585
2 824
2 826
2 992
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 300
2 614
3 071
3 332
3 268
3 272
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 218
9 461
10 744
11 033
10 969
11 302
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
6 241
6 894
8 323
9 278
8 954
8 995
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
62
63
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 1
2 . 6 . 1 2
Bulgaria
France
Italy
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
110.79
127.32
131.60
136.74
136.62
134.42
Production
25.56
29.43
27.13
28.11
28.00
26.90
Solid fuels
7.63
5.36
2.27
0.38
0.28
0.24
Solid fuels
0.22
0.04
0.00
0.06
0.01
0.10
Oil
3.30
3.22
2.57
1.48
1.19
1.20
Oil
4.77
5.40
4.81
6.52
6.67
6.83
Gas
2.52
2.79
1.50
0.91
1.06
0.92
Gas
14.03
16.35
13.62
9.89
8.99
7.95
Nuclear
81.02
97.31
107.09
116.47
116.13
113.43
Nuclear
Renewables
16.34
18.64
18.16
17.49
17.97
18.64
Renewables
6.39
7.54
8.55
11.53
12.20
11.90
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
0.15
0.10
0.14
0.12
0.13
0.13
Net Imports
120.60
116.80
134.20
144.35
141.75
137.55
Net Imports
132.45
135.06
153.43
160.95
164.57
159.50
Solid fuels
13.00
9.01
13.20
13.50
13.88
12.39
Solid fuels
13.79
12.99
13.19
16.37
16.61
16.65
Oil
87.13
86.31
91.19
95.36
93.81
92.60
Oil
90.28
90.09
88.93
79.90
80.11
77.58
Gas
24.37
27.49
35.78
40.72
39.47
37.13
Gas
25.31
28.53
47.01
59.84
63.09
60.51
Electricity
-3.91
-6.01
-5.97
-5.19
-5.45
-4.89
Electricity
2.98
3.22
3.81
4.23
3.87
3.98
Renewables
0.00
-0.06
0.04
0.31
Renewables
0.09
0.23
0.49
0.62
0.90
0.79
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
227.54
241.13
259.51
277.09
273.80
270.27
Gross Inland Consumption
153.51
161.67
172.95
187.31
186.11
183.45
Solid fuels
19.96
15.29
15.24
14.30
13.24
13.39
Solid fuels
14.62
12.27
12.66
16.48
16.66
16.79
Oil
88.10
86.32
89.22
92.99
92.25
90.90
Oil
90.27
93.66
89.36
83.69
83.17
80.34
Gas
26.03
29.58
35.77
41.08
39.62
38.48
Gas
39.00
44.65
57.94
70.65
69.19
69.53
Nuclear
81.02
97.31
107.09
116.47
116.13
113.43
Nuclear
Renewables
16.34
18.64
18.16
17.44
18.00
18.96
Renewables
6.48
7.77
9.03
12.15
13.10
12.69
Other (****)
-3.91
-6.01
-5.97
-5.19
-5.45
-4.89
Other (****)
3.13
3.32
3.96
4.34
3.99
4.11
Elec. Generation (TWh)
420.74
493.90
540.73
576.17
574.56
569.84
Elec. Generation (TWh)
216.89
241.47
276.61
303.70
314.12
313.89
Coal (TWh)
31.47
24.18
27.00
27.52
22.89
24.45
Coal (TWh)
32.04
24.12
26.27
43.61
44.21
44.11
Oil (TWh)
8.67
7.75
7.17
7.93
7.13
6.16
Oil (TWh)
102.71
120.80
85.88
47.12
45.88
35.41
Gas (TWh)
6.98
6.15
15.37
26.26
25.28
25.74
Gas (TWh)
42.18
50.44
105.61
155.07
164.31
178.27
Nuclear (TWh)
314.08
377.23
415.16
451.53
450.19
439.73
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
55.54
75.63
71.35
58.23
63.79
68.29
Renewables (TWh) (*)
35.02
41.63
51.21
49.75
52.09
49.23
Other (TWh) (***)
4.00
2.96
4.68
4.71
5.28
5.48
Other (TWh) (***)
4.94
4.47
7.64
8.15
7.64
6.87
Final Energy Consumption
136.45
142.31
152.47
159.18
157.71
154.04
Final Energy Consumption
107.38
113.90
123.46
132.60
130.65
132.06
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
9.02
6.90
5.77
5.15
5.28
5.05
Solid fuels
4.21
4.01
3.68
4.22
4.16
3.66
Oil
67.70
68.41
72.24
73.35
72.27
69.97
Oil
53.84
53.29
56.36
58.46
57.49
57.12
Gas
23.40
27.10
30.88
33.74
32.70
31.10
Gas
29.81
34.65
37.98
41.98
39.96
39.42
Electricity
25.96
29.46
33.10
36.34
36.69
36.62
Electricity
18.41
20.44
23.43
25.83
26.51
26.56
Renewables
10.38
10.44
10.48
10.59
10.77
11.30
Renewables
0.97
1.42
1.94
2.05
2.47
2.17
Derived heat & Industrial waste
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.14
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
3.13
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
36.44
37.12
36.89
35.84
34.70
33.71
INDUSTRY
36.26
36.46
39.53
39.07
38.01
41.48
TRANSPORT
42.04
44.29
51.59
49.94
50.92
51.49
TRANSPORT
33.51
37.74
41.39
43.78
44.19
44.56
HOUSEHOLDS
36.49
36.88
42.41
45.16
44.64
41.48
HOUSEHOLDS
26.33
26.71
28.36
31.88
29.92
27.91
AGRICULTURE
3.27
3.05
3.08
3.29
3.19
2.96
AGRICULTURE
3.10
3.24
3.22
3.38
3.39
3.26
SERVICES, ETC.
18.21
20.97
18.51
24.94
24.27
24.40
SERVICES, ETC.
8.17
9.75
10.97
14.48
15.14
14.85
Non-Energy Uses
13.45
16.84
15.90
14.29
14.59
15.48
Non-Energy Uses
10.09
13.81
11.04
11.26
10.68
10.19
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
412
411
430
441
433
424
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
443
455
475
506
503
493
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
192
192
180
177
171
165
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
151
149
145
150
147
142
Carbon intensity
1.81
1.70
1.66
1.59
1.58
1.57
Carbon intensity
2.89
2.81
2.75
2.70
2.70
2.69
Import dependency, %
52.4
47.9
51.1
51.6
51.2
50.4
Import dependency, %
84.8
82.3
87.3
84.4
86.8
85.3
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 911
4 058
4 272
4 411
4 333
4 251
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 707
2 844
3 037
3 196
3 158
3 090
CO per capita (kg/cap)
7 088
6 915
7 078
7 020
6 845
6 662
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
7 815
8 006
8 340
8 635
8 534
8 311
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
64
65
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 3
2 . 6 . 1 4
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Latvia
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Production
1.12
1.43
1.41
1.87
1.85
1.81
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.06
0.08
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
Oil
Oil
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
Gas
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Renewables
1.06
1.35
1.39
1.85
1.84
1.79
Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.01
Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.01
Net Imports
1.64
2.02
2.55
2.82
2.97
2.87
Net Imports
7.47
3.37
2.25
2.99
3.17
3.04
Solid fuels
0.07
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
Solid fuels
0.63
0.17
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.09
Oil
1.57
2.01
2.51
2.77
2.93
2.85
Oil
3.97
2.09
1.12
1.68
1.71
1.76
Gas
Gas
2.56
1.00
1.11
1.43
1.53
1.32
Electricity
Electricity
0.31
0.19
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.26
Renewables
0.00
0.00
0.00
Renewables
-0.09
-0.20
-0.38
-0.39
-0.39
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
1.52
1.98
2.39
2.47
2.61
2.73
Gross Inland Consumption
7.93
4.63
3.75
4.49
4.63
4.76
Solid fuels
0.06
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
Solid fuels
0.71
0.27
0.14
0.08
0.09
0.11
Oil
1.45
1.92
2.31
2.38
2.52
2.62
Oil
3.49
1.89
1.17
1.38
1.48
1.62
Gas
Gas
2.38
1.01
1.09
1.36
1.41
1.36
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Renewables
1.05
1.26
1.19
1.48
1.43
1.41
Other (****)
0.00
0.00
0.01
Other (****)
0.31
0.19
0.15
0.19
0.22
0.26
Elec. Generation (TWh)
1.97
2.47
3.37
4.38
4.65
4.87
Elec. Generation (TWh)
6.65
3.98
4.14
4.91
4.89
4.77
Coal (TWh)
Coal (TWh)
0.06
0.10
0.08
0.00
Oil (TWh)
1.97
2.47
3.37
4.38
4.65
4.87
Oil (TWh)
0.36
0.42
0.11
0.01
0.01
0.02
Gas (TWh)
Gas (TWh)
1.73
0.53
1.13
1.49
2.10
1.92
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.00
0.00
0.00
Renewables (TWh) (*)
4.50
2.94
2.82
3.41
2.79
2.83
Other (TWh) (***)
Other (TWh) (***)
Final Energy Consumption
1.10
1.41
1.64
1.81
1.84
1.90
Final Energy Consumption
6.39
3.81
3.24
4.03
4.20
4.36
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.08
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.03
Solid fuels
0.32
0.12
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Oil
0.87
1.17
1.30
1.38
1.39
1.42
Oil
2.06
1.16
1.06
1.33
1.47
1.61
Gas
Gas
0.67
0.37
0.33
0.51
0.51
0.52
Electricity
0.15
0.19
0.26
0.34
0.36
0.38
Electricity
0.71
0.38
0.38
0.49
0.53
0.57
Renewables
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.07
Renewables
0.62
0.88
0.82
1.02
1.02
1.01
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.01
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.01
0.91
0.59
0.60
0.59
0.57
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
0.28
0.39
0.44
0.32
0.33
0.34
INDUSTRY
1.98
0.69
0.57
0.71
0.74
0.72
TRANSPORT
0.63
0.75
0.85
0.97
0.93
0.95
TRANSPORT
1.10
0.71
0.75
1.07
1.18
1.33
HOUSEHOLDS
0.11
0.18
0.22
0.32
0.35
0.30
HOUSEHOLDS
1.59
1.60
1.33
1.51
1.49
1.47
AGRICULTURE
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.04
AGRICULTURE
0.61
0.17
0.13
0.15
0.15
0.16
SERVICES, ETC.
0.08
0.09
0.12
0.17
0.20
0.26
SERVICES, ETC.
1.11
0.64
0.47
0.59
0.63
0.68
Non-Energy Uses
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
Non-Energy Uses
0.08
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
5
6
9
10
10
10
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
21
10
7
9
9
9
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
236
236
237
209
212
212
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
646
708
441
357
327
307
Carbon intensity
3.37
3.24
3.85
3.85
3.72
3.60
Carbon intensity
2.64
2.09
1.91
1.96
1.97
1.98
Import dependency, %
103.9
99.1
98.8
100.7
102.5
95.9
Import dependency, %
88.9
70.5
59.8
63.1
65.8
61.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 620
3 036
3 443
3 257
3 377
3 477
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 978
1 862
1 580
1 952
2 022
2 093
CO per capita (kg/cap)
8 833
9 841
13 244
12 555
12 566
12 499
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
7 864
3 893
3 020
3 827
3 983
4 138
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
66
67
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 5
2 . 6 . 1 6
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
4.74
3.70
3.19
3.70
3.26
3.53
Production
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
Solid fuels
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
Solid fuels
Oil
0.01
0.13
0.35
0.24
0.20
0.16
Oil
Gas
Gas
Nuclear
4.39
3.05
2.17
2.67
2.23
2.54
Nuclear
Renewables
0.32
0.50
0.66
0.78
0.81
0.81
Renewables
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
Net Imports
11.69
5.65
4.34
5.12
5.48
5.78
Net Imports
3.53
3.26
3.63
4.62
4.66
4.54
Solid fuels
0.76
0.16
0.09
0.19
0.26
0.23
Solid fuels
1.13
0.51
0.13
0.08
0.11
0.08
Oil
7.28
3.69
2.31
2.70
2.79
2.69
Oil
1.63
1.76
2.34
3.08
3.01
2.88
Gas
4.68
2.03
2.06
2.49
2.48
2.98
Gas
0.43
0.56
0.67
1.18
1.23
1.20
Electricity
-1.03
-0.23
-0.11
-0.26
-0.04
-0.12
Electricity
0.34
0.43
0.49
0.28
0.31
0.34
Renewables
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
Renewables
0.03
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
16.06
8.67
7.07
8.62
8.43
9.15
Gross Inland Consumption
3.56
3.34
3.64
4.71
4.71
4.65
Solid fuels
0.80
0.25
0.10
0.20
0.27
0.27
Solid fuels
1.13
0.51
0.13
0.08
0.11
0.08
Oil
6.90
3.09
2.20
2.77
2.72
2.76
Oil
1.61
1.79
2.29
3.10
2.98
2.92
Gas
4.68
2.03
2.06
2.48
2.45
2.89
Gas
0.43
0.56
0.67
1.18
1.23
1.20
Nuclear
4.39
3.05
2.17
2.67
2.23
2.54
Nuclear
Renewables
0.32
0.49
0.65
0.76
0.79
0.81
Renewables
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.12
Other (****)
-1.03
-0.23
-0.11
-0.26
-0.04
-0.12
Other (****)
0.34
0.43
0.49
0.28
0.31
0.34
Elec. Generation (TWh)
28.41
13.90
11.42
14.78
12.48
14.01
Elec. Generation (TWh)
1.38
1.24
1.18
4.13
4.33
4.00
Coal (TWh)
0.00
0.01
Coal (TWh)
Oil (TWh)
4.15
1.07
0.66
0.40
0.33
0.41
Oil (TWh)
0.03
0.01
Gas (TWh)
6.77
0.23
1.62
3.02
2.46
2.41
Gas (TWh)
0.49
0.34
0.23
3.11
3.25
2.90
Nuclear (TWh)
17.03
11.82
8.42
10.34
8.65
9.83
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.41
0.37
0.34
0.46
0.44
0.58
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.11
0.14
0.20
0.24
0.27
0.30
Other (TWh) (***)
0.04
0.41
0.40
0.57
0.60
0.77
Other (TWh) (***)
0.75
0.75
0.74
0.78
0.81
0.81
Final Energy Consumption
9.68
4.59
3.74
4.46
4.73
4.96
Final Energy Consumption
3.33
3.17
3.56
4.45
4.40
4.38
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.75
0.23
0.09
0.19
0.26
0.25
Solid fuels
0.76
0.37
0.12
0.08
0.11
0.08
Oil
4.06
1.67
1.35
1.61
1.68
1.90
Oil
1.59
1.76
2.28
3.08
2.96
2.90
Gas
1.48
0.51
0.36
0.50
0.54
0.56
Gas
0.62
0.58
0.62
0.68
0.68
0.71
Electricity
1.03
0.55
0.53
0.68
0.72
0.76
Electricity
0.35
0.43
0.49
0.53
0.56
0.58
Renewables
0.27
0.45
0.58
0.57
0.58
0.58
Renewables
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
Derived heat & Industrial waste
2.08
1.19
0.83
0.91
0.94
0.92
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.01
0.03
0.06
0.06
0.05
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
3.33
1.02
0.78
0.99
1.05
1.06
INDUSTRY
1.73
1.20
0.96
0.94
1.02
0.96
TRANSPORT
2.00
1.04
1.05
1.41
1.51
1.79
TRANSPORT
1.01
1.31
1.88
2.72
2.63
2.62
HOUSEHOLDS
1.84
1.64
1.34
1.38
1.43
1.35
HOUSEHOLDS
0.52
0.56
0.60
0.65
0.61
0.66
AGRICULTURE
0.80
0.20
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.12
AGRICULTURE
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.03
SERVICES, ETC.
1.71
0.69
0.47
0.57
0.62
0.64
SERVICES, ETC.
0.06
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.11
Non-Energy Uses
0.86
0.54
0.66
0.80
0.81
1.31
Non-Energy Uses
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
37
16
12
15
15
16
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
13
10
10
14
13
13
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
947
882
571
478
434
432
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
265
205
165
180
169
159
Carbon intensity
2.29
1.81
1.76
1.73
1.80
1.80
Carbon intensity
3.52
2.98
2.72
2.90
2.86
2.83
Import dependency, %
72.4
64.1
60.6
58.5
64.0
62.3
Import dependency, %
99.0
97.7
99.8
98.0
98.9
97.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 343
2 390
2 020
2 523
2 484
2 711
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
9 325
8 156
8 294
10 133
9 971
9 697
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 960
4 328
3 549
4 375
4 464
4 872
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
32 831
24 317
22 525
29 342
28 530
27 443
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
68
69
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 7
2 . 6 . 1 8
Bulgaria
Hungary
Malta
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
14.16
13.47
11.21
10.68
10.52
10.22
Production
Solid fuels
3.95
3.10
2.89
1.75
1.76
1.77
Solid fuels
Oil
2.33
2.34
1.67
1.78
1.53
1.23
Oil
Gas
3.81
3.79
2.48
2.33
2.38
2.00
Gas
Nuclear
3.54
3.62
3.66
3.57
3.47
3.79
Nuclear
Renewables
0.52
0.63
0.52
1.22
1.35
1.40
Renewables
Industrial waste
0.03
0.03
0.02
Industrial waste
Net Imports
14.46
12.65
14.03
17.51
17.35
16.59
Net Imports
0.61
0.89
1.47
1.60
1.65
1.79
Solid fuels
1.68
1.40
1.09
1.30
1.22
1.38
Solid fuels
Oil
6.65
5.52
5.37
5.87
6.11
6.29
Oil
0.61
0.89
1.47
1.60
1.65
1.79
Gas
5.17
5.53
7.28
9.81
9.42
8.56
Gas
Electricity
0.96
0.21
0.30
0.54
0.62
0.34
Electricity
Renewables
-0.01
0.02
Renewables
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
28.67
25.90
25.02
28.04
27.78
27.02
Gross Inland Consumption
0.58
0.81
0.81
0.94
0.90
0.95
Solid fuels
5.96
4.55
3.97
3.05
3.04
3.14
Solid fuels
Oil
8.77
7.72
6.92
7.54
7.82
7.61
Oil
0.58
0.81
0.81
0.94
0.90
0.95
Gas
8.91
9.17
9.66
12.09
11.46
10.70
Gas
Nuclear
3.54
3.62
3.66
3.57
3.47
3.79
Nuclear
Renewables
0.52
0.63
0.52
1.22
1.34
1.42
Renewables
Other (****)
0.96
0.21
0.30
0.57
0.65
0.36
Other (****)
Elec. Generation (TWh)
28.47
34.11
35.19
35.76
35.86
39.96
Elec. Generation (TWh)
1.10
1.63
1.92
2.24
2.30
2.30
Coal (TWh)
8.55
9.08
9.59
7.02
7.00
7.37
Coal (TWh)
0.62
0.09
Oil (TWh)
1.35
5.28
4.40
0.46
0.52
0.54
Oil (TWh)
0.49
1.54
1.92
2.24
2.30
2.30
Gas (TWh)
4.63
5.46
6.73
12.50
13.25
15.35
Gas (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
13.73
14.03
14.18
13.83
13.46
14.68
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
0.21
0.26
0.29
1.93
1.59
2.02
Renewables (TWh) (*)
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
0.04
0.01
Other (TWh) (***)
Final Energy Consumption
19.17
15.70
15.74
18.11
18.02
16.95
Final Energy Consumption
0.33
0.45
0.41
0.46
0.43
0.43
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
2.49
0.95
0.65
0.68
0.70
0.59
Solid fuels
Oil
6.03
4.16
4.19
4.81
5.10
5.15
Oil
0.25
0.34
0.28
0.32
0.28
0.27
Gas
5.94
6.37
6.50
7.85
7.25
6.25
Gas
Electricity
2.72
2.39
2.53
2.78
2.86
2.90
Electricity
0.08
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.16
Renewables
0.43
0.55
0.43
0.66
0.85
0.84
Renewables
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.57
1.29
1.44
1.33
1.26
1.21
Derived heat & Industrial waste
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
6.51
3.80
3.45
3.42
3.46
3.38
INDUSTRY
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
TRANSPORT
3.03
2.66
3.26
4.20
4.68
4.67
TRANSPORT
0.22
0.30
0.24
0.27
0.25
0.24
HOUSEHOLDS
6.38
5.83
5.28
6.42
6.25
5.55
HOUSEHOLDS
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.08
AGRICULTURE
1.13
0.65
0.70
0.58
0.42
0.49
AGRICULTURE
SERVICES, ETC.
2.12
2.76
3.06
3.50
3.21
2.85
SERVICES, ETC.
0.06
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.06
Non-Energy Uses
1.58
1.63
1.60
2.33
2.39
2.27
Non-Energy Uses
0.01
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
73
62
59
62
60
58
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
2
2
2
8
5
5
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
606
481
438
416
401
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
239
191
211
195
198
Carbon intensity
2.54
2.40
2.36
2.20
2.17
2.16
Carbon intensity
3.18
2.84
2.88
8.62
5.65
5.73
Import dependency, %
50.4
48.9
56.1
62.5
62.4
61.4
Import dependency, %
100.0
104.5
100.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 764
2 507
2 450
2 780
2 759
2 687
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
1 616
2 135
2 070
2 337
2 212
2 311
CO per capita (kg/cap)
7 032
6 005
5 790
6 123
5 998
5 815
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
5 132
6 054
5 954
20 154
12 498
13 248
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
70
71
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 1 9
2 . 6 . 2 0
Bulgaria
Netherlands
Austria
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
60.56
66.30
57.43
61.90
60.76
61.69
Production
8.21
8.71
9.82
9.98
10.44
10.93
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.64
0.30
0.29
0.00
0.00
0.00
Oil
4.11
3.62
2.47
2.35
2.08
3.35
Oil
1.29
1.11
1.12
0.99
1.00
1.02
Gas
54.61
60.46
51.90
56.27
55.39
54.76
Gas
1.10
1.26
1.53
1.40
1.56
1.59
Nuclear
0.88
1.04
1.01
1.03
0.89
1.08
Nuclear
Renewables
0.96
1.15
1.83
2.26
2.39
2.50
Renewables
5.02
5.87
6.70
7.27
7.46
7.84
Industrial waste
0.03
0.21
Industrial waste
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.32
0.42
0.48
Net Imports
18.27
17.14
35.44
38.39
37.23
38.78
Net Imports
17.31
18.04
19.11
24.66
25.03
23.35
Solid fuels
9.57
8.92
8.22
8.31
8.11
8.81
Solid fuels
3.11
2.55
3.02
3.97
3.73
4.05
Oil
31.70
33.61
42.78
48.87
47.88
49.40
Oil
9.74
10.26
11.00
13.30
13.86
12.86
Gas
-23.80
-26.37
-17.19
-20.94
-21.13
-21.46
Gas
4.44
5.40
5.25
7.20
6.54
5.65
Electricity
0.79
0.98
1.63
1.57
1.85
1.51
Electricity
-0.04
-0.21
-0.12
0.23
0.59
0.57
Renewables
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.58
0.52
0.53
Renewables
0.05
0.03
-0.04
-0.04
0.30
0.21
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
67.96
74.53
77.04
82.48
80.55
84.54
Gross Inland Consumption
25.26
27.06
29.12
34.32
34.77
33.81
Solid fuels
9.21
9.10
8.03
8.19
7.92
8.36
Solid fuels
4.04
3.34
3.60
4.01
4.03
3.85
Oil
25.31
28.14
29.61
33.53
32.67
37.17
Oil
10.86
11.48
12.29
14.35
14.52
13.89
Gas
30.81
34.09
34.71
35.32
34.30
33.40
Gas
5.18
6.37
6.52
8.18
7.46
6.98
Nuclear
0.88
1.04
1.01
1.03
0.89
1.08
Nuclear
Renewables
0.96
1.15
1.84
2.83
2.91
3.02
Renewables
5.06
5.90
6.65
7.23
7.75
8.04
Other (****)
0.79
1.01
1.84
1.57
1.85
1.51
Other (****)
0.12
-0.05
0.07
0.55
1.01
1.04
Elec. Generation (TWh)
71.97
81.07
89.62
100.22
98.39
103.24
Elec. Generation (TWh)
50.29
56.59
61.52
65.70
63.54
63.43
Coal (TWh)
25.05
26.08
22.60
23.50
23.74
24.92
Coal (TWh)
6.19
4.32
5.73
7.17
7.03
6.26
Oil (TWh)
3.09
3.87
3.13
2.26
2.10
2.22
Oil (TWh)
1.88
2.12
1.70
1.64
1.64
1.28
Gas (TWh)
39.14
44.83
54.56
61.28
59.43
62.58
Gas (TWh)
8.54
9.77
8.79
14.33
11.99
11.20
Nuclear (TWh)
3.50
4.02
3.93
4.00
3.47
4.20
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.19
1.96
4.23
8.92
9.51
9.15
Renewables (TWh) (*)
32.58
38.22
43.57
39.25
39.83
41.87
Other (TWh) (***)
0.32
1.17
0.26
0.15
0.18
Other (TWh) (***)
1.11
2.16
1.73
3.30
3.04
2.82
Final Energy Consumption
42.88
47.73
50.17
51.64
50.83
51.33
Final Energy Consumption
19.13
21.06
23.18
27.25
27.36
26.54
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.65
1.42
1.30
1.51
1.24
1.47
Solid fuels
1.78
1.58
1.38
1.43
1.26
1.39
Oil
12.85
14.72
16.51
17.41
17.35
18.56
Oil
7.93
8.77
9.54
11.69
11.47
10.87
Gas
21.24
22.52
21.01
20.34
20.22
18.96
Gas
2.97
3.61
4.26
4.79
4.70
4.42
Electricity
6.32
7.14
8.42
8.99
9.12
9.19
Electricity
3.63
3.95
4.42
4.84
4.94
4.94
Renewables
0.37
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.48
0.76
Renewables
2.11
2.18
2.41
2.93
3.17
3.14
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.44
1.57
2.56
2.98
2.42
2.39
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.71
0.97
1.17
1.58
1.82
1.78
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
12.54
12.68
13.75
14.93
13.43
14.57
INDUSTRY
5.99
6.20
6.98
7.91
8.38
8.52
TRANSPORT
10.38
12.44
13.86
15.11
15.61
15.78
TRANSPORT
5.03
5.81
6.88
8.99
8.69
8.83
HOUSEHOLDS
9.94
11.15
10.33
10.10
10.01
9.24
HOUSEHOLDS
5.80
6.25
6.32
7.04
6.77
6.12
AGRICULTURE
3.37
4.37
3.95
4.04
3.94
4.15
AGRICULTURE
0.60
0.55
0.57
0.64
0.62
0.60
SERVICES, ETC.
6.65
7.09
8.28
7.46
7.83
7.60
SERVICES, ETC.
1.71
2.26
2.43
2.67
2.90
2.46
Non-Energy Uses
9.77
9.89
10.31
13.03
11.53
14.27
Non-Energy Uses
1.67
1.46
1.80
1.82
2.00
1.82
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
198
214
222
241
240
235
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
63
65
68
81
80
76
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
222
217
184
185
175
177
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
156
151
140
152
149
141
Carbon intensity
2.92
2.87
2.88
2.92
2.98
2.78
Carbon intensity
2.49
2.41
2.32
2.36
2.29
2.26
Import dependency, %
23.2
20.0
39.2
38.7
38.0
38.6
Import dependency, %
68.5
66.6
65.6
71.9
72.0
69.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
4 546
4 821
4 839
5 055
4 929
5 162
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 290
3 404
3 635
4 168
4 198
4 066
CO per capita (kg/cap)
13 261
13 822
13 946
14 758
14 669
14 357
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
8 201
8 215
8 444
9 834
9 615
9 182
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
72
73
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 1
2 . 6 . 2 2
Bulgaria
Poland
Portugal
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
99.38
99.40
80.30
79.26
78.56
73.41
Production
3.40
3.32
3.83
3.58
4.33
4.62
Solid fuels
94.46
91.10
71.30
68.88
67.58
62.49
Solid fuels
0.12
Oil
0.18
0.36
1.43
1.49
1.46
1.50
Oil
Gas
2.38
3.17
3.31
3.88
3.88
3.90
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
1.60
3.92
3.81
4.55
5.05
5.02
Renewables
3.28
3.32
3.83
3.58
4.32
4.61
Industrial waste
0.77
0.84
0.45
0.45
0.58
0.50
Industrial waste
0.01
0.01
0.01
Net Imports
2.24
-0.16
10.16
16.60
19.49
25.06
Net Imports
15.12
18.01
21.88
24.41
21.57
21.85
Solid fuels
-18.97
-21.25
-16.35
-12.94
-12.35
-8.59
Solid fuels
2.79
3.80
3.91
3.22
3.49
2.90
Oil
14.52
15.53
20.46
22.03
23.95
25.87
Oil
12.33
14.14
15.85
16.71
13.95
14.54
Gas
6.77
5.81
6.61
8.53
8.90
8.25
Gas
2.04
3.89
3.66
3.76
Electricity
-0.09
-0.24
-0.55
-0.96
-0.94
-0.46
Electricity
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.59
0.47
0.64
Renewables
-0.06
-0.07
0.00
Renewables
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
100.02
100.01
90.81
93.56
98.11
97.98
Gross Inland Consumption
17.51
20.47
25.08
27.04
25.33
25.98
Solid fuels
75.35
70.45
56.32
54.73
56.99
55.51
Solid fuels
2.58
3.49
3.80
3.35
3.31
2.89
Oil
13.45
16.05
20.83
22.60
24.13
25.06
Oil
11.64
13.58
15.34
15.77
13.59
14.05
Gas
8.94
8.99
9.96
12.23
12.37
12.38
Gas
2.03
3.75
3.64
3.81
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
1.60
3.92
3.80
4.50
4.99
4.99
Renewables
3.28
3.32
3.83
3.58
4.32
4.58
Other (****)
0.68
0.60
-0.10
-0.51
-0.36
0.04
Other (****)
0.00
0.08
0.08
0.59
0.47
0.65
Elec. Generation (TWh)
136.31
138.99
145.18
156.94
161.74
159.35
Elec. Generation (TWh)
28.50
33.27
43.77
46.58
49.04
47.25
Coal (TWh)
130.34
131.69
135.89
143.68
148.61
145.57
Coal (TWh)
9.06
13.41
14.60
15.23
14.96
12.40
Oil (TWh)
1.57
1.52
1.92
2.39
2.44
2.30
Oil (TWh)
9.40
10.31
8.42
8.79
5.25
4.87
Gas (TWh)
0.84
1.59
2.71
5.05
5.02
5.12
Gas (TWh)
0.05
0.05
7.23
13.61
12.34
13.12
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.87
2.24
2.33
4.17
4.31
5.43
Renewables (TWh) (*)
9.85
9.39
13.13
8.56
16.02
16.50
Other (TWh) (***)
1.70
1.96
2.34
1.65
1.36
0.92
Other (TWh) (***)
0.15
0.11
0.39
0.40
0.48
0.36
Final Energy Consumption
59.75
63.62
55.39
57.92
60.86
61.24
Final Energy Consumption
11.81
13.79
17.69
18.72
18.54
18.81
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
17.17
23.39
13.80
11.44
12.45
11.93
Solid fuels
0.62
0.55
0.47
0.02
0.03
0.17
Oil
9.14
11.62
14.91
17.84
18.41
19.31
Oil
6.70
8.22
10.51
10.56
10.12
9.92
Gas
7.99
7.73
7.45
8.40
8.61
8.77
Gas
0.10
0.10
0.85
1.31
1.34
1.44
Electricity
8.26
7.70
8.45
9.03
9.51
9.81
Electricity
2.02
2.48
3.30
3.98
4.11
4.22
Renewables
1.11
3.73
3.53
3.84
4.24
4.08
Renewables
2.34
2.42
2.43
2.53
2.63
2.73
Derived heat & Industrial waste
16.08
9.44
7.25
7.37
7.63
7.33
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.03
0.04
0.13
0.33
0.33
0.34
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
25.34
22.79
18.96
16.53
17.37
17.96
INDUSTRY
4.73
4.97
6.24
5.69
5.69
5.89
TRANSPORT
7.36
8.28
9.20
12.08
13.43
14.80
TRANSPORT
3.74
4.87
6.54
7.06
7.14
7.21
HOUSEHOLDS
18.13
23.30
17.52
18.38
19.33
18.19
HOUSEHOLDS
2.29
2.57
2.80
3.21
3.20
3.22
AGRICULTURE
3.13
4.89
4.68
4.41
3.79
3.49
AGRICULTURE
0.46
0.48
0.71
0.57
0.32
0.26
SERVICES, ETC.
5.80
4.36
5.02
6.51
6.93
6.79
SERVICES, ETC.
0.60
0.90
1.39
2.20
2.19
2.24
Non-Energy Uses
4.21
3.65
4.24
4.39
4.93
4.83
Non-Energy Uses
2.11
1.89
2.36
2.43
1.89
2.17
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
371
368
323
320
332
330
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
46
56
67
73
69
67
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
781
701
489
433
427
400
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
190
204
205
212
196
197
Carbon intensity
3.71
3.68
3.55
3.42
3.38
3.37
Carbon intensity
2.65
2.73
2.69
2.72
2.73
2.58
Import dependency, %
2.2
-0.2
11.2
17.7
19.8
25.5
Import dependency, %
83.5
86.0
85.0
88.4
83.1
82.0
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 646
2 613
2 374
2 452
2 573
2 571
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
1 754
2 041
2 452
2 563
2 394
2 448
CO per capita (kg/cap)
9 807
9 611
8 432
8 390
8 701
8 667
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
4 650
5 574
6 588
6 963
6 545
6 318
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
74
75
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 3
2 . 6 . 2 4
Bulgaria
Romania
Slovenia
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
41.40
32.60
28.80
28.17
28.18
27.90
Production
2.90
3.02
3.09
3.49
3.43
3.45
Solid fuels
7.94
7.89
5.88
5.79
6.48
6.86
Solid fuels
1.43
1.22
1.06
1.18
1.21
1.24
Oil
7.95
7.11
6.42
6.17
5.78
5.00
Oil
0.00
0.00
0.00
Gas
22.91
14.45
10.97
9.70
9.56
9.23
Gas
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
Nuclear
1.41
1.43
1.45
1.99
Nuclear
1.19
1.25
1.23
1.52
1.43
1.47
Renewables
2.61
2.80
4.04
4.98
4.83
4.72
Renewables
0.25
0.54
0.79
0.77
0.77
0.73
Industrial waste
0.36
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.11
Industrial waste
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
Net Imports
22.61
14.53
8.13
10.84
11.90
12.82
Net Imports
2.57
3.06
3.38
3.82
3.84
3.88
Solid fuels
4.68
2.86
1.92
2.94
2.72
3.54
Solid fuels
0.13
0.19
0.24
0.32
0.31
0.34
Oil
11.19
6.85
3.56
3.96
4.76
5.52
Oil
1.80
2.24
2.43
2.60
2.63
2.60
Gas
5.93
4.79
2.71
4.19
4.79
3.87
Gas
0.72
0.75
0.82
0.93
0.90
0.91
Electricity
0.81
0.03
-0.06
-0.25
-0.37
-0.18
Electricity
-0.08
-0.14
-0.11
-0.03
0.00
0.02
Renewables
0.07
Renewables
0.03
0.00
0.01
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
63.74
47.10
37.13
39.25
40.73
40.08
Gross Inland Consumption
5.52
6.11
6.43
7.30
7.34
7.35
Solid fuels
12.37
10.78
7.77
8.80
9.52
10.19
Solid fuels
1.64
1.40
1.30
1.54
1.56
1.61
Oil
19.11
13.89
10.19
10.30
10.83
10.25
Oil
1.75
2.29
2.39
2.55
2.66
2.59
Gas
28.84
19.24
13.68
13.94
14.44
12.98
Gas
0.76
0.75
0.83
0.93
0.90
0.91
Nuclear
1.41
1.43
1.45
1.99
Nuclear
1.19
1.25
1.23
1.52
1.43
1.47
Renewables
2.61
2.80
4.04
4.94
4.78
4.75
Renewables
0.25
0.57
0.79
0.77
0.77
0.73
Other (****)
0.81
0.39
0.04
-0.16
-0.29
-0.07
Other (****)
-0.08
-0.14
-0.11
-0.01
0.02
0.03
Elec. Generation (TWh)
64.31
59.27
51.93
59.41
62.70
61.67
Elec. Generation (TWh)
12.44
12.65
13.62
15.12
15.12
15.04
Coal (TWh)
22.54
20.59
18.93
21.92
25.15
25.10
Coal (TWh)
3.82
4.34
4.61
5.27
5.44
5.48
Oil (TWh)
6.40
5.80
3.40
1.89
1.61
1.10
Oil (TWh)
0.57
0.26
0.06
0.04
0.05
0.03
Gas (TWh)
21.38
16.18
9.38
9.83
11.95
11.77
Gas (TWh)
0.49
0.03
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.45
Nuclear (TWh)
5.46
5.56
5.63
7.71
Nuclear (TWh)
4.62
4.78
4.76
5.88
5.55
5.70
Renewables (TWh) (*)
13.88
16.70
14.78
20.21
18.36
16.01
Renewables (TWh) (*)
2.95
3.24
3.90
3.58
3.70
3.38
Other (TWh) (***)
0.10
0.00
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
0.01
0.01
Final Energy Consumption
37.05
26.79
22.52
24.68
24.77
24.02
Final Energy Consumption
3.37
3.95
4.44
4.89
4.94
4.87
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
3.22
1.70
1.05
1.65
1.57
1.48
Solid fuels
0.24
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
Oil
8.03
5.56
5.30
6.59
6.34
6.87
Oil
1.51
2.11
2.24
2.40
2.45
2.41
Gas
20.50
10.25
6.89
7.72
8.25
7.04
Gas
0.60
0.47
0.57
0.66
0.66
0.65
Electricity
4.69
3.13
2.92
3.34
3.52
3.52
Electricity
0.84
0.81
0.90
1.10
1.13
1.13
Renewables
0.61
1.28
2.74
3.18
3.06
3.28
Renewables
0.26
0.43
0.44
0.42
0.42
Derived heat & Industrial waste
4.88
3.63
2.20
2.04
1.83
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.18
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
25.30
15.03
9.12
9.99
9.56
9.13
INDUSTRY
1.47
1.18
1.42
1.66
1.70
1.60
TRANSPORT
4.41
3.06
3.38
4.20
4.34
4.66
TRANSPORT
0.93
1.33
1.31
1.47
1.55
1.75
HOUSEHOLDS
4.28
6.35
8.43
7.96
7.84
7.51
HOUSEHOLDS
0.85
1.18
1.12
1.19
1.16
1.05
AGRICULTURE
2.24
1.00
0.39
0.21
0.26
0.26
AGRICULTURE
0.02
0.07
0.07
0.07
SERVICES, ETC.
0.81
1.36
1.19
2.31
2.76
2.46
SERVICES, ETC.
0.12
0.26
0.56
0.50
0.46
0.40
Non-Energy Uses
0.92
1.34
2.04
2.47
2.33
2.55
Non-Energy Uses
0.01
0.12
0.24
0.31
0.32
0.31
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
173
130
96
106
112
112
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
15
15
15
17
17
17
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
1 320
1 088
913
731
703
652
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
310
353
300
285
270
253
Carbon intensity
2.72
2.76
2.58
2.71
2.74
2.78
Carbon intensity
2.68
2.47
2.38
2.29
2.32
2.35
Import dependency, %
35.5
30.9
21.9
27.6
29.2
32.0
Import dependency, %
46.6
50.1
52.6
52.3
52.1
52.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 747
2 077
1 654
1 814
1 887
1 860
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
2 763
3 072
3 230
3 648
3 656
3 639
CO per capita (kg/cap)
7 464
5 738
4 268
4 917
5 172
5 176
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
7 418
7 575
7 682
8 364
8 477
8 542
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
76
77
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 5
2 . 6 . 2 6
Slo Bulgaria
vak Republic
Finland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
5.25
4.86
6.07
6.63
6.66
6.02
Production
11.86
13.17
14.99
16.47
18.11
16.08
Solid fuels
1.40
1.02
1.02
0.64
0.56
0.55
Solid fuels
1.58
2.06
1.21
2.13
3.22
1.09
Oil
0.08
0.13
0.16
0.38
0.37
0.40
Oil
0.02
0.04
0.21
0.27
0.32
Gas
0.34
0.26
0.13
0.13
0.18
0.11
Gas
Nuclear
3.10
2.95
4.25
4.57
4.65
3.96
Nuclear
5.01
4.96
5.80
6.00
5.91
6.04
Renewables
0.33
0.50
0.51
0.88
0.89
0.98
Renewables
5.27
6.13
7.74
8.08
8.65
8.59
Industrial waste
0.03
0.02
0.03
Industrial waste
0.21
0.05
0.05
0.05
Net Imports
16.11
12.34
11.58
12.48
12.05
12.47
Net Imports
18.12
15.65
18.59
19.31
20.95
20.47
Solid fuels
6.07
4.13
3.44
3.74
3.60
3.82
Solid fuels
4.38
3.77
3.53
3.34
4.60
4.53
Oil
4.24
3.56
2.67
3.31
3.47
3.52
Oil
10.57
8.31
10.61
10.98
11.57
11.22
Gas
5.35
4.53
5.71
5.75
5.19
4.98
Gas
2.26
2.84
3.42
3.60
3.88
3.72
Electricity
0.45
0.12
-0.23
-0.28
-0.20
0.15
Electricity
0.92
0.72
1.02
1.46
0.98
1.08
Renewables
-0.04
-0.02
0.00
Renewables
-0.08
-0.08
-0.07
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
20.99
17.74
17.54
19.05
18.83
18.07
Gross Inland Consumption
29.05
29.07
32.54
34.67
37.83
37.63
Solid fuels
7.78
5.42
4.26
4.23
4.46
4.01
Solid fuels
5.33
5.95
5.09
4.92
7.45
7.21
Oil
4.24
3.54
2.99
3.75
3.67
3.85
Oil
10.03
8.45
9.27
10.63
10.98
11.01
Gas
5.09
5.22
5.78
5.92
5.38
5.09
Gas
2.26
2.84
3.42
3.60
3.88
3.72
Nuclear
3.10
2.95
4.25
4.57
4.65
3.96
Nuclear
5.01
4.96
5.80
6.00
5.91
6.04
Renewables
0.33
0.50
0.50
0.83
0.86
0.99
Renewables
5.51
6.15
7.74
8.00
8.58
8.52
Other (****)
0.45
0.12
-0.23
-0.25
-0.18
0.18
Other (****)
0.92
0.72
1.23
1.52
1.03
1.13
Elec. Generation (TWh)
24.07
26.31
30.69
31.46
31.37
28.06
Elec. Generation (TWh)
54.36
64.06
69.99
70.55
82.30
81.25
Coal (TWh)
7.51
5.96
5.58
5.54
5.31
4.80
Coal (TWh)
12.75
16.62
12.50
10.97
22.96
21.37
Oil (TWh)
0.81
1.24
0.20
0.74
0.72
0.71
Oil (TWh)
1.68
1.45
0.61
0.50
0.48
0.47
Gas (TWh)
1.20
2.45
3.43
2.63
2.33
2.04
Gas (TWh)
4.83
7.21
10.78
11.94
12.96
11.13
Nuclear (TWh)
12.04
11.44
16.49
17.73
18.01
15.33
Nuclear (TWh)
19.22
19.22
22.48
23.27
22.91
23.42
Renewables (TWh) (*)
1.88
4.96
4.73
4.70
4.83
4.96
Renewables (TWh) (*)
15.89
19.57
23.30
23.56
22.51
24.43
Other (TWh) (***)
0.64
0.27
0.25
0.12
0.17
0.22
Other (TWh) (***)
0.32
0.31
0.48
0.42
Final Energy Consumption
14.81
10.47
10.28
10.60
10.67
10.50
Final Energy Consumption
21.76
22.07
24.17
25.24
26.75
26.58
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
4.37
2.36
1.52
1.51
1.64
1.45
Solid fuels
1.62
1.28
1.10
0.97
0.96
0.93
Oil
3.29
1.62
1.71
2.17
2.11
2.20
Oil
8.13
7.59
7.53
8.00
8.24
8.13
Gas
4.32
3.91
4.54
3.65
3.72
3.52
Gas
1.50
1.52
1.33
1.16
1.28
1.25
Electricity
2.01
1.87
1.89
1.96
2.03
2.11
Electricity
5.07
5.61
6.49
6.96
7.38
7.40
Renewables
0.17
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.33
0.46
Renewables
3.52
3.94
4.93
4.54
4.43
4.50
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.65
0.72
0.62
0.97
0.84
0.76
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.91
2.13
2.80
3.62
4.47
4.37
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
6.76
4.12
3.83
4.47
4.52
4.39
INDUSTRY
9.62
9.99
12.05
12.09
13.36
12.93
TRANSPORT
1.44
1.41
1.45
1.79
1.82
2.02
TRANSPORT
4.32
4.16
4.46
4.82
4.95
5.15
HOUSEHOLDS
2.24
1.98
2.59
2.53
2.32
2.08
HOUSEHOLDS
5.33
5.43
4.54
4.85
4.94
5.01
AGRICULTURE
0.70
0.30
0.21
0.16
0.14
0.14
AGRICULTURE
0.93
0.75
0.75
0.76
0.79
0.79
SERVICES, ETC.
3.67
2.67
2.21
1.64
1.87
1.87
SERVICES, ETC.
1.56
1.73
2.39
2.72
2.71
2.71
Non-Energy Uses
1.39
0.90
1.28
1.26
1.22
1.29
Non-Energy Uses
1.49
1.20
0.95
1.05
0.88
1.43
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
62
44
40
41
40
38
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
59
60
60
59
71
69
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
951
796
680
620
539
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
268
278
246
232
241
230
Carbon intensity
2.96
2.49
2.30
2.14
2.13
2.12
Carbon intensity
2.05
2.06
1.84
1.71
1.88
1.84
Import dependency, %
76.7
69.5
66.0
65.5
64.0
69.0
Import dependency, %
61.2
53.2
56.0
54.9
54.6
53.8
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 960
3 308
3 249
3 537
3 493
3 349
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
5 826
5 691
6 287
6 609
7 183
7 115
CO per capita (kg/cap)
11 717
8 231
7 474
7 579
7 441
7 095
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
11 927
11 715
11 560
11 305
13 475
13 095
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
78
79
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
C O U N T R Y E N E R G Y S TAT I S T I C S
2 . 6 . 2 7
2 . 6 . 2 8
Bulgaria
Sweden
United Kingdom
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
29.66
31.34
30.01
34.21
32.34
33.10
Production
205.94
250.52
269.60
203.29
184.68
174.39
Solid fuels
0.15
0.22
0.16
0.21
0.19
0.15
Solid fuels
54.13
30.52
18.58
12.17
10.67
10.03
Oil
0.00
0.00
Oil
93.25
133.04
128.89
86.71
78.29
78.48
Gas
Gas
40.93
63.71
97.55
79.40
72.01
64.91
Nuclear
17.76
18.04
14.78
18.67
17.28
17.27
Nuclear
16.57
21.25
21.94
21.05
19.46
16.26
Renewables
11.74
13.07
15.04
15.28
14.81
15.64
Renewables
1.05
1.95
2.60
3.60
3.95
4.37
Industrial waste
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.03
Industrial waste
0.02
0.05
0.04
0.35
0.30
0.35
Net Imports
18.04
19.40
19.29
20.18
19.80
18.98
Net Imports
5.72
-36.23
-39.25
32.15
49.37
45.00
Solid fuels
2.40
2.75
2.41
2.56
2.34
2.49
Solid fuels
9.12
10.49
14.58
27.46
31.28
26.90
Oil
15.21
16.04
15.70
17.42
16.06
15.46
Oil
-10.61
-48.77
-45.73
-2.41
7.50
0.75
Gas
0.58
0.75
0.78
0.84
0.88
0.91
Gas
6.18
0.64
-9.31
5.97
9.55
16.63
Electricity
-0.15
-0.14
0.40
-0.64
0.52
0.11
Electricity
1.03
1.40
1.22
0.72
0.65
0.45
Renewables
Renewables
0.41
0.40
0.28
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
47.21
50.40
47.90
51.69
50.34
50.56
Gross Inland Consumption
211.30
218.44
231.87
232.75
229.14
221.09
Solid fuels
2.68
2.89
2.44
2.63
2.69
2.66
Solid fuels
64.30
45.87
36.82
38.16
41.09
38.71
Oil
14.60
15.79
14.43
14.86
14.10
13.94
Oil
81.12
82.81
81.86
82.97
82.26
78.71
Gas
0.58
0.75
0.78
0.84
0.88
0.91
Gas
47.20
65.12
87.40
85.47
81.06
81.96
Nuclear
17.76
18.04
14.78
18.67
17.28
17.27
Nuclear
16.57
21.25
21.94
21.05
19.46
16.26
Renewables
11.74
13.07
15.04
15.28
14.81
15.64
Renewables
1.05
1.95
2.60
4.02
4.32
4.65
Other (****)
-0.15
-0.14
0.43
-0.59
0.58
0.14
Other (****)
1.04
1.45
1.25
1.07
0.95
0.80
Elec. Generation (TWh)
146.92
148.38
145.59
158.44
143.30
148.85
Elec. Generation (TWh)
318.96
334.04
377.07
398.36
397.85
396.14
Coal (TWh)
1.74
2.45
1.64
0.65
0.88
0.65
Coal (TWh)
204.92
157.24
119.95
134.64
149.35
136.69
Oil (TWh)
1.20
3.95
1.73
1.38
1.67
1.08
Oil (TWh)
33.70
12.48
8.45
5.34
5.73
4.69
Gas (TWh)
0.40
1.34
1.42
1.32
1.24
1.48
Gas (TWh)
5.08
66.57
150.43
154.30
142.99
166.11
Nuclear (TWh)
68.19
69.94
57.32
72.38
66.98
66.97
Nuclear (TWh)
65.75
88.96
85.06
81.62
75.45
63.03
Renewables (TWh) (*)
74.63
70.65
83.25
82.05
71.92
78.17
Renewables (TWh) (*)
5.85
6.90
10.38
17.48
18.77
20.37
Other (TWh) (***)
0.76
0.06
0.24
0.67
0.61
0.50
Other (TWh) (***)
3.66
1.89
2.80
4.99
5.56
5.26
Final Energy Consumption
30.55
33.73
34.45
33.74
33.22
33.45
Final Energy Consumption
137.08
142.63
152.18
152.33
150.44
147.93
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
1.23
1.19
1.14
1.35
1.20
1.30
Solid fuels
12.27
8.89
5.68
4.42
4.51
4.62
Oil
12.04
12.60
12.73
11.34
10.66
10.55
Oil
58.90
60.40
62.95
65.91
66.27
65.74
Gas
0.59
0.61
0.67
0.76
0.86
0.76
Gas
41.89
47.14
52.18
50.29
47.98
46.02
Electricity
10.35
10.71
11.07
11.38
11.25
11.42
Electricity
23.60
25.27
28.33
29.79
29.64
29.40
Renewables
4.63
5.07
5.29
4.73
5.07
5.33
Renewables
0.41
0.88
0.57
0.65
0.78
1.02
Derived heat & Industrial waste
1.71
3.54
3.55
4.17
4.18
4.09
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.02
0.05
2.47
1.27
1.25
1.13
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
11.86
12.63
13.16
12.66
12.76
12.83
INDUSTRY
34.98
35.15
36.42
34.42
33.61
32.74
TRANSPORT
7.28
7.68
8.15
8.61
8.57
8.80
TRANSPORT
45.54
47.03
52.31
55.21
55.95
56.21
HOUSEHOLDS
6.54
7.74
7.55
7.30
7.00
6.73
HOUSEHOLDS
37.94
39.57
43.07
43.52
42.14
40.58
AGRICULTURE
0.87
0.84
0.85
0.80
0.78
0.76
AGRICULTURE
1.27
1.27
1.16
0.94
0.86
0.82
SERVICES, ETC.
4.00
4.86
4.74
4.37
4.10
4.34
SERVICES, ETC.
17.35
19.62
19.21
18.25
17.88
17.58
Non-Energy Uses
1.79
1.79
1.47
2.26
2.39
2.43
Non-Energy Uses
11.37
12.76
11.32
11.24
10.98
8.86
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
60
63
60
62
62
61
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
611
577
586
595
594
585
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
216
223
180
171
160
156
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
169
161
145
129
123
115
Carbon intensity
1.27
1.25
1.25
1.19
1.23
1.21
Carbon intensity
2.89
2.64
2.53
2.56
2.59
2.65
Import dependency, %
37.7
37.7
39.2
37.6
37.8
36.1
Import dependency, %
2.7
-16.4
-16.8
13.7
21.3
20.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
5 516
5 710
5 399
5 724
5 544
5 527
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 692
3 765
3 938
3 865
3 782
3 637
CO per capita (kg/cap)
6 989
7 129
6 770
6 813
6 813
6 694
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
10 677
9 950
9 952
9 880
9 807
9 626
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
80
81
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
2 . 7
2 . 7 . 2
2 . 7 . 1
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Croatia
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
1.70
1.60
1.58
1.62
1.62
Production
2.58
4.15
3.57
3.78
4.13
4.03
Solid fuels
1.30
1.29
Solid fuels
0.10
0.05
Oil
Oil
1.78
1.33
1.02
0.98
0.94
Gas
Gas
1.62
1.61
1.35
1.87
2.22
2.36
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
Renewables
0.86
0.72
0.88
0.90
0.93
0.74
Industrial waste
Industrial waste
Net Imports
1.10
1.10
1.20
1.26
1.32
Net Imports
1.81
2.92
4.18
5.25
4.88
5.34
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.62
0.16
0.48
0.62
0.69
0.70
Oil
Oil
2.24
2.45
3.63
3.56
3.88
Gas
Gas
0.58
0.22
0.91
0.56
0.19
0.25
Electricity
Electricity
0.61
0.30
0.34
0.44
0.48
0.55
Renewables
Renewables
-0.05
-0.04
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
2.70
2.80
2.70
2.87
2.93
Gross Inland Consumption
4.49
7.09
7.83
8.93
8.96
9.35
Solid fuels
Solid fuels
0.82
0.19
0.44
0.68
0.63
0.69
Oil
Oil
3.95
3.96
4.53
4.61
4.72
Gas
Gas
2.19
1.93
2.21
2.38
2.35
2.70
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
Renewables
0.86
0.72
0.88
0.90
0.88
0.69
Other (****)
Other (****)
0.61
0.30
0.34
0.44
0.48
0.55
Elec. Generation (TWh)
6.10
6.80
6.90
7.00
Elec. Generation (TWh)
8.69
8.86
10.70
12.46
12.43
12.25
Coal (TWh)
Coal (TWh)
0.60
0.24
1.55
2.33
2.26
2.42
Oil (TWh)
Oil (TWh)
2.95
2.46
1.69
1.86
1.96
2.32
Gas (TWh)
Gas (TWh)
1.39
0.89
1.57
1.81
2.06
3.06
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
3.75
5.27
5.88
6.36
6.03
4.28
Other (TWh) (***)
Other (TWh) (***)
0.01
0.02
0.11
0.12
0.17
Final Energy Consumption
3.36
4.48
5.35
6.33
6.44
6.46
Final Energy Consumption
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.51
0.12
0.07
0.15
0.13
0.15
Solid fuels
Oil
2.09
2.67
3.09
3.22
3.24
Oil
Gas
0.89
0.91
1.01
1.24
1.20
1.20
Gas
Electricity
1.14
0.85
1.01
1.23
1.29
1.32
Electricity
Renewables
0.54
0.26
0.37
0.35
0.36
0.32
Renewables
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.29
0.25
0.21
0.26
0.23
0.22
Derived heat & Industrial waste
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
1.67
1.26
1.39
1.58
1.64
1.65
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
0.03
1.19
1.53
1.91
2.03
2.17
TRANSPORT
HOUSEHOLDS
1.30
1.40
1.66
1.93
1.86
1.72
HOUSEHOLDS
AGRICULTURE
0.03
0.20
0.29
0.24
0.24
0.24
AGRICULTURE
SERVICES, ETC.
0.33
0.43
0.47
0.67
0.67
0.67
SERVICES, ETC.
Non-Energy Uses
0.37
0.82
0.68
0.71
0.69
0.76
Non-Energy Uses
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
24
17
20
24
24
25
2
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
359
339
310
296
293
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
710
685
673
Carbon intensity
5.25
2.43
2.58
2.66
2.66
2.69
CO intensity (tCO /toe)
2
2
Import dependency, %
40.2
41.0
53.3
58.6
54.3
56.9
Import dependency, %
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
939
1 549
1 764
2 011
2 018
2 107
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
CO per capita (kg/cap)
4 927
3 759
4 546
5 340
5 362
5 673
2
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
82
83
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
2 . 7 . 3
2 . 7 . 4
Bulgaria
Turkey
Iceland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
25.97
26.54
26.82
23.65
26.57
27.31
Production
1.40
1.57
2.31
2.64
3.26
Solid fuels
12.41
12.08
13.36
10.48
13.08
14.79
Solid fuels
Oil
3.72
3.53
2.77
2.27
2.17
2.15
Oil
Gas
0.17
0.15
0.53
0.74
0.75
0.74
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
9.66
10.78
10.15
10.13
10.54
9.60
Renewables
1.40
1.57
2.31
2.64
3.26
Industrial waste
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
Industrial waste
Net Imports
27.35
36.88
51.06
62.14
69.29
76.10
Net Imports
0.79
0.80
1.04
1.06
1.10
Solid fuels
4.21
4.48
9.25
11.72
13.58
14.64
Solid fuels
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
Oil
20.52
26.80
29.47
28.39
30.68
31.83
Oil
0.73
0.75
0.94
0.96
1.00
Gas
2.68
5.67
12.05
22.13
25.18
29.77
Gas
Electricity
-0.06
-0.06
0.29
-0.10
-0.14
-0.13
Electricity
Renewables
Renewables
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
52.37
62.16
77.62
85.34
94.66
101.51
Gross Inland Consumption
2.16
2.32
3.23
3.62
4.35
Solid fuels
16.92
16.62
23.35
22.30
26.59
29.39
Solid fuels
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
Oil
23.00
29.04
31.19
30.20
31.67
32.20
Oil
0.70
0.70
0.83
0.88
0.99
Gas
2.86
5.79
12.64
22.79
25.97
30.42
Gas
Nuclear
Nuclear
Renewables
9.66
10.78
10.15
10.13
10.54
9.60
Renewables
1.40
1.57
2.31
2.64
3.26
Other (****)
-0.06
-0.06
0.30
-0.07
-0.12
-0.10
Other (****)
Elec. Generation (TWh)
57.54
86.25
124.92
161.96
176.30
191.56
Elec. Generation (TWh)
4.51
4.98
7.68
8.69
9.93
Coal (TWh)
20.18
27.41
37.33
42.20
45.61
52.33
Coal (TWh)
Oil (TWh)
3.94
5.77
9.31
5.48
4.34
6.53
Oil (TWh)
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
Gas (TWh)
10.19
17.22
47.07
74.44
81.73
96.12
Gas (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
Renewables (TWh) (*)
23.23
35.85
31.15
39.75
44.52
36.46
Renewables (TWh) (*)
4.50
4.97
7.68
8.68
9.93
Other (TWh) (***)
0.05
0.09
0.10
0.12
Other (TWh) (***)
Final Energy Consumption
38.58
44.72
55.48
63.24
69.05
72.83
Final Energy Consumption
1.65
1.71
2.12
2.20
2.38
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
8.04
6.67
10.78
11.28
13.30
14.46
Solid fuels
0.06
0.06
0.10
0.10
0.10
Oil
17.92
22.44
23.20
23.24
23.03
23.48
Oil
0.60
0.63
0.70
0.72
0.79
Gas
1.16
2.64
5.53
10.18
12.99
14.41
Gas
Electricity
3.87
5.60
8.24
11.05
12.15
13.12
Electricity
0.34
0.37
0.59
0.67
0.77
Renewables
7.60
7.37
7.34
6.63
6.63
6.33
Renewables
0.55
0.48
0.55
0.52
0.50
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.39
0.85
0.96
1.03
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.10
0.18
0.17
0.20
0.21
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
12.03
13.23
21.01
22.49
24.72
24.86
INDUSTRY
0.42
0.44
0.72
0.77
0.85
TRANSPORT
9.39
11.93
12.24
13.40
14.88
16.95
TRANSPORT
0.28
0.27
0.34
0.36
0.48
HOUSEHOLDS
14.56
15.78
17.00
19.31
20.08
20.73
HOUSEHOLDS
0.58
0.57
0.60
0.61
0.62
AGRICULTURE
1.95
2.65
2.92
3.30
3.53
3.87
AGRICULTURE
0.28
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.26
SERVICES, ETC.
0.66
1.12
2.31
4.74
5.84
6.43
SERVICES, ETC.
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.17
Non-Energy Uses
2.81
3.83
3.52
4.43
5.77
5.84
Non-Energy Uses
0.07
0.07
0.13
0.16
0.19
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
140
172
224
256
274
304
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
259
262
268
236
244
250
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
295
313
343
311
358
Carbon intensity
2.67
2.76
2.88
3.00
2.89
3.00
Carbon intensity
1.15
1.16
1.05
0.94
0.85
Import dependency, %
52.1
59.2
65.4
71.9
72.5
74.4
Import dependency, %
36.0
33.9
31.4
28.9
25.1
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
933
1 006
1 151
1 184
1 297
1 438
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
8 482
8 675
11 503
12 185
14 315
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2 486
2 782
3 320
3 558
3 751
4 314
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
9 726
10 068
12 046
11 445
12 097
13 105
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
84
85
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
C A N D I D AT E C O U N T R I E S A N D OT H E R E U R O P E A N C O U N T R I E S
2 . 7 . 5
2 . 7 . 6
Bulgaria
Norway
Switzerland
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Mtoe
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
Production
120.32
182.06
225.00
234.04
223.66
216.03
Production
9.63
10.68
11.37
10.79
12.04
12.52
Solid fuels
0.20
0.19
0.43
0.99
1.61
2.68
Solid fuels
Oil
84.50
142.03
165.45
143.77
132.02
122.37
Oil
Gas
24.15
28.26
45.82
76.28
78.41
78.08
Gas
0.00
Nuclear
Nuclear
6.10
6.42
6.82
6.02
7.18
7.20
Renewables
11.47
11.57
13.30
12.99
11.61
12.88
Renewables
3.37
4.05
4.28
4.49
4.58
5.04
Industrial waste
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
Industrial waste
0.16
0.20
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.28
Net Imports
-96.39 -157.12 -198.28 -200.64 -197.56 -188.45
Net Imports
14.96
13.72
14.08
16.24
16.11
14.12
Solid fuels
0.67
0.85
0.60
-0.41
-0.90
-1.55
Solid fuels
0.34
0.16
0.19
0.10
0.16
0.21
Oil
-73.52 -132.61 -155.06 -128.10 -123.09 -112.84
Oil
13.16
11.98
12.06
12.82
13.01
11.44
Gas
-22.17
-24.80
-42.19
-71.12
-73.68
-73.26
Gas
1.63
2.20
2.43
2.78
2.71
2.63
Electricity
-1.37
-0.57
-1.64
-1.04
0.07
-0.86
Electricity
-0.18
-0.63
-0.61
0.55
0.23
-0.18
Renewables
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
Renewables
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
Derived heat
Derived heat
Gross Inland Consumption
21.61
23.74
26.12
32.27
25.04
27.69
Gross Inland Consumption
24.69
24.70
25.86
26.89
28.10
26.90
Solid fuels
0.86
1.02
1.08
0.78
0.71
0.75
Solid fuels
0.36
0.19
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.17
Oil
8.67
8.26
9.74
14.34
7.86
10.02
Oil
13.24
12.26
12.52
12.61
12.95
11.74
Gas
1.98
3.46
3.63
5.16
4.74
4.82
Gas
1.63
2.20
2.43
2.78
2.71
2.63
Nuclear
Nuclear
6.10
6.42
6.82
6.02
7.18
7.20
Renewables
11.47
11.57
13.30
13.01
11.64
12.94
Renewables
3.39
4.06
4.28
4.49
4.58
5.05
Other (****)
-1.37
-0.57
-1.63
-1.02
0.09
-0.84
Other (****)
-0.02
-0.42
-0.34
0.83
0.53
0.10
Elec. Generation (TWh)
121.85
123.01
143.03
138.06
121.58
137.47
Elec. Generation (TWh)
56.18
63.03
67.52
59.61
64.04
67.95
Coal (TWh)
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
Coal (TWh)
0.04
0.00
Oil (TWh)
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
Oil (TWh)
0.39
0.37
0.23
0.19
0.18
0.19
Gas (TWh)
0.33
0.33
0.47
0.57
0.82
Gas (TWh)
0.33
0.72
0.86
0.87
0.79
0.75
Nuclear (TWh)
Nuclear (TWh)
23.64
24.90
26.45
23.34
27.82
27.93
Renewables (TWh) (*)
121.04
121.67
139.12
136.55
120.43
135.27
Renewables (TWh) (*)
30.55
36.16
38.33
33.07
33.04
37.37
Other (TWh) (***)
0.81
0.96
3.53
0.98
0.51
1.30
Other (TWh) (***)
1.23
0.89
1.67
2.14
2.21
1.72
Final Energy Consumption
16.12
16.87
18.13
18.48
18.36
18.84
Final Energy Consumption
18.91
19.55
20.43
21.74
21.65
21.14
by fuel/product
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
0.79
0.95
0.99
0.71
0.61
0.68
Solid fuels
0.34
0.19
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.17
Oil
6.00
5.88
6.19
6.73
6.95
7.03
Oil
12.06
11.97
12.31
12.10
11.97
11.48
Gas
0.02
0.02
0.20
0.25
0.27
0.30
Gas
1.54
2.08
2.29
2.64
2.57
2.53
Electricity
8.32
8.92
9.42
9.52
9.23
9.51
Electricity
4.04
4.19
4.50
4.93
4.97
4.94
Renewables
0.90
0.99
1.20
1.06
1.06
1.07
Renewables
0.53
0.66
0.64
1.27
1.34
1.41
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.07
0.11
0.13
0.21
0.23
0.25
Derived heat & Industrial waste
0.40
0.47
0.55
0.63
0.64
0.61
by sector
by sector
INDUSTRY
6.08
6.17
7.00
6.57
6.33
6.33
INDUSTRY
3.36
3.60
3.97
4.12
4.18
4.09
TRANSPORT
4.14
4.21
4.49
4.93
5.13
5.43
TRANSPORT
6.16
6.31
7.24
7.01
7.10
7.28
HOUSEHOLDS
3.60
3.86
3.82
3.83
3.81
3.88
HOUSEHOLDS
5.22
5.88
5.55
6.22
6.09
5.62
AGRICULTURE
0.27
0.65
0.77
0.75
0.75
0.68
AGRICULTURE
0.20
0.27
0.14
0.13
0.14
0.13
SERVICES, ETC.
2.03
1.96
2.04
2.39
2.34
2.52
SERVICES, ETC.
3.98
3.48
3.53
4.26
4.14
4.02
Non-Energy Uses
1.83
1.63
1.92
2.45
2.47
2.67
Non-Energy Uses
0.56
0.51
0.56
0.55
0.60
0.57
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
37
41
45
46
47
48
CO Emissions (Mt) (**)
2
2
48
47
49
50
49
48
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
170
156
143
158
120
129
Energy intensity (toe/M€ '00)
101
101
95
93
94
87
Carbon intensity
1.71
1.71
1.73
1.43
1.87
1.74
Carbon intensity
1.93
1.90
1.88
1.84
1.75
1.77
Import dependency, %
-437.1
-642.9
-736.0
-608.8
-773.6
-664.9
Import dependency, %
60.5
55.5
54.4
60.4
57.3
52.5
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
5 095
5 447
5 816
6 981
5 372
5 884
Energy per capita (kgoe/cap)
3 633
3 519
3 610
3 627
3 767
3 583
CO per capita (kg/cap)
8 698
9 329
10 044
10 007
10 050
10 249
CO per capita (kg/cap)
2
2
6 999
6 693
6 778
6 679
6 602
6 333
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
Notes: (*) not including pumping; (**) Source: European Environment Agency,
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
July 2009; Including Bunkers; (***) Pumped Storage Plants and
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
Other Power Stations; (****) Electrical Energy and Industrial Waste.
86
87
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
2 . 8
W O R L D C O N T E X T
W O R L D C O N T E X T
2 . 8 . 1
2 . 8 . 1
Gross Inland Consumption
BY COUNTRY SHARES, %
Gross Inland Consumption
BY COUNTRY Mtoe
tes
*
tes
*7
o
a
*
ed Sta
2
re
azil
xic
*
o
U
anada
thers
ed Sta
7
a
WORLD
Unit
E
China (*)
Russia
India
Japan
C
Ko
Br
Me
O
2
re
xic
U
anada
azil
thers
1990
100.0
21.8
19.0
10.0
9.9
3.6
5.0
2.4
1.1
1.6
1.4
24.3
WORLD
Unit
E
China (*)
Russia
India
Japan
C
Ko
Br
Me
O
1990
1991
100.0
21.8
18.8
9.8
9.7
3.7
5.0
2.4
1.1
1.6
1.4
24.6
8 762 1 913 1 662
872
870
318
438
209
93
140
121 2 126
1991
8 844 1 929 1 665
866
859
331
443
208
100
142
126 2 175
1992
100.0
22.2
18.4
10.1
8.8
3.9
5.1
2.4
1.3
1.6
1.5
24.6
1992
8 842 1 966 1 630
866
779
344
453
213
111
144
129 2 177
1993
100.0
22.5
18.2
10.6
8.3
3.9
5.1
2.5
1.4
1.6
1.4
24.4
1993
8 930 2 006 1 628
866
742
352
456
220
124
147
129 2 177
1994
100.0
22.7
18.0
11.0
7.2
4.1
5.3
2.5
1.5
1.7
1.5
24.5
1994
9 006 2 046 1 623
866
649
365
481
228
134
155
133 2 202
1995
100.0
22.4
18.0
11.5
6.8
4.2
5.3
2.5
1.6
1.7
1.4
24.6
1995
9 227 2 071 1 663
866
624
385
493
231
147
160
129 2 265
1996
100.0
22.4
18.1
11.6
6.5
4.2
5.3
2.5
1.7
1.8
1.4
24.5
1996
9 475 2 123 1 720
866
618
398
504
236
160
169
133 2 320
1997
100.0
22.4
17.8
11.5
6.2
4.3
5.3
2.5
1.8
1.9
1.4
24.8
1997
9 565 2 145 1 704
866
591
414
509
239
174
178
138 2 376
1998
100.0
22.5
17.9
11.4
6.0
4.4
5.2
2.5
1.7
1.9
1.5
25.0
1998
9 615 2 163 1 723
866
578
423
500
237
159
182
144 2 408
1999
100.0
22.6
17.5
11.2
6.1
4.6
5.2
2.5
1.8
1.9
1.5
25.1
1999
9 806 2 220 1 711
866
599
448
508
244
176
187
147 2 465
2000
100.0
22.8
17.2
11.0
6.1
4.6
5.2
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
25.4
2000 10 019 2 283 1 724
866
610
457
518
251
189
189
147 2 544
2001
100.0
22.3
17.5
11.0
6.1
4.6
5.1
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
25.6
2001 10 051 2 239 1 763
866
617
464
509
248
191
190
149 2 577
2002
100.0
22.1
17.1
11.6
6.0
4.6
5.0
2.4
2.0
1.9
1.5
25.9
2002 10 271 2 269 1 758
866
614
476
509
249
202
196
154 2 656
2003
100.0
21.3
17.0
12.7
6.0
4.6
4.7
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
25.9
2003 10 628 2 264 1 803
866
636
489
505
262
206
199
158 2 755
2004
100.0
20.8
16.4
14.1
5.7
4.6
4.7
2.4
1.9
1.9
1.5
26.0
2004 11 123 2 311 1 824
866
638
517
521
268
211
210
163 2 889
2005
100.0
20.3
16.0
14.9
5.7
4.7
4.5
2.4
1.8
1.9
1.5
26.2
2005 11 425 2 323 1 826
866
651
534
519
272
210
216
175 2 996
2006
100.0
19.6
15.6
15.9
5.7
4.8
4.4
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.5
26.5
2006 11 720 2 303 1 826
866
671
561
518
269
214
223
175 3 102
2007
100.0
19.5
15.0
16.4
5.6
4.9
4.3
2.2
1.8
2.0
1.5
26.8
2007 12 029 2 340 1 806
866
672
595
514
269
222
236
184 3 221
United States • EU-27 • China • Russia • India • Japan • Canada • Korea • Brazil • Mexico
2.40
2.30
UNITED STATES
2.20
EU27
2.10
2.00
CHINA
1.90
26.8 %
19.5 %
1.80
RUSSIA
1.70
1.60
INDIA
1.50
YEAR
JAPAN
1.40
1.5 %
2007
15.0 %
1.30
CANADA
2.0 %
1.20
1.10
1.8 %
KOREA
1.00
2.2 %
4.3 %
BRAZIL
0.90
16.4 %
0.80
4.9 %
MEXICO
0.70
5.6 %
1990
OTHERS
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
88
89
S o u rce : O E C D
S o u rce : O E C D
E N E R G Y
E N E R G Y
W O R L D C O N T E X T
W O R L D C O N T E X T
2 . 8 . 2
2 . 8 . 2
Gross I
Gr
nland C
oss Inland C onsumption
onsumption
Gross Inland Consumption
BY FUEL / PRODUC T 2007
GRAPHS
ALL
0.3 %
in Mtoe PRODUCTS Solids
Oil
Gas Nuclear Hydro Biomass Other
United
UNITED STATES
0.9 %
2 340
554
910
538
218
21
82
16
SOLIDS in %
States
EU27 **
0.4 %
EU-27 (**)
1 806
331
657
432
241
27
98
20
1.8 %
13.7 %
JAPAN
17.4 %
Japan
514
115
230
83
69
6
7
4
Russia
672
102
132
366
42
15
7
8
RUSSIA
China (*)
1 970
1 293
358
61
16
42
195
5
CHINA *
7.6 %
India
595
242
141
33
4
11
162
2
YEAR
10.4 %
INDIA
Korea
222
56
94
31
37
0
3
0
2007
KOREA
Brazil
236
14
93
18
3
32
72
4
BRAZIL
3.6 %
Canada
269
30
94
79
24
32
12
-2
CANADA
40.6 %
Mexico
184
9
105
51
3
2
8
6
3.2 %
Others
3 221
436
1 276
827
51
76
531
26
MEXICO
World
12 029
3 182
4 090
2 520
709
265
1 176
87
OTHERS
in %
United
100.0
23.7
38.9
23.0
9.3
0.9
3.5
0.7
States
EU-27 (**)
100.0
18.3
36.4
23.9
13.4
1.5
5.4
1.1
OIL in %
Japan
100.0
22.3
44.8
16.2
13.4
1.2
1.4
0.7
22.2 %
Russia
100.0
15.2
19.7
54.4
6.3
2.3
1.0
1.2
31.2 %
China (*)
100.0
65.6
18.2
3.1
0.8
2.1
9.9
0.2
India
100.0
40.8
23.7
5.6
0.7
1.8
27.2
0.3
YEAR
Korea
100.0
25.3
42.5
14.0
16.8
0.1
1.2
0.0
2007
Brazil
100.0
5.8
39.3
7.5
1.4
13.7
30.7
1.7
16.1 %
2.6 %
Canada
100.0
11.2
35.1
29.3
9.0
11.8
4.3
-0.7
2.3 %
Mexico
100.0
4.9
56.9
27.4
1.5
1.3
4.5
3.5
2.3 %
Others
100.0
13.5
39.6
25.7
1.6
2.4
16.5
0.8
2.3 %
8.8 %
5.6 %
World
100.0
26.5
34.0
20.9
5.9
2.2
9.8
0.7
3.4 %
0.7 %
GROSS INLAND
3.2 %
CONSUMPTION WORLD
2.2 %
GAS in %
9.8 %
SOLIDS
21.4 %
26.5%
5.9 %
OIL
32.8 %
GAS
YEAR
NUCLEAR
YEAR
2007
2007
20.9 %
HYDRO
2.0 %
17.2 %
BIOMASS
3.1 %
34.0 %
OTHER
0.7 %
1.2 %
14.5 %
1.3 %
2.4 %
3.3 %
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
(**) Source: Eurostat, May 2009.
90
91
S o u rce : O E C D
S o u rce : O E C D
E N E R G Y
W O R L D C O N T E X T
2 . 8 . 3
PART 3
Energy Intensity
toe/mio €
TRANSPORT
tes
* *
o
ed Sta
7
a
2
re
xic
U
azil
anada
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
1990
471
355
233
139 2 943 2 040 1 543
429
366
502
350
1991
471
358
229
136 3 061 1 870 1 583
421
366
512
351
1992
458
354
221
138 3 257 1 713 1 557
442
366
519
344
1993
458
351
216
138 3 388 1 609 1 517
467
366
525
338
1994
445
344
209
144 3 388 1 504 1 478
462
366
518
334
1995
445
340
209
145 3 401 1 465 1 452
464
353
510
345
1996
445
336
212
144 3 505 1 400 1 400
474
366
514
339
1997
432
324
204
143 3 296 1 282 1 400
493
379
498
329
1998
419
314
200
144 3 401 1 216 1 347
484
392
476
327
1999
419
308
193
146 3 322 1 138 1 321
488
392
464
322
2000
405
306
187
145 3 074 1 059 1 295
483
379
453
303
2001
405
298
188
143 2 956
981 1 256
471
379
440
307
2002
405
297
185
142 2 812
981 1 243
464
379
428
314
2003
405
289
187
139 2 708 1 020 1 177
459
379
442
319
2004
419
284
185
139 2 538 1 073 1 151
450
379
440
316
2005
405
278
181
136 2 433 1 059 1 086
430
379
433
328
2006
405
268
176
133 2 328 1 046 1 033
416
379
416
313
2007
392
267
169
129 2 171
981 1 007
412
379
405
319
United States • EU-27 • Japan • Russia • China • India • Korea • Brazil • Canada • Mexico
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: Eurostat.
92
S o u rce : O E C D
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
3 . 1
PART 3
3 . 1 . 1
SUMMARY
Statistical Overview EU Transport
Gross Value Added:
3.1 GENERAL ............................................................................................... 95
With around € 500 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices,
the provision of transport services (including storage, warehousing
and other auxiliary activities) accounted for about 4.6 % of total GVA
3.2 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT
in the EU-27 in 2007. It should be noted, however, that this figure only
includes the GVA of companies whose main activity is the provision
of transport (and transport-related) services and that own account
EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES ............................. 107
transport operations are not included.
Employment:
In 2007, the transport services sector in the EU-27 employed more than
3.3 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT
9.2 million persons, some 4.4 % of the total workforce. Almost two thirds
(63 %) of them worked in land transport (road, rail, inland waterways),
EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES ................. 117
2 % in sea transport, 5 % in air transport and 30 % in supporting and
auxiliary transport activities (such as cargo handling, storage and ware-
housing, travel and transport agencies, tour operators).
3.4 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER
Household expenditure:
In 2008, private households in the EU-27 spent € 945 billion or roughly
13.4 % of their total consumption on transport-related items.
TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS .................. 126
Close to one third of this sum (around € 279 billion) was used to purchase
vehicles, slightly more than half (€ 492 billion) was spent on the operation
of personal transport equipment (e.g. to buy fuel for the car) and the
remainder (€ 174 billion) was spent for transport services (e.g. bus, train,
3.5 INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................... 147
plane tickets).
Goods transport:
In 2008, total goods transport activities in the EU27 are estimated to
3.6 MEANS
OF
TRANSPORT .......................................................... 155
have amounted to 4 091 billion tkm. This figure includes intra-EU air
and sea transport but not transport activities between the EU and
the rest of the world. Road transport accounted for 45.9 % of this total,
rail for 10.8 %, inland waterways for 3.6 % and oil pipelines for 3.0 %.
3.7 SAFETY ................................................................................................. 173
Intra-EU maritime transport was the second most important mode
with a share of 36.6 % while intra-EU air transport only accounted for 0.1 %
of the total.
Passenger transport:
In 2008, total passenger transport activities in the EU27 by any motorized
means of transport are estimated to have amounted to 6 527 billion pkm
or on average 13.138 km per person. This figure includes intra-EU air and
sea transport but not transport activities between the EU and the rest
of the world. Passenger cars accounted for 72.4 % of this total, powered
two-wheelers for 2.4 %, buses & coaches for 8.4 %, railways for 6.3 % and
tram and metro for 1.4 %. Intra-EU air and intra-EU maritime transport
contributed 8.6 % and 0.6 % respectively.
Safety:
Road: 38 875 persons were killed in road accidents (fatalities within
30 days) in 2008, 8.5 % fewer than in 2007 (when 42 496 people
lost their lives). In comparison with 2000, the number of road
fatalities was lower by almost a third (31.1 %).
Rail: 83 passengers lost their lives in 2008; this figure does not include
casualties among railway employees or other people run over
by trains.
Air:
In 2009, 228 people were killed on board an EU carrier and 9 people
lost their lives in air crashes over EU territory. All 228 people who
died on board an EU carrier were in Air France Flight 447 that
crashed into the Atlantic Ocean on 1 June 2009.
94
95
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 2
3 . 1 . 3
Road transport
Transport Growth EU-27
SPEED LIMITS, BLOOD ALCOHOL LIMITS
SPEED LIMIT, CARS IN GENERAL, km/h:
Blood alcohol
YEAR
limit, grams of
1995 PASSENGERS, GOODS, GDP 19952008
Outside
alcohol in 1 litre
= 100
Built-up areas
built-up areas
Motorways
of blood
BE
30-50
90-120
120
0.5
140
BG
50
90
130
0.5
135
CZ
50
90
130
0.0
DK
50
80
110-130
0.5
130
DE
30-50
100
(130)
0.5
125
EE
50
90-110
110
0.2
IE
50
80-100
120
0.8
120
EL
50
90-110
130
0.5
115
ES
50
90-100
120
0.5
FR
50
80-110
110-130
0.5
110
IT
50
90-110
130-150
0.5
105
CY
50
80
100
0.5
LV
50
90
110
0.5
100
LT
50
70-90
110-130
0.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
LU
50
90
130
0.5
HU
50
90-110
130
0.0
MT
50
60-80
-
0.8
PASSENGERS 1 (pkm)
NL
30-50-70
80-100
100-120
0.5
GOODS 2 (tkm)
AT
50
100
130
0.5
GDP (at constant 2000 prices)
PL
50-60
90-110
130
0.2
PT
50
90-100
120
0.5
RO
50
90-100
130
0.0
SI
30-50
90-100
130
0.5
ANNUAL GROWTH RATES EU27
SK
50
90
130
0.0
FI
40-50
80-100
100-120
0.5
1995-2008
2000-2008
2007-2008
p.a.
p.a.
SE
30-50
70-90
100-120
0.2
UK
32-48
96-112
112
0.8
GDP at year 2000 prices
2.3 %
2.0 %
0.7 %
HR
50
90-100
130
0.0
and exchange rates
MK
60
80-100
120
0.5
Passenger transport
TR
50
90
130
0.5
1.6 %
1.2 %
-0.3 %
(pkm)
IS
30-50
80-90
-
0.5
NO
30-50-70
80
90-100
0.2
Freight transport (tkm)
2.3 %
2.0 %
-2.1 %
CH
30-50
80
120
0.5
Notes: UK, IE, CY and MT drive on the left hand side of the road, the other Member
Notes: GDP: at constant year 2000 prices and exchange rates.
States drive on the right hand side (SE since 3.9.1967).
(1) Passenger cars, powered two-wheelers, buses & coaches,
Signs in UK are in miles per hour.
tram & metro, railways, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea.
The higher figure shown in the 'outside built-up areas' column generally refers
(2) Road, rail, inland waterways, oil pipelines, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea.
to the speed limit on dual carriageways that are not motorways.
Speed limits:
DE: Motorways: No general speed limit, recommended speed limit is
130 km/h (more than half the network has a speed limit of 120 km/h or less).
FR: Dual carriageways 110 km/h. If road is wet: motorways 110 km/h,
dual carriageways 90 km/h, other roads outside built-up areas 80 km/h.
IT: 150 km/h on certain 2x3 lane motorways.
FI: in winter 100 km/h on motorways, 80 km/h on other roads.
PL: Built-up areas: 50 km/h from 05h00 to 23h00, 60 km/h from 23h00 to 05h00.
Blood alcohol limits:
In many countries, special (more restrictive) rules apply to novice
(i.e. new, unexperienced) and professional drivers.
96
97
S o u rce : N a t i o n a l s o u rce s, I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 1 . 4
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 5
Road transport
Employment by Mode of Transport
MAXIMUM GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT
(in 1 000) 2007
ARTICU
t
XLE
LATED
y
PER
A
PER
XLE
LORRIES
ROAD TRAIN
VEHI
t
A
CLES
t
t
tivities
ater t
ators
t ac
WEIGHT
DRIVE
5 axles
5 axles
BEARING
WEIGHT
anspor
tonnes
2 axles
3 axles
4 axles and more and more
L
ays
A
anspor
AD
AD
BE
10
12
19
26
39
44
44 (2)
eight transpor
ailw
ipelines
anspor
ther (*) auxiliar anspor
TOT
RO
ea tr
fr
RO
passenger transpor
R
P
Inland w tr
S
Air tr
Travel agencies & tour oper
O tr
BG
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
CZ
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
44 (1)
42 - 48
EU-27
9 212.7 2 963.1 1 960.5
864.4
12.0
43.4
184.0
409.1
490.0 2 286.2
DK
10 /
24 / 26
10
18
38
42 - 48
42 - 48
EU-15
7 302.3 2 293.5 1 522.8
506.9
6.0
34.5
166.3
379.2
420.9 1 972.2
11.5 (3)
(1) (3)
DE
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
EU-12
1 910.4
669.6
437.7
357.5
6.0
8.9
17.7
29.8
69.1
314.0
EE
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
BE
195.6
65.5
34.1
27.1
0.1
1.2
0.9
5.9
8.2
52.5
IE
10
11.5 (7)
18
26 (1)
36
44 (1)
44 (1)
BG
144.2
37.6
35.9
17.9
0.0
1.7
4.8
2.7
6.2
37.4
EL
7 / 10
13
19
26
33
40
40
ES
10
11.5
18
26
36
40
42 - 44
CZ
274.7
115.0
44.2
59.2
0.2
0.8
0.0
5.5
11.8
38.1
FR
13
13
19
26
38
40
40
DK
137.0
41.2
30.5
8.3
0.1
0.1
13.5
6.3
6.8
30.2
IT
12
12
18
26 (1)
40
44
44
DE
1 374.3
318.0
302.8
79.4
0.7
9.0
31.1
57.3
67.8
508.1
CY
LV
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
40
40
40
EE
38.6
14.9
5.9
3.4
0.0
0.1
1.1
0.7
1.8
10.7
LT
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40 40 - 44 (8)
IE
65.3
17.5
12.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
3.5
4.7
5.7
16.3
LU
10
12 (9)
19
26
44
44
44
EL
196.4
42.8
75.0
7.4
0.1
0.0
18.5
3.8
14.6
34.2
HU
10
11.5
18
25
30
40
40 (6)
MT
10
11.5
18
25
36
40
40 (6)
ES
929.2
415.7
179.2
20.6
0.0
0.3
7.6
38.8
58.2
208.7
NL
10
11.5
21.5
33
40
50
50
FR
1 218.0
368.1
291.1
169.4
1.3
3.8
14.2
73.2
42.9
254.2
AT
10
11.5
18
26
36
40
40
IT
984.8
346.3
150.9
64.1
3.0
3.0
25.7
22.5
47.3
321.9
PL
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
PT
10
12
19
26
37 (10)
40
40
CY
19.6
2.5
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.1
2.2
2.7
4.7
RO
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
LV
70.7
20.6
14.5
14.0
0.4
0.0
0.8
1.2
2.2
17.0
SI
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
LT
92.4
43.3
18.0
10.8
0.0
0.1
1.7
0.7
3.2
14.6
SK
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
FI
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36 44 - 60 (4)
42 - 48
LU
21.4
8.5
2.8
3.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
4.0
0.6
2.3
SE
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
38 48 - 60 (5) 48 - 60 (5)
HU
205.1
68.3
51.4
43.1
0.6
1.2
0.0
2.4
6.7
31.4
UK
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40 40 - 44 (8)
MT
10.8
1.1
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
2.0
2.9
HR
10
11.5
18
24
36
40
40
MK
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
NL
362.5
127.9
47.5
31.1
0.1
13.5
8.2
36.0
22.9
75.3
TR
10
11.5
18
25 / 26
36
40 40 - 44 (8)
AT
194.9
60.8
47.1
14.2
0.4
0.5
0.0
9.7
11.2
51.0
IS
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
44
PL
622.2
243.2
154.6
120.4
3.3
1.4
2.0
6.3
18.5
72.6
NO
10
11.5
19
26
37
42
44
CH
10
11.5
18
26 (1)
36
40
40
PT
162.8
66.9
37.3
4.3
0.1
0.1
2.5
9.4
10.0
32.1
LI
10
11.5
18
26
36
40
40
RO
304.8
86.6
87.1
48.3
1.5
2.8
1.0
3.9
9.2
64.4
SI
45.6
21.6
8.0
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.8
2.0
8.0
Notes: An articulated vehicle consists of a road tractor coupled to a semi-trailer.
A road train is a goods road motor vehicle coupled to one or more trailers.
SK
81.6
15.0
14.3
35.6
0.2
0.7
0.0
1.0
2.8
12.1
(1) For axles equipped with air suspension or equivalent.
FI
123.4
43.2
25.9
(
7.7
0.0
0.2
9.5
7.1
4.8
25.0
2) 2 axles tractor + 3 axles semi-trailer: mechancial suspension = 43t,
pneumatic suspension = 44t.
SE
235.9
75.0
61.7
8.9
0.0
1.4
15.8
7.0
12.7
53.5
(3) national traffic / international traffic.
(4) 5 axles = 44t; 6 axles = 56t; 7 axles = 60t.
UK
1 100.9
296.2
224.7
55.7
0.3
1.4
15.1
93.4
107.1
307.0
(5) 5 axles = 48t; 6 axles = 58t; 7 axles = 60t.
(6) 44t for 40 feet long ISO containers.
Notes: (*) Cargo handling and storage. Other supporting activities.
(7) 10.5t for vehicles with mechanical suspension in national traffic.
Activities of other transport agencies.
(8) higher value for vehicles engaged in combined transport.
The above figures refer to employment only in those companies
(9) 11.5t if mechanical suspension.
whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
(10) 35t for 3-axle tractor + 1-axle trailer.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 1.1 classification.
98
99
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , U n i te d
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
N a t i o n s E co n o m i c Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 6
3 . 1 . 7
Number of Enterprises by Mode
Turnover by Mode of Transport
of Transport – 2007
2007 mio €
t
t
y
y
t
t
t
t
tivities
t
t
tivities
ater t
ators
t ac
ater t
ators
t ac
L
ays
anspor
L
ays
anspor
A
anspor
anspor
AD
AD
A
AD
AD
eight transpor
ailw
ipelines
anspor
ther (*) auxiliar anspor
eight transpor
ailw
ipelines
anspor
ther (*) auxiliar anspor
TOT
RO
ea tr
ea tr
fr
RO
passenger transpor
R
P
Inland w tr
S
Air tr
Travel agencies & tour oper
O tr
TOT
RO
fr
RO
passenger transpor
R
P
Inland w tr
S
Air tr
Travel agencies & tour oper
O tr
EU-27 1 163 160 608 713 336 517
887
161
9 324 10 700
3 774 81 000 112 084
EU-27 1 210 000 302 597 97 157 73 692 12 310
6 124 105 305 128 469 161 000 418 708
EU-15
438 565 244 939
8 254 10 156 3 352 59 771 88 456
EU-15
264 867 88 824
153 154 388 487
EU-12
170 148 91 578
1 070
544
422 21 229 23 628
EU-12
37 730 8 333
7 846 30 221
BE
7 638
2 261
337
122
170
1 485
2 664
BE
10 954
1 705
406
3 580
3 244
5 358 19 180
BG
16 585
7 097
6 527
8
0
20
10
37
1 243
1 643
BG
1 416
426
442
0
386
300
1 171
CZ
26 750
9 320
76
0
30
6 200
4 202
CZ
7 100
943
43
0
1 700
6 389
DK
13 493
7 186
3 710
14
4
27
407
51
649
1 445
DK
6 162
2 790
247
65
3 208
3 242
9 014
DE
87 592 34 824 24 550
290
29
1 128
1 745
425
9 829 14 772
DE 218 217 29 131 15 324 16 474
2 416
1 735 27 419 14 959 19 756 91 004
EE
3 972
2 411
248
10
0
1
18
9
339
936
EE
3 849
992
103
194
0
120
177
2 262
IE
4 100
600
0
66
36
326
836
IE
2 430
650
1 886
3 503
EL
21 718 35 000
0
3 031
17
3 433
7 808
EL
3 120
2 600
0
2 347
1 253
1 613
2 936
ES 228 028 138 599 65 833
8
0
38
225
85
9 771 13 469
ES 116 416 38 725
8 819
1 971
0
35
1 960 10 538 18 828 35 541
FR
95 854 42 551 37 637
32
30
1 177
771
555
5 552
7 549
FR
39 639 15 232
681 10 416 19 673 13 234 54 577
IT 148 042 93 427 23 379
36
7
759
754
243 11 795 17 642
IT 143 328 47 367
7 731
6 323
2 207
189 10 913 11 081 14 200 43 319
CY
4 056
1 4
52
1 436
0
0
0
63
5
517
583
CY
1 583
115
89
0
0
0
273
411
127
569
LV
5 204
2 656
770
15
2
7
26
16
466
1 246
LV
1 058
184
1
58
322
247
1 640
LT
7 182
3 998
1 255
12
3
11
13
12
890
988
LT
2 303
267
440
3
5
170
124
251
1 377
LU
928
469
170
2
0
22
7
14
91
153
LU
4 680
1 139
169
454
0
5
23
1 795
308
789
HU
32 882 18 410
8 979
18
5
99
5
88
1 831
3 447
HU
13 567
3 951
1 160
1 404
299
69
2
924
1 017
4 740
MT
2 508
38
6
1 022
0
0
0
140
20
697
243
MT
630
54
78
0
167
331
NL
24 260
8 865
4 135
20
5
3 640
695
235
2 465
4 200
NL
19 066
3 328
2 115
165
2 094
5 720
9 524
6 225 23 036
AT
15 480
7 384
4 984
27
7
75
11
152
1 583
1 257
AT
38 019
8 659
3 170
2 533
768
121
10
3 382
4 099 15 277
PL 145 968 80 990 51 531
104
5
678
171
101
5 642
6 746
PL
33 306 14 149
3 308
4 041
955
122
388
1 362
2 195
6 786
PT
27 769 11 789 11 799
1
4
254
186
70
1 764
1 902
PT
5 045
1 320
676
:
2 812
5 780
RO
32 786 18 422
9 416
88
3
139
55
57
2 483
2 123
RO
9 115
3 779
1 283
136
108
602
677
2 529
SI
8 526
6 330
935
6
1
30
43
31
515
635
SI
3 769
1 927
209
1
511
1 122
SK
1 246
139
9
0
16
406
836
SK
885
282
0
479
1 305
FI
23 895 11 307
9 298
5
1
75
252
71
1 249
1 637
FI
19 996
5 659
1 764
16
2 719
2 658
1 490
5 689
SE
31 515 14 833
9 192
35
0
477
686
214
3 037
3 041
SE
46 944
9 137
5 942
1 652
0
142
4 165
3 477
6 786 15 644
UK
65 656 33 875 12 391
100
10
245
1 198
1 014
6 742 10 081
UK 224 119 38 635 18 282 10 237
670
129
9 914 29 737 53 315 63 199
Notes: (*) Cargo handling and storage, other supporting activities,
Notes: (*) Cargo handling and storage, other supporting activities,
activities of other transport agencies.
activities of other transport agencies.
The above figures refer to the number only of those enterprises
The above figures refer to the turnover only of those companies
whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 1.1 classification.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 1.1 classification.
100
101
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 8
3 . 1 . 9
Final Consumption of
EU-27: Evolution of Consumer Prices
Households for Transport
for Passenger Transport
BY TYPE OF EXPENDITURE 2008 *
HARMONISED INDEX OF CONSUMER PRICES
of which:
of which:
Motorcycles,
YEAR
AS
L FINAL
bicycles and
TA
ON
2005
PURCHASE
animal drawn
purchase
operation
=100
ALL ITEMS
TRANSPORT
OF VEHICLES
Motor cars
vehicles
ANSPORT
TO
of personal of personal
purchased
TR
HOUSEHOLDS
OF
HEAD
transport
transport
transport
ANSPORT
HOUSEHOLDS
ANSPORT
2009
109.6
108.4
101.1
100.9
103.7
ONSUMPTION
%
ONSUMPTION
FINAL
C
OF
FOR
equipment
equipment
services
TR
A
C
OF
EXPENDITURE
PER
TR
2008
108.6
110.7
101.3
101.3
100.7
2007
104.7
105.6
101.6
101.7
100.3
million euro
%
€
2006
102.3
103.0
100.6
100.7
99.5
EU-27
945 113
279 195
491 536
174 382
13.4
1 900
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2004
97.8
95.7
99.7
99.6
100.4
EU-15
872 561
259 837
454 346
158 378
13.5
2 200
2003
95.6
92.6
98.9
98.7
100.3
EU-12
2002
93.6
90.2
97.8
97.6
100.4
BE
20 750
5 985
12 912
1 853
12.0
1 900
2001
91.3
88.6
96.6
96.4
99.4
2000
88.5
87.3
96.1
96.0
97.3
BG
2 902
362
1 611
929
18.0
400
1999
85.5
82.5
96.3
96.4
95.8
CZ
8 693
2 513
4 138
2 042
11.5
800
of which:
DK
14 303
5 891
7 062
1 350
12.8
2 600
Spare parts
Other
DE
185 080
64 530
85 980
34 570
13.8
2 300
OPERATION
and
Fuels and
Maintenance
services in
EE
1 405
199
857
349
16.0
1 000
OF
accessories
lubricants
and repair
respect of
YEAR PERSONAL
for personal
for personal
of personal
personal
IE
10 388
3 738
4 325
2 325
12.3
2 300
2005 TRANSPORT
transport
transport
transport
transport
=100 EQUIPMENT
equipment
equipment
equipment
equipment
EL
18 674
8 081
6 132
4 461
10.4
1 700
2009
109.9
112.8
105.1
117.1
110.8
ES
73 138
24 362
36 414
12 362
11.7
1 600
2008
115.3
109.6
119.0
112.8
107.7
FR
158 979
38 689
97 402
22 888
14.5
2 500
2007
107.5
105.8
108.1
107.9
104.9
IT
120 769
31 079
72 848
16 841
12.9
2 000
2006
104.3
102.5
105.5
103.7
102.2
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
CY
2 087
894
739
454
15.6
2 600
2004
93.7
97.7
90.6
96.3
97.8
LV
1 602
489
782
331
12.5
700
2003
89.3
95.4
84.9
92.4
95.9
LT
3 864
530
2 858
475
18.7
1 200
2002
86.5
94.2
82.2
88.7
93.2
2001
85.1
92.6
82.4
85.0
90.7
LU
2 781
1 042
1 633
106
19.2
5 700
2000
84.7
91.6
84.2
81.6
88.3
HU
8 820
2 762
4 804
1 255
15.5
900
1999
77.6
91.5
71.8
79.3
86.7
MT
514
134
266
114
12.9
1 200
of which:
NL
30 866
9 139
16 828
4 899
11.9
1 900
Passenger
AT
18 728
5 465
9 644
3 619
12.8
2 300
transport
Other
YEAR TRANS Passenger Passenger Passenger by sea and Combined purchased
PL
20 490
6 317
9 604
4 569
9.3
500
2005
PORT
transport transport transport
inland
passenger transport
PT
14 371
5 262
7 262
1 847
14.0
1 400
=100 SERVICES by railway
by road
by air
waterway transport
services
RO
13 140
2 812
6 712
3 615
16.1
600
2007
117.2
118.0
117.9
110.0
128.0
116.5
109.4
SI
3 362
1 241
1 886
235
16.2
1 700
2006
113.2
112.8
113.3
110.9
117.8
111.9
109.0
2007
106.6
108.4
107.8
100.3
113.2
107.0
105.7
SK
2 733
577
1 374
782
7.6
500
2006
103.2
103.4
103.8
100.7
106.2
103.6
102.6
FI
10 689
3 179
5 504
2 006
11.7
2 000
2005
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
SE
19 088
4 616
11 276
3 196
12.8
2 100
2004
95.4
96.5
95.5
94.5
100.2
96.5
97.8
2003
92.3
93.2
92.0
93.4
102.3
92.2
95.2
UK
169 531
50 102
74 471
44 958
15.4
2 800
2002
89.0
90.4
88.0
91.8
99.6
89.3
93.1
2001
85.8
86.8
84.6
89.5
95.2
86.3
90.0
Notes: (*) ES, LV, NL, AT, RO: 2007; PT: 2006; BG: 2005.
2000
81.9
83.9
80.2
84.5
90.8
82.8
85.6
EU-totals all refer to 2008. therefore the sum of the country rows
1999
79.3
82.1
76.8
83.2
86.7
79.7
83.2
does not add up to the total.
102
103
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
G E N E R A L
G E N E R A L
3 . 1 . 1 0
3 . 1 . 1 1
EU-27 External Trade by Mode of Transport
Comparison EU27 – World
2008
INFRASTRUC TURE AND VEHICLES
VALUE billion €
EXTRA EU27
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
EXPORT
IMPORT
EXPORT + IMPORT
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
Sea
621.1
47.5 %
836.1
53.4 %
1 457.2
50.7 %
1 000 km
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
Road
289.1
22.1 %
178.0
11.4 %
467.1
16.3 %
Road network (paved)
5 000
4 241
956
2 535
771
Rail
24.3
1.9 %
21.8
1.4 %
46.1
1.6 %
Motorway network
65.1
95.3 (1)
7.6 (2)
53.9
30.0
Inland waterway
5.0
0.4 %
3.1
0.2 %
8.2
0.3 %
Railway network
212.8 203.1 (3)
27.3
78.0
87.2
Pipeline
4.6
0.4 %
123.0
7.9 %
127.6
4.4 %
Electrified rail lines
110.5
15.2
24.4
40.3
Air
320.4
24.5 %
255.6
16.3 %
576.0
20.1 %
Navigable inland waterways
42.7
40.7
1.8
123.5
102.0
Self propulsion
31.9
2.4 %
14.4
0.9 %
46.4
1.6 %
Oil Pipelines
33.7
268.7
0.2
20.2 (4)
46.7 (5)
Post
1.5
0.1 %
2.7
0.2 %
4.2
0.1 %
Unknown
8.6
0.7 %
130.3
8.3 %
138.9
4.8 %
VEHICLE STOCK
TOTAL
1 306.6 100.0 %
1 565.0 100.0 %
2 871.6 100.0 %
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
2008
2007
2008
2008
2008
WEIGHT million tonnes
Passenger
million
231.9 237.4 (6)
69.0 (7)
38.5
30.3
cars stock
EXTRA EU27
cars /
Motorization
467
780
540
29
212
1 000 persons
EXPORT
IMPORT
EXPORT + IMPORT
Commercial
freight
million
33.97
9.03
6.57
24.54
5.35
Sea
396.4
74.8 %
1 288.3
71.7 %
1 684.7
72.4 %
vehicles
Road
82.9
15.6 %
59.1
3.3 %
142.0
6.1 %
TRANSPORT SAFETY
Rail
24.6
4.6 %
73.5
4.1 %
98.0
4.2 %
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
Inland waterway
8.4
1.6 %
13.0
0.7 %
21.4
0.9 %
Pipeline
3.7
0.7 %
275.5
15.3 %
279.2
12.0 %
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
Air
9.8
1.8 %
3.5
0.2 %
13.3
0.6 %
number
38 875
37 261
5 155
73 484
29 900
Road
fatalities
per million
Self propulsion
3.2
0.6 %
2.2
0.1 %
5.5
0.2 %
78
122
40
56
211
inhabitants
Post
0.0
0.0 %
0.1
0.0 %
0.1
0.0 %
Notes: (1) USA: divided highways with 4 or more lanes
Unknown
1.2
0.2 %
82.2
4.6 %
83.4
3.6 %
(rural or urban interstate, freeways, expressways, arterial and collector)
with full access control by the authorities.
TOTAL
530.2 100.0 %
1 797.4 100.0 %
2 327.6 100.0 %
(2) Japan: national expressways.
(3) USA: a sum of overlapping networks.
(4) China: only crude oil pipelines. Refined oil pipelines: 2005: 9 746 km.
Notes: Data for intra-EU trade are no longer available by mode
(5) Russia: only crude oil pipelines. 16 thousand km of oil products
of transport used.
pipelines are not included.
(6) USA: all 2-axle 4-tyre vehicles (135.9 million passenger cars
and 101.5 million other 2-axle 4-tyre vehicles).
(7) Japan: including 28.2 million light motor vehicles
(engine capacity up to 660 cubic centimetres).
104
105
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l R o a d Fe d e r a t i o n , U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e
d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 1 . 1 2
G E N E R A L
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2
Comparison EU27 – World
3 . 2 . 1
PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT
EU-27 Performance by Mode
for Freight Transport – 1995-2008
PASSENGER TRANSPORT
billion tonne-kilometres
ROAD
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
billion pkm
2008
2008
2008
2008
2008
1 800
Passenger car
4 725.0 7 201.8 (1) 769.1 (2) 1 263.6 (3)
Bus + trolley-bus + coach
546.7 243.0
89.9
124.8
1 600
SEA
Railway
409.2 37.1
404.6
777.9
175.9
Tram + metro
89.0 21.1
(4)
51.6
1 400
Waterborne
40.9 0.6
5.5
7.5
0.9
Air (domestic / intra-EU-27)
561.0 977.8
81.0
288.3
122.6
1 200
FREIGHT TRANSPORT
1 000
EU27
USA
JAPAN
CHINA
RUSSIA
billion tkm
2008
2007
2008
2007
2008
Road
1 877.7
1 922.9
346.4 1 135.5
216.3
Rail
442.7
2 656.6
22.3 2 379.7
2 116.2
500
RAIL
Inland waterways
145.3
472.3
1 559.9
64.0
Oil pipeline
124.1
814.2
186.6 (5)
2 464.0
400
Sea (domestic / intra-EU-27)
1 498.0
333.0
187.5 4 868.6
85.0
300
Notes: (1) USA: including light trucks / vans.
(2) Japan: including light motor vehicles and taxis.
(3) China: including buses and coaches.
(4) Japan: included in railway pkm.
200
(5) China: oil and gas pipelines.
INLAND WATERWAYS
100
OIL PIPELINES
AIR
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
106
107
Source: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 2 . 4 c to 3 . 2 . 7 , e s t i m a te s
STAT (Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2 . 2
3 . 2 . 3
EU-27 Performance by Mode
EU-27 Performance by Mode
FREIGHT TRANSPORT
FREIGHT TRANSPORT FOR INLAND MODES
thousand mio tonne-kilometres
thousand mio tonne-kilometres
INLAND
WATER
PIPE
INLAND
ROAD
RAIL
WAYS
LINES
SEA
AIR
TOTAL
ROAD
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
TOTAL
1995
1 289
386
122
115
1 146
2.0
3 060
1995
1 289
386
122
115
1 912
1996
1 303
392
120
119
1 160
2.1
3 096
1996
1 303
392
120
119
1 934
1997
1 352
410
128
118
1 193
2.2
3 202
1997
1 352
410
128
118
2 007
1998
1 414
393
131
125
1 232
2.3
3 297
1998
1 414
393
131
125
2 063
1999
1 470
384
129
124
1 268
2.3
3 377
1999
1 470
384
129
124
2 107
2000
1 519
404
134
127
1 314
2.5
3 499
2000
1 519
404
134
127
2 183
2001
1 556
386
133
133
1 334
2.5
3 544
2001
1 556
386
133
133
2 208
2002
1 606
384
133
128
1 355
2.4
3 608
2002
1 606
384
133
128
2 251
2003
1 625
392
124
130
1 378
2.4
3 652
2003
1 625
392
124
130
2 271
2004
1 747
416
137
132
1 427
2.5
3 861
2004
1 747
416
137
132
2 432
2005
1 800
414
139
136
1 461
2.6
3 953
2005
1 800
414
139
136
2 489
2006
1 854
440
138
135
1 505
2.7
4 076
2006
1 854
440
138
135
2 568
2007
1 915
453
147
127
1 532
2.8
4 177
2007
1 915
453
147
127
2 642
2008
1 878
443
145
124
1 498
2.7
4 091
2008
1 878
443
145
124
2 590
1995-2008
45.7 %
14.7 %
19.0 %
8.0 %
30.7 %
35.0 %
33.7 %
1995-2008
45.7 %
14.7 %
19.0 %
8.0 %
35.5 %
per year
2.9 %
1.1 %
1.3 %
0.6 %
2.1 %
2.3 %
2.3 %
per year
2.9 %
1.1 %
1.3 %
0.6 %
2.4 %
2000-2008
23.6 %
9.7 %
8.5 %
-2.0 %
14.0 %
10.2 %
16.9 %
2000-2008
23.6 %
9.7 %
8.5 %
-2.0 %
18.6 %
per year
2.7 %
1.2 %
1.0 %
-0.3 %
1.7 %
1.2 %
2.0 %
per year
2.7 %
1.2 %
1.0 %
-0.3 %
1.9 %
2007-2008
-1.9 %
-2.3 %
-1.2 %
-2.2 %
-2.2 %
-1.8 %
-2.1 %
2007-2008
-1.9 %
-2.3 %
-1.2 %
-2.2 %
-2.0 %
MODAL SPLIT
MODAL SPLIT
%
%
INLAND
WATER
PIPE
INLAND
ROAD
RAIL
WAYS
LINES
SEA
AIR
ROAD
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
1995
42.1
12.6
4.0
3.8
37.5
0.1
1995
67.4 20.2 6.4 6.0
1996
42.1
12.7
3.9
3.9
37.5
0.1
1996
67.4 20.3 6.2 6.2
1997
42.2
12.8
4.0
3.7
37.3
0.1
1997
67.3 20.4 6.4 5.9
1998
42.9
11.9
4.0
3.8
37.4
0.1
1998
68.5 19.0 6.4 6.1
1999
43.5
11.4
3.8
3.7
37.6
0.1
1999
69.8 18.2 6.1 5.9
2000
43.4
11.5
3.8
3.6
37.5
0.1
2000
69.6 18.5 6.1 5.8
2001
43.9
10.9
3.7
3.8
37.6
0.1
2001
70.5 17.5 6.0 6.0
2002
44.5
10.6
3.7
3.6
37.6
0.1
2002
71.4 17.1 5.9 5.7
2003
44.5
10.7
3.4
3.6
37.7
0.1
2003
71.6 17.3 5.4 5.7
2004
45.2
10.8
3.5
3.4
37.0
0.1
2004
71.8 17.1 5.6 5.4
2005
45.5
10.5
3.5
3.4
37.0
0.1
2005
72.3 16.6 5.6 5.5
2006
45.5
10.8
3.4
3.3
36.9
0.1
2006
72.2 17.1 5.4 5.3
2007
45.8
10.8
3.5
3.0
36.7
0.1
2007
72.5 17.1 5.6 4.8
2008
45.9
10.8
3.6
3.0
36.6
0.1
2008
72.5 17.1 5.6 4.8
Notes: Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; provisional estimates.
Notes: Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered
Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-27.
in the EU-27.
108
109
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 2 . 4 c to 3 . 2 . 7 , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 2 . 4 c to 3 . 2 . 7
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 4 a PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPOR T EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOME TRES 3 . 2 . 4 b
Road
Road
NATIONAL HAULAGE
INTERNATIONAL HAULAGE *
HAULAGE BY VEHICLES REGISTERED
HAULAGE BY VEHICLES REGISTERED
IN THE REPORTING COUNTRY
IN THE REPORTING COUNTRY
thousand mio tkm
%
thousand mio tkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
1 088.8 1 232.5 1 250.1 1 292.4 1 268.0
-1.9
EU-27
429.9
567.8
604.2
622.6
609.7
-2.1
EU-15
869.9
989.4 1 103.9 1 117.8 1 150.5 1 119.6
-2.7
EU-15
268.3
339.5
384.6
386.0
373.2
347.6
-6.8
EU-12
99.5
128.6
132.2
141.8
148.4
4.6
EU-12
90.4
183.1
218.2
249.4
262.1
5.1
BE
18.62
19.75
19.28
19.62
19.65
18.21
-7.3
BE
26.98
31.29
24.57
23.40
22.44
20.15
-10.2
BG
3.06
5.05
5.81
5.89
7.12
20.9
BG
3.34
9.33
7.96
8.73
8.20
-6.1
CZ
14.21
15.52
16.08
15.83
15.75
-0.5
CZ
23.10
27.93
34.29
32.31
35.13
8.7
DK
9.33
11.00
11.06
11.50
11.80
10.72
-9.2
DK
13.07
13.02
12.24
9.76
9.16
8.76
-4.3
DE
201.30
226.53
237.62
251.38
261.44
264.55
1.2
DE
36.50
54.18
72.49
78.64
82.01
76.99
-6.1
EE
0.45
0.72
1.85
1.98
1.94
1.83
-5.7
EE
1.10
3.22
3.98
3.57
4.48
5.52
23.4
IE
4.70
8.34
13.98
13.83
14.43
13.27
-8.1
IE
0.80
3.94
3.93
3.62
4.59
4.14
-9.9
EL
20.00
24.50
27.50
26.14
21.73
24.35
12.0
EL
4.00
4.50
5.00
7.87
6.06
4.50
-25.7
ES
78.74
106.94
166.39
174.59
190.61
175.18
-8.1
ES
22.86
41.78
66.84
67.20
68.26
67.80
-0.7
FR
135.30
163.16
177.33
182.75
191.39
181.88
-5.0
FR
42.90
40.84
27.95
28.69
27.82
24.43
-12.2
IT
150.30
158.25
171.59
155.43
152.41
149.00
-2.2
IT
24.13
26.43
40.22
31.64
27.00
26.00
-3.7
CY
1.28
1.37
1.15
1.18
1.30
9.5
CY
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
-33.3
LV
1.48
2.73
2.72
3.01
2.54
-15.6
LV
3.31
5.66
8.04
10.20
9.81
-3.8
LT
1.53
2.14
2.23
2.70
2.56
-5.3
LT
6.24
13.77
15.90
17.57
17.86
1.6
LU
0.53
0.42
0.49
0.54
0.55
0.79
43.6
LU
4.97
7.20
8.31
8.26
9.01
9.75
8.1
HU
12.15
11.39
12.43
13.19
13.04
-1.1
HU
6.98
13.76
18.05
22.62
22.72
0.4
MT
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.0
MT
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.0
NL
26.68
31.54
31.83
31.01
30.69
32.01
4.3
NL
40.42
48.03
52.34
52.18
47.24
46.15
-2.3
AT
11.07
12.39
12.51
14.44
14.74
14.59
-1.1
AT
15.43
22.73
24.53
24.75
22.66
19.74
-12.9
PL
48.00
60.94
59.42
65.77
71.92
9.3
PL
27.02
50.89
68.90
85.11
93.01
9.3
PT
16.50
17.06
17.45
17.54
18.32
17.11
-6.6
PT
15.50
21.85
25.16
27.30
27.88
21.98
-21.2
RO
9.88
19.40
22.72
23.93
23.19
-3.1
RO
4.41
32.13
34.57
35.59
33.20
-6.7
SI
1.90
2.36
2.28
2.57
2.64
2.4
SI
3.40
8.67
9.83
11.16
13.63
22.1
SK
5.06
5.62
5.20
5.62
6.32
12.5
SK
9.28
16.95
17.01
21.54
22.96
6.6
FI
21.80
27.72
27.82
25.47
25.96
27.62
6.4
FI
2.70
4.26
4.04
4.25
3.86
2.24
-41.9
SE
28.36
31.45
34.70
35.47
36.40
37.95
4.3
SE
3.24
4.17
3.87
4.44
4.15
4.42
6.6
UK
146.71
150.34
154.40
158.16
160.43
152.40
-5.0
UK
14.79
15.28
13.14
14.03
11.05
10.60
-4.1
HR
1.91
4.39
5.29
5.12
6.45
25.9
HR
0.95
4.94
4.88
5.38
4.60
-14.5
MK
MK
TR
112.50
161.55
166.83
177.40
181.33
181.94
0.3
TR
IS
0.50
0.60
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.80
-3.0
IS
NO
12.11
15.35
15.31
15.43
16.66
8.0
NO
3.02
2.90
4.08
3.95
3.94
-0.3
CH
8.36
8.93
9.12
9.22
9.45
9.53
0.8
CH(1)
0.75
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.85
0.75
-12.3
Notes: Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
Notes: (*) Including cross-trade and cabotage;
Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
(1) CH: in contrast to the data for other countries, the Swiss data do not
include that part of international journeys by Swiss hauliers that takes
place outside Switzerland.
110
111
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s (C H ) , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s (C H ) , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 4 c PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2 . 5
Road
Railways
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL HAULAGE *
HAULAGE BY VEHICLES REGISTERED
IN THE REPORTING COUNTRY
thousand mio tkm
%
thousand mio tkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
1 288.7 1 518.7 1 800.3 1 854.3 1 914.9 1 877.7
-1.9
EU-27
526.3
386.1
403.7
414.1
440.4
453.1
442.7
-2.3
EU-15
1 138.2 1 328.9 1 488.6 1 503.9 1 523.7 1 467.2
-3.7
EU-15
256.5
222.7
257.1
262.9
286.1
297.1
292.4
-1.6
EU-12
150.4
189.8
311.7
350.4
391.2
410.5
4.9
EU-12
269.8
163.4
146.6
151.3
154.3
156.0
150.4
-3.6
BE
45.60
51.05
43.85
43.02
42.09
38.36
-8.9
BE
8.37
7.30
7.67
8.13
8.57
9.26
8.57
-7.4
BG
5.20
6.40
14.37
13.77
14.62
15.32
4.8
BG
14.13
8.60
5.54
5.16
5.40
5.24
4.69
-10.5
CZ
31.30
37.31
43.45
50.38
48.14
50.88
5.7
CZ
22.62
17.50
14.87
15.78
16.30
15.44
-5.3
DK
22.40
24.02
23.30
21.25
20.96
19.48
-7.1
DK
1.73
1.99
2.03
1.98
1.89
1.78
1.87
4.9
DE
237.80
280.71
310.10
330.02
343.45
341.53
-0.6
DE
101.70
70.50
82.68
95.42 107.01 114.62 115.65
0.9
EE
1.55
3.93
5.82
5.55
6.42
7.35
14.6
EE
6.98
3.85
8.10
10.64
10.42
8.43
5.94
-29.5
IE
5.50
12.28
17.91
17.45
19.02
17.40
-8.5
IE
0.59
0.60
0.49
0.30
0.21
0.13
0.10
-20.2
EL
24.00
29.00
32.50
34.00
27.79
28.85
3.8
EL
0.61
0.29
0.43
0.61
0.66
0.84
0.79
-5.9
ES
101.60
148.72
233.23
241.79
258.88
242.98
-6.1
ES
11.15
10.96
11.61
11.64
11.63
11.06
10.48
-5.3
FR
178.20
204.00
205.28
211.45
219.21
206.30
-5.9
FR
52.24
48.27
57.73
40.70
41.18
42.62
40.63
-4.7
IT
174.43
184.68
211.80
187.07
179.41
175.00
-2.5
IT
19.36
21.69
22.82
22.76
24.15
25.29
23.83
-5.8
CY
1.20
1.31
1.39
1.17
1.20
1.31
8.8
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
1.83
4.79
8.39
10.75
13.20
12.34
-6.5
LV
18.54
9.76
13.31
19.78
16.83
18.31
19.58
6.9
LT
5.20
7.77
15.91
18.13
20.28
20.42
0.7
LT
19.26
7.20
8.92
12.46
12.90
14.37
14.75
2.6
LU
5.50
7.61
8.80
8.81
9.56
10.53
10.2
LU
0.62
0.53
0.63
0.39
0.44
0.29
0.28
-2.8
HU
13.80
19.12
25.15
30.48
35.81
35.76
-0.1
HU
16.80
8.40
8.80
9.09
10.17
10.05
9.87
-1.7
MT
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.0
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
67.10
79.57
84.16
83.19
77.92
78.16
0.3
NL
3.07
3.10
4.52
5.87
6.29
7.22
6.98
-3.2
AT
26.50
35.12
37.04
39.19
37.40
34.33
-8.2
AT
12.16
13.20
16.60
18.96
20.98
21.37
21.92
2.5
PL
51.20
75.02
111.83
128.32
150.88
164.93
9.3
PL
81.60
68.20
54.00
49.97
53.62
54.25
52.04
-4.1
PT
32.00
38.91
42.61
44.84
46.20
39.09
-15.4
PT
1.46
2.02
2.18
2.42
2.43
2.59
2.55
-1.4
RO
19.70
14.29
51.53
57.29
59.52
56.39
-5.3
RO
48.91
17.91
16.35
16.58
15.79
15.76
15.24
-3.3
SI
3.30
5.30
11.03
12.11
13.73
16.26
18.4
SI
4.21
3.08
2.86
3.25
3.37
3.60
3.52
-2.3
SK
15.90
14.34
22.57
22.21
27.16
29.28
7.8
SK
13.80
11.23
9.46
9.99
9.65
9.30
-3.6
FI
24.50
31.98
31.86
29.72
29.81
29.86
0.2
FI
8.36
9.60
10.11
9.71
11.06
10.43
10.78
3.3
SE
31.60
35.62
38.58
39.92
40.54
42.37
4.5
SE
19.10
19.39
19.48
21.68
22.27
23.25
23.12
-0.6
UK
161.50
165.62
167.53
172.18
171.48
163.00
-4.9
UK
16.00
13.30
18.10
22.32
27.37
26.38
24.83
-5.9
HR
2.86
9.33
10.18
10.50
11.05
5.2
HR
1.97
1.79
2.84
3.31
3.57
3.31
-7.3
MK
3.50
5.58
8.30
5.94
3.98
-33.0
MK
0.50
0.53
0.61
0.78
0.74
-4.5
TR (1)
112.50
161.55
166.83
177.40
181.33
181.94
0.3
TR
7.89
8.51
9.76
9.08
9.54
9.76
10.55
8.2
IS
0.50
0.60
0.74
0.79
0.83
0.80
-3.0
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
9.70
15.13
18.25
19.39
19.38
20.60
6.3
NO
2.60
2.70
3.00
3.15
3.35
3.50
3.62
3.4
CH (2)
9.11
9.79
9.98
10.09
10.31
10.28
-0.3
CH
9.05
8.86
11.08
11.68
12.47
11.95
12.27
2.6
Notes: (*) Including cross-trade and cabotage;
Notes: CS: 1990: 59.4 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals).
Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
(1) TR: national transport only;
(2) CH: in contrast to the data for other countries, the Swiss data do not
include that part of international journeys by Swiss hauliers that takes
place outside Switzerland.
112
113
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , U n i o n
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s (C H , M K ) , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 6 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
P E R F O R MA N C E O F F R E I G H T T R A N S P O R T E X P R E S S E D I N TO N N E K I LO M E T R E S
3 . 2 . 7
Inland Waterways
Pipelines (Oil)
thousand mio tkm
%
thousand mio tkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
118.3
122.1 133.9 138.7 138.5 147.0 145.3
-1.2
EU-27
114.9 126.7 135.9 135.2 126.9 124.1
-2.2
EU-15
107.0
114.6
127.4
126.2
126.6
132.2
130.0
-1.7
EU-15
71.7
80.2
86.2
90.0
90.0
87.0
87.5
0.5
EU-12
11.4
7.5
6.5
12.4
11.8
14.7
15.2
3.4
EU-12
34.7
40.5
46.0
45.2
39.9
36.6
-8.2
BE
5.39
5.73
7.22
8.57
8.91
9.01
8.75
-2.9
BE
1.02
1.37
1.62
1.52
1.57
1.49
1.45
-3.0
BG
1.61
0.53
0.31
0.76
0.79
3.01
2.89
-4.0
BG
0.64
0.41
0.38
0.35
0.36
0.42
0.42
0.0
CZ
0.28
0.09
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.03
-22.2
CZ
2.28
1.61
2.26
2.29
2.08
2.32
11.4
DK
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DK
2.02
3.11
4.69
5.13
4.87
4.63
4.21
-9.0
DE
54.80
63.98
66.47
64.10
63.98
64.72
64.06
-1.0
DE
13.30
14.76
15.03
16.74
15.84
15.82
15.94
0.7
EE
0.00
0.00
-
-
-
-
-
EE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EL
-
-
-
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.0
ES
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ES
4.22
5.89
7.47
9.23
9.22
8.94
9.14
2.3
FR
7.58
6.63
9.11
8.91
9.01
9.21
8.90
-3.4
FR
19.60
22.27
21.67
20.86
22.20
21.14
20.92
-1.1
IT
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.08
-18.3
IT
9.20
9.65
10.32
11.42
11.45
11.39
11.62
2.1
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
5.32
6.47
3.38
3.63
2.71
2.10
-22.6
LT
0.16
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
15.0
LT
2.01
3.46
4.41
2.67
1.03
0.53
-48.9
LU
0.36
0.34
0.38
0.34
0.38
0.35
0.37
6.4
LU
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
HU
2.04
1.21
0.89
2.11
1.91
2.21
2.25
1.7
HU
5.29
2.18
2.26
2.68
3.04
2.99
2.97
-0.4
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
35.66
35.46
41.27
42.23
42.22
46.00
45.30
-1.5
NL
4.87
5.28
5.87
5.94
5.83
5.58
5.97
6.9
AT
1.66
2.05
2.44
1.75
1.84
2.60
2.36
-9.2
AT
6.37
6.77
7.56
7.78
7.64
7.23
7.52
4.1
PL
1.03
0.88
1.17
0.33
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.0
PL
13.89
13.49
20.35
25.39
25.59
23.51
21.25
-9.6
PT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PT
-
0.50
0.48
0.45
0.48
0.45
-5.8
RO
2.09
3.11
2.63
8.44
8.16
8.19
8.69
6.0
RO
5.06
2.94
1.39
2.21
2.03
1.85
1.72
-7.0
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SK
1.47
1.38
0.74
0.65
1.00
1.10
9.7
SK
6.10
4.60
5.30
5.60
5.30
5.30
0.0
FI
1.10
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.07
0.10
0.08
-20.8
FI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
UK
0.30
0.20
0.21
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
-8.0
UK
11.10
11.10
11.42
10.78
10.78
10.23
10.18
-0.5
HR
0.50
0.03
0.06
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.08
-27.5
HR
3.60
0.43
1.51
1.26
1.41
1.31
-7.0
MK
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MK
-
-
-
0.14
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.0
TR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TR
3.20
53.13
5.74
5.84
12.89
36.40
182.3
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
2.06
5.26
3.49
4.59
4.53
4.19
3.83
-8.7
CH
0.20
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.05
0.04
-5.8
CH
1.20
1.25
0.22
0.23
0.26
0.22
0.25
14.3
Notes: FI: only shipborne transport (i.e. no floating);
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable;
CS: 1990: 4.42 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals).
in most countries, only pipelines longer than 40km are included.
CS: 1990: 7.5;
DE: from 1995 onwards: only crude oil (i.e. no refined petroleum products).
114
115
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
S o u rce : N a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
Fo r u m , Eu ro s t a t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 2 . 8 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN TONNEKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3
3 . 3 . 1
USA
EU-27 Performance by Mode
PERFORMANCE BY MODE OF TRANSPORT: FREIGHT
for Passenger Transport – 1995-2008
thousand mio tkm
billion passenger-kilometres
INLAND
ROAD 1
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
TOTAL
1990
1 239.0
1 554.0
515.8
852.8
4 161.6
1995
1 509.4
1 922.8
534.4
877.6
4 844.2
1996
1 550.2
2 010.5
518.5
904.0
4 983.2
4 500
1997
1 621.1
2 031.0
520.0
900.1
5 072.2
PASSENGER CARS
1998
1 663.8
2 114.6
520.6
904.9
5 203.8
1999
1 717.2
2 195.3
528.2
901.8
5 342.5
2000
1 741.2
2 257.6
526.2
842.8
5 367.9
4 000
2001
1 771.0
2 335.0
504.7
841.1
5 451.8
2002
1 818.2
2 344.0
506.7
855.8
5 524.7
2003
1 846.2
2 341.2
475.8
861.7
5 524.9
2004
1 870.8
2 459.2
496.1
875.4
5 701.5
3 500
2005
1 885.3
2 530.6
476.4
886.9
5 779.2
2006
1 885.2
2 709.6
486.0
848.7
5 929.4
2007
1 922.9
2 656.6
472.3
814.2
5 866.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
3 000
% PER YEAR
INLAND
AIR
ROAD 1
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
TOTAL
2001
1.7
3.4
-4.1
-0.2
1.6
2002
2.7
0.4
0.4
1.8
1.3
500
2003
1.5
-0.1
-6.1
0.7
0.0
BUS AND COACH
2004
1.3
5.0
4.3
1.6
3.2
2005
0.8
2.9
-4.0
1.3
1.4
2006
0.0
7.1
2.0
-4.3
2.6
400
2007
2.0
-2.0
-2.8
-4.1
-1.1
1990 - 1995
4.0
4.4
0.7
0.6
3.1
1995 - 2000
2.9
3.3
-0.3
-0.8
2.1
2000 - 2007
1.4
2.4
-1.5
-0.5
1.3
RAILWAY
300
MODAL SPLIT
%
INLAND
200
ROAD 1
RAIL
WATERWAYS PIPELINES
1990
29.8
37.3
12.4
20.5
POWERED 2WHEELERS
1995
31.2
39.7
11.0
18.1
2000
32.4
42.1
9.8
15.7
100
TRAM AND METRO
2001
32.5
42.8
9.3
15.4
2002
32.9
42.4
9.2
15.5
2003
33.4
42.4
8.6
15.6
2004
32.8
43.1
8.7
15.4
0
2005
32.6
43.8
8.2
15.3
SEA
2006
31.8
45.7
8.2
14.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2007
32.8
45.3
8.1
13.9
Notes: (1) Intercity truck traffic only.
116
117
S o u rce : U S D e p a r t m e n t o f Tra n s p o r t a t i o n
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 3 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 6 , 3 . 3 . 7 , e s t i m a te s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 2
3 . 3 . 3
Modal Split of Passenger Transport
EU-27 Performance by Mode
on Land by Country – 2007
PASSENGER TRANSPORT
passenger-km in %
thousand mio pkm
PASSENGER
BUS AND
CARS
COACH
RAILWAYS
TRAM & METRO
TRAM
PASSEN
BUS AND
AND
EU-27
81.9
9.5
7.1
1.5
GER CARS
P2W
COACH RAILWAY METRO
AIR
SEA
TOTAL
EU-15
82.6
8.8
7.3
1.3
1995
3 893
122
500
351
71
346
44
5 327
EU-12
77.3
13.6
6.1
3.0
1996
3 961
124
504
349
72
366
44
5 419
BE
77.7
14.3
7.3
0.7
1997
4 039
126
505
351
73
390
44
5 527
BG
72.2
23.1
3.9
0.8
1998
4 137
129
513
351
74
409
43
5 655
CZ
69.3
15.4
6.5
8.8
1999
4 240
133
515
359
75
425
43
5 789
DK
79.3
11.0
9.4
0.3
2000
4 322
135
518
371
77
457
42
5 921
DE
84.1
6.3
8.1
1.6
2001
4 406
138
520
373
78
453
42
6 009
EE
78.9
18.4
2.1
0.6
2002
4 480
138
519
366
78
445
42
6 068
IE
83.6
12.8
3.4
0.2
2003
4 511
142
520
362
79
463
41
6 119
EL
79.7
17.6
1.3
1.3
2004
4 570
145
527
368
82
493
41
6 226
ES
78.8
14.1
5.6
1.5
2005
4 564
148
528
377
82
527
40
6 266
FR
83.1
5.6
9.8
1.5
2006
4 680
152
528
389
84
549
40
6 422
IT
81.8
11.8
5.7
0.7
2007
4 760
152
542
395
86
572
41
6 549
CY
81.2
18.8
-
-
2008
4 725
155
547
409
89
561
41
6 527
LV
82.1
12.0
4.6
1.2
'95/'08
21.4 %
26.9 %
9.4 %
16.7 %
25.1 %
62.1 %
-7.9 %
22.5 %
LT
90.9
8.2
1.0
-
/year
1.5 %
1.8 %
0.7 %
1.2 %
1.7 %
3.8 %
-0.6 %
1.6 %
LU
84.2
11.4
4.3
-
'00/'08
9.3 %
15.4 %
5.5 %
10.4 %
15.3 %
22.8 %
-1.9 %
10.2 %
HU
59.8
25.1
11.8
3.3
/year
1.1 %
1.8 %
0.7 %
1.2 %
1.8 %
2.6 %
-0.2 %
1.2 %
MT
80.8
19.2
-
-
'07/'08
-0.7 %
1.9 %
0.9 %
3.5 %
3.5 %
-1.9 %
-0.2 %
-0.3 %
NL
83.0
7.1
9.0
0.9
MODAL SPLIT
AT
75.1
9.8
11.1
4.1
PL
%
84.1
8.2
6.2
1.4
PT
84.3
10.6
4.1
1.1
TRAM
RO
71.8
14.1
7.0
7.1
PASSEN
BUS AND
AND
GER CARS
P2W
COACH RAILWAY METRO
AIR
SEA
SI
86.2
10.9
2.9
-
1995
73.1
2.3
9.4
6.6
1.3
6.5
0.8
SK
69.8
23.1
6.1
1.0
1996
73.1
2.3
9.3
6.4
1.3
6.8
0.8
FI
83.9
10.0
5.4
0.7
1997
73.1
2.3
9.1
6.3
1.3
7.1
0.8
SE
81.7
7.3
9.1
1.9
1998
73.2
2.3
9.1
6.2
1.3
7.2
0.8
UK
85.6
6.6
6.6
1.2
1999
73.2
2.3
8.9
6.2
1.3
7.3
0.7
HR
80.5
12.2
5.4
1.9
2000
73.0
2.3
8.8
6.3
1.3
7.7
0.7
MK
78.3
19.4
2.3
-
2001
73.3
2.3
8.7
6.2
1.3
7.5
0.7
TR
2002
73.8
2.3
8.6
6.0
1.3
7.3
0.7
IS
88.6
11.4
-
-
2003
73.7
2.3
8.5
5.9
1.3
7.6
0.7
NO
87.7
6.8
4.7
0.8
2004
73.4
2.3
8.5
5.9
1.3
7.9
0.7
CH
78.3
5.3
15.1
1.3
2005
72.8
2.4
8.4
6.0
1.3
8.4
0.6
Notes: If powered two-wheelers are included, they account for 2.6 %
2006
72.9
2.4
8.2
6.1
1.3
8.5
0.6
of the total in EU-27 (2.8 % in EU-15, 1.8 % in EU-12), while the share
of the other modes becomes:
2007
72.7
2.3
8.3
6.0
1.3
8.7
0.6
2008
72.4
2.4
8.4
6.3
1.4
8.6
0.6
EU-27
79.7
9.2
6.9
1.5
EU-15
80.4
8.6
7.1
1.3
Notes: Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport;
provisional estimates.
EU-12
75.9
13.4
6.0
2.9
P2W: Powered 2-wheelers.
118
119
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 3 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 6 , 3 . 3 . 7 , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 3 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 6 , 3 . 3 . 7
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 3 . 4 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 5
Passenger Cars
Buses & Coaches
thousand mio pkm
%
thousand mio pkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
3 893.0 4 322.0 4 563.5 4 679.5 4 760.0 4 725.0
-0.7
EU-27
557.5 499.8 518.2 528.5 527.8 542.0 546.7
0.9
EU-15
3 129.1 3 549.3 3 890.1 4 042.9 4 122.3 4 177.0 4 098.7
-1.9
EU-15
368.7 378.7 402.9 417.6 418.1 433.0 436.4
0.8
EU-12
343.7 431.9 520.6 557.3 582.9 626.3
7.4
EU-12
188.8 121.2 115.4 110.9 109.7 109.0 110.3
1.3
BE
90.18
98.20 105.53 108.88 109.80 112.08 110.90
-1.1
BE
11.37
13.12
13.30
17.52
18.08
20.22
20.37
0.7
BG
25.00
26.90
35.10
37.60
40.40
43.20
6.9
BG
25.96
11.57
14.59
13.69
12.94
13.57
13.84
2.0
CZ
54.50
63.94
68.64
69.63
71.54
72.38
1.2
CZ
18.60
16.17
15.61
16.02
16.12
16.09
-0.2
DK
47.65
48.69
51.21
50.75
51.57
52.91
52.86
-0.1
DK
6.44
7.28
7.42
7.29
7.37
7.38
7.33
-0.7
DE
683.10 815.30 831.27 856.88 863.33 868.00 852.27
-1.8
DE
73.10
68.50
69.00
67.06
66.18
65.37
63.52
-2.8
EE
5.14
6.68
9.93
9.95
10.00
10.50
5.0
EE
4.45
2.05
2.63
2.72
2.88
2.68
2.45
-8.4
IE
28.51
31.56
38.38
43.39
45.14
47.47
49.03
3.3
IE
3.86
5.15
6.11
6.70
6.90
7.30
7.50
2.7
EL
35.00
44.00
63.00
85.00
90.00
95.00 100.00
5.3
EL
17.72
20.22
21.70
21.70
21.80
22.00
22.10
0.5
ES
174.40 250.37 302.61 337.80 340.94 343.29 339.10
-1.2
ES
33.36
39.60
50.28
53.18
49.37
59.16
60.90
2.9
FR
585.59 640.13 699.64 727.36 723.79 727.82 720.17
-1.1
FR
41.28
41.59
42.97
44.15
44.87
47.11
48.55
3.1
IT
522.59 614.71 726.53 688.99 744.86 768.35 719.56
-6.3
IT
83.96
87.15
93.55 101.22 103.05 102.96
103.91
0.9
CY
3.40
3.90
4.80
5.00
5.30
5.75
8.5
CY
0.80
1.00
1.12
1.26
1.28
1.30
1.33
2.3
LV
7.50
11.50
12.11
14.02
15.96
17.00
6.5
LV
5.86
1.84
2.35
2.89
2.78
2.64
2.49
-5.9
LT
16.00
26.00
34.79
39.47
39.12
38.00
-2.9
LT
7.89
4.17
2.76
3.69
3.70
3.62
3.42
-5.5
LU
4.00
4.70
5.60
6.30
6.50
6.60
6.70
1.5
LU
0.48
0.54
0.62
0.80
0.82
0.86
0.91
5.8
HU
47.00
45.40
46.18
46.60
46.85
41.42
42.00
1.4
HU
19.26
16.61
18.73
17.85
17.93
17.15
17.65
3.0
MT
1.70
1.80
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.4
MT
0.40
0.41
0.46
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.51
1.0
NL
137.30 131.40 141.10 148.80 148.00 148.80 147.00
-1.2
NL
13.00
12.00
11.25
11.75
12.00
12.25
12.50
2.0
AT
55.68
62.16
66.67
70.56
70.89
72.02
73.28
1.7
AT
7.97
8.70
9.22
9.32
9.22
9.79
9.55
-2.4
PL
110.70 149.70 197.30 219.24 239.26 273.50
14.3
PL
46.30
34.02
31.74
29.31
28.15
27.36
26.79
-2.1
PT
40.00
52.50
71.00
85.00
86.00
86.60
87.00
0.5
PT
10.30
11.30
11.82
11.10
10.56
10.88
10.93
0.5
RO
40.00
51.00
61.00
64.10
67.50
70.50
4.4
RO
24.01
12.34
12.00
11.81
11.74
12.16
13.88
14.2
SI
13.32
16.34
20.33
22.51
23.01
24.34
24.88
2.2
SI
6.51
4.11
3.50
3.06
3.13
3.24
3.15
-2.8
SK
17.98
23.93
25.82
26.34
25.99
26.40
1.5
SK
14.44
9.32
8.54
8.68
8.65
8.75
1.1
FI
51.20
50.00
55.70
61.91
62.46
63.79
63.40
-0.6
FI
8.50
8.00
7.70
7.54
7.54
7.54
7.54
0.0
SE
85.95
87.62
91.87
97.31
96.99
99.32
98.42
-0.9
SE
9.66
9.70
9.45
8.76
8.87
8.65
8.76
1.2
UK
588.00 618.00 640.00 674.00 682.00 685.00
679.00
-0.9
UK
47.70
45.80
48.50
49.50
51.50
51.50
52.00
1.0
HR
12.50
20.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
3.8
HR
7.00
4.05
3.33
3.40
3.54
3.81
4.09
7.5
MK
3.70
4.20
4.50
4.60
4.70
5.00
6.4
MK
0.90
0.90
1.09
1.02
1.03
1.24
20.6
TR
34.33
52.65
79.00 100.00 108.00 114.00 120.00
5.3
TR
85.67
87.39
95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00
4.8
IS
3.03
3.77
4.56
4.87
5.08
4.94
-2.6
IS
0.39
0.49
0.59
0.62
0.65
0.64
-2.6
NO
43.50
44.73
51.17
54.03
54.94
56.67
57.74
1.9
NO
3.89
3.75
4.14
4.31
4.26
4.27
4.36
2.2
CH
73.27
73.49
78.63
81.42
81.89
82.49
83.57
1.3
CH
3.32
5.53
5.26
5.69
6.01
6.14
6.10
-0.6
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable.
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable.
Many data for 2008 are provisional.
Many data for 2008 are provisional.
BE: include pkm by vehicles registered as light goods vehicles
CS: 1990: 43.4 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals);
but used as personal cars;
RO: data include only regular interurban transport;
UK: data refer to Great Britain only; include pkm by vans.
UK: GB data + 1.5 bln pkm throughout to account for Northern Ireland.
120
121
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m ,
Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
s t u d y fo r D G E n e rg y a n d Tra n s p o r t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 3 . 6 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 7
Tram & Metro
Railways
thousand mio pkm
%
thousand mio pkm
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
71.1
77.1
82.4
84.2
85.9
89.0
3.5
EU-27
400.7
350.5
370.7
377.0
388.9
395.3
409.2
3.5
EU-15
49.0
48.8
54.7
59.9
61.6
63.2
64.7
2.4
EU-15
268.9
276.1
309.4
327.4
338.5
345.2
359.9
4.3
EU-12
22.3
22.5
22.5
22.5
22.7
24.3
6.8
EU-12
131.8
74.4
61.4
49.6
50.3
50.1
49.3
-1.6
BE
0.74
0.80
0.87
0.93
0.95
0.97
1.00
3.1
BE
6.54
6.76
7.73
9.15
9.61
9.93
10.40
4.7
BG
0.59
0.28
0.42
0.43
0.45
0.44
0.49
9.7
BG
7.79
4.69
3.47
2.39
2.42
2.42
2.34
-3.7
CZ
7.69
8.07
7.93
7.80
7.75
9.14
18.0
CZ
13.31
8.02
7.30
6.67
6.92
6.90
6.80
-1.4
DK
-
-
-
0.16
0.16
0.18
0.20
10.2
DK
5.05
4.89
5.54
5.97
6.11
6.18
6.28
1.7
DE
15.10
14.43
14.60
15.49
15.57
15.92
16.19
1.7
DE
61.02
70.98
75.40
74.95
77.80
79.10
81.76
3.4
EE
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
-4.2
EE
1.51
0.42
0.26
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.1
IE
-
-
-
0.11
0.11
0.18
0.14
-19.4
IE
1.23
1.29
1.39
1.78
1.87
2.01
1.98
-1.5
EL
0.83
0.74
1.19
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.66
3.7
EL
1.98
1.57
1.89
1.85
1.81
1.93
1.66
-14.3
ES
4.38
4.25
5.23
6.00
6.20
6.40
6.50
1.6
ES
15.48
16.58
20.14
21.62
22.11
21.86
23.97
9.7
FR
10.18
8.93
10.85
12.44
12.73
12.64
13.33
5.4
FR
63.74
55.56
69.87
76.47
78.79
80.31
84.97
5.8
IT
4.21
5.27
5.61
6.03
6.27
6.62
6.47
-2.2
IT
44.71
46.65
49.57
50.47
50.89
49.68
49.80
0.2
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
0.73
0.30
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.26
-7.6
LV
5.37
1.37
0.72
0.89
0.99
0.98
0.95
-3.3
LT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LT
3.64
1.13
0.61
0.43
0.43
0.41
0.40
-2.7
LU
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LU
0.21
0.29
0.33
0.27
0.30
0.32
0.35
9.2
HU
2.50
2.57
2.35
2.28
2.28
2.34
2.4
HU
11.40
8.44
9.69
9.85
9.66
8.75
8.29
-5.2
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
1.26
1.38
1.43
1.50
1.50
1.52
1.55
2.0
NL
11.06
16.35
14.67
15.15
15.89
16.33
16.00
-2.0
AT
2.80
3.30
3.58
3.77
3.87
3.87
3.96
2.4
AT
8.91
10.12
8.74
9.06
9.30
9.42
10.84
15.1
PL
5.00
4.70
4.40
4.45
4.60
4.60
0.0
PL
50.37
26.64
24.09
18.16
18.55
19.86
20.19
1.7
PT
0.67
0.53
0.53
0.85
0.99
1.05
1.09
4.3
PT
5.66
4.81
4.03
3.81
3.88
3.99
4.21
5.7
RO
6.00
6.00
6.60
6.80
6.90
7.00
1.4
RO
30.58
18.88
11.63
7.99
8.09
7.48
6.88
-8.0
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SI
1.43
0.60
0.71
0.78
0.80
0.81
0.83
2.7
SK
0.44
0.35
0.39
0.38
0.39
0.37
-7.0
SK
6.38
4.20
2.87
2.18
2.21
2.17
2.30
6.1
FI
0.35
0.39
0.50
0.53
0.52
0.52
0.53
2.3
FI
3.33
3.18
3.41
3.48
3.54
3.78
4.05
7.3
SE
2.01
1.94
1.98
2.01
2.14
2.20
2.24
1.6
SE
6.60
6.84
8.24
8.94
9.62
10.26
11.02
7.4
UK
6.50
6.81
8.30
8.64
9.07
9.54
9.84
3.1
UK
33.40
30.27
38.41
44.42
47.04
50.17
52.68
5.0
HR
0.53
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.66
0.62
-5.7
HR
3.43
1.14
1.25
1.27
1.36
1.61
1.81
12.4
MK
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MK
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.11
0.11
0.15
35.8
TR
TR
6.41
5.80
5.83
5.04
5.28
5.55
5.10
-8.2
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
0.42
0.38
0.50
0.52
0.51
0.54
0.57
6.9
NO
2.10
2.38
2.64
2.72
2.83
2.97
3.06
3.0
CH
1.50
1.40
1.46
1.47
1.53
1.56
1.9
CH
12.68
11.71
12.62
16.14
16.58
17.43
18.03
3.4
Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable across countries.
FR: data refer to the Paris Metro and RER (Réseau Express Régional) systems
and to metros in other French cities;
PT: data refer only to Lisbon and Porto Metro.
122
123
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, I n te r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f Pu b l i c Tra n s p o r t ,
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e
s t u d y fo r D G E n e rg y a n d Tra n s p o r t , e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 3 . 8 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT EXPRESSED IN PASSENGERKILOMETRES
3 . 3 . 9
Rail
USA
HIGH SPEED RAIL TRANSPORT * 1
PERFORMANCE BY MODE OF TRANSPORT: PASSENGERS
thousand mio pkm
%
thousand mio pkm
LIGHT AND
72
PASSENGER MOTOR
COMMUTER
CARS *
CYCLES
RAILWAY
BUS
RAIL
AIR
TOTAL
BE
CZ
DE
ES
FR
IT
NL
PT
SI
FI
SE
UK
EU
CHANGE
1990
5 280.5
20.0
28.2
195.7
12.3
556.6 6 093.3
1990
-
-
-
- 14.92
0.30
-
-
-
-
0.01
- 15.23
1995
5 702.0
17.3
25.9
219.3
14.7
650.0 6 629.2
1996
5 850.6
17.6
26.7
224.2
15.0
699.5 6 833.5
1991
-
-
2.00
- 17.87
0.40
-
-
-
-
0.09
- 20.36
33.7
1997
6 021.7
17.8
27.7
233.8
14.6
725.2 7 040.9
1992
-
-
5.20
0.40 18.96
0.40
-
-
-
-
0.15
- 25.11
23.3
1998
6 186.9
18.2
28.3
239.4
15.8
745.5 7 234.2
1993
-
-
7.00
0.90 18.93
0.50
-
-
-
-
0.27
- 27.60
9.9
1999
6 320.7
18.7
29.3
261.7
16.0
785.9 7 432.5
2000
6 456.9
18.5
31.1
259.3
17.3
855.1 7 638.2
1994
-
-
8.20
0.90 20.51
0.80
-
-
-
-
0.31
30.72 11.3
2001
6 816.1
18.9
31.8
241.8
17.7
808.5 7 934.8
1995
-
-
8.70
1.29 21.43
1.10
-
-
-
-
0.42
32.94
7.2
2002
6 912.4
19.5
30.8
233.9
17.6
778.0 7 992.2
2003
6 997.4
19.6
31.0
231.7
17.8
813.1 8 110.6
1996
0.32
-
8.85
1.10 24.79
1.30
0.03
-
-
0.02
1.10
37.52 13.9
2004
7 188.3
20.7
32.0
232.3
18.2
897.8 8 389.3
1997
0.56
- 10.07
1.30 27.58
2.40
0.07
-
-
0.05
1.33
43.36 15.6
2005
7 248.7
21.4
31.9
238.4
18.0
939.5 8 497.9
2006
7 318.9
24.6
32.4
231.7
19.7
947.0 8 574.3
1998
0.79
- 10.16
1.52 29.98
3.64
0.09
-
-
0.06
1.61
47.83 10.3
2007
7 356.0
27.8
35.3
238.4
21.0
977.8 8 656.3
1999
0.80
- 11.59
1.67 32.36
4.46
0.10
-
-
0.05
1.81
52.86 10.5
2008
7 201.8
29.6
37.1
243.0
21.1
939.1 8 471.6
2000
0.87
- 13.93
1.94 34.75
5.09
0.11
-
-
0.07
2.05
58.80 11.2
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
2001
0.89
- 15.52
2.08 37.40
6.76
0.19
-
-
0.06
2.23
65.13 10.8
% PER YEAR
2002
0.91
- 15.26
2.18 39.86
7.08
0.20
-
-
0.14
2.39
68.01
4.4
LIGHT AND
2003
0.88
- 17.46
2.03 39.60
7.43
0.66
-
-
0.20
2.40
70.66
3.9
PASSENGER MOTOR
COMMUTER
2004
0.94
0.00 19.60
2.09 41.44
7.93
0.66
0.44
-
0.16
2.42
0.44 76.11
7.7
CARS *
CYCLES
RAILWAY
BUS
RAIL
AIR
TOTAL
2002
1.4
3.2
-3.1
-3.3
-0.4
-3.8
0.7
2005
0.98
0.01 20.85
2.32 43.13
8.55
0.69
0.49
-
0.31
2.33
0.45 80.11
5.3
2003
1.2
0.3
0.8
-0.9
0.9
4.5
1.5
2006
1.00
0.15 21.64
2.70 44.85
8.91
0.73
0.51
-
0.44
2.49
0.90 84.32
5.2
2004
2.7
5.7
3.0
0.3
2.4
10.4
3.4
2005
0.8
3.3
-0.3
2.6
-1.1
4.6
1.3
2007
1.02
0.33 21.92
2.59 47.97
8.82
0.80
0.51
-
0.58
2.78
1.39 88.70
5.2
2006
1.0
15.3
1.7
-2.8
9.4
0.8
0.9
2008
1.08
0.25 23.33
5.48 52.56
8.88
0.87
0.53
0.01
0.62
2.99
0.99 97.60
10.0
2007
0.5
13.0
8.9
2.9
6.9
3.2
1.0
2008
-2.1
6.3
5.0
1.9
0.3
-4.0
-2.1
'90/'95
1.5
-2.8
-1.7
2.3
3.5
3.1
1.7
SHARE OF HIGH SPEED RAIL TRANSPORT
'95/'00
2.5
1.3
3.7
3.4
3.4
5.6
2.9
IN TOTAL PASSENGERKILOMETRES IN RAIL TRANSPORT **
'00/'08
1.4
6.0
2.2
-0.8
2.5
1.2
1.3
%
MODAL SPLIT
%
BE
CZ
DE
ES
FR
IT
NL
PT
SI
FI
SE
UK EU27
LIGHT AND
2000 11.2
18.5
9.6 49.7 10.3
0.8
2.1 24.8
15.9
PASSENGER MOTOR
COMMUTER
2001 11.1
20.5 10.0 52.3 13.5
1.3
1.8 25.5
17.5
CARS *
CYCLES
RAILWAY
BUS
RAIL
AIR
1990
86.7 0.3 0.5 3.2 0.2 9.1
2002 11.0
21.5 10.3 54.2 14.4
1.4
4.1 26.9
18.6
1995
86.0 0.3 0.4 3.3 0.2 9.8
2003 10.6
24.5
9.6 55.2 15.3
4.8
6.0 27.2
19.5
2000
84.5 0.2 0.4 3.4 0.2 11.2
2001
85.9 0.2 0.4 3.0 0.2 10.2
2004 10.8
0.0 27.0 10.2 55.8 16.1
4.5 11.8
4.8 28.0
1.0
20.7
2002
86.5 0.2 0.4 2.9 0.2 9.7
2005 10.7
0.1 27.8 10.7 56.4 16.9
4.5 12.9
8.9 26.1
1.0
21.3
2003
86.3 0.2 0.4 2.9 0.2 10.0
2004
85.7 0.2 0.4 2.8 0.2 10.7
2006 10.4
2.1 27.8 12.2 56.9 17.5
4.6 13.1
12.3 25.9
1.9
21.7
2005
85.3 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.2 11.1
2007 10.2
4.8 27.7 11.9 59.7 17.7
4.9 12.7
15.4 27.0
2.8
22.4
2006
85.4 0.3 0.4 2.7 0.2 11.0
2007
85.0 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.2 11.3
2008 10.4
3.7 28.5 22.9 61.9 17.8
5.4 12.5
1.7 15.4 27.2
1.9
23.9
2008
85.0 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.2 11.1
Notes: (1) In this table, high-speed rail transport covers all traffic with high-speed rolling
Notes: (*) Passenger Cars (2008: 4 109 billion pkm) and
stock (incl. tilting trains able to run 200 km/h). This does not necessarily require
other 2-axle 4-tyre vehicles (2008: 3 093 billion pkm).
high-speed infrastructure as defined in table 3.5.4.
Air: up until 2001: including General aviation.
124
125
S o u rce : ( * ) U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r,
S o u rce : U. S . D e p a r t m e n t o f Tra n s p o r t a t i o n
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s ) ; ( * * ) t a b l e 3 . 3 . 7
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1
Air
Air
PASSENGER TRAFFIC BETWEEN MEMBER STATES
PASSENGER TRAFFIC BETWEEN MEMBER STATES
2008
TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED *
INCLUDING DOMESTIC FLIGHTS THOUSAND
PARTNER
REPORTER
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
BE
48.0
146.8
309. 3
474.9 1 376. 5
30. 5
398.9
773.8 3 545.9 1 293.3 2 298.4
55.0
72 . 2
66 . 5
0 . 7
273 . 8
84 . 4
219 . 4
472 . 5
351. 7
744 . 6
184 . 8
101. 0
0 . 0
214 . 5
375 . 9 1 396 . 3
BG
144. 3
140. 8
305. 9
134. 2 1 269. 3
14. 3
90. 2
116.1
206.7
213.0
294.1
81. 2
11.1
7. 8
10 . 9
137. 0
15 . 3
145 . 9
395 . 8
138 . 6
10 . 0
31. 2
3 . 8
81. 6
104 . 3
123 . 9
953 . 4
CZ
307.0
300.9
271.1
272 . 3 1 104. 2
85.1
320.1
802 .8
837.1
846. 6
914.0
113. 9
79.6
91. 5
5 . 5
169 . 3
8 . 4
444 . 0
142 . 9
171.1
66 . 9
119 . 0
36 . 7
274 . 3
142 . 8
159 . 0 1 811. 4
DK
467.1
144. 5
274. 8 2 004.1 2 159. 5
146.8
250.6
657. 3 2 113.4 1 182. 3
873. 2
74. 7
176 .9
221. 4
76 . 3
171. 9
35 . 6
994 . 9
399 .1
395 .1
213 . 4
36 . 0
20 . 0
0 . 2
762 . 4 1 746 . 5 2 404 . 5
DE
1 357.4 1 252 .0 1 081.4 2 145. 3 25 183 .1
184.9 1 548 . 3 4 756 . 8 21 701. 8 6 994. 8 10 504.6
334.1
554. 2
464 . 4
207 .1 1 474 . 9
479 . 0 2 672 . 4 5 820 . 6 2 801. 8 2 503 . 4 1 108 .1
225 . 4
147 . 4 1 481. 3 2 591.1 11 025 . 6
EE
30. 3
14. 5
85.0
146.7
185. 9
21. 0
14.1
40. 7
67. 0
16. 7
45.1
0. 7
77. 7
83 . 2
0 . 3
86 . 5
29 . 7
14 . 3
10 . 3
0 . 0
0 . 5
174 . 0
163 . 6
158 .1
IE
399.4
104 .4
323. 3
250. 5 1 558. 9
13 .9
845. 3
154 . 7 3 544 .1 2 027. 2 1 158 . 5
40. 3
216 . 5
237 . 6
17 . 7
276 . 7
61 . 0
773 . 9
188 . 3 1 227 . 9
633 . 0
47 . 7
3 . 2
209 . 0
82 . 5
165 . 2 12 195 . 2
EL
757. 3
117.4
815. 4
654 .1 4 834 .1
40. 7
155 . 9 6 564 . 2
546 . 8 1 659 . 4 2 159 . 0 1 215.4
52 . 7
62 . 7
56 . 0
283 . 2
25 . 6 1 470 . 0
878 . 4
566 . 3
9 . 3
298 . 7
101. 3
159 . 2
353 . 6
711. 0 5 196 . 3
ES
3 588 .1
209. 3
868 .1 2 030 . 0 22 038 .4
66 . 8 3 519. 3
549. 2 40 791. 9 8 435. 0 9 909. 9
1. 6
63 . 6
69 . 7
237. 5
320 . 3
127. 2 4 891. 5 1 227. 5
649 . 2 2 822 . 8
905 . 9
23 . 4
86 . 7 1 002 . 0 2 152 . 2 34 773 .1
FR
1 233.6
212 . 2
845. 7 1 109. 0 7 108. 5
16 . 8 1 981. 0 1 554 . 9 8 401.7 26 933. 9 8 020. 5
113. 6
81. 4
58 . 6
119 .1
459 . 8
154 . 4 2 429 . 4 1 015 .1
785 .1 2 360 . 5
490 . 8
142 . 2
114 . 5
516 . 5 1 156 . 2 11 618 . 8
IT
2 306 .1
293 . 6
916.0
877.4 10 359 .4
44 .9 1 154 .7 2 188 . 3 9 852 . 6 8 257. 3 28 337. 9
84 .1
171. 3
107. 5
103 . 4
477. 7
516 .1 2 745 . 0 1 075 . 6
788 . 7 1 067. 4 1 657. 2
2 . 6
192 . 8
532 .1
739 . 4 10 693 . 9
CY
41. 5
81. 9
118 . 0
74 . 0
336. 2
1.1
38 . 9 1 215. 7
1.6
124 .4
84 .0
0 . 2
2 . 8
4 . 6
8 . 6
57. 8
26 . 7
104 . 2
172 . 6
62 . 8
0 .1
101. 6
1.1
6 . 4
63 .1
239 . 2 2 959 . 7
LV
70 . 8
10 . 6
79. 7
179 . 5
558 .1
78 .1
217. 2
52 .4
60 . 6
81. 5
169. 6
2 . 8
30 . 9
86 . 5
0 . 1
0 . 0
0 . 2
103 .1
63 . 0
33 . 4
0 . 5
0 . 3
0 .1
0 .1
240 . 0
217. 3
464 . 4
LT
59. 4
7. 9
91. 9
220 .4
258. 8
83.1
235. 2
62 .1
71. 5
60. 5
107. 2
4. 5
85. 9
0 . 2
0 . 0
1. 0
5 . 7
94 . 2
38 . 5
46 .1
1. 2
0 . 2
0 .1
104 . 4
47 . 6
356 . 9
LU
2 . 2
11. 8
5. 7
76 . 2
236 . 5
0.0
17.7
57. 0
234 . 8
122 . 0
103. 7
8 . 6
0 .1
0 . 0
0 . 3
0 . 0
4 . 6
74 . 4
64 . 3
0 . 0
131. 4
1. 6
0 . 2
0 . 0
0 . 0
3 .1
227. 2
HU
269 . 0
128 . 2
157. 8
170 . 8 1 428 . 3
0 . 0
258 . 8
275. 5
306 . 9
448 . 5
473 . 9
57. 7
0 . 0
1. 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
18 . 8
357.1
71. 9
120 . 5
55 . 3
265 . 7
21. 4
0 . 3
179 . 2
272 . 8 1 053 .1
MT
82 .4
15 . 8
8 .4
38 . 2
477.1
0 . 2
60 . 5
25. 3
126 .4
154 . 0
485 . 7
26 . 7
0 . 2
5 . 7
4 . 2
18 . 8
0 . 0
76 . 6
73 . 6
6 .1
4 . 6
8 .1
3 . 8
0 . 0
17. 2
57. 6 1 071. 3
NL
206 .4
146 .4
446 . 9
993 . 7 2 683 . 3
86.1
778 . 2 1 480 . 4 4 893 . 2 2 597. 9 2 746 . 2
103 . 8
103 . 7
93 . 0
74 . 9
358 . 7
76 . 2
43 . 6
603 . 8
379 . 3 1 028 . 5
302 . 0
29 . 3
0 . 4
427 .7 1 005 .1 7 678 . 7
AT
468 . 8
395 . 4
141. 3
396 . 5 5 824 . 9
29 . 8
186 . 5
872 . 4 1 205 . 7 1 011. 0 1 072 . 0
170 . 6
62 . 5
38 . 7
60 .1
72 . 3
60 . 6
600 . 5
701. 9
274 . 3
93 . 7
503 . 0
80 . 9
32 . 3
211. 5
340 . 8 1 808 . 8
PL
351.1
134 . 6
171. 3
390 . 7 2 789 . 4
14 . 2 1 040 . 9
545 . 2
653 . 3
808 . 4
800 . 5
62 . 8
33 . 2
46 . 2
0 .1
121. 2
5 . 9
378 . 0
272 . 3
957 . 3
65 . 6
60 . 3
12 . 9
1. 2
195 . 4
542 . 7 4 338 . 9
PT
752 . 3
10 .1
74 .1
209 . 8 2 539 . 2
10 . 8
641 . 8
8 . 2 2 891. 2 2 396 . 9 1 049 . 9
0 . 2
0 . 5
1. 3
150 .1
50 . 4
4 . 8 1 056 . 9
94 . 9
72 . 3 2 876 . 6
27. 4
0 . 2
0 . 8
123 . 4
175 . 5 5 473 .1
RO
174 . 4
34 . 5
119 .1
34 . 7 1 024 . 9
0 . 0
47. 4
292 . 8
865 . 2
446 . 6 1 531. 2
102 . 9
0 . 2
0 . 0
0 . 0
204 . 4
6 . 2
299 . 2
448 . 8
65 . 8
25 . 0
670 . 5
7. 5
0 . 2
27. 4
0 .1
477. 8
SI
100 . 8
3 . 9
36 . 5
19 . 7
226 . 4
0 .1
3 . 2
101. 9
22 . 4
142 . 8
2 .1
1.1
0.1
0 . 0
0 . 2
20 . 4
3 . 7
29 .1
82 .1
12 . 9
0 . 2
6 . 4
0 . 0
0 .1
27. 4
8 . 3
158 .1
SK
0 .1
71. 7
261. 7
0 . 2
146 . 3
0 . 2
206 . 2
156 .1
86 . 2
114 . 7
193 . 3
6 . 3
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 .1
0 . 0
0 . 7
32 . 3
1.1
0 . 9
0 . 2
0 .1
192 . 7
0 . 4
64 . 3
674 . 7
FI
212 . 0
104 . 9
137. 2
759 .1 1 481. 5
179 . 0
81. 0
346 . 9
989 . 9
516 . 5
532 . 0
60 . 9
236. 9
104 . 0
0 .1
177 . 3
14 . 9
426 . 2
210 . 7
194 . 0
121. 2
25 . 4
27. 4
0 . 3 2 729 .1 1 259 . 8
953 . 2
SE
373. 7
117. 4
158 . 3 1 666 . 3 2 574 . 0
169 . 5
165 .1
709 . 9 2 070 . 7 1 203 . 7
758 . 3
231. 8
217. 4
48 . 0
3 .1
272 . 7
57 . 3
962 . 9
340 . 0
545 . 6
178 . 3
0 . 2
8 .1
64 . 9 1 263 . 5 6 740 . 6 2 299 . 2
358 . 6
245 . 4 1 096 . 2 1 100 . 8 7 656 . 4 1 825 . 5 5 022 . 8 5 435 . 0
488 . 4
158 . 4
715 . 6
960 . 9 2 296 . 4 2 4 888 .5
UK
1 398 . 2
992 . 3 1 817. 0 2 401. 5 11 148 . 3
156 . 8 12 253 . 6 5 199 . 4 34 555 . 8 12 160 . 3 10 738 . 5 2 951. 2
464 . 2
Notes: (*) passengers carried are fewer than passengers on board, due to
transit passengers staying on board the aircraft not being counted.
126
127
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
3 . 4 . 2
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 3
Air
Air
MAJOR REGULAR EUROPEAN AIRLINES
PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS
DOMESTIC + INTERNATIONAL
PASSENGERS CARRIED *
THOUSAND MILLION REVENUE PASSENGERKILOMETRES
%
(arriving + departing + in transit)
MILLION PASSENGERS
%
ANKING
'07/'08
ANKING
'07/'08
R AIRLINE AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
R AIRPORT AND COUNTRY 2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Air France (1)
FR
91.848 115.879 123.336 128.754 131.657 2.3
1 London / Heathrow
UK
64.29
67.68
67.34
67.85
66.91
-1.4
2 Deutsche Lufthansa
DE
94.289 112.794 114.672 122.091 126.267 3.4
2 Paris / Charles de Gaulle FR
49.67
53.38
56.45
59.55
60.50
+1.6
3 British Airways
UK
119.385 110.939 114.896 118.348 115.734 -2.2
3 Frankfurt (Main)
DE
48.96
51.79
52.40
53.86
53.19
-1.2
KLM Royal
4 Madrid / Barajas
ES
32.71
41.72
45.06
51.21
50.37
-1.6
4
NL
60.331 68.322 71.769 74.496 77.530 4.1
Dutch Airlines (1)
5 Amsterdam / Schiphol NL
39.27
44.08
46.00
47.76
47.40
-0.7
5 Ryanair (2)
IE
4.989 32.560 39.801 48.147 56.500 17.3
6 Roma / Fiumicino
IT
25.94
27.78
28.95
32.40
34.81
+7.4
7 München
DE
22.87
28.45
30.61
33.82
34.40
+1.7
6 Iberia
ES
40.043 48.917 52.423 54.198 52.846 -2.5
8 London / Gatwick
UK
31.95
32.69
34.08
35.17
34.16
-2.9
7 Easyjet (3)
UK
4.730 27.448 31.621 36.976 47.690 29.0
9 Barcelona
ES
19.44
27.02
29.90
32.74
30.36
-7.3
8 Air Berlin
DE
7.813 20.530 42.770 46.070 44.310 -3.8
10 Paris / Orly
FR
23.83
24.85
25.60
26.42
26.19
-0.9
Virgin
9
UK
29.471 32.118 35.279 40.546 41.174 1.5
11 Dublin
IE
13.66
18.33
21.06
23.20
23.38
+0.8
Atlantic Airways
12 Palma de Mallorca
ES
19.25
21.22
22.40
23.17
22.81
-1.6
10 THY Turkish Airlines
TR
17.396 20.452 24.334 28.827 31.953 10.8
13 London / Stansted
UK
11.86
21.99
23.68
23.76
22.34
-6.0
11 Alitalia
IT
40.846 37.236 37.736 38.079 29.205
-23.3
14 København / Kastrup DK
18.11
19.82
20.69
21.29
21.69
+1.8
12 SWISS Intern. Airlines CH
3.481 20.471 22.076 25.106 28.140 12.1
15 Manchester
UK
18.32
22.08
22.12
21.89
21.06
-3.8
DK/
16 Wien / Schwechat
AT
11.91
15.80
16.81
18.72
19.69
+5.2
SAS
13
NO
22.922 27.724 27.506 27.304 27.890 2.1
Scandinavian Airlines
17 Milano / Malpensa
IT
20.55
19.49
21.62
23.63
19.01 -19.5
/SE
Brussel-Bruxelles /
18
BE
21.60
15.95
16.59
17.74
18.37
+3.5
14 TAP Portugal
PT
10.414 14.536 16.649 19.135 21.908 14.5
Brussels
15 Finnair
FI
7.467 11.174 12.658 15.563 16.708 7.4
19 Stockholm / Arlanda
SE
18.61
17.16
17.54
17.90
18.13
+1.2
16 Austrian Airlines
AT
8.799 18.835 19.890 17.427 16.458 -5.6
20 Düsseldorf
DE
15.91
15.39
16.51
17.78
18.10
+1.8
17 Aer Lingus
IE
8.900 13.100 13.363 14.807 16.277 9.9
Athinai /
21
EL
Eleftherios Venizelos
13.35
14.27
15.07
16.53
16.36
-1.0
bmi British
18
UK
4.484
5.558
8.652 9.724 10.325 6.2
22 Berlin / Tegel
DE
10.24
11.47
11.77
13.33
14.45
+8.4
Midland Airways
23 Lisboa
PT
9.21
11.24
12.28
13.39
13.60
+1.6
19 Spanair
ES
9.656
6.189
8.325 9.543 8.900
-6.7
24 Helsinki / Vantaa
FI
10.00
11.13
12.14
13.15
13.43
+2.2
20 SN Brussels Airlines
BE
2.347
4.559
4.851 7.555 7.365
-2.5
25 Hamburg
DE
9.82
10.57
11.87
12.69
12.78
+0.7
21 LOT Polish Airlines
PL
5.714
6.223
6.720 7.288 6.711
-7.9
26 Malaga
ES
9.36
12.61
13.04
13.57
12.75
-6.0
22 Olympic Airlines
EL
8.884
7.340
7.042 7.231 6.610
-8.6
27 Praha / Ruzyne
CZ
5.55
10.72
11.51
12.36
12.59
+1.8
23 CSA Czech Airlines
CZ
3.623
6.390
6.388 6.051 5.952
-1.6
28 Nice / Côte d'Azur
FR
9.33
9.74
9.93
10.38
10.36
-0.2
24 Air One
IT
3.153
3.345 4.081 4.229 3.6
29 Köln-Bonn
DE
6.19
9.39
9.81
10.40
10.30
-1.0
Malev
30 London / Luton
UK
6.16
9.13
9.41
9.92
10.17
+2.6
25
HU
3.556
3.732
4.140 4.165 4.062
-2.5
Hungarian Airlines
Las Palmas /
31
ES
9.12
9.69
9.97
10.04
9.98
-0.6
26 Icelandair
IS
4.113
4.307
4.254 4.354 3.829
-12.1
Gran Canaria
27 Cyprus Airways
CY
2.787
3.187
3.267 3.383 3.380
-0.1
32 Stuttgart
DE
7.98
9.25
10.02
10.27
9.88
-3.8
33 Birmingham
UK
7.49
9.31
9.06
9.13
9.58
+4.8
28 Air Malta
MT
2.923
2.250
2.385 2.230 2.305 3.4
34 Alicante
ES
5.98
8.93
8.86
9.09
9.56
+5.2
TAROM Romanian
29
RO
2.160
1.448
1.537 2.063 2.158 4.6
35 Warszawa / Okecie
PL
Air Transport
4.33
7.08
8.12
9.23
9.48
+2.8
36 Milano / Linate
IT
6.02
9.09
9.69
9.91
9.26
-6.5
30 Croatia Airlines
HR
0.644
0.974
1.005 1.084 1.217
12.3
37 Edinburgh
UK
5.37
8.45
8.61
9.04
8.99
-0.5
31 JAT airways
SB
0.959
1.095 1.144 1.147 0.3
38 Budapest / Ferihegy
HU
4.68
7.92
8.25
8.58
8.43
-1.8
32 Adria Airways
SI
0.866
0.707
0.773 0.863 1.003
16.2
39 Glasgow
UK
6.81
8.78
8.82
8.73
8.14
-6.8
33 Luxair
LU
0.997
0.565
0.515 0.466 0.495 6.2
Tenerife Sur /
40
ES
8.72
8.78
8.53
8.33
8.05
-3.3
Notes: Scheduled and non-scheduled flights.
Reina Sofia
(1) Air France and KLM merged in 2004 to build Air France KLM Group.
Notes: (*) 'Passengers carried' do not include direct transit passengers, i.e. transit passen-
(2) Ryanair: Year up to 30 March of the following year. 2008: own estimation,
gers who stay on board the aircraft and continue their flight with the same flight
based on evolution of passenger numbers.
number. Where the number of passengers carried was not available, the number
(3) Easyjet: Financial year up to 30 September of the year indicated.
of 'passengers on board' (i.e. incl. direct transit passengers) is given in italics.
128
129
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n o f Eu ro p e a n A i r l i n e s, I n te r n a t i o n a l A i r Tra n s p o r t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , a i r p o r t s
As s o c i a t i o n , a i r co m p a n i e s, ow n e s t i m a t e s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 4 a PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 4 b
Air: MAIN INTRAEU AIRPORT PAIRS
Air: MAIN CONNECTIONS BETWEEN EU AND
IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT
NONEU AIRPORTS IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT
TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED
TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED
(arriving + departing from
(arriving + departing from
THOUSAND
THOUSAND
first named airport)
first named airport)
ANKING
ANKING
R AIRPORT PAIRS
2005
2006
2007
2008
R AIRPORT PAIRS
2005
2006
2007
2008
1 Madrid / Barajas – Barcelona
4 358.3 4 442.4 4 627.4 3 497.7
1 London / Heathrow – New York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
2 940
2 752
2 839
2 803
2 Milano / Linate – Roma / Fiumicino
2 414.6 2 387.0 2 510.1 2 476.2
2 London / Heathrow – Dubai Intl, United Arab Emirates
1 183
1 374
1 571
1 652
3 Paris / Orly – Toulouse / Blagnac
2 327.1 2 350.5 2 327.1 2 325.3
3 London / Heathrow – Hong Kong Intl, China
1 258
1 417
1 453
1 494
4 Nice / Côte d'Azur – Paris / Orly
2 262.6 2 318.9 2 311.7 2 280.9
4 London / Heathrow – Los Angeles Intl, CA, USA
1 383
1 429
1 406
1 461
5 London / Heathrow – Dublin
2 089.4 1 991.1 1 974.4 1 811.5
5 London / Heathrow – Chicago / O'Hare Intl, IL, USA
1 522
1 521
1 605
1 460
6 London / Heathrow – Amsterdam / Schiphol
1 895.0 1 846.4 1 799.1 1 709.4
6 København / Kastrup – Oslo / Gardermoen, Norway
1 247
1 285
1 332
1 302
7 Palma de Mallorca – Madrid / Barajas
1 641.5 1 757.3 1 758.0 1 707.7
7 Paris / Charles de Gaulle –
1 730
1 659
1 729
1 214
New York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
8 München – Hamburg
1 450.5 1 582.9 1 756.9 1 704.8
8 Paris / Charles de Gaulle –
929
977
1 057
1 105
Montreal / Pierre Elliot Trudeau Intl, Canada
9 Catania / Fontanarossa – Roma / Fiumicino
1 368.7 1 371.6 1 534.2 1 668.7
9 London / Heathrow – Singapore / Changi, Singapore
996
1 086
1 075
1 066
10 Frankfurt (Main) – Berlin / Tegel
1 545.6 1 541.1 1 647.9 1 600.8
10 Stockholm / Arlanda – Oslo / Gardermoen, Norway
937
1 036
1 057
1 047
11 Las Palmas / Gran Canaria – Madrid / Barajas
1 388.1 1 434.4 1 541.3 1 596.7
11 London / Heathrow – Washington / Dulles Intl, DC, USA
1 074
1 040
1 055
1 041
12 Palma de Mallorca – Barcelona
1 689.3 1 740.3 1 784.9 1 585.9
12 London / Heathrow –
1 067
1 046
1 024
993
Toronto / Lester B. Pearson Intl, Canada
13 München – Düsseldorf
1 381.5 1 362.2 1 528.9 1 562.5
13 London / Heathrow – San Francisco Intl, CA, USA
1 005
1 027
1 032
986
14 München – Berlin / Tegel
1 419.2 1 424.7 1 509.9 1 550.8
14 London / Heathrow – Johannesburg Intl, South Africa
995
998
1 003
944
15 London / Heathrow – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
2 011.1 1 970.8 1 790.0 1 489.5
15 Madrid / Barajas –
873
965
992
919
16 Roma / Fiumicino – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
1 238.4 1 269.6 1 336.6 1 439.6
Bueons Aires / Ezeiza Ministro Pistarini, Argentina
16 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Tokio Intl, Japan
926
955
972
919
17 Tenerife Norte – Madrid / Barajas
1 359.4 1 170.1 1 191.0 1 333.5
17 London / Heathrow – Newark / Liberty Intl, NJ, USA
740
689
710
883
18 London / Heathrow – Edinburgh
1 659.9 1 495.0 1 436.5 1 318.9
18 London / Heathrow – Zürich, Switzerland
905
940
909
870
19 London / Heathrow – Frankfurt (Main)
1 530.4 1 513.3 1 450.1 1 272.0
19 London / Heathrow –
929
931
889
843
20 Roma / Fiumicino – Palermo / Punta Raisi
1 111.2 1 134.8 1 244.2 1 258.6
Boston / Gen. E. Lawrence Logan Intl, MA, USA
21 Hamburg – Frankfurt (Main)
1 288.3 1 289.7 1 297.4 1 254.2
20 London / Heathrow –
725
1 007
1 006
840
Mumbai / Chhatrapati Shivaji Intl, India
22 Amsterdam / Schiphol – Barcelona
1 103.9 1 235.2 1 271.7 1 230.0
21 London / Heathrow –
823
797
824
832
Sydney / Kingsford Smith Intl, Australia
23 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Madrid / Barajas
859.9 1 072.4 1 235.7 1 229.5
22 London / Heathrow – Narita Intl, Japan
992
915
886
831
24 München – Köln-Bonn
1 165.3 1 209.3 1 235.0 1 224.4
23 Frankfurt (Main) – Chicago / O'Hare Intl, IL, USA
827
857
858
830
25 Stockholm / Arlanda – København / Kastrup
1 230.0 1 170.2 1 196.4 1 207.6
24 London / Heathrow – Miami Intl, FL, USA
878
837
834
830
26 Madrid / Barajas – Roma / Fiumicino
958.1 1 111.3 1 225.7 1 186.7
25 Amsterdam / Schiphol –
776
717
739
792
27 Thessaloniki – Athinai / Eleftherios Venizelos
1 113.5 1 117.3 1 209.9 1 171.5
Detroit / Metropolitan Wayne County, MI, USA
26 Frankfurt (Main) – Narita Intl, Japan
780
796
787
768
28 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Barcelona
876.3 1 004.3 1 095.8 1 154.9
27 London / Gatwick – Orlando Intl, FL, USA
739
668
687
743
29 London / Heathrow – Madrid / Barajas
1 118.9 1 120.4 1 180.3 1 151.9
28 Frankfurt (Main) – Washington / Dulles Intl, DC, USA
709
793
795
738
30 Köln-Bonn – Berlin / Tegel
916.6
839.6 1 142.9 1 148.7
29 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Tel Aviv / Ben Gurion, Israel
608
644
711
735
31 Paris / Orly – Marseille / Provence
1 344.0 1 276.9 1 230.6 1 145.3
30 Berlin / Tegel – Zürich, Switzerland
467
574
641
730
32 Glasgow – London / Heathrow
1 425.5 1 283.9 1 207.1 1 144.1
31 Wien / Schwechat – Zürich, Switzerland
597
623
692
717
33 Frankfurt (Main) – München
1 303.1 1 278.0 1 217.8 1 130.8
32 London / Heathrow – New Delhi / Indira Gandhi Intl, India
384
600
665
716
34 Amsterdam / Schiphol – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
1 038.7 1 036.5 1 144.8 1 103.1
33 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Genève / Cointrin, Switzerland
695
692
710
711
35 Madrid / Barajas – Paris / Orly
964.3 1 015.6 1 078.9 1 101.0
34 Paris / Charles de Gaulle – Zürich, Switzerland
630
665
684
703
Pointe-à-Pitre (Guadeloupe) /
36
35 London / Gatwick – Genève / Cointrin, Switzerland
643
712
687
702
987.6 1 029.3 1 093.5 1 098.3
Pôle Caraïbes – Paris / Orly
36 Frankfurt (Main) – Singapore / Changi, Singapore
721
722
711
694
37 Madrid / Barajas – Malaga
1 328.9 1 423.9 1 502.4 1 094.7
37 Paris / Orly – Marrakech / Menara, Morocco
502
619
687
691
38 Malaga – London / Gatwick
978.6
937.7
967.6 1 086.6
38 Frankfurt (Main) – Istanbul / Atatürk, Turkey
661
650
686
675
39 Dublin – London / Gatwick
626.3
747.1
883.6 1 076.8
39 Frankfurt (Main) – New York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
726
685
696
673
40 Frankfurt (Main) – Paris / Charles de Gaulle
985.4
986.7 1 062.9 1 018.9
40 Düsseldorf – Zürich, Switzerland
444
503
569
661
130
131
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 5 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 6
Air
Air: MOVEMENTS OF AIRCRAFT
FREIGHT TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS
AT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS
CARGO AND MAIL LOADED AND UNLOADED
TAKEOFF + LANDING, PASSENGER AND CARGO
THOUSAND TONNES
%
(not including general aviation) THOUSAND
%
ANKING
'07/'08
ANKING
'07/'08
R AIRPORT AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
R AIRPORT AND COUNTRY
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Frankfurt (Main)
DE
1 703.4 1 950.6 2 117.9 2 162.2 2 104.3
-2.7
1 Paris / Charles de Gaulle FR
549.8
543.4
559.7
568.6
574.8
+1.1
2 Amsterdam / Schiphol
NL
1 222.5 1 495.6 1 566.7 1 651.0 1 592.5
-3.5
2 Frankfurt (Main)
DE
462.3
475.6
480.5
481.8
477.4
-0.9
3 London / Heathrow
UK
1 306.8 1 389.3 1 342.6 1 393.2 1 482.7
+6.4
3 London / Heathrow
UK
469.8
472.0
470.9
475.8
473.2
-0.5
4 Paris / Charles de Gaulle FR
1 067.0 1 217.8 1 340.4 1 434.8 1 392.1
-3.0
4 Madrid / Barajas
ES
391.1
406.3
422.2
470.3
459.6
-2.3
5 Luxembourg
LU
499.9
624.8
633.7
702.8
788.2 +12.2
5 Amsterdam / Schiphol
NL
404.9
408.2
429.5
440.8
435.9
-1.1
Brussel-Bruxelles /
6
BE
687.4
694.5
713.5
734.2
614.4 -16.3
6 München
DE
366.0
382.3
387.8
406.2
409.0
+0.7
Brussels
7 Köln-Bonn
DE
438.3
646.8
691.0
709.3
574.1 -19.1
7 Roma / Fiumicino
IT
300.3
299.6
308.6
332.4
340.8
+2.5
8 Leipzig-Halle
DE
13.7
12.3
26.8
86.1
430.2 +399.7
8 Barcelona
ES
277.3
294.3
312.4
338.5
312.3
-7.7
9 Milano / Malpensa
IT
295.7
383.8
417.6
482.6
414.1 -14.2
9 Wien / Schwechat
AT
221.0
227.0
233.5
249.4
262.6
+5.3
10 Liège / Bierset
BE
270.3
325.7
323.2
363.7
381.6
+4.9
10 København / Kastrup
DK
266.8
262.1
251.4
245.0
256.4
+4.6
11 Madrid / Barajas
ES
305.2
360.3
344.2
341.6
355.0
+3.9
11 London / Gatwick
UK
241.2
252.0
254.4
256.6
256.4
-0.1
Nottingham East
12
UK
178.8
292.1
298.3
318.4
292.4
-8.2
12 Paris / Orly
FR
228.0
230.8
234.9
238.4
234.0
-1.9
Midlands
Brussel-Bruxelles /
13 München
DE
148.4
218.2
238.1
265.3
264.9
-0.1
13
BE
229.8
228.7
231.7
238.6
233.7
-2.1
Brussels
14 København / Kastrup
DK
419.4
355.1
380.0
395.5
246.8
14 Düsseldorf
DE
187.7
189.0
208.1
222.3
224.4
+0.9
15 London / Stansted
UK
167.8
254.8
241.3
225.3
230.1
+2.1
15 Stockholm / Arlanda
SE
234.3
222.2
214.5
202.0
213.7
+5.8
16 Wien / Schwechat
AT
65.9
180.0
201.8
204.9
201.3
-1.8
16 Milano / Malpensa
IT
209.5
222.2
241.5
257.2
208.2 -19.0
17 Roma / Fiumicino
IT
153.3
131.9
140.2
153.9
153.0
-0.6
17 Dublin
IE
164.0
169.6
183.4
198.2
202.4
+2.2
18 Manchester
UK
116.6
150.0
150.3
166.1
142.6 -14.2
Athinai /
19 Helsinki / Vantaa
FI
96.1
114.9
123.5
141.3
141.5
+0.2
18
EL
179.9
170.3
179.9
193.0
195.0
+1.1
Eleftherios Venizelos
20 Frankfurt / Hahn
DE
75.0
100.9
113.2
111.7
122.1
+9.3
19 Manchester
UK
208.5
218.0
213.0
206.4
191.2
-7.4
21 Bergamo / Orio al Serio IT
98.9
135.1
139.4
133.8
122.1
-8.7
20 Palma de Mallorca
ES
166.1
170.5
175.6
184.5
182.2
-1.2
22 Stockholm / Arlanda
SE
154.0
158.0
168.8
191.8
121.4
21 London / Stansted
UK
176.8
178.0
190.0
190.1
177.3
-6.7
23 London / Gatwick
UK
318.8
232.1
219.9
176.6
112.4 -36.4
22 Helsinki / Vantaa
FI
163.2
163.1
171.1
169.5
172.9
+2.0
24 Barcelona
ES
88.1
94.5
97.9
92.1
108.5 +17.7
23 Praha / Ruzyne
CZ
134.2
150.2
155.5
164.1
168.8
+2.9
25 Dublin
IE
35.5
64.1
107.6
111.3
107.5
-3.5
Athinai /
24 Nice / Côte d'Azur
FR
155.0
158.1
165.4
173.6
166.6
-4.0
26
EL
123.4
100.7
102.4
98.0
102.5
+4.5
Eleftherios Venizelos
25 Berlin / Tegel
DE
131.7
137.2
134.2
143.4
154.3
+7.6
27 Lisboa
PT
114.6
100.0
98.2
94.5
101.1
+7.0
26 Hamburg
DE
130.0
134.2
145.9
150.3
150.7
+0.2
28 Oostende
BE
93.5
108.3
98.5
104.8
74.8 -28.6
27 Warszawa / Okecie
PL
122.2
131.0
142.9
145.6
145.9
+0.2
29 Paris / Orly
FR
107.3
80.0
76.0
76.7
72.1
-6.0
28 Lisboa
PT
121.7
125.9
131.9
141.9
138.9
-2.1
30 Düsseldorf
DE
59.4
56.5
59.3
57.7
70.2 +21.7
29 Stuttgart
DE
131.9
135.0
138.5
139.7
134.9
-3.5
31 Budapest / Ferihegy
HU
43.5
55.5
64.9
67.6
62.5
-7.5
30 Lyon / Saint Exupéry
FR
125.0
130.1
130.8
132.1
133.7
+1.2
32 Maastricht-Aachen
NL
44.3
54.6
54.1
57.8
55.4
-4.2
31 Köln-Bonn
DE
133.3
139.9
138.5
138.3
128.2
-7.3
33 Toulouse / Blagnac
FR
37.8
56.2
58.5
55.1
54.6
-0.8
Bucureşti /
34 Warszawa / Okecie
PL
44.6
31.1
36.9
41.3
54.6 +32.1
32
RO
75.0
90.2
102.0
118.1
124.4
+5.3
Henri Coandă
35 Marseille / Provence
FR
36.0
51.0
49.5
51.4
54.0
+5.1
33 Edinburgh
UK
111.8
116.0
115.8
115.2
113.5
-1.4
36 Göteborg / Landvetter
SE
60.2
51.0
34 Budapest / Ferihegy
HU
103.4
116.5
117.2
114.6
110.0
-4.0
37 Edinburgh
UK
18.2
54.3
50.9
46.0
49.1
+6.9
35 Malaga
ES
102.7
111.1
113.1
115.3
108.0
-6.4
38 Belfast
UK
30.9
51.3
50.4
49.9
48.1
-3.6
Las Palmas /
39 Praha / Ruzyne
CZ
0.0
51.6
54.9
54.9
47.8 -12.9
36
ES
92.6
98.4
100.5
99.3
104.0
+4.7
Gran Canaria
40 Tallinn / Ülemiste
EE
4.7
9.7
10.1
22.6
41.7 +84.4
37 Birmingham
UK
109.2
113.0
108.7
104.5
102.8
-1.6
Notes: Significant underreporting of Paris airports. Data from airport websites (in italics)
38 Aberdeen
UK
80.7
89.5
97.9
102.8
100.2
-2.6
often include air cargo which in reality is transported by lorry. The figures from
39 Marseille / Provence
FR
88.6
90.3
92.1
98.5
97.9
-0.5
airport websites are therefore not always fully comparable with those collected
by Eurostat. The extraordinary growth rate for Leipzig airport is mainly due to
40 Milano / Linate
IT
93.7
93.1
97.8
99.1
95.6
-3.6
DHL moving its hub there during 2008.
Notes: One movement per minute for 18 hours per day = 394 200 per year.
132
133
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , a i r p o r t we b s i t e s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , a i r p o r t s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 7 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 7
Sea: INWARD AND OUTWARD FLOW
Sea: INWARD AND OUTWARD FLOW
OF PASSENGERS BY COUNTRY
OF PASSENGERS BY COUNTRY
INWARDS
OUTWARDS
1 000
PASSENGERS
CRUISE PASSENGERS CRUISE PASSENGERS
1 000
PASSENGERS CRUISE
PASSENGERS
excluding
starting and ending
on excursion
excluding
starting and ending a cruise
cruise passengers
a cruise
cruise passengers
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008
EU-27 203 445 203 445 203 445
EU-27
201 678
201 678
201 678
EU-15 191 959 193 749 193 051
EU-15
191 632
193 395
191 443
EU-12
9 011
9 717 10 389
EU-12
8 982
9 762
10 230
BE
375
378
333
70
75
63
BE
374 381 339 71 76 64
BG
BG
CZ
CZ
DK
23 937 24 057 23 172
131
144
157
232
258
294
DK
23 945
24 063
23 170
132
145
158
DE
14 309 14 766 14 113
219
264
372
DE
14 514
14 951
14 111
213
219
349
EE
4 287
4 323
4 585
313
294
378
EE
4 259
4 342
4 605
IE
1 572
1 578
1 492
93
104
146
37
IE
1 542
1 542
1 470
EL
45 075 45 987 45 255
216
263
334
EL
44 897
45 908
45 186
214
265
326
ES
10 190 10 669 10 265
1 228
907
1 027
1 761
2 910
3 370
ES
10 227
10 654
10 173
521
903
1 014
FR
13 094 13 306 13 323
154
231
156
1 190
1 246
1 064
FR
12 999
13 280
13 187
155
231
147
IT
42 875 42 285 44 761
93
1 189
882
3 112
3 181
1 870
IT
42 934
42 317
43 643
81
1 179
871
CY
CY
LV
105
179
213
41
65
51
LV
112 183 223
LT
92
104
103
25
37
32
LT
98 108 109
LU
LU
HU
HU
MT
3 652
3 893
4 148
12
9
14
472
528
MT
3 652
3 891
3 955
11
9
14
NL
1 053
945
977
NL
1
074 925 982
AT
AT
PL
875
1 218
1 325
0
0
0
PL
861
1
238
1
322 0 0 0
PT
343
368
382
PT
343 367 380
RO
0
2
12
33
RO
0 2
SI
15
11
SI
16 7
SK
SK
FI
8 391
8 244
8 497
7
20
268
255
344
FI
8 348
8 192
8 438
7
20
SE
16 385 16 572 16 529
14
9
22
357
402
430
SE
15 927
16 075
16 176
8
6
17
UK
14 359 14 594 13 953
534
562
705
UK
14 507
14 739
14 188
530
569
709
HR
11 490 12 265 12 983
26
33
11
734
872
1 122
HR
11 523
12 272
13 037
22
41
12
IS
IS
NO
2 941
2 938
2 820
39
91
62
607
569
770
NO
3 292
3 334
3 313
8
84
13
134
135
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 8 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 9
Sea
Sea
PASSENGER TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS
FREIGHT TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS
PASSENGERS EMBARKED AND DISEMBARKED
TONNES LOADED AND UNLOADED
THOUSAND
%
MILLION
%
ANKING
'07/'08
ANKING
'07/'08
R PORT AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
R PORT AND COUNTRY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Dover
UK
16 197 13 501 13 987 14 433 14 006
-3.0
1 Rotterdam
NL 302.545 345.819 353.576 374.152 384.210
2.7
2 Paloukia Salaminas
EL
11 663 11 981 13 066 13 063
0.0
2 Antwerpen
BE
116.003 145.835 151.705 165.512 171.237
3.5
Perama
EL
11 663 11 981 13 066 13 063
0.0
3 Hamburg
DE
76.950 108.253 115.529 118.190 118.915
0.6
4 Piraeus
EL
7 289 11 076 11 539 11 063 11 079
0.1
4 Marseille
FR
91.279 93.308 96.527 92.561 92.523
0.0
5 Calais
FR
15 066 11 695 11 460 11 519 11 002
-4.5
5 Le Havre
FR
63.885 70.801 69.973 73.897 75.636
2.4
6 Helsingør
DK
13 322 11 023 10 721 10 966 10 912
-0.5
6 Amsterdam
NL
42.044 47.133 56.794 62.516 74.366
19.0
7 Helsingborg
SE
13 525 11 102 10 776 10 966 10 911
-0.5
7 Grimsby & Immingham UK
52.501 60.686 64.033 66.279 65.267
-1.5
8 Messina
IT
11 898
9 802 10 834 10 603 10 380
-2.1
8 Algeciras
ES
55.184 60.023 62.128 61.869
-0.4
9 Reggio di Calabria
IT
11 839
9 645 10 669 10 336 10 116
-2.1
9 London
UK
47.892 53.843 51.911 52.739 52.965
0.4
10 Helsinki
FI
9 251
8 854
8 548
8 561
8 976
4.8
10 Dunkerque
FR
44.318 48.503 50.386 50.244 50.464
0.4
11 Stockholm
SE
7 746
8 211
8 054
8 127
8 677
6.8
11 Valencia
ES
21.958 34.990 40.742 45.935 50.182
9.2
12 Capri
IT
5 404
3 860
4 940
5 421
7 169 32.2
12 Taranto
IT
33.117 47.869 50.871 49.240 49.522
0.6
13 Tallinn
EE
6 701
6 447
6 220
6 870 10.5
13 Bremerhaven
DE
24.835 33.728 40.350 43.618 48.956
12.2
14 Puttgarden
DE
5 430
6 760
6 789
7 069
6 768
-4.3
14 Genova
IT
43.797 42.640 44.425 48.358 46.469
-3.9
15 Rødby (Færgehavn)
DK
5 430
6 761
6 789
7 058
6 756
-4.3
15 Constantza
RO
44.377 42.888 44.916 45.750
1.9
16 Napoli
IT
6 748
6 084
6 804
6 598
6 185
-6.3
16 Tees & Hartlepool
UK
51.472 55.790 53.348 49.779 45.436
-8.7
17 Palma de Mallorca
ES
1 864
4 611
4 942
5 275
5 048
-4.3
17 Göteborg
SE
33.261 36.479 39.912 40.353 42.331
4.9
18 Piombino
IT
3 161
3 277
3 948
3 982
5 036 26.5
18 Barcelona
ES
25.787 37.061 38.267 41.040 41.516
1.2
19 Algeciras
ES
4 828
5 166
5 227
4 988
-4.6
19 Southampton
UK
34.773 39.947 40.556 43.815 40.974
-6.5
20 Wilhelmshaven
DE
43.402 45.977 43.106 42.643 40.556
-4.9
20 Santa Cruz de Tenerife ES
4 927
4 564
4 343
4 592
4 191
-8.7
21 Forth
UK
41.143 34.218 31.556 36.681 39.054
6.5
21 Cirkewwa
MT
3 463
3 555
3 795
3 942
3.9
22 Trieste
IT
44.015 43.355 44.644 39.833 37.195
-6.6
Mgarr, Gozo
MT
3 463
3 555
3 795
3 942
3.9
23 Portoferraio
IT
2 641
2 829
3 198
3 155
3 927 24.5
23 Bilbao
ES
26.623 32.219 36.118 37.313 36.862
-1.2
24 Olbia
IT
2 359
3 253
3 665
3 487
3 567
2.3
24 Milford Haven
UK
33.768 37.547 34.307 35.496 35.875
1.1
25 Turku
FI
3 514
3 697
3 620
3 480
3 488
0.2
25 Zeebrugge
BE
32.660 28.442 32.763 34.843 34.768
-0.2
26 Mariehamn
FI
1 885
3 192
3 099
3 125
3 306
5.8
26 Nantes Saint-Nazaire
FR
31.263 34.043 33.870 33.299 32.918
-1.1
27 Livorno
IT
1 886
2 103
2 166
2 789
3 251 16.6
27 Tarragona
ES
27.175 30.967 31.189 35.802 32.835
-8.3
28 Rostock
DE
1 767
2 417
2 557
2 585
2 713
5.0
28 Liverpool
UK
30.421 33.775 33.550 32.258 32.204
-0.2
29 Civitavecchia
IT
2 241
2 099
2 500
2 285
2 677 17.2
29 Ravenna
IT
22.492 24.253 27.639 27.008 30.075
11.4
30 Igoumenitsa
EL
933
2 338
2 531
2 683
2 631
-1.9
30 Venezia
IT
26.293 30.547 32.010 32.042 29.920
-6.6
31 Genova
IT
2 444
2 406
2 320
2 639
2 510
-4.9
31 Tallinn
EE
0.000 38.816 41.243 35.865 28.966 -19.2
32 Ceuta
ES
2 498
2 135
2 385
2 567
2 422
-5.6
32 Livorno
IT
19.785 24.048 24.550 29.798 28.667
-3.8
33 La Maddalena
IT
2 025
1 843
2 371
2 918
2 374 -18.6
33 Riga
LV
24.421 23.758 25.216 28.567
13.3
34 Palau
IT
2 106
1 843
2 371
2 907
2 364 -18.7
34 Ventspils
LV
29.358 27.746 30.473 27.366 -10.2
35 Porto d'Ischia
IT
3 686
3 169
3 443
2 812
2 342 -16.7
35 Gioia Tauro
IT
29.358 27.746 30.473 27.366 -10.2
36 Barcelona
ES
1 424
2 208
1 927
2 090
2 314 10.7
36 Klaipeda
LT
20.019 21.347 24.676 27.311
10.7
37 Bastia
FR
1 916
2 028
2 162
2 200
2 312
5.1
37 Ghent
BE
24.717 22.133 24.107 24.988 26.912
7.7
38 Norddeich
DE
2 253
2 257
2 322
2 312
2 267
-1.9
38 Augusta
IT
29.938 33.041 30.979 30.238 26.849 -11.2
39 Frederikshavn
DK
3 726
3 004
2 859
2 894
2 258 -22.0
39 Porto Foxi
IT
23.751 22.760 27.111 26.744 26.407
-1.3
40 Rafina
EL
1 542
2 010
2 122
2 213
2 219
0.3
40 Cartagena
ES
17.157 26.716 25.442 23.843 25.547
7.1
136
137
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 0 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 0
Sea
Sea
INTRAEU MARITIME TRANSPORT
INTRAEU MARITIME TRANSPORT
1 RELEVANCE OF INTRAEU TRANSPORT
1 RELEVANCE OF
2 MAIN ROUTES IN
IN TOTAL MARITIME TRANSPORT BY EU COUNTRY 2008
INTRAEU TRANSPORT
INTRAEU MARITIME
IN TOTAL MARITIME
TRANSPORT 2008
INWARDS
OUTWARDS
TRANSPORT BY
country country
mio
share
share
total
of which
total
of which
EU COUNTRY 2008
of
of un-
tonnes
of EU in
of EU in
inwards
from EU
outwards
to EU
loading
loading
trans-
total
total
TOTAL
ANKINGR
port
port
ported
million
million
million
tonnes
tonnes
(%)
million
tonnes
tonnes
(%)
total
1
UK
UK
84.629
of which
share
goods
to/from
of EU in
2
IT
IT
80.613
BE
138.370
44.497
32.2 %
102.907
39.899
38.8 %
trans-
EU
total
ported (*)
3
UK
NL
46.834
BG
16.791
0.920
5.5 %
9.785
2.345
24.0 %
million
million
4
ES
ES
44.498
(%)
tonnes
tonnes
DK
54.381
34.626
63.7 %
41.805
36.252
86.7 %
5
NL
UK
33.233
BE
240.681
83.800
34.8 %
6
EL
EL
30.786
DE
193.774
75.979
39.2 %
121.891
58.431
47.9 %
7
FR
UK
30.338
BG
26.570
3.259
12.3 %
EE
7.179
5.785
80.6 %
25.718
15.007
58.3 %
8
UK
FR
25.202
DK
89.059
63.751
71.6 %
9
FR
FR
22.096
IE
33.472
22.956
68.6 %
13.393
12.229
91.3 %
DE
312.776
131.521
42.0 %
10
UK
DE
17.826
EL
69.697
34.812
49.9 %
51.891
42.873
82.6 %
11
SE
DE
17.401
EE
32.813
20.707
63.1 %
ES
290.073
81.850
28.2 %
126.098
63.090
50.0 %
12
DK
DK
16.922
IE
45.960
34.279
74.6 %
13
BE
UK
16.162
FR
245.040
68.689
28.0 %
101.174
63.280
62.5 %
14
UK
BE
15.717
EL
100.469
56.566
56.3 %
IT
350.011
108.725
31.1 %
163.518
111.620
68.3 %
15
DK
SE
15.029
ES
390.489
119.259
30.5 %
16
IT
ES
14.097
CY (**)
6.704
1.285
19.2 %
1.235
0.304
24.6 %
17
DE
SE
13.982
FR
338.449
124.204
36.7 %
LV
6.059
4.035
66.6 %
54.068
41.820
77.3 %
18
UK
IE
13.111
IT
444.138
150.955
34.0 %
19
ES
IT
13.034
LT
15.359
4.878
31.8 %
21.020
13.351
63.5 %
20
SE
SE
12.729
MT
3.189
2.439
76.5 %
0.183
0.096
52.1 %
CY (**)
7.934
1.584
20.0 %
21
FI
DE
11.656
NL
396.236
90.937
23.0 %
133.122
62.534
47.0 %
LV
59.956
45.684
76.2 %
22
SE
FI
11.077
23
LV
UK
10.556
PL
28.009
16.463
58.8 %
20.712
14.970
72.3 %
LT
36.379
18.229
50.1 %
24
SE
UK
9.834
PT
43.065
15.628
36.3 %
21.335
14.752
69.1 %
MT
3.373
2.534
75.1 %
25
FR
NL
9.330
26
IT
EL
9.287
RO (**)
29.231
1.426
4.9 %
20.520
4.396
21.4 %
NL
529.359
153.471
29.0 %
27
DE
DK
9.228
SI
11.761
3.562
30.3 %
4.738
3.184
67.2 %
PL
48.404
31.116
64.3 %
28
DE
GB
8.911
FI
62.131
41.305
66.5 %
49.022
43.096
87.9 %
PT
59.971
25.950
43.3 %
29
DE
FI
8.681
30
DK
DE
8.538
SE
90.848
65.314
71.9 %
80.393
68.839
85.6 %
RO (**)
49.751
5.823
11.7 %
UK
337.662
191.620
56.7 %
210.417
162.202
77.1 %
SI
16.499
6.746
40.9 %
Notes: Data from main ports only
(ports handling more than 1 million
Notes: Data from main ports only (ports handling more than 1 million tonnes per year).
FI
105.492
78.741
74.6 %
tonnes per year); the tonnes have been
(*) The total goods transported data may be less than the sum of inward and
calculated by taking the declarations
outward traffic due to the double counting of tonnes moved within the same country.
SE
161.505
124.418
77.0 %
of the unloading ports (inward
(**) The share of intra-EU in total maritime transport may be underestimated in
declarations) and adding those outward
this table for CY and RO because a significant share of partner ports are 'unknown'
UK
497.640
303.384
61.0 %
declarations of partner ports for which
and hence cannot be attributed to any geographical area.
the inward declarations were missing.
138
139
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 1 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 2 a
Sea
Combined Transport Traffic
CONTAINER TRAFFIC AT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS
UIRR COMPANIES
thousand TEU
%
TONNEKILOMETRES billion
TRAFFIC % OF CONSIGNMENTS *
of which:
Semi-
Swap
YEAR
national
trailers
Rolling road
bodies
ANKING
'07/'08
1990
19.0
7.0
20 %
18 %
62 %
R PORT AND COUNTRY
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
1 Rotterdam
NL
9 194.6
9 575.4 10 773.4 10 631.0
-1.3
1995
25.0
7.3
14 %
19 %
67 %
2 Hamburg
DE
8 084.3
8 878.1
9 913.5
9 767.3
-1.5
1996
27.2
7.6
12 %
20 %
68 %
3 Antwerpen
BE
6 220.9
6 718.2
7 878.9
8 378.9
6.3
1997
29.9
8.3
10 %
19 %
71 %
4 Bremerhaven
DE
3 696.1
4 479.3
4 884.0
5 451.4
11.6
1998
30.2
8.3
9 %
20 %
71 %
5 Valencia
ES
2 415.0
2 614.8
3 048.9
3 606.3
18.3
1999
28.6
7.8
9 %
22 %
69 %
6 Algeciras
ES
3 183.1
3 262.5
3 419.9
3 297.6
-3.6
2000
32.5
8.2
9 %
23 %
68 %
7 Gioia Tauro
IT
3 123.2
2 835.2
3 464.2
3 164.8
-8.6
2001
31.9
7.2
9 %
24 %
67 %
8 Felixstowe
UK
2 759.7
3 029.8
3 342.3
3 131.4
-6.3
2002
33.1
8.0
8 %
23 %
69 %
9 Barcelona
ES
2 071.3
2 314.6
2 605.6
2 564.5
-1.6
2003
32.9
7.7
7 %
23 %
70 %
10 Le Havre
FR
2 144.3
2 118.9
2 684.7
2 511.6
-6.4
11 Southampton
UK
1 384.2
1 502.3
1 905.2
1 616.8
-15.1
2004
34.5
8.3
7 %
16 %
67 %
12 Genova
IT
1 037.6
1 145.7
1 229.6
1 461.9
18.9
2005
37.0
8.1
7 %
13 %
80 %
13 Constantza
RO
867.0
1 170.4
1 444.7
1 405.3
-2.7
2006
45.4
9.8
9 %
16 %
76 %
14 Zeebrugge
BE
682.3
895.5
1 191.0
1 400.8
17.6
2007
46.1
9.8
9 %
14 %
77 %
15 Las Palmas, Gran Canaria ES
1 209.7
1 291.1
1 309.8
1 302.5
-0.6
2008
46.0
10.3
8 %
14 %
78 %
16 La Spezia
IT
915.6
1 086.5
1 130.1
1 185.9
4.9
17 London
UK
765.1
742.6
857.8
983.5
14.7
INTERCONTAINERINTERFRIGO
18 Marseille
FR
910.6
950.2
1 058.5
901.4
-14.8
19 Bilbao
ES
861.5
898.7
956.1
894.1
-6.5
YEAR
thousand TEU
% change from
previous year
20 Göteborg
SE
771.7
811.8
840.9
863.9
2.7
21 Medway
UK
702.9
594.3
514.5
767.6
49.2
2000
961.7
22 Dublin
IE
590.2
680.7
744.2
676.5
-9.1
2001
834.9
-13.2 %
23 Liverpool
UK
613.1
613.4
675.7
673.9
-0.3
2002
758.6
-9.1 %
24 Kotka
FI
376.5
460.6
576.5
627.1
8.8
2003
734.1
-3.2 %
25 Gdynia
PL
392.9
458.7
611.9
610.9
-0.2
2004
702.8
-4.3 %
26 Lisboa
PT
512.2
512.0
554.8
555.9
0.2
2005
516.7
-26.5 %
27 Aarhus
DK
397.2
426.7
502.0
458.5
-8.7
2006
429.8
-16.8 %
28 Leixões
PT
351.8
378.2
433.7
450.1
3.8
2007
415.8
-3.3 %
29 Taranto
IT
445.1
563.5
449.2
444.4
-1.1
30 Piraeus
EL
1 401.1
1 412.6
1 383.8
437.3
-68.4
2008
396.9
-4.5 %
31 Amsterdam
NL
61.9
403.6
408.7
431.8
5.6
Notes: TEU: twenty foot equivalent unit (corresponds to 10-12 tonnes).
32 Málaga
ES
247.5
452.1
542.4
428.6
-21.0
(*) Consignment = equivalent of an average road transport (= 2.3 TEU)
33 Helsinki
FI
460.2
419.6
434.6
424.0
-2.5
34 Limassol
CY
320.4
360.0
376.7
416.5
10.6
35 Santa Cruz de Tenerife
ES
455.2
470.0
484.8
396.5
-18.2
36 Klaipeda
LT
214.3
231.6
321.4
373.3
16.1
37 Koper
SI
210.3
222.0
306.9
356.9
16.3
38 Venezia
IT
196.0
235.7
262.6
291.0
10.8
39 Forth
UK
207.3
261.6
256.9
274.4
6.8
40 Tallinn
EE
189.4
227.4
265.4
269.4
1.5
140
141
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , ow n e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce s : I n te r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f Co m b i n e d R o a d - R a i l
Tra n s p o r t Co m p a n i e s, I n te rco n t a i n e r - I n te r f r i g o
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 2 b PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 3
Road
Combined Transport
ALPS CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC OF INTERNATIONAL UNION OF COMBINED
ALPINE ARC: MONTGENÈVRE TO BRENNER
ROADRAIL TRANSPORT COMPANIES UIRR
MILLION TONNES
CONSIGNMENTS * thousand
%
Switzerland
Austria
France
CHANGE
St. Gotthard
Simplon
Brenner
Montgenèvre
COMPANY
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/'08
Gr. St. Bernard
Reschen
Fréjus
INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC
St. Bernardino
Mont-Blanc
TOTAL
1985
1.9 0.8 15.0 12.3 30.0
Kombiverkehr, DE
374.835 351.371 375.836 402.148 401.443
-0.2 %
1990
3.1 1.1 14.6 21.8 40.6
Hupac, CH
231.060 291.157 346.060 396.641 390.862
-1.5 %
1994
5.1 1.1 18.4 26.5 51.1
Cemat, IT
149.395 236.824 266.493 270.822 259.464
-4.2 %
1995
5.5 1.1 21.0 25.8 53.4
ICA, AT
123.753 154.797 167.946 166.115
-1.1 %
1996
5.9 1.2 20.1 25.0 52.2
Ökombi, AT
148.769
90.677 117.456 113.412 120.835
6.5 %
1997
6.0 1.0 21.3 25.3 53.6
Polzug, PL
76.513
88.569
90.329
2.0 %
1998
6.5 1.2 23.9 26.3 57.9
T.R.W., BE
57.747
85.889
98.516
98.786
82.946
-16.0 %
1999
7.0 1.4 26.4 27.3 62.1
Ralpin, CH
79.248
80.864
80.342
85.106
5.9 %
2000
7.6 1.3 26.6 27.2 62.7
Hupac NV, NL
26.400
57.085
69.554
71.567
72.533
1.3 %
2001
7.4 3.0 26.3 27.2 63.9
Adria Combi, SI
19.229
41.131
53.044
64.944
62.463
-3.8 %
2002
7.5 3.0 27.3 26.3 64.1
Novatrans, FR
37.848
43.714
46.538
35.647
-23.4 %
2003
9.2 2.4 28.7 25.8 66.1
Alpe Adria, IT
22.170
26.989
34.173
32.731
-4.2 %
2004
9.9 2.6 33.5 22.3 68.3
Combiberia, ES
24.406
29.499
29.167
27.244
-6.6 %
2005
10.2 2.8 33.6 20.8 67.4
Naviland Cargo, FR
12.804
15.629
18.791
35.355
88.1 %
2006
10.0 2.9 36.1 22.3 71.3
Hungarocombi, HU
61.780
37.076
27.275
16.831
18.278
8.6 %
2007
10.9 3.3 36.4 22.4 73.0
Kombi Dan, DK
7.205
6.822
7.940
6.972
-12.2 %
2008
11.0 3.4 35.1 21.5 71.0
Bohemiakombi, CZ
1.424
3.643
5.309
6.302
18.7 %
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
Crokombi, HR
1.796
1.719
2.841
2.723
-4.2 %
'85/'97
+10.1 %
+1.9 %
+3.0 %
+6.2 %
+5.0 %
NATIONAL TRAFFIC
'97/'07
+6.2 %
+12.7 %
+5.5 %
-1.2 %
+3.1 %
'07/'08
+0.9 %
+3.0 %
-3.6 %
- 4.0 %
-2.7 %
Kombiverkehr, DE
163.290 224.989 285.551 306.099 306.397
0.1 %
Cemat, IT
194.327 187.125 173.361 177.228 163.182
-7.9 %
Notes: Road: France: Montgenèvre: from 1999.
Novatrans, FR
176.145 145.909 153.589 157.699 154.053
-2.3 %
NUMBER OF HEAVY GOODS VEHICLES thousand
Ökombi, AT
117.146
46.792
88.174 115.776 152.236
31.5 %
Switzerland
Austria
France
Naviland Cargo, FR
111.592
68.838
82.787 113.850
37.5 %
St. Gotthard
Simplon
Brenner
Montgenèvre
Hupac, CH/DE/IT
16.200
33.610
40.972
46.746
54.095
15.7 %
Gr. St. Bernard
Reschen
Fréjus
St. Bernardino
Mont-Blanc
TOTAL
ICA, AT
19.925
41.639
42.816
40.753
-4.8 %
1999
1 101
216
1 639
1 674
4 630
Adria Combi, SI
12.401
15.876
29.060
37.525
29.1 %
2000
1 187
217
1 653
1 672
4 729
Alpe Adria, IT
20.324
22.479
21.888
30.701
40.3 %
2001
966
405
1 647
1 673
4 691
Polzug, PL
10.083
13.506
18.081
33.9 %
2002
858
391
1 710
1 581
4 540
T.R.W., BE
5.117
12.474
14.586
13.059
-10.5 %
2003
1 004
287
1 775
1 572
4 638
Rocombi, RO
11.496
9.840
11.280
12.300
9.0 %
2004
969
286
2 118
1 515
4 888
(*) Consignment = equivalent of an average road transport (= 2.3 TEU)
2005
925
279
2 121
1 435
4 760
2006
856
326
2 268
1 529
4 979
2007
963
299
2 277
1 531
5 070
2008
973
302
2 200
1 474
4 949
Notes: Internal, import, export and transit traffic.
142
143
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l U n i o n o f Co m b i n e d
S o u rce : Sw i s s D e p a r t m e n t o f t h e E nv i ro n m e n t ,
R o a d - R a i l Tra n s p o r t Co m p a n i e s
Tra n s p o r t , E n e rg y a n d Co m m u n i c a t i o n s ( U V E K )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 4 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 3 . 4 . 1 5
Road
Rail
PYRENEES CROSSING TRAFFIC
ALPS AND PYRENEES CROSSING TRAFFIC
GOODS TRAFFIC
ALPS CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC 1
VEHICLES PER DAY
Alpine Arc: Mont-Cenis to Brenner MILLION TONNES
West coast
East coast
Switzerland
Austria
France
Biriatou
Le Perthus
Other
St. Gotthard
Simplon
Brenner
Mont-Cenis
TOTAL
(inc. A63)
(inc. A9)
crossings
TOTAL
1985
11.2 2.8 4.7 7.5
26.2
1997
5 657
6 729
880
13 266
1990
13.6 4.3 5.5 7.2
30.6
1998
6 447
7 413
905
14 765
1994
13.2 4.7 8.3 7.7
33.9
1999
6 914
8 018
914
15 846
1995
13.6 4.4 8.4 8.0
34.4
2000
8 224
8 200
1 519
17 943
1996
11.7 4.0 7.9 9.7
33.3
2001
8 806
8 050
1 172
18 028
1997
13.7 4.3 7.8 10.1
35.9
2002
8 864
8 535
1 505
18 904
1998
15.0 4.3 8.6 9.3
37.2
2003
9 276
8 920
1 758
19 954
1999
14.9 3.5 8.3 8.4
35.1
2004
10 655
9 302
1 875
21 832
2000
16.8 3.8 8.7 8.6
37.9
2005
9 970
9 243
1 825
21 038
2001
15.8 4.8 10.7 8.6
39.9
2002
14.2 4.8 10.5 8.6
38.1
2006
10 390
9 602
1 939
21 931
2003
14.3 5.6 10.7 7.8
38.4
2004
16.1 6.8 10.7 6.4
40.0
PASSENGER CAR TRAFFIC
2005
15.6 8.1 10.0 5.2
38.9
VEHICLES PER DAY
2006
16.2 9.0 11.6 4.8
41.6
West coast
East coast
2007
15.5 9.7 13.3 5.7
44.2
Biriatou
Le Perthus
Other
(inc. A63)
(inc. A9)
crossings
TOTAL
2008
15.5 10.0 14.0 4.6 44.1
1997
30 200
19 400
27 800
77 400
AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE
'85/'97
+1.7 %
+3.6 %
+4.3 %
+2.5 %
+2.7 %
1998
30 230
20 601
33 168
83 999
'97/'07
+1.2 %
+8.5 %
+5.5 %
-5.6 %
+2.1 %
1999
33 188
20 678
33 412
87 278
'07/'08
+0.0 %
+3.1 %
+5.3 %
-19.3 %
-0.2 %
2000
40 923
24 390
31 962
97 275
2001
41 847
25 201
34 096
101 144
PYRENEE CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC 2
2002
41 812
28 544
37 654
108 010
Spain – France MILLION TONNES
2003
44 165
29 201
41 267
114 633
West coast
East coast
Total
Intermodal
2004
45 041
30 923
41 196
117 160
Hendaye – Irun
Cerbère /
pure rail
rail
2005
47 142
31 896
42 465
121 503
Port Bou
2006
47 172
32 180
43 228
122 580
1995
3.553
1996
3.995
1997
2.000
2.800
4.795
1998
1.934
2.500
4.442
1999
1.600
2.600
4.241
2.793
2000
1.800
2.800
4.583
2.995
2001
1.800
2.400
4.188
2.739
2002
1.739
2.413
4.161
3.033
2003
4.284
2.841
2004
4.563
3.050
2005
4.503
3.074
2006
4.471
3.366
144
145
S o u rce : O b s e r v a to r i o h i s p a n o - f r a n cé s d e Tra f i co e n l o s Pi r i n e o s, S p a i n
Sources: (1) Swiss Department for Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication
(UVEK); (2) Observatorio hispano-francés de Trafico en los Pirineos, Spain
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 4 . 1 6 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5
Rail
3 . 5 . 1
CHANNEL TUNNEL TRAFFIC
Road
LENGTH OF MOTORWAYS
UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE
SHUTTLE
km (at end of year)
Vehicles
Passengers
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
PASSENGER
FREIGHT
(1)
EU-27
41 885
47 970
54 700
62 000
63 400
65 100
thousand
thousand
thousand
million
EU-15
39 616
45 468
51 471
58 000
59 205
60 617
cars
coaches
EU-12
2 269
2 502
3 229
4 000
4 195
4 483
1995
1 223
23.0
391
4.2
BE
1 666
1 666
1 702
1 747
1 763
1 763
1996
2 077
58.0
519
7.9
BG
273
277
319
331
394
418
1997
2 329
54.0
268
8.6
CZ
357
414
501
564
633
657
1998
3 351
97.0
705
12.2
DK
611
796
923
1 032
1 032
1 111
1999
3 260
82.0
839
10.8
DE
10 854
11 190
11 712
12 363
12 531
12 594
2000
2 784
79.5
1 133
10.1
EE
41
65
93
99
99
96
2001
2 530
75.5
1 198
9.3
IE
26
70
103
247
270
269
2002
2 336
71.9
1 231
8.7
EL
190
421
615
1 047
1 050
1 103
2003
2 279
71.9
1 285
8.5
ES
4 976
6 962
9 049
11 432
12 073
13 014
2004
2 101
63.5
1 281
7.8
FR
6 824
8 275
9 766
10 798
10 848
10 958
2005
2 047
77.3
1 309
8.2
IT
6 193
6 435
6 478
6 542
6 554
6 588
2006
2 022
67.2
1 296
7.7
CY
120
167
257
276
257
257
2007
2 142
65.3
1 415
7.9
LV
-
-
-
-
-
-
2008
1 907
55.8
1 254
7.0
LT
421
394
417
417
309
309
LU
78
123
114
147
147
147
THROUGHTRAIN
HU
267
335
448
636
785
858
Passengers
Freight
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
thousand
million
NL
2 092
2 208
2 265
2 600
2 604
2 582
tonnes
AT
1 445
1 596
1 633
1 677
1 678
1 696
1995
2.920
1 411
PL
257
246
358
552
583
663
1996
4.866
2 361
PT
316
687
1 482
2 341
2 545
2 613
1997
6.004
2 925
RO
113
113
113
228
228
281
1998
6.307
3 141
SI
228
293
427
569
579
579
1999
6.593
2 865
SK
192
198
296
328
328
365
2000
7.130
2 947
FI
225
394
549
693
700
700
2001
6.947
2 447
SE
939
1 262
1 499
1 700
1 740
1 806
2002
6.603
1 464
UK
3 181
3 383
3 581
3 634
3 670
3 673
2003
6.315
1 744
HR
291
411
792
877
959
2004
7.277
1 899
MK
83
216
216
221
2005
7.454
1 588
TR
281
1 773
1 775
1 987
1 987
2006
7.858
1 569
IS
-
-
- 11
11
11
2007
8.261
1 214
2008
9.113
1 240
NO
73
107
144
264
271
239
CH
1 148
1 197
1 270
1 358
1 361
1 383
Notes: The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994.
Notes: ES: 'autopistas de peaje' and 'autovías y autopistas libres';
(1) Since 2000, estimate based on 2.52 passengers per car
CY: from 2006: without urban M-ways;
and 38.75 passengers per coach.
NL: all national roads ( 'Rijkswegen') with dual carriageways.
146
147
S o u rce : Eu ro t u n n e l, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , I n te r n a t i o n a l R o a d Fe d e r a t i o n , U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 2
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5 . 3
Road
Railways
LENGTH OF ROAD NET WORK
LENGTH OF LINES IN USE
km (end of 2007)
km
km
%
Main or
Secondary or
OF WHICH:
Motorways
national roads regional roads Other roads (*)
ELECTRIFIED
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
2008
2008
BE
1 763
12 613
1 349
137 870
EU-27
231 582 227 105 217 349 215 537 212 448 212 842 110 458
51.9
BG
418
2 975
16 032
EU-15
162 132 160 000 151 938 153 501 150 875 151 119
83 285
55.1
CZ
657
6 191
48 736
74 919
EU-12
69 450
67 105
65 411
62 036
61 573
61 723
27 173
44.0
DK
1 111
2 755
69 331
BE
3 479
3 368
3 471
3 544
3 374
3 513
2 955
84.1
DE
12 594
40 420
178 180
BG
4 299
4 294
4 320
4 154
4 143
4 144
2 827
68.2
EE
96
3 896
12 473
41 547
CZ
9 430
9 444
9 614
9 588
9 486
3 078
32.4
IE
269
5 159
11 645
79 447
DK
2 838
2 843
2 758
2 646
2 646
2 641
633
24.0
EL
1 103
10 189
30 864
75 600
DE
40 981
41 718
36 588
34 221
33 890
33 855
19 645
58.0
ES
13 014
12 832
140 165
501 053
EE
1 026
1
021
968
968
816 919 131
14.3
FR
10 958
9 861
377 377
628 987
IE
1 944
1 954
1 919
1 919
1 919
1 919
52
2.7
IT
6 588
19 290
156 258
EL
2 484
2 474
2 385
2 576
2 551
2 552
264
10.3
CY
257 2
131 1
950 3
504
ES
14 539
14 291
13 868
14 452
15 012
15 041
8 770
58.3
LV
0
1 647
18 532
49 608
FR
34 070
31 939
29 272
29 286
29 918
29 901
15 401
51.5
LT
309
6 387
14 625
59 394
IT
16 066
16 003
16 187
16 545
16 667
16 861
11 927
70.7
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LU
147 837 1
891
LV
2 397
2 413
2 331
2 270
2 265
2 263
257
11.4
HU
858
6 746
23 579
158 760
LT
2 007
2 002
1 905
1 771
1 766
1 765
122
6.9
MT
0 184 665
1
379
LU
271
275
274
275
275 275 262
95.3
NL
2 582
2 430
7 899
122 559
HU
7 838
7 714
8 005
7 950
7 942
7 892
2 848
36.1
AT
1 696
10 410
23 652
71 059
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PL
663
17 859
28 455
211 934
NL
2 798
2 739
2 802
2 797
2 888
2 896
2 155
74.4
PT
2 613
5 883
4 406
AT
5 624
5 672
5 665
5 691
5 818
5 664
3 510
62.0
RO
281 15
837 64
775
PL
26 228
23 986
22 560
19 507
19 419
19 627
11 856
60.4
SI
579
976
4 921
32 233
PT
3 064
2 850
2 814
2 844
2 838
2 842
1 460
51.4
SK
365
3 374
14 144
25 942
RO
11 348
11 376
11 015
10 948
10 777
10 777
3 974
36.9
FI
700 12
629 13
466 51
365
SI
1 196
1 201
1 201
1 228
1 228
1 228
503
41.0
SE
1 806
13 519
83 131
326 984
SK
3 668
3 662
3 626
3 629
3 622
1 577
43.5
UK
3 673
49 016
122 281
245 027
FI
5 867
5 880
5 854
5 732
5 899
5 919
3 067
51.8
HR
959
7 160
10 544
10 375
SE
11 193
10 925
11 037
11 017
10 972
11 022
7 866
71.4
MK
221 690 3
774 9
155
UK
16 914
17 069
17 044
19 956
16 208
16 218
5 318
32.8
TR
1 987
31 333
30 579
HR
2 429
2 296
2 726
2 726
2 722
2 722
985
36.2
IS
11 4
213 3
999 4
825
MK
696
699
699
699
699 699 234
33.5
NO
239 27
091 27
073 38
466
TR
8 429
8 549
8 671
8 697
8 697
8 699
1 928
22.2
CH
1 383
381
18 136
51 446
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes: (*) The definition of road types varies from country to country, the data
NO
4 044
4 023
4 179
4 087
4 114
4 114
2 552
62.0
are therefore not comparable; 'Other roads' sometimes includes roads
without a hard surface.
CH
3 215
3 232
3 216
3 399
3 563
3 557
3 557
100.0
EL and MT : end of 2005 (except for motorways).
148
149
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l R o a d Fe d e r a t i o n , n a t i o n a l s t at i s t i c s
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r,
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, Eu ro s t a t
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 4
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5 . 5
Railways
Railways
HIGH SPEED RAIL NET WORK
MAIN RAILWAY GAUGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT USED
LENGTH OF LINES 1
km (at end of year)
TRACK GAUGE
ELECTRIC CURRENT
BE
DE
ES
FR
IT
NL
UK
EU
mm
dc volts
ac volts
1985
-
-
-
419
224
-
-
643
BE
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
1990
-
90
-
710
224
-
-
1 024
BG
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
1995
-
447 471
1
281 248
-
-
2 447
CZ
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
2000
72 636 471
1
281 248
-
-
2 708
DK
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
2001
72 636 471
1
540 248
-
-
2 967
800 - 1 200
DE
1 435
15 000
16.7 Hz
(contact rail)
2002
137 833 471
1
540 248
-
-
3 229
EE
1 520
3 000
2003
137 875 1
069 1
540 248
-
74 3 943
IE
1 600
1 500
2004
137 1
196 1
069 1
540 248
-
74 4 264
600
2005
137 1
196 1
090 1
540 248
-
74 4 285
EL
1 000
25 000
50 Hz
1 435
2006
137 1
285 1
272 1
540 562
-
74 4 870
1 000
ES
1 500
2007
137 1
285 1
516 1
872 562
-
113 5 485
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
(*)
3 000
1 668
2008
137 1
285 1
594 1
872 744
-
113 5 745
750 - 850
1 000
FR
(contact rail)
25 000
50 Hz
2009
209
1 285
1 614
1 961
876
120
113
6 178
1 435
1 500
IT
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
Notes: Length of lines or of sections of lines on which trains can go faster
than 250 km/h at some point during the journey.
CY
-
-
-
-
LV
1 520
3 000
HIGHSPEED LINES CURRENTLY UNDER CONSTRUCTION 2
LT
1 520
25 000
50 Hz
START OF
LU
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
LINE
LENGTH km
OPERATION
HU
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
DE München – Augsburg
62 2010
MT
-
-
-
-
DE Gröbers – Erfurt
98 2015
NL
1 435
1 500
DE Nürnberg – Erfurt
218 2017
AT
1 435
15 000
16.7 Hz
Madrid –
ES
902 2012
PL
1 435
3 000
Valencia / Alicante / Murcia
1 000
ES Vitoria – Bilbao – San Sebastian
175 2012
PT
25 000
50 Hz
1 668
ES Variante de Pajares
50 2012
RO
1 435
25 000
50 Hz
ES Ourense – Santiago
88 2012
SI
1 435
3 000
ES Bobadilla – Granada
109 2012
SK
1 435
3 000
25 000
50 Hz
ES La Coruña – Vigo
158 2012
FI
1 524
25 000
50 Hz
ES Barcelona – Figueres
132 2012
SE
1 435
15 000
16.7 Hz
FR Nîmes – Montpellier
70 2012
1 435
750
UK
1 600
25 000
50 Hz
(contact rail)
FR Dijon – Mulhouse
140 2012
(N-IRL)
Notes: The length indicated above is the length of the line under construction and not
Notes: 1 435 mm = standard gauge.
necessarily the distance between the places named.
(*) ES: new lines have a gauge of 1 435 mm and an electric current of 25 000, 50 Hz.
UK: (N-IRL): Northern Ireland.
150
151
Source: (1) Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer, high speed depar tment,
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, r a i l w ay co m p a n i e s
national sources; (2) Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer, national sources
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 6
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
3 . 5 . 7
Air
Inland Waterways
NUMBER OF AIRPORTS
LENGTH IN USE
NAVIGABLE CANALS, RIVERS AND
LAKES REGULARLY USED FOR TRANSPORT
BY NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED * PER YEAR
km
more
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
than 10
5 to 10
1 to 5
500 000 to 100 000
15 000
million
million
million
1 million to 500 000 to 100 000
EU-27
38 963
42 368
42 537
42 706
42 709
EU-27
30
31
94
39
116
90
EU-15
29 474
29 608
33 306
33 538
33 707
33 710
EU-15
29
27
78
35
106
81
EU-12
9 355
9 062
8 999
8 999
8 999
EU-12
1
4
16
4
10
9
BE
1 515
1 540
1 532
1 532
1 532
1 532
BE
1
1
3
BG
470
470
470
470 470 470
BG
3
1
CZ
677
664
664 664 664
CZ
1
2
1
DK
-
-
-
-
-
-
DK
1
2
1
2
3
DE
6 669
7 343
7 300
7 305
7 309
7 309
DE
6
3
10
2
10
9
EE
520
320
320 320 320
EE
1
1
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
1
2
1
3
3
EL
6
6
6
6
6
6
EL
1
1
5
3
12
11
ES
70
70
70
70 70 70
ES
4
6
16
2
6
6
FR
6 197
5 962
5 789
5 372
5 372
5 372
FR
3
3
11
7
22
14
IT
1 366
1 466
1 477
1 562
1 562
1 562
IT
2
5
14
4
9
5
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
1
1
LV
12
12
12
12 12 12
LV
1
1
LT
369
369
380
425 425 425
LT
1
2
LU
37
37
37
37 37 37
LU
1
HU
1 373
1 373
1 373
1 440
1 440
1 440
HU
1
2
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
1
NL
5 046
5 046
6 183
6 183
6 211
6 215
NL
1
1
1
2
AT
351
351
351
351 351 351
AT
1
1
3
1
PL
3 997
3 980
3 813
3 638
3 638
3 638
PL
1
5
1
3
PT
124
124
124
124 124 124
PT
1
1
2
1
3
2
RO
1
1
2
3
2
RO
1 782
1 782
1 779
1 779
1 779
1 779
SI
1
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
SK
1
1
1
SK
172
251
251 251 251
FI
1
2
9
9
FI
6 072
6 120
8 894
9 541
9 678
9 677
SE
1
4
3
14
9
SE
390
390
390
390 390 390
UK
5
8
8
5
10
10
UK
1 631
1 153
1 153
1 065
1 065
1 065
HR
3
3
HR
MK
1
1
MK
-
-
-
-
-
-
TR
2
2
5
6
10
12
TR
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
1
3
3
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
1
6
4
9
22
NO
-
-
-
-
-
-
CH
2
1
1
2
CH
1 217
1 208
1 244
1 240
1 240
1 240
Notes: (*) 'Passengers carried' do not include direct transit passengers (i.e. transit
Notes: The inland waterways of EL (Korinthos Canal), ES (Guadalquivir) and
passengers who stay on board and continue their flight with the same flight
PT (Douro, Guadiana, Tejo) are used by seagoing ships only.
number). Airports are grouped according to 2008 passenger volumes.
FI: includes all public waterways and inland boat routes.
In this table, blank means none.
CH: lakes and rivers mainly used for public transport of passengers.
152
153
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 5 . 8
I N F R A S T R U C T U R E
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6
3 . 6 . 1
Pipelines
Road
MOTORISATION
LENGTH OF OIL PIPELINES
km
NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS PER THOUSAND INHABITANTS
%
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
32 867
33 573
33 589
33 675
EU-27
345 380 417 448 455 463 470 1.5
EU-15
19 125
20 631
22 162
22 770
22 786
22 872
EU-15
406 435 465 489 495 500 501 0.3
EU-12
10 705
10 803
10 803
10 803
EU-12
140 190 242 296 307 325 352 8.2
BE
301
294
294
294 294 294
BE
387 421 456 468 470 473 477 0.8
BG
578
578
578
578 578 578
BG
152 196 245 329 230 272 311 14.2
CZ
568
675
675 675 675
CZ
234 295 335 386 399 412 423 2.5
DK
444
330
330
330 330 330
DK
309 320 347 362 371 378 381 0.8
DE
3 038
2 460
2 370
2 370
2 370
2 370
DE
461 495 475 493 498 501 504 0.6
EE
-
-
-
-
-
-
EE
154 269 339 367 413 391 412 5.4
IE
-
-
-
-
-
-
IE
228 276 348 400 418 434 439 1.2
EL
-
-
-
122 122 122
EL
170 207 292 387 407 428 446 4.3
ES
2 678
3 691
3 780
3 833
3 841
3 904
ES
309 360 431 463 470 481 483 0.6
FR
4 948
4 983
5 746
5 746
5 746
5 746
FR
476 481 503 497 502 506 498 -1.6
IT
4 086
4 235
4 346
4 328
4 336
4 359
IT
483 533 572 590 597 598 601 0.5
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
304 335 384 463 479 521 557 6.9
LV
766
766
766
860 860 860
LV
106 134 236 324 360 398 413 3.5
LT
400
500
500 500 500
LT
133 199 336 428 470 472 499 5.8
LU
-
-
-
-
-
-
LU
477 556 622 655 661 665 667 0.3
HU
2 043
2 047
2 047
2 047
HU
187 218 232 287 293 300 305 1.6
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
337 487 483 525 535 548 555 1.2
NL
391
391
418
418 418 418
NL
367 364 409 434 442 451 458 1.5
AT
777
777
777
777 777 777
AT
388 452 511 504 508 510 513 0.5
PL
2 039
2 278
2 278
2 278
2 278
2 278
PL
138 195 261 323 351 383 422 10.2
PT
-
-
147
147 147 147
PT
185 255 336 397 405 412 415 0.6
RO
3 694
3 350
3 350
3 350
3 350
RO
56 97 124 156 167 164 187 13.9
SI
-
-
-
-
-
-
SI
294 357 435 479 488 504 514 1.9
SK
515
515
515 515 515
SK
166 189 237 242 247 265 285 7.5
FI
-
-
-
-
-
-
FI
388 371 412 462 475 485 507 4.6
SE
-
-
-
-
-
-
SE
419 411 450 459 461 464 462 -0.3
UK
2 462
3 470
3 954
4 405
4 405
4 405
UK
361 378 425 469 471 476 475 -0.1
HR
865
601
601
610 610 610
HR
155 253 312 323 336 346 3.0
MK
144 144 144
MK
145 148 124 119 131 142 7.8
TR
3 065
3 065
3 080
TR
49 65 80 88 92 95 3.6
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
468 445 561 625 641 658 657 -0.2
NO
521
1 189
1 189
1 189
NO
380 386 411 437 445 455 458 0.6
CH
239
108
108 108 108
CH
442 457 492 518 519 521 518 -0.6
Notes: Including oil pipelines under the sea.
Notes: Passenger car stock at end of year n has been divided by the population
DE: crude oil pipelines only.
on 1 January of year n+1.
154
155
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
S o u rce : t a b l e s 3 . 6 . 2 a n d 1 . 5
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 2
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 3
Road
Road
PASSENGER CARS
BUSES AND COACHES
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
thousand
%
thousand
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27 163 048 181 751 200 868 220 223 224 676 229 764 234 081
1.9
EU-27
738.2 752.9 776.8 790.3 790.9 797.6 816.9
2.4
EU-15 148 041 161 539 175 513 189 611 192 985 196 160 197 711
0.8
EU-15
480.1 483.7 523.3 548.5 558.3 566.1 571.9
1.0
EU-12
15 007 20 212 25 355 30 612 31 691 33 604 36 371
8.2
EU-12
258.1
269.3
253.5
241.8
232.6
231.4
245.0
5.9
BE
3 864
4 273
4 678
4 919
4 976
5 049
5 131
1.6
BE
15.6
14.6
14.7
15.4
15.3
15.5
16.0
3.3
BG
1 317
1 648
1 993
2 538
1 768
2 082
2 366
13.7
BG
34.6
41.8
43.0
37.8
22.8
23.9
25.4
6.3
CZ
2 410
3 043
3 439
3 959
4 109
4 280
4 423
3.3
CZ
20.5
20.5
19.0
20.9
21.1
21.2
21.1
-0.2
DK
1 590
1 679
1 854
1 965
2 020
2 068
2 099
1.5
DK
8.1
13.7
14.0
14.4
14.6
14.5
14.5
-0.2
DE
36 772 40 499 39 059 40 660 41 020 41 184 41 321
0.3
DE
100.4
85.4
77.2
75.2
75.1
75.1
75.3
0.3
EE
241
383
464
494
554
524
552
5.4
EE
7.9
7.0
6.1
5.2
5.4
4.3
4.3
-0.4
IE
801
998
1 333
1 684
1 802
1 910
1 953
2.3
IE
4.0
5.3
7.0
7.6
8.0
8.5
8.9
5.4
EL
1 736
2 205
3 195
4 303
4 543
4 799
5 024
4.7
EL
21.4
24.6
27.0
26.8
26.9
27.1
27.2
0.3
ES
11 996 14 212 17 449 20 250 20 909 21 760 22 145
1.8
ES
45.8
47.4
54.7
58.2
59.1
61.0
62.2
1.9
FR
27 072 27 872 29 808 30 497 31 002 31 443 31 109
-1.1
FR
73.7
81.8
85.7
90.1
92.2
94.4
92.9
-1.6
IT
27 416 30 301 32 584 34 667 35 297 35 680 36 105
1.2
IT
77.7
75.0
88.0
94.4
96.1
96.4
97.6
1.2
CY
179
220
268
355
373
411
444
7.9
CY
2.3
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.3
LV
283
332
557
742
822
905
933
3.1
LV
12.1
16.5
11.5
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.5
-0.8
LT
493
718
1 172
1 455
1 592
1 588
1 671
5.2
LT
15.2
17.6
15.5
15.3
15.6
14.5
14.3
-1.2
LU
183
229
273
307
315
322
329
2.3
LU
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
6.2
HU
1 944
2 245
2 365
2 889
2 954
3 012
3 055
1.4
HU
26.4
20.5
17.9
17.5
17.7
17.9
18.0
0.3
MT
120
181
189
213
218
225
229
2.0
MT
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
0.9
NL
5 509
5 633
6 539
7 092
7 230
7 392
7 542
2.0
NL
12.1
11.6
11.4
11.0
10.8
11.1
11.3
2.2
AT
2 991
3 594
4 097
4 157
4 205
4 246
4 285
0.9
AT
9.4
9.8
9.9
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.4
0.7
PL
5 261
7 517
9 991 12 339 13 384 14 589 16 080
10.2
PL
92.4
85.4
82.6
79.6
83.5
87.6
92.4
5.5
PT
1 849
2 560
3 443
4 200
4 290
4 379
4 408
0.7
PT
12.1
15.0
19.8
14.7
15.0
15.1
15.4
2.0
RO
1 292
2 197
2 778
3 364
3 603
3 541
4 027
13.7
RO
28.3
42.0
40.7
39.3
40.4
34.2
41.5
21.4
SI
587
711
866
960
980
1 014
1 045
3.1
SI
3.1
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.1
SK
880
1 016
1 274
1 304
1 334
1 434
1 545
7.7
SK
14.3
11.8
10.9
9.1
8.8
10.5
10.5
0.5
FI
1 939
1 901
2 135
2 430
2 506
2 570
2 700
5.1
FI
9.3
8.1
9.9
10.9
11.2
11.5
12.3
6.4
SE
3 601
3 631
3 999
4 154
4 202
4 258
4 279
0.5
SE
14.6
14.6
14.4
13.5
13.6
13.3
13.5
1.2
UK
20 722 21 951 25 067 28 326 28 667 29 101 29 279
0.6
UK
75.0
75.9
88.6
105.6
109.7
111.9
114.0
1.9
HR
711
1 125
1 385
1 436
1 491
1 535
3.0
HR
5.8
3.9
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
1.1
MK
286
300
253
242
269
290
8.0
MK
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.8
TR
3 059
4 422
5 773
6 141
6 472
6 797
5.0
TR
188.1
263.2
354.3
501.9
533.5
561.7
583.5
3.9
IS
120
119
159
187
197
208
210
1.1
IS
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
0.6
NO
1 613
1 685
1 852
2 029
2 084
2 155
2 197
2.0
NO
21.2
32.5
36.7
28.8
27.0
25.2
23.3
-7.5
CH
2 985
3 229
3 545
3 861
3 900
3 956
3 990
0.9
CH
31.2
36.5
40.3
45.8
46.4
48.0
48.5
1.1
LI
17
19
22
24
24
24
25
4.5
LI
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-2.0
Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August, CH: 30 September, LI: 1 July.
Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August, CH: 30 September, LI: 1 July.
Taxis are usually included.
Data include buses, coaches, minibuses and sometimes also trolleybuses.
156
157
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 4
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 5
Road
Road
GOODS VEHICLES
POWERED T WOWHEELERS
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES
thousand
%
thousand
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
22 811.7 27 098.5 31 177.1 32 083.7 33 193.6 33 970.3
2.3
EU-27
29 703.5
30 775.1 31 709.0
32 881.5
3.7
EU-15 17 536.5 19 849.3 23 256.0 26 452.9 27 214.1 28 080.5 28 159.8
0.3
EU-15
20 805.5
27 127.6
28 123.0 28 931.5
29 736.6
2.8
EU-12
2 962.4 3 842.5 4 724.2 4 869.5 5 113.2 5 810.5
13.6
EU-12
2 575.9
2 652.1
2 777.4
3 144.9
13.2
BE
380.4
442.5
548.4
652.1
670.4
690.7
711.9
3.1
BE
277.8
346.3
359.8
374.7
388.3
3.6
BG
161.6
223.2
259.4
333.9
226.1
261.3
299.2
14.5
BG
519.3
520.5
146.5
76.3
90.3
106.9
18.4
CZ
219.3
298.3
439.2
490.9
554.8
607.4
9.5
CZ
915.2
748.1
794.0
822.7
860.1
892.8
3.8
DK
286.6
333.8
384.9
469.5
508.8
536.6
531.4
-1.0
DK
58.0
138.3
171.9
184.0
197.2
204.8
3.9
DE
1 653.0 2 378.7 2 419.1 2 404.9 2 471.2 2 503.0 2 523.6
0.8
DE
3 995.5
4 438.1
5 202.9
5 405.9
5 550.0
5 852.3
5.4
EE
67.7
65.6
82.1
86.2
92.9
80.3
83.4
3.8
EE
3.3
6.7
10.2
12.6
14.8
17.6
19.2
IE
143.2
141.8
205.6
286.5
318.6
345.9
351.3
1.6
IE
23.5
30.6
34.3
34.9
37.2
39.4
6.0
EL
766.4
883.8 1 057.4 1 186.5 1 219.9 1 255.9 1 289.5
2.7
EL
781.4
1 124.2
1 205.8
1 298.7
1 388.6
6.9
ES
2 401.1 3 024.2 3 923.2 4 849.6 5 087.3 5 353.3 5 405.6
1.0
ES
1 301.2
1 445.6
4 117.6
4 437.6
4 741.8
4 911.5
3.6
FR
4 670.0 4 926.0 5 151.7 5 346.7 5 344.8 5 476.0 5 212.0
-4.8
FR
2 289.0
2 410.0
2 475.3
2 543.6
2 636.7
2 704.2
2.6
IT
2 349.0 2 708.8 3 377.6 4 179.7 4 331.7 4 437.6 4 534.7
2.2
IT
6 228.3
7 826.9
9 298.4
9 338.8
9 280.3
9 189.1
-1.0
CY
74.3
101.2
114.7
118.4
115.7
117.5
121.8
3.6
CY
50.4
43.3
40.4
40.4
41.2
43.2
4.9
LV
68.7
97.1
113.1
121.1
129.6
129.8
0.1
LV
15.8
20.7
32.5
36.9
44.4
51.3
15.5
LT
83.0
108.9
98.6
122.5
135.5
147.6
150.1
1.7
LT
20.0
19.8
24.0
25.5
35.3
45.6
29.3
LU
11.3
15.8
24.7
29.6
30.7
32.5
34.4
5.8
LU
28.4
32.8
37.7
38.6
39.5
40.3
2.0
HU
262.0
292.1
366.4
427.6
444.4
459.4
470.8
2.5
HU
91.2
122.7
130.2
135.9
141.5
4.2
MT
40.8
51.5
44.4
45.5
46.9
48.2
2.9
MT
17.4
12.4
12.0
12.3
12.8
14.4
12.7
NL
553.0
654.0
899.0 1 004.5
995.7 1 010.4 1 025.9
1.5
NL
855.0
970.8
1 112.9
1 279.7
1 371.6
1 479.5
7.9
AT
261.8
302.9
344.5
358.0
364.3
372.6
381.3
2.3
AT
546.4
632.7
627.7
645.3
667.6
691.2
3.5
PL
1 354.1 1 879.1 2 304.5 2 392.7 2 520.5 2 922.0
15.9
PL
929.0
803.0
1 091.2
1 190.1
1 350.8
1 607.3
19.0
PT
781.0
912.3 1 313.2 1 308.0 1 320.0 1 333.0 1 350.0
1.3
PT
216.3
345.9
588.4
558.7
536.6
550.0
2.5
RO
258.7
343.1
427.2
493.8
545.3
502.0
645.3
28.6
RO
327.7
239.2
197.4
194.0
56.5
71.8
27.2
SI
30.8
42.9
54.3
66.4
70.1
77.6
83.9
8.2
SI
8.5
11.2
48.7
53.2
71.5
82.0
14.7
SK
92.0
102.6
114.0
174.2
189.3
215.7
248.7
15.3
SK
81.8
45.6
56.4
58.1
63.9
70.3
10.0
FI
264.2
252.0
304.3
363.6
376.1
394.7
424.5
7.5
FI
159.5
193.4
301.8
338.4
376.5
421.5
12.0
SE
309.5
307.7
374.2
461.2
479.8
504.1
510.2
1.2
SE
264.2
310.1
453.1
497.7
528.1
553.9
4.9
UK
2 706.0 2 565.0 2 928.3 3 552.4 3 694.7 3 834.0 3 873.5
1.0
UK
714.0
971.0
1 235.0
1 254.0
1 295.0
1 322.0
2.1
HR
73.5
122.5
162.9
169.7
176.7
180.3
2.0
HR
9.9
21.9
128.4
143.5
162.7
183.8
12.9
MK
22.6
24.6
18.0
17.0
17.6
18.0
2.0
MK
1.7
3.4
4.7
5.0
6.2
TR
830.0 1 351.8 2 152.0 2 405.2 2 619.7 2 810.2
7.3
TR
819.9
1 011.3
1 441.1
1 822.8
2 003.5
2 181.4
8.9
IS
13.1
14.8
19.4
25.5
28.1
31.1
31.8
2.3
IS
1.9
2.3
4.2
5.7
8.1
9.0
11.6
NO
308.3
349.5
414.3
465.4
488.6
513.7
523.4
1.9
NO
158.6
201.6
257.5
268.5
282.5
296.4
4.9
CH
252.1
262.4
278.5
307.2
314.0
324.2
326.2
0.6
CH
370.7
493.8
591.9
608.7
619.2
636.5
2.8
LI
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.7
5.1
LI
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
5.6
Notes: Stock at end of year except for BE: 1 August CH: 30 September LI: 1 July.
Notes: Stock at end of year except for BE: 1 August CH: 30 September LI: 1 July.
As a rule, data include heavy and light goods vehicles, lorries and road tractors;
National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered two-wheelers
due to varying concepts of such vehicles, data are not fully comparable
and are therefore not fully comparable between countries. Tricycles and quads
between countries.
are sometimes included in the data. Break in time series due to inclusion of
mopeds from 2001 in ES, from 2002 in SI and HR, from 2004 in LV, from 2005
in PL and from 2007 in LT.
158
159
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, U n i te d N a t i o n s E co n o m i c
S o u rce : n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s
Co m m i s s i o n fo r Eu ro p e, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
Eu ro p é e n s d e M o to c yc l e s (AC E M )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 6
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 7
Road
Road
PASSENGER CARS
GOODS VEHICLES
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
thousand
%
LIGHT COMMERCIAL
COMMERCIAL
HEAVY COMMERCIAL
VEHICLES
VEHICLES
VEHICLES
CHANGE
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
'08/ '09
<3.5t
>3.5t & <16t
>16t
EU-27
15 092.2
15 450.4
15 605.0
14 361.6
14 178.7
-1.3
EU-15
14 319.1
14 111.9
14 367.3
14 363.8
13 152.9
13 298.5
1.1
2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
EU-12
980.3
1 083.1
1 241.1
1 208.6
880.3
-27.2
EU-27 1 937 226 1 366 346
-29.5
BE
515.2
480.1
526.1
524.8
535.9
476.2
-11.1
EU-15 1 743 400 1 256 799
-27.9
97 350
67 379
-30.8 258 860 143 347
-44.6
BG
32.7
32.5
41.0
43.8
25.0
-42.9
EU-12 193 826 109 547
-43.5
CZ
151.7
156.7
174.5
182.6
167.7
-8.1
BE
67 546
53 620
-20.6
2 934
2 630
-10.4
9 590
6 202
-35.3
DK
112.7
146.9
154.4
159.3
150.1
112.2
-25.3
BG
11 478
4 275
-62.8
DE
3 378.3
3 319.3
3 468.0
3 148.2
3 090.0
3 807.2
23.2
CZ
20 269
13 007
-35.8
3 895
2 012
-48.3
7 509
3 117
-58.5
EE
19.6
25.4
30.9
24.6
9.9
-59.5
DK
33 602
15 207
-54.7
1 157
575
-50.3
5 516
2 677
-51.5
IE
230.8
171.7
178.5
186.3
151.6
57.5
-62.1
DE 223 525 170 067
-23.9
37 792
26 177
-30.7
67 797
40 322
-40.5
EL
290.2
269.7
267.7
279.7
267.3
219.7
-17.8
EE
2 976
1 175
-60.5
109
25
-77.1
1 192
231
-80.6
ES
1 381.3
1 528.9
1 634.6
1 614.8
1 161.2
952.8
-17.9
IE
28 163
8 611
-69.4
2 079
859
-58.7
2 609
699
-73.2
FR
2 133.9
2 067.8
2 000.5
2 064.5
2 050.3
2 302.4
12.3
EL
22 205
14 499
-34.7
1 287
988
-23.2
1 503
889
-40.9
IT
2 423.1
2 237.4
2 326.0
2 493.1
2 161.7
2 158.9
-0.1
ES 165 872 106 527
-35.8
7 338
3 999
-45.5
24 729
8 280
-66.5
CY
8.2
19.2
20.3
25.1
24.2
15.5
-36.0
FR 458 937 372 590
-18.8
9 707
7 599
-21.7
48 163
28 576
-40.7
LV
16.6
25.6
32.8
19.8
5.4
-72.9
IT 223 885 175 405
-21.7
9 286
6 714
-27.7
25 191
12 372
-50.9
LT
10.5
14.2
21.6
22.2
7.5
-66.2
CY
5 228
4 250
-18.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
LU
41.9
48.5
50.8
51.3
52.4
47.3
-9.7
LV
2 041
520
-74.5
179
49
-72.6
1 811
251
-86.1
HU
199.0
187.7
171.7
153.3
60.2
-60.7
LT
3 000
776
-74.1
390
100
-74.4
3 084
414
-86.6
MT
6.6
6.7
6.2
5.5
6.0
8.1
LU
4 028
3 063
-24.0
209
135
-35.4
1 584
790
-50.1
NL
597.6
465.2
484.0
505.5
499.9
387.2
-22.5
HU
21 559
10 619
-50.7
AT
309.4
307.9
308.6
298.2
293.7
319.4
8.8
MT
783
472
-39.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
PL
235.5
239.0
293.3
320.0
320.2
0.1
NL
84 654
51 281
-39.4
2 555
1 794
-29.8
15 719
9 963
-36.6
PT
257.8
206.5
194.7
201.8
213.4
161.0
-24.5
AT
32 763
25 582
-21.9
1 158
864
-25.4
7 432
3 926
-47.2
RO
172.5
256.4
315.6
271.0
130.2
-52.0
PL
55 896
40 232
-28.0
6 004
3 650
-39.2
16 401
6 235
-62.0
SI
59.3
59.6
68.7
71.6
58.0
-19.0
PT
55 398
38 905
-29.8
1 048
847
-19.2
4 486
2 364
-47.3
SK
57.1
59.1
59.7
70.0
74.7
6.7
RO
36 414
14 086
-61.3
3 744
973
-74.0
8 762
1 619
-81.5
FI
134.6
147.9
145.7
125.3
139.6
88.3
-36.7
SI
7 282
4 426
-39.2
401
227
-43.4
2 175
531
-75.6
SE
290.5
274.3
282.8
306.8
254.0
213.4
-16.0
SK
26 900
15 709
-41.6
1 075
473
-56.0
3 767
1 188
-68.5
UK
2 221.7
2 439.7
2 344.9
2 404.0
2 131.8
1 995.0
-6.4
FI
16 395
8 693
-47.0
1 149
991
-13.8
3 485
2 178
-37.5
HR
92.4
102.1
114.4
106.2
95.7
53.3
-44.4
SE
39 269
27 432
-30.1
1 036
714
-31.1
5 962
4 783
-19.8
MK
UK 287 158 185 317
-35.5
18 615
12 493
-32.9
35 094
19 326
-44.9
TR
406.8
396.5
353.5
353.2
IS
1 227
302
-75.4
97
18
-81.4
178
30
-83.1
IS
13.6
18.1
17.1
15.9
9.0
2.1
-76.6
NO
34 870
23 504
-32.6
1 869
1 276
-31.7
4 659
2 822
-39.4
NO
97.4
109.9
109.2
129.2
110.6
98.7
-10.8
CH
26 275
23 110
-12.0
1 287
1 150
-10.6
3 876
3 292
-15.1
CH
316.5
264.9
269.5
284.7
288.6
266.0
-7.8
Notes: (1) Data included under 'Light commercial vehicles'.
160
161
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
d 'Au to m o b i l e s (AC E A) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
d 'Au to m o b i l e s (AC E A) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 8
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 9
Road
Road
BUSES AND COACHES
MOTORCYCLES
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS
LIGHT BUSES &
BUSES &
HEAVY BUSES
thousand
%
COACHES
COACHES
& COACHES
CHANGE
<3.5t
>3.5t & <16t
>16t
TOTAL
%
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
EU-15
1 333.2
1 296.0
1 418.5
1 470.0
1 355.4
-7.8
2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009 2008 2009
CHANGE
'08/'09
EU-12
EU-27
BE
25.3
25.0
27.3
30.1
26.4
-12.4
EU-15
5 908
3 913 13 993 11 842 22 537 21 490 42 438 37 245
-12.2
BG
EU-12
CZ
3.9
7.6
8.4
10.0
9.6
-3.4
BE
31
23
369
272
806
684
1 206
979
-18.8
DK
3.3
5.8
7.6
9.8
6.7
-31.6
BG
DE
252.6
168.7
165.8
166.9
166.3
-0.4
CZ
1
0
335
335
888
611
1 224
946
-22.7
EE
0.1
0.3
0.8
1.3
1.2
-5.4
DK
537
348
225
300
429
464
1 191
1 112
-6.6
IE
3.8
2.4
2.5
2.9
2.6
-8.2
DE
28
12
1 226
987
4 631
4 613
5 885
5 612
-4.6
EL
64.0
83.1
88.5
100.5
100.1
-0.3
EE
26
1
96
85
22
26
144
112
-22.2
ES
72.0
205.6
258.4
269.5
209.9
-22.1
IE
600
130
116
107
436
130
1 152
367
-68.1
FR
179.6
196.6
229.4
239.0
237.6
-0.6
EL
61
57
162
318
352
637
575
1 012
76.0
IT
524.6
420.5
445.0
436.0
408.2
-6.4
ES
1 172
849
2 299
1 795
3 471
2 644
-23.8
CY
2.5
2.9
3.7
4.5
20.2
FR
9
2
1 689
1 659
4 926
5 773
6 624
7 434
12.2
LV
0.4
0.8
1.5
1.6
2.5
IT
41
26
1 932
1 770
2 770
1 473
4 743
3 269
-31.1
LT
0.4
1.7
2.5
4.4
5.6
27.2
CY
64
(1)
(1)
64
LU
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
-4.5
LV
26
5
140
30
57
22
223
57
-74.4
HU
12.5
12.0
12.8
12.3
-3.9
LT
95
21
95
91
4
1
194
113
-41.8
MT
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
8.3
LU
19
34
206
175
225
209
-7.1
NL
19.6
16.8
14.8
16.2
17.0
4.5
HU
748
666
-11.0
AT
23.8
19.1
18.9
23.7
24.5
3.1
MT
21
25
0
0
1
3
22
28
27.3
PL
3.8
5.1
7.6
10.7
41.2
NL
487
110
724
1 052
1 211
1 162
-4.0
PT
17.7
11.2
11.4
12.0
10.8
-10.2
AT
12
155
116
783
528
950
644
-32.2
RO
93.8
PL
2 891
1 817
0
2
2 891
1 819
-37.1
SI
1.2
2.5
3.6
5.1
5.3
4.6
SK
1.2
2.1
3.1
3.1
-0.2
PT
438
311
358
318
796
629
-21.0
FI
5.2
9.2
11.1
11.5
9.1
-21.4
RO
2 686
877
522
8
968
204
4 176
1 089
-73.9
SE
18.4
22.8
27.1
30.7
20.4
-33.5
SI
8
9
59
51
131
75
198
135
-31.8
UK
121.9
108.1
109.5
119.9
114.5
-4.5
SK
5
7
246
225
345
442
596
674
13.1
HR
6.7
7.8
9.0
8.8
-1.8
FI
72
21
261
302
270
266
603
589
-2.3
MK
3.3
SE
134
134
396
260
680
782
1 210
1 176
-2.8
TR
227.7
389.5
191.9
189.6
-1.2
UK
4 383
3 160
5 346
4 447
2 867
2 800 12 596 10 407
-17.4
IS
IS
26
6
11
2
7
0
44
8
-81.8
NO
6.2
7.8
9.6
10.1
5.7
NO
58
55
483
396
691
709
1 232
1 160
-5.8
CH
45.1
45.6
47.9
48.6
1.6
CH
470
514
154
191
727
418
1 351
1 123
-16.9
Notes: CY: new and used;
Notes: (1) Figures included in other categories.
IT: all two-wheelers over 50cc;
MT: including mopeds.
162
163
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
d 'Au to m o b i l e s (AC E A) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
d e M o to c yc l e s (AC E M ) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 0
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 1
Road
Sea
MOPEDS
EU MERCHANT FLEET
NEW VEHICLE DELIVERIES
SHIPS OF 1 000 grt AND OVER
thousand
%
On 1 January 2008
CHANGE
FOREIGN FLAG
SHARE OF
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
TOTAL FLEET
INCLUDING
FOREIGN FLAG
CONTROLLED
NATIONAL FLAG
OTHER EU
IN TOTAL FLEET
EU-27
EU-15
1 094.9
776.6
745.8
781.5
708.7
-9.3
Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt
EU-12
EU-27
11 130
392.1
3 498
123.0
7 632
269.0
BE
33.2
17.3
20.3
21.4
19.6
-8.5
EU-15
10 252
377.4
3 196
118.1
7 056
259.3
BG
EU-12
878
14.7
302
4.9
576
9.8
BE
177
11.6
65
5.9
112
5.7
63.3 %
49.1 %
CZ
8.0
6.1
6.1
5.7
-6.8
BG
107
1.8
69
1.2
38
0.6
35.5 %
31.5 %
DK
9.8
4.9
4.5
4.5
3.7
-18.8
CZ
1
0.0
1
0.0
100.0 %
100.0 %
DE
108.7
97.3
109.9
94.2
79.6
-15.6
DK
768
26.6
261
10.2
507
16.4
66.0 %
61.8 %
EE
DE
3 189
94.5
375
14.6
2 814
79.9
88.2 %
84.5 %
IE
3.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
-14.4
EE
99
0.4
27
0.1
72
0.3
72.7 %
76.5 %
EL
19.2
24.1
36.3
21.9
25.0
14.2
IE
42
0.2
23
0.1
19
0.1
45.2 %
37.6 %
ES
248.6
115.1
137.5
125.9
84.2
-33.1
EL
3 087
175.7
734
55.5
2 353
120.2
76.2 %
68.4 %
FR
192.3
154.9
184.9
209.5
190.3
-9.1
ES
248
3.9
127
0.9
121
3.0
48.8 %
77.4 %
IT
311.8
128.3
109.9
130.7
123.1
-5.8
FR
250
6.4
116
2.8
134
3.5
53.6 %
55.5 %
CY
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.7
-0.9
IT
696
16.9
510
11.4
186
5.4
26.7 %
32.1 %
LV
1.4
2.5
4.4
3.7
-15.0
CY
247
6.5
111
2.9
136
3.6
55.1 %
55.5 %
LT
5.4
LV
145
1.8
19
0.2
126
1.6
86.9 %
89.2 %
LU
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.7
12.1
LT
61
0.4
39
0.3
22
0.1
36.1 %
23.5 %
HU
LU
MT
HU
MT
18
0.1
14
0.0
4
0.0
22.2 %
32.3 %
NL
66.9
40.9
48.8
57.4
69.6
21.2
NL
599
5.9
435
3.6
164
2.3
27.4 %
38.8 %
AT
21.3
27.7
28.3
30.9
31.0
0.1
AT
5
0.0
2
0.0
3
0.0
60.0 %
57.1 %
PL
23.3
43.6
91.9
136.0
48.0
PL
109
2.1
11
0.0
98
2.0
89.9 %
98.4 %
PT
15.0
103.6
PT
41
0.7
26
0.1
15
0.6
36.6 %
87.0 %
RO
2.0
7.9
7.2
-8.2
RO
62
0.9
11
0.1
51
0.8
82.3 %
86.6 %
SI
3.1
4.7
5.7
5.9
2.2
SI
28
0.7
28
0.7
100.0 %
100.0 %
SK
2.0
2.6
3.0
2.6
-13.3
SK
1
0.0
1
0.0
FI
6.4
20.9
25.7
27.4
25.3
-8.0
FI
124
1.8
81
0.7
43
1.0
34.7 %
58.3 %
SE
10.0
15.4
15.0
31.9
31.1
-2.2
SE
356
7.0
154
1.9
202
5.1
56.7 %
72.3 %
UK
48.2
24.7
23.6
24.6
25.0
1.6
UK
670
26.2
287
10.2
383
16.0
57.2 %
61.1 %
HR
15.2
18.2
19.8
9.0
HR
115
3.1
78
2.1
37
1.0
32.2 %
32.8 %
MK
MK
TR
TR
1 003
13.2
490
6.6
513
6.6
51.1 %
50.0 %
IS
IS
44
0.3
2
0.0
42
0.3
95.5 %
99.7 %
NO
11.9
11.0
10.5
11.4
8.6
NO
1 400
45.1
514
13.4
886
31.7
63.3 %
70.2 %
CH
156
3.5
33
0.9
123
2.6
78.8 %
73.2 %
CH
3.1
3.0
2.7
3.1
14.2
Notes: DK: including international registers like the Danish International Ship Register;
Notes: CY: new and used.
including vessels registered at territorial dependencies.
Russia: 1 523 ships 16.907 mio dwt; Monaco: 70 ships 2.721 mio dwt;
Ukraine: 358 ships 2.359 mio dwt; Gibraltar: 10 ships 0.286 mio dwt.
164
165
S o u rce : As s o c i a t i o n d e s Co n s t r u c te u r s Eu ro p é e n s
S o u rce : I S L m e rc h a n t f l e e t d a t a b a s e s ; a g gre g a te s b a s e d o n q u a r te r l y
d e M o to c yc l e s (AC E M ) , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s
u p d a te s f ro m t h e L l oyd ' s M a r i t i m e I n fo r m a t i o n Sys te m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 2 a
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 2 b
Sea
Sea
WORLD MERCHANT FLEET
WORLD MERCHANT FLEET
TOTAL CONTROLLED FLEET BY WORLD REGION
FOR TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND PASSENGERS:
FLEET BY TYPE OF SHIP AND COUNTRY OF DOMICILE
dwt (million)
On 1 January 2008
On 1 January:
Number
dwt (thousand)
World region
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
(ships of 1 000 gt and over)
WORLD EU-27
%
WORLD EU-27
%
Europe (*)
311.2
350.1
400.9
420.6
465.1
480.9
TOTAL FLEET
34 915
11 130
32 1 071 034 392 052
37
of which: EU-27
223.6
258.0
316.9
332.1
368.5
392.1
Tankers
8 743
2 749
31 436 229 156 638
36
of which: EU-15
207.5
247.5
305.0
321.2
355.9
377.4
OF WHICH:
North America
51.0
49.4
45.4
51.6
49.3
49.7
Oil tankers
6 912
2 220
32 397 629 144 016
36
Latin America
18.7
15.7
14.4
12.3
12.4
13.5
Chemical tankers
744
176
24
8 653
1 677
19
Asia / Oceania
246.7
292.7
361.3
399.4
423.4
462.7
Liquid gas tankers
1 087
353
32
47 929
11 962
25
Bulk carriers
6 757
2 071
31 386 212 124 061
32
Africa
6.7
7.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
Container ships
4 243
2 249
53 144 528
80 119
55
Unknown
38.0
38.1
52.7
47.4
45.8
59.3
General cargo
12 981
3 331
26
98 193
28 923
29
TOTAL
672.4
753.2
879.9
936.4
1 001.1
1 071.0
OF WHICH:
SHARE OF EU IN TOTAL AND OF FOREIGN FLAG IN EU
Single-deck
6 827
1 573
23
48 040
12 383
26
EU-27 control of total
33.2 %
34.2 %
36.0 %
35.5 %
36.8 %
36.6 %
Multi-deck
3 201
767
24
23 483
5 468
23
EU-15 control of total
30.9 %
32.9 %
34.7 %
34.3 %
35.5 %
35.2 %
Ro-Ro Cargo
841
333
40
6 334
3 150
50
EU-27: Foreign flag share (**)
56.5 %
68.1 %
67.8 %
67.7 %
69.3 %
68.6 %
Reefer
1 012
335
33
6 530
2 812
43
Special
1 100
323
29
13 807
5 110
37
EU-15: Foreign flag share (**)
57.7 %
67.7 %
67.0 %
67.6 %
69.4 %
68.7 %
Passenger and passenger cargo
2 191
730
33
5 871
2 311
39
Notes: only ships of 1 000 gt and over.
(*) In this table Europe includes EU-27, EFTA, Monaco, Gibraltar, Andorra,
Turkey, Western Balkan countries, Russia, Ukraine and Moldavia.
FOR TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND PASSENGERS
(**) Foreign flag share includes ships registered by EU countries in other
EU countries.
On 1 January 2008 FLAG, NUMBERS AND GROSS TONS
Number
gt (thousand)
(ships of 300 gt and over)
WORLD EU-27
%
WORLD EU-27
%
TOTAL PASSENGER AND
4 135
1 272
31
31 245
12 984
42
PASSENGER/CARGO SHIPS
Cargo passenger and Ro-Ro
2 590
865
33
16 721
9 432
56
passenger ships
Passenger (not Ro-Ro)
1 545
407
26
14 524
3 552
24
Cruise ships
284
90
32
14 068
4 135
29
(ships of 1 000 gt and over)
Notes: No deadweight figure is given for cruise ships, since dwt is a measure
of the weight admissible in the vessel.
Ro-Ro: vehicles roll on to embark, vehicles roll off to disembark.
Reefer: refrigerated ships.
166
167
S o u rce : I S L m e rc h a n t f l e e t d a t a b a s e s ; a g gre g a te s b a s e d o n q u a r te r l y
S o u rce : I n s t i t u te fo r S h i p p i n g E co n o m i c s a n d Lo gi s t i c s, B re m e n
u p d a te s f ro m t h e L l oyd ' s M a r i t i m e I n fo r m a t i o n Sys te m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 3
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 4
Air
Air
PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
FREIGHT, SPECIAL, BUSINESS AIRCRAFT
NUMBER OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT IN SERVICE
NUMBER OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT IN SERVICE
On 31 December 2009 PASSENGER AIRCRAFT
On 31 December 2009
50 seats
51 to 150
151 to 250
251 seats
QUICK-
or less
seats
seats
and more
TOTAL
CHANGE
FREIGHT / CARGO
CONVERTIBLE
TE /
EU-27
614 1
447 1
568 500 4
129
A
under
over
EU-15
507 1
270 1
452 497 3
726
100 000 lbs 100 000 lbs (pass./cargo)
ORPOR
EU-12
107 177 116
3 403
mtow
mtow
Multi-role
SPECIAL
PURPOSE /
AMBULANCE
BUSINESS /
C
EXECUTIVE
EU-27
190 163 69 84
1
979
BE
19 40 15 6 80
EU-15
139 158 66 79
1
838
BG
8 13 16
37
EU-12
51 5 3 5
141
CZ
15 29 21
65
BE
13 27 4 1 52
DK
31 43 24 7
105
BG
1 1
20
DE
67 326 204 94 691
CZ
3 1
21
EE
7 6
13
DK
11 9
69
DE
14 22 2 24 369
IE
5 29 245 8
287
EE
1 8
EL
11 30 36 2 79
IE
15 6
23
ES
47 85 168 43
343
EL
5 1
36
FR
92 135 129 94 450
ES
37 9 9 8
123
IT
13 84 154 24
275
FR
1 14 17 15 109
CY
3 9 2
14
IT
2 3 4 2
124
LV
7 24 6 1
38
CY
7
LV
7 2
12
LT
7 4 2
13
LT
5 3
LU
8 8 1
17
LU
9 13
4 62
HU
6 21 29
56
HU
15 1 1 1 7
MT
9 6 7
22
MT
11
NL
7 75 44 51
177
NL
9 3 3 42
AT
1 4
245
AT
33 51 31 7
122
PL
17 1
3
12
PL
20 36 14
70
PT
2 1
179
PT
13 30 38 19
100
RO
13
RO
19 24 11
54
SI
3 1
15
SI
7 4
11
SK
12
SK
2 7 1
10
FI
1 2 24
SE
28 2
4
41
FI
9 59 20 13
101
UK
14 44 13 10 340
SE
51 29 10 5 95
HR
4
UK
101 246 333 124 804
MK
HR
3 9 9
21
TR
4 23
1 64
MK
1
1
IS
14 3
TR
48 169 14 231
NO
1 12
CH
12 5
179
IS
13 2 9
24
LI
6
NO
39 100 35 2 176
CH
20 63 51 6
140
Notes: Special purpose / Ambulance: contains data about Hospital /
Ambulance / Medevac and Special Role / Operations / Mission aircraft.
Notes: More than 30 000 small private planes not included
mtow: maximum take-off weight.
In this table blanks means none.
In this table blanks means none.
168
169
S o u rce : As ce n d
S o u rce : As ce n d
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 5
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 6
Rail
Rail
LOCOMOTIVES AND RAILCARS
PASSENGER TRANSPORT VEHICLES
STOCK OF VEHICLES
STOCK OF COACHES, RAILCARS AND TRAILERS
%
%
CHANGE
CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
'07/ '08
EU-27
65 715
47 546
48 261
61 625
60 668
-1.6
EU-27
98 929 96 654 95 770 99 552
3.9
EU-15
43 444
33 062
34 026
47 314
47 197
-0.2
EU-15
75 305 73 503 72 318 76 487
5.8
EU-12
22 271
17 460
14 484
14 235
14 311
13 471
-5.9
EU-12
30 818
23 624
23 151
23 452
23 065
-1.7
BE
1 727
1 670
1 518
1 469
1 449
1 403
-3.2
BE
3 286
3 494
3 251
3 235
3 275
3 201
-2.3
BG
1
119
762
669 687 699 713 2.0
BG
2 386
2 099
1 558
1 531
1 550
1 599
3.2
CZ
3 596
3 163
3 037
2 921
2 758
-5.6
CZ
5 252
4 895
4 767
4 566
4 561
-0.1
DK
524
415
464 447 447 448 0.2
DK
1 594
1 590
1 473
1 473
1 473
1 523
3.4
DE
14 437
9 656
7 742
8 817
13 890
14 565
4.9
DE
24 139
21 097
20 169
18 174
17 537
18 671
6.5
EE
300
194
170 167 190 98
EE
596
241
183 185 189 189 0.0
IE
166
172
412 428 428 549 28.3
IE
314
421
581 581 581 649 11.7
EL
400
244
289 284 295 301 2.0
EL
810
505
564 591 781 793 1.5
ES
1 922
1 693
1 946
1 745
1 918
1 983
3.4
ES
3 839
3 765
5 239
5 024
4 860
5 075
4.4
FR
7 279
7 158
7 354
6 995
7 155
7 050
-1.5
FR
15 748
15 656
15 879
15 995
15 863
16 255
2.5
IT
4 818
4 697
4 674
5 008
4 683
4 621
-1.3
IT
14 025
11 914
10 066
10 418
10 174
9 825
-3.4
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
LV
739
433
358 348 346 197
LV
1
226
702
490 490 491 491 0.0
LT
389
419
365 368 368 356 -3.3
LT
664
563
467 458 423 363
-14.2
LU
97
124
145 128 149 159 6.7
LU
114
149
185 191 191 187 -2.1
HU
2 040
1 453
1 385
1 400
1 413
959
HU
4 385
3 232
2 787
2 797
3 372
3 253
-3.5
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
2 372
1 965
2 078
2 025
2 033
2 079
2.3
NL
2 268
2 742
852
870
833
2 818
AT
1 543
1 530
1 500
1 639
1 725
1 668
-3.3
AT
3 689
3 468
3 112
3 040
2 978
3 010
1.1
PL
6 801
5 293
4 723
4 561
4 581
4 617
0.8
PL
11 928
9 761
7 725
7 416
7 255
7 224
-0.4
PT
530
589
439 429 433 431 -0.5
PT
1 232
1 303
1 125
1 062
1 060
1 051
-0.8
RO
4 515
3 440
2 186
2 220
2 262
2 290
1.2
RO
6 352
6 234
3 310
3 380
3 462
3 314
-4.3
SI
358
300
261 271 273 267 -2.2
SI
606
461
401 400 373 362 -2.9
SK
1 570
1 204
1 176
1 258
1 216
-3.3
SK
2 273
1 808
1 727
1 771
1 709
-3.5
FI
669
735
702 697 694 662 -4.6
FI
957
1 003
1 084
1 083
1 024
1 035
1.1
SE
1
350
887
622 644
648 639 -1.4
SE
1
747
1
000
791 832 792 879 11.0
UK
5 610
3 177
3 271
11 367
10 639
-6.4
UK
10 934
10 934
10 896
11 515
5.7
HR
563
480
377 374 339 345 1.8
HR
1
052
720
579 571 552 553 0.2
MK
92
101
73 72 72 72 0.0
MK
175
164
125 124 124 124 0.0
TR
897
849
735 732 724 613
-15.3
TR
1 443
1 415
1 312
1 306
1 319
1 304
-1.1
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
NO
502
299
289 223 223 223 0.0
NO
900
918
191 191 191 191 0.0
CH
1 254
1 528
2 198
2 167
2 272
2 278
0.3
CH
4 136
3 333
4 293
4 463
4 491
4 470
-0.5
Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).
Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).
170
171
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r,
n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 6 . 1 7
M E A N S O F T R A N S P O R T
S A F E T Y
3 . 7
Rail
3 . 7 . 1
GOODS TRANSPORT WAGONS
Road Fatalities
STOCK OF VEHICLES
%
CHANGE CHANGE
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007 (*)
2008 (*)
1990 2000 2001 2005 2006 2007 2008 '07/'08 '01/'08
EU-27
EU-27 75 977 56 459 54 303 45 300 43 062 42 496 38 875
-8.5
-28.4
EU-15
825 398
EU-15 55 888 41 421 40 266 31 384 29 514 28 277 25 429
-10.1
-36.8
EU-12
516 764
421 261
282 394
286 769
224 743
216 756
EU-12 20 089 15 038 14 037 13 916 13 548 14 219 13 446
-5.4
-4.2
BE
30 332
18 790
17 375
15 544
10 616
9 454
BE
1 976 1 470 1 486 1 089 1 069 1 071
944
-11.9
-36.5
BG
42 459
29 720
16 511
17 111
12 417
12 825
BG
1 567 1 012 1 011
957 1 043 1 006 1 061
5.5
4.9
CZ
58 524
44 545
42 762
32 809
31 656
CZ
1 291 1 486 1 334 1 286 1 063 1 221 1 076
-11.9
-19.3
DK
4 632
2 236
DK
634
498
431
331
306 406 406 0.0 -5.8
DE
366 724
189 558
158 247
155 468
95 595
119 916
DE 11 046 7 503 6 977 5 361 5 091 4 949 4 477
-9.5
-35.8
EE
5 857
18 971
17 109
3 353
2 905
EE
436
204
199
170
204 196 132 -32.7 -33.7
IE
1 830
1 856
926
1 095
891
891
IE
478
418
412
400
365 338 279 -17.5 -32.3
EL
10 967
3 453
3 491
3 166
3 568
4 763
EL
2 050 2 037 1 880 1 658 1 657 1 612 1 555
-3.5
-17.3
ES
37 687
26 452
23 842
15 031
15 524
14 973
ES
9 032 5 777 5 517 4 442 4 104 3 823 3 100
-18.9
-43.8
FR
148 100
94 789
95 738
91 816
31 589
31 845
FR 11 215 8 079 8 162 5 318 4 709 4 620 4 275
-7.5
-47.6
IT
99 728
70 115
45 730
46 450
41 477
40 819
IT
7 151 7 061 7 096 5 818 5 669 5 131 4 731
-7.8
-33.3
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
CY
116
111
98
102
86 89 82 -7.9 -16.3
LV
11 085
9 146
8 871
8 848
5 256
5 228
LV
947
635
558
442
407 419 316 -24.6 -43.4
LT
12 860
13 155
13 192
13 393
9 486
9 648
LT
933
641
706
773
760 739 498 -32.6 -29.5
LU
2 719
2 626
3 222
3 456
3 526
3 836
LU
70
76
70
47
36 43 35
-18.6
-50.0
HU
23 528
19 130
13 824
11 719
11 766
HU
2 432 1 200 1 239 1 278 1 303 1 232
996
-19.2
-19.6
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
MT
4
15
16
17
11 14 15 7.1 -6.3
NL
6 697
4 700
NL
1 376 1 082
993
750
730
709
677
-4.5
-31.8
AT
34 330
23 970
22 655
16 891
18 473
18 873
AT
1
391
976
958
768
730 691 679 -1.7 -29.1
PL
275 582
130 116
75 164
74 146
73 993
74 408
PL
7 333 6 294 5 534 5 444 5 243 5 583 5 437
-2.6
-1.8
PT
4 579
4 162
3 495
3 197
2 953
3 043
PT
2 646 1 877 1 670 1 247
969
974
885
-9.1
-47.0
RO
166 086
117 982
65 175
65 916
53 616
46 863
RO
3 782 2 499 2 450 2 629 2 587 2 800 3 061
9.3
24.9
SI
8 692
6 258
4 465
4 508
3 979
3 921
SI
517
313
278
258
262 293 214 -27.0 -23.0
SK
26 975
16 370
29 152
18 115
17 536
SK
731
628
614
560
579 627 558 -11.0 -9.1
FI
15 200
12 630
11 216
11 024
10 790
10 934
FI
649
396
433
379
336 380 344 -9.5 -20.6
SE
27 470
17 596
13 649
SE
772
591
583
440
445 471 397 -15.7 -31.9
UK
34 403
8 284
UK
5 402 3 580 3 598 3 336 3 298 3 059 2 645
-13.5
-26.5
HR
13 720
9 986
7 330
6 813
6 781
6 632
HR
1
360
655
647
597
614 619 664 7.3 2.6
MK
1 525
1 553
1 498
1 498
MK
162
107
143
140 173 162 -6.4 51.4
TR
21 941
17 872
17 499
18 229
17 041
17 079
TR
6 317 5 510 4 386 4 505 4 633 5 007 4 236
-15.4
-3.4
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
IS
24
32
24
19
31 15 12
-20.0
-50.0
NO
NO
332
341
275
224
242 233 255 9.4 -7.3
CH
27 104
19 894
18 339
10 917
10 464
11 516
CH
954
592
544
409
370 384 357 -7.0 -34.4
Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).
Notes: Persons killed are all persons deceased within 30 days of the accident.
(*) Not including private-owners' vehicles;
Corrective factors have been applied to the figures which did not
not fully comparable with data of previous years.
follow this definition.
172
173
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s
S o u rce : Fro m 1 9 9 1 : C A R E d a t a b a s e ( D G M o b i l i t y a n d Tra n s p o r t ) ,
I n te r n a t i o n a l Tra n s p o r t Fo r u m , n a t i o n a l s o u rce s. 1 9 9 0 : I R TA D (O E C D)
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
S A F E T Y
S A F E T Y
3 . 7 . 2
3 . 7 . 3 a
Road Fatalities
Road Fatalities Country Rankings
BY T YPE OF USER
FATALITIES
2008
L
TA
per million
per million
T
TO
inhabitants
per 10 billion pkm
passenger cars
MT
36
UK
39
MT
66
L
% OF
A
NL
41
SE
40
UK
91
EAR
THER/NO
Y
TOT
DRIVER
PASSENGER
PEDESTRIAN
O
SPECIFIED
PEDESTRIAN
AS A
SE
43
NL
45
NL
91
BE
2008
944
636 147 99 62
10.5
%
UK
43
LU
51
SE
93
DE
55
DE
51
LU
108
BG
IE
63
FI
53
DE
109
CZ
2008
1 076
629 209 238 0
22.1
%
FI
65
IE
56
FI
131
DK
2008
406
288 60 58 0
14.3
%
ES
68
FR
58
IT
132
DE
2008
4 477
3 108
704
653
12
14.6 %
FR
69
IT
59
FR
137
EE
2008
132
58 30 41 3
31.1
%
LU
72
MT
68
ES
141
DK
74
DK
75
IE
144
IE
2006
365
202 89 72 2
19.7
%
EU-27
78
EU-27
80
AT
159
EL
2008
1 553
1
019 285 248 1
16.0
%
IT
79
BE
84
EU-27
168
ES
2008
3 099
1 910
668
502
19
16.2 %
AT
81
SI
85
BE
185
FR
2008
4 275
2
963 750 548 14
12.8
%
PT
83
ES
89
CY
192
IT
2007
5 131
3
543 833 627 128
12.2
%
BE
88
AT
91
DK
195
EE
98
PT
99
PT
201
CY
2008
82
55 11 16 0
19.5
%
HU
99
EE
124
SI
208
LV
2007
419
174 82 158 5
37.7
%
SK
103
LT
129
EE
245
LT
CZ
103
CY
139
CZ
247
LU
2005
47
34 0 2 11
4.3
%
CY
103
CZ
142
LT
306
HU
2008
996
542 203 251 0
25.2
%
SI
106
EL
147
EL
317
EL
138
LV
181
HU
328
MT
2007
12
8 0 3 1
25.0
%
BG
139
PL
196
LV
344
NL
2007
709
511 105 86 7
12.1
%
LV
139
SK
206
PL
355
AT
2008
679
480 97 102 0
15.0
%
RO
142
HU
230
SK
375
PL
2005
5 444
2 472
1 216
1 756
0
32.3 %
PL
143
BG
241
BG
477
PT
2007
974
606 212 156 0
16.0
%
LT
148
RO
420
RO
809
RO
2008
3 061
1 223
768
1 065
5
34.8 %
Notes: Fatalities: all fatalities on the road: car drivers and passengers,
SI
2008
214
146 6 39 23
18.2
%
bus and coach occupants, powered two-wheelers' riders and
passengers, cyclists, pedestrians, commercial vehicle drivers, etc.
SK
indicated in table 3.7.1 for 2008.
pkm: indicator of traffic volume (in the absence of consistent
FI
2008
344
228 63 53 0
15.4
%
vehicle-kilometre data); passenger-kilometres of cars indicated
SE
2008
397
286 62 45 4
11.3
%
in table 3.3.4 for 2008 plus passenger-kilometres of motorised
two-wheelers.
UK
2007
3 059
1 819
577
663
0
21.7 %
Inhabitants: the sum of the population indicated in table 1.5
at 1 January 2008 and 1 January 2009 divided by two.
Passenger cars: the sum of the stock of vehicles indicated in
Notes: Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident.
table 3.6.2 for 2007 and 2008 divided by two.
'Driver' includes cyclists.
174
175
S o u rce : t a b l e s 1 . 5 , 3 . 3 . 4 , 3 . 6 . 2 , 3 . 7 . 1 a n d e s t i m a te s a s we l l a s n a t i o n a l
S o u rce : C A R E d a t a b a s e ( D G M o b i l i t y a n d Tra n s p o r t )
s t a t i s t i c s fo r p owe re d t wo -w h e e l e r s p k m
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 7 . 3 b
S A F E T Y
S A F E T Y
3 . 7 . 4
Road Fatalities of Vehicle Occupants
Road Accidents
BY T YPE OF VEHICLE
NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS INVOLVING PERSONAL INJURY
thousand
%
XI
H
C
AL
A
TA
O
CLEY
CLEY
TUR
R
'07/'08
L
Y,
ONNES
TO
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
2008
CHANGE
A
ANDR
VY GOODS
TORC
AL C
CA
TORISED
T
EAR
A
GRICUL
THER
EU-27
1 487.61 1 420.352 1 462.996 1 321.450 1 299.245 1 296.928 1 232.211
-4.9
Y
TOT
C
BUS OR C
HEA
VEHICLE
LORR
<3.5 T
MO
MOPED
PED
A
TR
O
MO
NO
SPECIFIED
EU-15
1 342.80 1 269.186 1 316.375 1 165.078 1 143.616 1 134.800 1 073.253
-5.4
BE 2008 845 479 2 25 40 108 32 86 3 8 62
EU-12
144.81 151.166 146.621 156.372 155.629 162.128 158.958
-1.0
BG
BE
62.45
50.744
49.065
49.307
49.171
43.239
42.115
-2.6
CZ 2008 838 573 0 18 27
121 2 93 0 4 0
BG
6.48
7.435
6.886
8.224
8.222
8.010
8.045
0.4
CZ
21.91
28.746
25.445
25.239
22.115
23.060
22.481
-2.5
DK 2008 348 196 0 2 22 40 30 54 1 3 0
DK
9.16
8.373
7.346
5.413
5.403
5.549
5.020
-9.5
DE 2008 3 824 2
368 10 91 92 656 110 456 11 18 12
DE
389.35 388.003 382.949 336.618 327.984 335.845 320.614
-4.5
EE 2008
91
69 0 3 0 1 6 9 0 0 3
EE
2.10
1.644
1.504
2.341
2.585
2.449
1.857
-24.2
IE
6.07
8.117
7.749
6.533
6.018
5.544
5.544
0.0
IE 2006 293 226 3 2 16 29 0 9 0 6 2
EL
19.61
22.798
23.001
16.914
16.190
15.499
15.983
3.1
EL 2008 1 305 708 4 19 62 394 41 22 44 10 1
ES
101.51
83.586 101.729
91.187
99.779 100.508
93.161
-7.3
ES 2008 2 597 1
495 28 85 189 484 181 59 26 30 20
FR
162.57 132.949 121.223
84.525
80.309
81.272
74.487
-8.3
FR 2008 3 727 2
205 20 76 134 817 291 148 11 11 14
IT
161.78 182.761 229.034 240.011 238.124 230.871 218.963
-5.2
CY
3.17
3.052
2.397
1.382
1.558
1.468
1.392
-5.2
IT 2007 4 504 2
320 18 59 25
1
182 358 352 24 38 128
LV
4.33
4.056
4.482
4.466
4.301
4.780
4.184
-12.5
CY 2008
66
36
16 8 6
0
LT
5.14
4.144
5.807
6.772
6.589
6.448
4.897
-24.1
LV 2007 261 203 3 12 0 10 4 18 6 0 5
LU
1.22
1.145
0.899
0.775
0.805
0.937
0.757
-19.2
HU
27.80
19.817
17.493
20.777
20.977
20.634
19.174
-7.1
LT
MT
0.24
0.969
1.253
0.848
0.894
0.942
1.157
22.8
LU 2005
45
28 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 11
NL
44.89
42.641
42.271
27.007
24.527
25.819
21.832
-15.4
HU 2008 745 448 3 22 33 91 26 109 0 13 0
AT
46.34
38.956
42.126
40.896
39.884
41.096
39.173
-4.7
MT 2007
9
4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 1
PL
50.53
56.904
57.331
48.100
46.876
49.536
49.054
-1.0
PT
45.11
48.339
44.463
37.066
35.680
35.311
33.613
-4.8
NL 2007 623 299 1 7 35 64 60
147 2 1 7
RO
9.71
9.119
7.555
19.819
21.905
24.661
29.307
18.8
AT 2008 577 367 2 3 19 91 25 62 6 2 0
SI
5.18
6.567
8.584
10.509
11.620
11.640
9.165
-21.3
PL 2005 3 688 2
526 52 217 0 157 53 603 67 13 0
SK
8.24
8.713
7.884
7.895
7.987
8.500
8.245
-3.0
FI
10.18
7.812
6.633
7.020
6.740
6.657
6.881
3.4
PT 2007 818 417 15 25 70 145 71 34 32 9 0
SE
16.98
15.626
15.770
18.094
18.213
18.548
18.309
-1.3
RO 2008 1 996 1
321 6 139 0 90 150 179 5 101 5
UK
265.60 237.336 242.117 203.712 194.789 188.105 176.801
-6.0
SI 2008 175
82 0 0 3 40 8 17 2 0 23
HR
14.47
12.67
14.43
15.68
16.71
18.03
16.28
-9.7
SK
MK
2.30
1.70
3.31
4.04
TR
55.77
66.03
75.20
FI 2008 291 202 0 5 9 36 13 18 6 2 0
IS
0.56
1.06
0.98
0.67
0.89
1.13
1.07
-5.2
SE 2008 352 230 1 5 11 51 11 30 0 9 4
NO
8.80
8.63
8.44
8.08
7.93
8.18
7.73
-5.6
UK 2007 2 396 1
489 14 54 63 596 18 138 1 23 0
CH
23.83
23.03
23.74
21.71
21.49
21.91
20.74
-5.4
Notes: Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident.
Notes: The definition of an accident involving personal injury differs
from country to country.
176
177
S o u rce : C A R E d a t a b a s e ( D G M o b i l i t y a n d Tra n s p o r t )
S o u rce : C A R E ; U n i te d N a t i o n s ( S t a t i s t i c s o f ro a d t r a f f i c a cc i d e n t s ) , n a -
t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s, e s t i m a te s ( i n i t a l i c s )
T R A N S P O R T
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 7 . 5
S A F E T Y
S A F E T Y
3 . 7 . 6
Air
Railway Fatalities
LIVES LOST
NUMBER OF RAILWAY PASSENGERS KILLED
IN ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RAILWAY
1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Lives lost over EU-27
Lives lost by EU-27
EU-27
65
138
76
83
PERIOD
territory by any operator
operators anywhere
EU-15
165
117
75
121
91
75
51
36
54
28
1990
0
47
EU-12
14
102
22
55
BE
0
3
10
0
4
1
0
2
9
0
1991
41
278
BG
3
0
26
26
3
1
2
12
1992
154
143
CZ
1
0
4
2
5
4
2
0
13
1993
16
16
DK
1
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
DE
50
38
13
26
23
25
7
2
3
1
1994
9
5
EE
0
0
0
0
1995
133
121
IE
1
2
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1996
20
4
EL
0
20
4
4
0
0
0
3
0
1
1997
71
1
ES
4
0
0
3
16
0
1
10
14
5
FR
30
15
11
24
7
6
5
11
9
10
1998
19
62
IT
9
8
9
17
9
11
22
5
11
4
1999
46
66
CY
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2000
113
113
LV
0
0
0
0
LT
0
0
0
0
0
0
2001
122
125
LU
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2002
101
25
HU
33
11
11
12
9
8
6
3
8
10
2003
5
5
MT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
NL
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2004
0
0
AT
6
4
3
13
7
2
1
2
4
4
2005
144
125
PL
21
20
0
16
11
15
0
10
11
7
2006
5
6
PT
22
2
11
8
15
8
7
0
1
3
RO
0
8
4
0
1
1
86
1
12
2007
0
1
SI
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
2008
154
154
SK
0
0
2
2
2
0
0
0
1
2009
9
228
FI
0
2
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
SE
3
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1970-79/yr.
312
317
UK
37
20
10
23
10
18
8
0
3
0
1980-89/yr.
179
145
HR
5
5
1
0
3
0
1990-99/yr.
51
74
MK
0
0
0
2
TR
17
9
11
7
8
46
10
6
1
9
2000-09/yr.
65
78
IS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Notes: Onboard fatalities, and only those in aircraft with a take-off mass above 5 701kg.
NO
4
32
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Data include fatalities from Commercial Air Transport (passenger, cargo, air taxi,
ferry/positioning and emergency medical service) and fatalities from General
CH
8
2
3
4
9
1
3
0
0
0
Aviation (only 'Business' flights).
178
179
S o u rce : U n i o n I n te r n a t i o n a l e d e s C h e m i n s d e Fe r, n a t i o n a l s t a t i s t i c s
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n Av i a t i o n S a fe t y Ag e n c y
T R A N S P O R T
3 . 7 . 7
S A F E T Y
PART 4
Sea
SHIPS LOST
ENVIRONMENT
SHIPS LOST WORLD
BULKERS AND
YEAR
TANKERS
COMBINED CARRIERS
OTHER SHIPS
N°
1 000 gt
N°
1 000 gt
N°
1 000 gt
1996
13 58 14 247 59 294
1997
13 308 6 137 58 274
1998
5 26 11 160 62 323
1999
6 71 11 277 55 283
2000
10 173 21 394 68 248
2001
9 202 12 341 88 319
2002
10 119 10 234 77 454
2003
9 158 8 107 74 274
2004
18 104 6 103 62 277
2005
11 103 8 117 79 309
2006
11 35 9 397 70 294
2007
6 34 11 197 70 311
Notes: Reported world total losses at time of loss; ships of 500 gt and over.
180
S o u rce : I n s t i t u te fo r S h i p p i n g E co n o m i c s a n d Lo gi s t i c s, B re m e n
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1
PART 4
4 . 1 . 1
SUMMARY
Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) (*)
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
4.1 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GHG ......................... 183
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
5 564.0
5 212.6
5 053.6
5 111.0
5 105.2
5 045.4
EU-25
5 203.3
4 943.2
4 848.8
4 890.5
4 879.4
4 817.3
4.2 CO EMISSIONS .............................................................................. 199
2
BE
143.2
149.5
145.1
141.9
136.6
131.3
BG
117.7
88.6
69.2
71.0
71.9
75.8
CZ
194.7
153.2
147.2
146.2
149.1
150.8
4.3 OTHER EMISSION INDICATORS ........................................ 219
DK
69.1
76.2
67.8
63.5
71.0
66.6
DE
1 215.2
1 084.9
1 008.2
968.9
980.0
956.1
EE
41.9
20.9
18.4
19.6
19.2
22.0
4.4 BIOFUELS .......................................................................................... 220
IE
55.4
59.2
69.0
70.3
69.7
69.2
EL
105.6
110.2
127.1
131.8
128.1
131.9
ES
288.1
319.2
385.8
441.2
433.1
442.3
4.5 OTHER
ENVIRONMENT
FR
562.6
556.2
556.8
553.9
541.7
531.1
IT
516.3
529.7
549.5
573.7
563.0
552.8
RELATED INDICATORS ............................................................. 222
CY
5.5
6.9
9.3
9.9
10.0
10.1
LV
26.7
12.6
10.1
11.2
11.7
12.1
LT
49.1
21.8
19.2
22.6
22.9
24.7
LU
13.1
10.4
10.0
13.4
13.3
12.9
HU
99.2
79.8
78.0
80.4
78.9
75.9
MT
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.0
NL
212.0
224.7
214.4
212.2
208.5
207.5
AT
79.0
80.5
81.1
92.8
91.5
88.0
PL
459.5
446.4
389.0
386.6
399.3
398.9
PT
59.3
70.3
81.7
89.2
84.7
81.8
RO
243.0
180.8
135.5
149.4
153.8
152.3
SI
18.6
18.7
18.9
20.4
20.6
20.7
SK
73.3
52.6
48.4
49.4
48.9
47.0
FI
70.9
71.2
69.5
68.7
79.9
78.3
SE
71.9
73.6
68.2
67.2
66.9
65.4
UK
771.1
712.2
673.5
652.7
647.9
636.7
HR
31.4
22.9
26.0
30.4
30.8
32.4
MK
TR
170.1
220.7
280.0
312.4
332.7
372.6
IS
3.4
3.2
3.7
3.7
4.2
4.5
NO
49.7
49.7
53.4
53.7
53.5
55.1
CH
52.7
51.0
51.6
53.7
53.2
51.3
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change
and Forestry) emissions.
Emissions data is downloaded from European Environment Agency (EEA), which
is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data. EEA prepares
and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory, which
is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas
monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process.
GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO ), methane (CH ), nitrous oxide (N O), sulphur
2
4
2
hexafluoride (SF ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC).
6
182
183
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
2
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990 4 277 .4 4 123 .1 1 684 .3 1461 .7
116 .0
106 .7
820 .3
155 .5
17 .1
85 .5
29 .0
42 .8
490 .3
779 . 7 812 . 1 202 . 1 517 . 3
92 . 7
26 . 7 154 . 3 478 . 0
16 . 2 579 . 5 212 . 9
5 564 . 0 1990
1991 4 244 .1 4 096 .3 1 660 .6 1445 .9
113 .5
101 .1
776 .0
146 .6
15 .5
85 .7
31 .4
43 .9
453 .0
784 . 5 853 . 0 214 . 4 548 . 6
90 . 0
22 . 2 147 . 7 440 . 7
15 . 8 548 . 8 215 . 0
5 464 . 3 1991
1992 4 096 .7 3 955 .1 1 583 .2 1 377 .1
115 .3
90 .7
732 .8
140 .1
14 .3
84 .4
29 .7
43 .5
420 .8
808 . 1 812 . 0 200 . 5 524 . 2
87 . 2
19 . 1 141 . 6 425 . 0
15 . 1 525 . 8 213 . 5
5 276 . 0 1992
1993 4 043 .3 3 902 .8 1 521 .5 1 313 .3
118 .3
89 .9
725 .0
136 .7
13 .1
83 .1
29 .7
45 .7
416 .6
816 . 4 821 . 7 190 . 6 541 . 7
89 . 5
18 . 3 140 . 5 409 . 8
14 . 7 506 . 5 211 . 5
5 185 . 8 1993
1994 3 993 .3 3 861 .2 1 520 .1 1 307 .6
120 .8
91 .8
727 .9
146 .6
13 .9
83 .2
32 .1
46 .5
405 .7
822 . 6 772 . 9 176 . 5 507 . 1
89 . 3
17 . 7 132 . 1 437 . 8
13 . 8 504 . 5 209 . 6
5 158 . 9 1994
1995 4 031 .5 3 898 .1 1 518 .0 1 302 .3
126 .5
89 .2
744 .4
146 .7
14 .0
93 .2
33 .1
49 .4
408 .1
837 . 9 782 . 1 182 . 7 509 . 7
89 . 6
15 . 8 133 . 4 455 . 9
13 . 9 504 . 1 207 . 2
5 212 . 6 1995
1996 4 142 .3 4 011 .5 1 546 .1 1 331 .9
129 .4
84 .8
743 .2
142 .0
14 .2
88 .5
33 .0
50 .6
414 .8
862 . 6 845 . 1 201 . 4 552 . 7
91 . 0
14 . 5 130 . 8 452 . 5
13 . 9 506 . 0 203 . 3
5 318 . 0 1996
1997 4 037 .1 3 913 .4 1 494 .0 1 280 .4
132 .6
81 .0
737 .2
144 .0
14 .0
88 .8
34 .2
49 .4
406 .8
873 . 0 795 . 3 186 . 6 520 . 3
88 . 4
14 . 0 123 . 6 459 . 7
14 . 0 507 . 3 196 . 0
5 214 . 1 1997
1998 4 024 .3 3 907 .9 1 509 .2 1 300 .0
134 .1
75 .1
705 .8
136 .5
14 .2
85 .8
33 .9
49 .0
386 .6
901 . 0 778 . 3 183 . 3 509 . 6
85 . 4
13 . 6 116 . 5 432 . 4
14 . 1 505 . 0 183 . 9
5 159 . 9 1998
1999 3 963 .6 3 851 .6 1 467 .6 1 266 .6
128 .3
72 .8
689 .3
128 .9
14 .0
80 .8
31 .8
48 .4
385 .5
917 . 9 763 . 9 180 . 8 497 . 7
85 . 4
12 . 9 111 . 9 392 . 8
13 . 7 501 . 0 178 . 3
5 049 . 4 1999
2000 3 969 .6 3 860 .1 1 499 .0 1 296 .8
130 .7
71 .4
693 .1
131 .1
14 .2
81 .6
32 .7
46 .9
386 .6
917 . 8 738 . 2 174 . 1 481 . 9
82 . 2
12 . 0 109 . 6 405 . 1
13 . 5 493 . 2 172 . 2
5 053 . 6 2000
2001 4 053 .3 3 947 .9 1 532 .7 1 331 .5
131 .7
69 .4
685 .4
125 .0
14 .9
80 .1
30 .9
47 .8
386 .7
931 . 1 788 . 0 191 . 6 513 . 5
82 . 9
10 . 7 105 . 5 393 . 5
13 . 0 484 . 8 164 . 5
5 109 . 1 2001
2002 4 022 .5 3 919 .1 1 554 .1 1 351 .7
132 .8
69 .6
661 .8
117 .4
15 .0
76 .9
31 .1
46 .9
374 .6
943 . 8 748 . 8 179 . 1 488 . 0
81 . 8
10 . 5 103 . 5 390 . 4
12 . 8 479 . 4 160 . 5
5 065 . 7 2002
2003 4 108 .9 4 009 .1 1 596 .3 1 393 .8
132 .4
70 .0
676 .4
126 .5
14 .4
85 .3
34 .0
50 .6
365 .7
953 . 8 772 . 1 190 . 6 500 . 8
80 . 7
10 . 5
99 . 8 401 . 0
12 . 6 473 . 6 154 . 2
5 150 . 2 2003
2004 4 106 .4 4 011 .6 1 587 .4 1 380 .4
136 .3
70 .7
667 .3
126 .2
14 .1
84 .7
32 .6
48 .9
360 .8
972 . 7 773 . 0 195 . 2 497 . 7
80 . 0
11 . 2
94 . 8 412 . 5
12 . 6 472 . 8 148 . 9
5 153 . 3 2004
2005 4 066 .4 3 974 .1 1 583 .0 1 373 .7
138 .9
70 .4
654 .3
114 .9
13 .9
88 .3
32 .0
46 .8
358 .4
971 . 7 754 . 0 182 . 7 491 . 6
79 . 6
11 . 0
92 . 3 420 . 0
12 . 4 466 . 4 145 . 7
5 111 . 0 2005
2006 4 067 .7 3 977 .8 1 591 .3 1 388 .9
134 .7
67 .7
653 .5
122 .2
14 .7
82 .5
31 .4
44 .6
358 .0
977 . 6 745 . 4 185 . 4 481 . 6
78 . 4
10 . 1
89 . 9 417 . 7
12 . 5 463 . 5 143 . 8
5 105 . 2 2006
2007 3 999 .1 3 912 .4 1 610 .7 1 403 .9
135 .4
71 .3
643 .2
116 .7
14 .8
82 .9
31 .0
44 .3
353 .6
982 . 5 665 . 6 165 . 6 426 . 5
73 . 5
10 . 4
86 . 6 430 . 6
12 . 4 462 . 2 141 . 2
5 045 . 4 2007
Energy Industries • Industry (****) • Transport (**) •
Residential • Commercial/Institutional • Other (******) • Total
5.0 %
ENERGY INDUSTRIES
1.20
10.6 %
INDUSTRY ****
3.3 %
1.10
31.9 %
TRANSPORT **
1.00
8.5 %
YEAR
RESIDENTIAL
0.90
2007
COMMERCIAL/
INSITUTIONAL
0.80
19.5 %
21.3 %
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY,
0.70
FISHERIES *****
1990
OTHER ***
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions and
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
departing from the EU); (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
traffic departing from the EU); (***) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Other
and Industrial Processes; (******) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Agriculture/
(Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels, Solvent and Other
Forestry/Fisheries, Other (Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels,
Product Use, Waste, Other; (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Waste, Other.
and Industrial Processes; (*****) Emissions from Fuel Combustion and other
Emissions from Agriculture.
184
185
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 2
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990
76.9
96.4
40.8
86.8
6.9
6.3
19.9
19.0
2.1
10.4
3.5
5.2
59.8
18.9
19.7
24.9
63.7
11.4
0.6
3.6
8.6
0.3
10.4
3.8
100 1990
1991
77.7
96.5
40.5
87.1
6.8
6.1
18.9
18.9
2.0
11.0
4.0
5.7
58.4
19.2
20.8
25.1
64.3
10.5
0.5
3.5
8.1
0.3
10.0
3.9
100 1991
1992
77.6
96.5
40.0
87.0
7.3
5.7
18.5
19.1
2.0
11.5
4.0
5.9
57.4
20.4
20.5
24.7
64.6
10.7
0.5
3.5
8.1
0.3
10.0
4.0
100 1992
1993
78.0
96.5
39.0
86.3
7.8
5.9
18.6
18.9
1.8
11.5
4.1
6.3
57.5
20.9
21.1
23.2
65.9
10.9
0.5
3.5
7.9
0.3
9.8
4.1
100 1993
1994
77.4
96.7
39.4
86.0
7.9
6.0
18.9
20.1
1.9
11.4
4.4
6.4
55.7
21.3
20.0
22.8
65.6
11.5
0.5
3.3
8.5
0.3
9.8
4.1
100 1994
1995
77.3
96.7
38.9
85.8
8.3
5.9
19.1
19.7
1.9
12.5
4.4
6.6
54.8
21.5
20.1
23.4
65.2
11.5
0.4
3.3
8.7
0.3
9.7
4.0
100 1995
1996
77.9
96.8
38.5
86.1
8.4
5.5
18.5
19.1
1.9
11.9
4.4
6.8
55.8
21.5
21.1
23.8
65.4
10.8
0.4
3.2
8.5
0.3
9.5
3.8
100 1996
1997
77.4
96.9
38.2
85.7
8.9
5.4
18.8
19.5
1.9
12.0
4.6
6.7
55.2
22.3
20.3
23.5
65.4
11.1
0.4
3.1
8.8
0.3
9.7
3.8
100 1997
1998
78.0
97.1
38.6
86.1
8.9
5.0
18.1
19.3
2.0
12.2
4.8
6.9
54.8
23.1
19.9
23.6
65.5
11.0
0.3
2.9
8.4
0.3
9.8
3.6
100 1998
1999
78.5
97.2
38.1
86.3
8.7
5.0
17.9
18.7
2.0
11.7
4.6
7.0
55.9
23.8
19.8
23.7
65.1
11.2
0.3
2.8
7.8
0.3
9.9
3.5
100 1999
2000
78.6
97.2
38.8
86.5
8.7
4.8
18.0
18.9
2.1
11.8
4.7
6.8
55.8
23.8
19.1
23.6
65.3
11.1
0.3
2.8
8.0
0.3
9.8
3.4
100 2000
2001
79.3
97.4
38.8
86.9
8.6
4.5
17.4
18.2
2.2
11.7
4.5
7.0
56.4
23.6
20.0
24.3
65.2
10.5
0.3
2.6
7.7
0.3
9.5
3.2
100 2001
2002
79.4
97.4
39.7
87.0
8.5
4.5
16.9
17.7
2.3
11.6
4.7
7.1
56.6
24.1
19.1
23.9
65.2
10.9
0.3
2.6
7.7
0.3
9.5
3.2
100 2002
2003
79.8
97.6
39.8
87.3
8.3
4.4
16.9
18.7
2.1
12.6
5.0
7.5
54.1
23.8
19.3
24.7
64.9
10.5
0.3
2.4
7.8
0.2
9.2
3.0
100 2003
2004
79.7
97.7
39.6
87.0
8.6
4.5
16.6
18.9
2.1
12.7
4.9
7.3
54.1
24.2
19.3
25.3
64.4
10.4
0.3
2.3
8.0
0.2
9.2
2.9
100 2004
2005
79.6
97.7
39.8
86.8
8.8
4.4
16.5
17.6
2.1
13.5
4.9
7.2
54.8
24.5
19.0
24.2
65.2
10.6
0.3
2.3
8.2
0.2
9.1
2.9
100 2005
2006
79.7
97.8
40.0
87.3
8.5
4.3
16.4
18.7
2.2
12.6
4.8
6.8
54.8
24.6
18.7
24.9
64.6
10.5
0.3
2.2
8.2
0.2
9.1
2.8
100 2006
2007
79.3
97.8
41.2
87.2
8.4
4.4
16.4
18.1
2.3
12.9
4.8
6.9
55.0
25.1
17.0
24.9
64.1
11.0
0.3
2.2
8.5
0.2
9.2
2.8
100 2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the GHG emissions
traffic departing from the EU).
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the GHG emissions
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
186
187
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
2
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
EMISSIONS
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
L
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
O
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
T
EU-27 3 999.1 3 912.4 1 610.7 1 403.9 1 35.4
71.3 6 43.2
116.7
14.8
82.9
31.0
44.3
353.6
982.5 665.6 165.6 426.5
73.5
10.4
86.6 430.6
12.4 462.2 141.2
5 045.4 EU-27
EU-25 3 839.1 3 765.2 1 529.0 1 323.9 1 35.4
69.7 6 12.8
114.1
14.5
80.5
30.8
43.8
329.0
961.4 651.7 161.1 417.7
72.9
10.4
73.9 401.2
12.1 437.6 127.1
4 817.3 EU-25
BE 106.7 106.2
27.0
22.0
4.7
0.3
26.4
8.6
0.5
7.9
0.6
1.8
7.1
25.9
26.7
5.5
19.0
2.2
0.1
0.5
13.7
0.2
9.6
1.1
131.3
BE
BG
55.9
54.0
33.1
31.4
0.1
1.6
10.8
2.6
0.3
2.3
0.2
0.5
4.9
8.3
1.8
0.3
1.2
0.2
0.0
1.9
7.1
0.1
5.0
7.7
75.8
BG
CZ 123.3 118.1
61.6
59.3
1.0
1.4
25.1
3.7
0.2
4.3
0.6
1.1
15.1
19.2
11.0
3.2
7.6
0.2
1.1
5.3
15.6
0.5
7.8
3.5
150.8
CZ
DK
52.5
52.1
25.5
22.9
1.0
1.6
5.8
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.2
1.5
3.1
14.2
6.5
0.8
3.6
2.0
0.2
0.5
2.5
0.1
10.1
1.4
66.6
DK
DE 773.7 762.8 389.7 349.5
22.1
18.1
90.1
6.0
0.6
0.0
0.7
82.8
153.2
128.6
36.0
86.8
5.8
1.3
10.8
116.1
3.3
51.5
11.5
956.1
DE
EE
19.1
18.6
14.5
13.6
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.6
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.3
0.7
22.0
EE
IE
46.2
46.1
14.9
14.4
0.4
0.1
6.3
0.0
1.9
0.5
0.1
1.0
2.9
14.4
10.6
2.7
7.1
0.8
0.1
3.3
0.1
17.7
1.9
69.2
IE
EL 108.1 106.4
59.1
55.0
4.0
0.1
10.5
0.2
1.5
0.9
0.3
0.7
6.9
23.7
13.1
1.5
8.7
2.9
1.7
9.1
0.2
11.3
3.2
131.9
EL
ES 345.4 341.4 123.0 108.1
13.0
2.0
68.3
7.1
3.0
9.1
5.8
6.6
36.7
112.3
37.7
8.3
19.3
10.2
4.0
34.9
1.7
46.4
14.0
442.3
ES
FR 383.7 378.0
67.3
48.2
15.3
3.8
78.1
16.9
1.9
16.3
4.7
11.9
26.4
136.9
95.8
27.7
59.2
8.8
5.7
40.2
1.4
95.7
10.0
531.1
FR
IT 458.7 451.4 158.5 121.2
26.1
11.2
80.5
17.4
1.2
11.4
5.2
5.5
39.9
129.2
82.2
22.8
50.7
8.7
1.0
7.2
36.3
2.1
37.2
18.5
552.8
IT
CY
7.8
7.8
3.9
3.9
1.2
0.1
1.1
2.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.8
0.7
10.1
CY
LV
8.8
8.7
2.0
1.9
0.1
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.7
3.8
1.7
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
2.1
0.8
12.1
LV
LT
13.5
13.3
5.0
3.4
1.5
0.0
1.6
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.2
5.2
1.5
0.4
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.2
5.5
0.1
4.3
1.4
24.7
LT
LU
11.3
11.3
1.4
1.4
1.8
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
1.0
6.7
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.7
0.1
12.9
LU
HU
56.9
54.8
20.6
18.4
1.8
0.4
7.9
3.1
1.6
1.6
0.2
0.7
0.7
12.8
13.5
3.9
8.4
1.1
2.2
5.2
0.2
9.5
4.1
75.9
HU
MT
2.7
2.7
2.0
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
3.0
MT
NL 168.3 165.8
65.9
53.0
10.7
2.2
27.8
4.5
0.3
12.9
1.4
3.9
4.9
35.7
36.1
10.3
16.3
9.4
0.3
2.5
14.5
0.2
18.4
6.0
207.5
NL
AT
66.1
65.2
14.0
10.5
2.9
0.6
15.8
6.2
0.3
1.5
2.2
0.9
4.7
24.2
11.1
2.0
8.1
1.0
0.0
0.9
11.3
0.4
7.9
2.2
88.0
AT
PL 321.7 308.1 183.6 169.7
6.2
7.8
34.9
8.2
1.2
6.6
1.4
4.7
12.8
38.8
50.7
8.2
33.0
9.5
13.6
33.3
0.7
35.0
8.1
398.9
PL
PT
57.6
56.0
19.9
17.3
2.6
10.9
0.2
2.1
0.9
0.8
6.8
19.5
5.6
2.4
2.5
0.8
0.1
1.6
8.6
0.3
7.6
7.7
81.8
PT
RO 104.0
93.2
48.6
48.6
19.6
19.6
12.9
12.1
4.2
7.5
0.5
10.8
22.2
0.2
19.5
6.4
152.3
RO
SI
16.7
16.2
6.6
6.6
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
1.3
5.4
1.9
0.5
1.2
0.3
0.5
1.2
0.0
2.1
0.7
20.7
SI
SK
35.5
34.5
10.3
7.3
1.6
1.5
12.5
6.6
0.2
1.8
0.6
0.4
3.0
6.7
3.9
0.7
3.1
0.1
1.1
1.0
5.8
0.1
3.2
2.3
47.0
SK
FI
63.6
63.4
30.8
27.7
2.8
0.4
11.4
3.4
0.1
1.0
4.4
0.2
2.3
14.7
5.2
1.1
2.3
1.8
1.3
0.2
6.7
0.1
5.5
2.4
78.3
FI
SE
48.2
47.0
10.8
8.5
1.9
0.3
10.7
1.2
0.1
1.6
1.8
0.7
5.3
20.8
4.5
0.9
1.8
1.8
0.3
1.3
6.5
0.3
8.4
1.9
65.4
SE
UK 542.9 529.5 211.3 178.3
15.1
17.8
80.4
19.0
61.4
132.6
101.7
20.6
76.4
4.6
3.5
13.4
27.8
43.2
22.8
636.7
UK
HR
23.8
21.5
7.7
5.5
1.8
0.4
3.9
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.6
2.5
6.6
3.4
0.6
2.1
0.7
2.3
4.1
0.2
3.4
0.9
32.4
HR
MK
MK
TR 288.3 286.5 106.9 101.0
6.0
80.5
10.0
10.0
2.4
58.0
51.8
47.3
36.5
10.8
1.8
26.2
26.3
31.8
372.6
TR
IS
2.2
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.2
1.5
0.0
0.5
0.2
4.5
IS
NO
40.0
35.6
12.8
0.6
1.1
11.1
3.6
0.1
0.2
1.4
0.4
0.4
1.2
15.9
3.1
0.7
0.7
1.7
0.2
4.4
9.2
0.2
4.3
1.3
55.1
NO
CH
42.0
41.7
3.5
2.6
0.9
5.9
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.6
3.6
16.3
15.4
4.7
10.2
0.6
0.6
0.3
3.1
0.2
5.3
0.7
51.3
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
traffic departing from the EU).
188
189
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 3
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
GHG Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
EU-27 79.3 97.8 41.2 87.2
8.4
4.4 16.4 18.1
2.3 12.9
4.8
6.9 55.0
25.1 17.0 24.9 64.1 11.0
0.3
2.2
8.5
0.2
9.2
2.8
100 EU-27
EU-25 79.7 98.1 40.6 86.6
8.9
4.6 16.3 18.6
2.4 13.1
5.0
7.2 53.7
25.5 17.3 24.7 64.1 11.2
0.3
1.9
8.3
0.3
9.1
2.6
100 EU-25
BE 81.2 99.5 25.4 81.5 17.2
1.3 24.9 32.5
1.8 29.7
2.2
6.8 26.9
24.4 25.2 20.7 71.0
8.3
0.1
0.5 10.4
0.2
7.3
0.8
100
BE
BG 73.8 96.5 61.3 94.9
0.2
4.9 20.0 23.8
2.7 21.7
1.8
4.5 45.5
15.4
3.3 18.6 70.1 11.3
0.1
3.5
9.4
0.1
6.6 10.1
100
BG
CZ 81.8 95.7 52.2 96.2
1.6
2.2 21.3 14.9
0.8 17.3
2.4
4.4 60.1
16.3
9.3 28.6 69.2
2.1
0.9
4.3 10.3
0.3
5.2
2.4
100
CZ
DK 78.8 99.1 48.9 89.7
3.9
6.4 11.1
7.7
0.1
7.7
4.1 26.5 54.0
27.2 12.5 12.5 55.9 31.5
0.3
0.9
3.8
0.2 15.1
2.1
100
DK
DE 80.9 98.6 51.1 89.7
5.7
4.6 11.8
6.7
0.6
0.0
0.7 91.9
20.1 16.9 28.0 67.5
4.5
0.2
1.4 12.1
0.3
5.4
1.2
100
DE
EE 86.7 97.3 78.0 93.7
6.3
5.4
0.1
0.6
0.7
0.5
1.2 96.9
14.1
2.5 24.5 64.2 11.3
2.7
4.1
6.1
3.2
100
EE
IE 66.7 99.9 32.2 96.7
2.5
0.8 13.7
0.0 29.7
7.4
1.3 16.2 45.5
31.2 22.9 25.5 66.8
7.7
0.1
4.7
0.1 25.6
2.8
100
IE
EL 82.0 98.5 55.5 93.1
6.8
0.1
9.9
1.9 14.7
8.8
2.4
6.8 65.4
22.3 12.3 11.5 66.6 21.9
1.5
6.9
0.1
8.6
2.4
100
EL
ES 78.1 98.8 36.0 87.9 10.5
1.6 20.0 10.4
4.4 13.3
8.5
9.6 53.8
32.9 11.1 22.0 51.0 27.0
1.2
7.9
0.4 10.5
3.2
100
ES
FR 72.3 98.5 17.8 71.7 22.7
5.6 20.7 21.6
2.4 20.9
6.0 15.2 33.8
36.2 25.3 29.0 61.8
9.2
1.5
7.6
0.3 18.0
1.9
100
FR
IT 83.0 98.4 35.1 76.5 16.5
7.1 17.8 21.6
1.4 14.1
6.5
6.8 49.5
28.6 18.2 27.7 61.7 10.6
0.2
1.6
6.6
0.4
6.7
3.3
100
IT
CY 76.9 100.0 50.4 100.0
15.6
11.4 88.6
29.0
4.6 24.0 59.2 16.8
0.4
9.0
0.0
7.5
6.5
100
CY
LV 73.1 98.8 22.7 97.2
2.8 14.2 24.5
0.9
1.7
0.9 17.7 54.2
43.9 19.1 36.9 39.7 23.5
0.0
1.2
2.6
0.5 17.0
6.9
100
LV
LT 54.6 98.2 37.4 68.3 31.0
0.7 12.1
8.7
0.2 19.2 72.0
39.1 11.3 28.4 55.8 15.9
0.1
1.8 22.4
0.4 17.2
5.5
100
LT
LU 87.9 99.6 12.1 100.0
16.1 31.3
3.0
9.4
1.4 54.9
59.2 12.5 48.6 47.4
4.0
0.1
0.4
6.1
0.1
5.5
0.4
100
LU
HU 75.0 96.2 37.6 89.3
8.7
2.0 14.4 39.3 19.7 20.6
2.5
8.5
9.3
23.4 24.6 29.1 62.8
8.2
3.8
6.9
0.2 12.5
5.4
100
HU
MT 88.7 100.0 75.1 100.0
1.9 100.0
19.7
3.4 57.1 42.9
2.3
0.1
2.3
6.6
100
MT
NL 81.1 98.5 39.7 80.4 16.2
3.4 16.8 16.3
0.9 46.3
5.0 13.8 17.7
21.5 21.7 28.7 45.3 26.0
0.2
1.5
7.0
0.1
8.9
2.9
100
NL
AT 75.2 98.6 21.5 75.0 20.5
4.5 24.3 39.5
1.6
9.7 14.0
5.7 29.5
37.2 17.0 17.9 72.8
9.4
0.1
1.4 12.8
0.5
9.0
2.5
100
AT
PL 80.7 95.8 59.6 92.4
3.4
4.2 11.3 23.4
3.5 19.0
3.9 13.6 36.5
12.6 16.5 16.2 65.1 18.7
4.2
8.3
0.2
8.8
2.0
100
PL
PT 70.4 97.2 35.6 86.8 13.2
19.4
2.1
19.7
8.0
7.7 62.5
34.8 10.1 42.4 43.4 14.2
0.1
2.8 10.5
0.4
9.3
9.4
100
PT
RO 68.3 89.6 52.2 100.0
21.1
100.0
13.8 13.0 34.3 61.9
3.8
10.4 14.6
0.1 12.8
4.2
100
RO
SI 80.5 97.2 40.7 100.0
0.0
0.0 14.4
8.8
3.6
7.5 19.5
5.7 55.0
33.3 11.7 25.1 61.3 13.6
2.8
5.9
0.2 10.0
3.3
100
SI
SK 75.7 97.1 29.8 70.7 15.1 14.2 36.2 52.6
1.3 14.3
4.6
3.0 24.2
19.5 11.2 18.1 79.5
2.4
3.3
2.9 12.4
0.2
6.9
4.8
100
SK
FI 81.2 99.7 48.5 89.8
9.0
1.1 18.0 30.0
0.9
8.4 38.7
1.5 20.6
23.3
8.2 21.6 43.6 34.8
2.1
0.3
8.5
0.1
7.1
3.1
100
FI
SE 73.7 97.4 22.9 78.9 18.1
3.1 22.7 11.6
0.9 15.1 16.8
6.3 49.4
44.4
9.5 19.4 40.2 40.4
0.6
2.6 10.0
0.4 12.9
2.9
100
SE
UK 85.3 97.5 39.9 84.4
7.2
8.4 15.2 23.6
76.4
25.0 19.2 20.3 75.2
4.5
0.7
2.5
4.4
6.8
3.6
100
UK
HR 73.5 90.4 35.6 71.3
24.0
4.7 18.1
2.7
0.5 13.8
4.1 14.4 64.4
30.5 15.8 18.0 60.7 21.3
9.6 12.6
0.7 10.5
2.7
100
HR
MK
MK
TR 77.4 99.4 37.3 94.4
5.6
28.1 12.5 12.4
3.0
72.1
18.1 16.5
77.1 22.9
0.6
7.0
7.1
8.5
100
TR
IS 48.9 93.2
1.4 100.0
20.6
0.4
4.0
18.5 77.2
49.1 28.9
2.8
1.8 95.5
6.8 34.1
0.3 11.8
5.0
100
IS
NO 72.7 89.0 35.9
4.7
8.4 86.9 10.0
2.2
6.4 37.9 10.5 10.4 32.6
44.7
8.8 22.5 22.9 54.6
0.6 11.0 16.7
0.3
7.8
2.4
100
NO
CH 81.9 99.3
8.3 74.2 25.8
14.0
3.7
0.8 16.7
7.4 10.2 61.2
39.2 37.0 30.4 66.0
3.6
1.4
0.7
6.0
0.5 10.4
1.3
100
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
traffic departing from the EU).
190
191
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 4
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 5
GHG Emissions (*) from Transport
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27
MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
BY MODE MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
2
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
EU-27
955.9
1 031.6
1 164.8
1 265.0
1 287.1
1 297.6
EU-25
934.4
1 014.3
1 148.5
1 243.6
1 264.7
1 275.1
ers –
t
****
BE
37.7
39.2
46.5
56.5
58.5
61.8
tion
TION
TION
A
TIONA
BG
12.8
8.4
6.4
9.0
9.5
9.0
TION
via
***
ranspor
tion
VIGA
ANSPORT
YS
CZ
8.1
10.2
13.2
19.1
19.5
20.4
VIA
tional
A
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L TR
L EMISSIONS
A
erna
AD
ILW
TA
erna
TA
TA
DK
15.6
19.1
19.0
18.5
19.7
20.5
ANSPORT
viga
ANSPORT
A
THER
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TO
TO
*
DE
184.1
199.2
209.1
192.4
189.7
188.9
1990
83.5
17.3
66.2
715.3
14.7
130.9
20.9
110.0
11.6
955.9 5 740.2
EE
4.1
2.0
2.1
2.8
3.3
3.5
1991
81.9
16.3
65.6
723.2
12.9
129.0
21.2
107.8
11.0
957.9 5 637.6
IE
6.3
7.8
13.1
15.9
17.0
17.8
1992
87.5
16.5
71.0
748.9
12.2
129.8
20.7
109.1
9.8
988.2 5 456.2
1993
91.3
16.0
75.3
758.9
11.3
132.4
20.7
111.7
9.4 1 003.4 5 372.8
EL
25.4
30.9
33.6
33.7
35.7
36.8
1994
95.1
15.7
79.5
766.6
10.7
129.0
20.4
108.6
9.2 1 010.6 5 347.0
ES
72.6
83.4
114.6
140.5
145.1
149.9
1995
100.7
16.8
83.9
781.9
10.6
128.9
19.1
109.8
9.5 1 031.6 5 406.3
FR
135.4
146.5
160.7
164.0
164.0
163.6
1996
106.5
18.1
88.4
804.1
10.6
136.6
19.7
116.9
10.1 1 067.9 5 523.4
IT
111.9
124.0
135.3
144.0
146.6
147.5
1997
111.4
19.0
92.5
814.4
10.3
147.0
19.6
127.4
9.7 1 092.8 5 433.9
1998
119.5
19.9
99.6
840.9
10.1
153.7
20.4
133.3
9.7 1 133.9 5 392.8
CY
1.7
2.2
2.8
3.7
3.7
3.7
1999
128.5
21.2
107.3
857.3
9.6
147.2
20.3
126.9
9.4 1 152.0 5 283.5
LV
4.7
2.7
2.3
4.2
4.3
4.7
2000
136.0
21.9
114.0
858.0
9.8
151.5
18.5
133.0
9.5 1 164.8 5 300.6
LT
6.5
3.7
3.6
4.8
5.0
5.7
2001
133.7
21.0
112.6
873.2
9.1
157.2
18.7
138.5
9.1 1 182.2 5 360.2
LU
3.2
4.1
5.8
8.5
8.2
8.0
2002
130.7
20.1
110.6
886.5
9.1
163.7
18.3
145.4
9.8 1 199.7 5 321.6
2003
134.4
19.9
114.5
894.6
9.0
168.0
20.3
147.7
10.0 1 216.1 5 412.4
HU
9.0
7.7
9.6
12.9
13.4
13.6
2004
143.9
20.6
123.3
913.0
9.0
177.0
20.5
156.5
9.6 1 252.5 5 433.0
MT
0.3
0.4
0.5
2.7
3.0
3.3
2005
151.2
21.8
129.4
910.5
8.4
185.1
21.2
163.9
9.9 1 265.0 5 404.2
NL
65.5
72.9
85.5
100.4
103.4
98.4
2006
157.1
22.1
135.1
915.0
8.3
197.0
22.6
174.5
9.6 1 287.1 5 414.7
AT
14.9
17.3
20.8
27.3
26.0
26.4
2007
161.2
22.4
138.8
920.4
8.7
198.3
22.1
176.2
8.9 1 297.6 5 360.4
PL
27.3
30.8
35.2
38.5
40.8
40.9
Total Civil Aviation • Road Transportation • Railways (***) • Total Navigation • Other • Total Transport
PT
13.0
16.2
23.0
23.7
24.0
23.8
1.80
RO
8.7
8.9
9.9
12.4
12.9
13.5
1.60
SI
2.8
3.8
3.9
4.6
5.0
5.7
1.40
SK
5.2
4.5
4.4
6.5
6.1
6.9
FI
15.7
14.1
16.3
17.1
17.6
17.9
1.20
SE
22.2
23.9
26.1
29.7
30.0
30.6
1.00
UK
141.2
147.7
161.5
171.8
174.9
174.9
0.80
HR
4.5
3.7
4.8
6.0
6.4
6.9
0.60
MK
TR
26.3
33.3
35.5
41.3
44.4
51.8
0.40
IS
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
NO
19.6
21.1
26.1
28.7
31.1
31.8
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
CH
17.9
18.1
20.7
19.5
19.7
20.3
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers, excluding LULUCF
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities.
192
193
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 5
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 6
GHG Emissions from Transport – EU-27
GHG Emissions from Transport – 2007
BY MODE SHARES %
BY MODE MILLION TONNES CO EQUIVALENT
2
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
ers –
t
****
ers –
t
tion
TION
TION
TION
*****
tion
TION
A
TION
TION
A
A
A
TION
via
***
via
ranspor
TION
ranspor
tion
VIGA
tion
S
VIGA
VIA
tional
YS
Y
A
tion
tional Bunk
VIA
tional
A
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
A
W
erna
AD
A
A
A
ANSPORT
ILW
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
erna
AD
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
A
THER
*
AIL
THER
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
1990
8.7
20.7
79.3
74.8
1.5
13.7
16.0
84.0
1.2
16.7
100
EU-27 161.2
22.4 138.8 920.4
8.7 198.3
22.1 176.2
8.9 1 297.6 5 360.4
1991
8.5
19.9
80.1
75.5
1.3
13.5
16.4
83.6
1.1
17.0
100
EU-25 160.1
22.3 137.9 900.9
8.0 197.9
22.0 175.9
8.2 1 275.1 5 131.0
1992
8.9
18.9
81.1
75.8
1.2
13.1
15.9
84.1
1.0
18.1
100
BE
3.8
0.0
3.8
25.2
0.2
32.6
0.5
32.1
0.1
61.8
167.2
1993
9.1
17.6
82.4
75.6
1.1
13.2
15.6
84.4
0.9
18.7
100
BG
0.7
0.1
0.5
7.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.7
9.0
76.5
1994
9.4
16.5
83.5
75.9
1.1
12.8
15.8
84.2
0.9
18.9
100
CZ
1.2
0.0
1.1
18.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
20.4
152.0
1995
9.8
16.7
83.3
75.8
1.0
12.5
14.8
85.2
0.9
19.1
100
DK
2.8
0.1
2.7
13.3
0.2
4.1
0.5
3.6
20.5
73.0
1996
10.0
17.0
83.0
75.3
1.0
12.8
14.4
85.6
0.9
19.3
100
DE
28.0
2.4
25.7
145.3
1.3
10.6
0.5
10.0
3.7
188.9
991.8
1997
10.2
17.0
83.0
74.5
0.9
13.4
13.3
86.7
0.9
20.1
100
EE
0.2
0.0
0.1
2.3
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.5
22.9
1998
10.5
16.6
83.4
74.2
0.9
13.6
13.3
86.7
0.9
21.0
100
IE
3.2
0.1
3.0
14.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.1
17.8
72.6
1999
11.2
16.5
83.5
74.4
0.8
12.8
13.8
86.2
0.8
21.8
100
EL
4.3
1.4
3.0
20.1
0.1
12.2
2.1
10.1
0.0
36.8
144.9
2000
11.7
16.1
83.9
73.7
0.8
13.0
12.2
87.8
0.8
22.0
100
ES
18.2
7.7
10.5
100.9
0.3
30.4
3.3
27.1
0.2
149.9
479.9
2001
11.3
15.7
84.3
73.9
0.8
13.3
11.9
88.1
0.8
22.1
100
FR
21.9
4.6
17.3
128.1
0.6
12.4
3.0
9.4
0.6
163.6
557.8
2002
10.9
15.4
84.6
73.9
0.8
13.6
11.2
88.8
0.8
22.5
100
IT
13.0
2.5
10.5
120.6
0.4
12.9
5.0
7.8
0.8
147.5
571.1
2003
11.1
14.8
85.2
73.6
0.7
13.8
12.1
87.9
0.8
22.5
100
CY
0.9
0.9
2.3
0.6
0.6
3.7
11.6
2004
11.5
14.3
85.7
72.9
0.7
14.1
11.6
88.4
0.8
23.1
100
LV
0.3
0.0
0.2
3.5
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.6
4.7
12.9
2005
12.0
14.4
85.6
72.0
0.7
14.6
11.5
88.5
0.8
23.4
100
LT
0.2
0.0
0.2
4.9
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.3
5.7
25.3
2006
12.2
14.0
86.0
71.1
0.6
15.3
11.5
88.5
0.7
23.8
100
LU
1.3
0.0
1.3
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
14.3
2007
12.4
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.7
15.3
11.1
88.9
0.7
24.2
100
HU
0.8
0.8
12.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
13.6
76.7
0.7 %
MT
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.7
0.0
2.7
3.3
5.8
NL
11.2
0.0
11.1
34.9
0.1
52.1
0.6
51.5
98.4
270.2
AT
2.3
0.1
2.2
23.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
26.4
90.2
15.3 %
12.4 %
TOTAL CIVIL AVIATION
0.7 %
PL
1.4
0.1
1.3
37.5
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.7
40.9
401.0
PT
2.9
0.4
2.5
18.8
0.1
2.0
0.2
1.8
23.8
86.1
ROAD TRANSPORTATION
RO
0.5
0.1
0.4
12.1
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
13.5
152.9
SI
0.1
0.0
0.1
5.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
5.7
21.0
YEAR
RAILWAYS ***
SK
0.1
0.0
0.1
6.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.9
47.1
2007
FI
2.0
0.3
1.7
13.0
0.1
2.1
0.6
1.5
0.7
17.9
81.5
TOTAL NAVIGATION
SE
2.8
0.6
2.2
19.5
0.1
8.0
0.5
7.5
0.2
30.6
75.2
UK
37.3
2.0
35.3
122.6
2.5
11.9
5.0
7.0
0.5
174.9
679.0
70.9 %
OTHER
HR
0.3
0.1
0.2
6.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
6.9
32.7
MK
TR
6.1
6.1
43.6
0.4
1.6
1.6
51.8 372.6
IS
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.7
5.3
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
NO
14.8
0.9
13.8
10.3
0.0
4.7
2.7
2.0
2.0
31.8
70.9
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
CH
4.1
0.1
4.0
15.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
20.3
55.2
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities; (*****) Total Transport's share in
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
Total Emissions.
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
194
195
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 6
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 7
GHG Emissions from Transport – 2007
GHG Emissions (*) Intensity
BY MODE SHARES %
(tCO EQUIVALENT/toe)
2
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
3.45
3.25
3.07
2.96
2.97
2.97
EU-25
3.42
3.22
3.05
2.93
2.94
2.94
ers –
t
tion
TION
BE
3.30
3.02
2.71
2.81
2.80
2.91
TION
***
A
TION A
TION
via
ranspor
BG
4.27
3.86
3.74
3.60
3.54
3.76
tion
S
VIGA
VIA
tional
YA
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
CZ
3.99
3.70
3.65
3.25
3.24
3.29
A
W
erna
AD
A
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
AIL
THER
*
DK
4.13
4.11
3.82
3.50
3.69
3.56
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
EU-27
12.4
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.7
15.3
11.1
88.9
0.7
24.2
100
DE
3.45
3.25
3.02
2.88
2.90
2.92
EU-25
12.6
13.9
86.1
70.7
0.6
15.5
11.1
88.9
0.6
24.9
100
EE
4.20
3.85
3.75
3.63
3.68
3.78
BE
6.2
0.2
99.8
40.7
0.2
52.7
1.5
98.5
0.2
37.0
100
IE
5.52
5.59
4.96
4.83
4.70
4.57
BG
7.4
20.2
79.8
82.2
0.9
1.9
100.0
7.7
11.7
100
EL
5.20
5.13
5.00
4.57
4.47
4.33
CZ
5.8
2.9
97.1
92.3
1.5
0.1 100.0
0.4
13.4
100
DK
13.8
3.8
96.2
65.1
1.1
20.0
11.3
88.7
28.1
100
ES
3.38
3.26
3.34
3.29
3.26
3.27
DE
14.8
8.4
91.6
77.0
0.7
5.6
5.1
94.9
1.9
19.0
100
FR
2.55
2.38
2.24
2.09
2.07
2.06
EE
4.3
0.8
99.2
65.0
3.2
23.5
6.5
93.5
4.1
15.5
100
IT
3.42
3.34
3.25
3.15
3.12
3.11
IE
17.8
3.9
96.1
78.6
0.8
2.0
1.3
98.7
0.7
24.5
100
CY
4.22
4.00
4.53
4.62
4.42
4.26
EL
11.7
31.6
68.4
54.6
0.4
33.3
17.4
82.6
0.0
25.4
100
ES
12.1
42.1
57.9
67.3
0.2
20.3
10.8
89.2
0.1
31.2
100
LV
3.59
2.84
2.73
2.73
2.71
2.71
FR
13.4
21.0
79.0
78.3
0.4
7.6
24.4
75.6
0.3
29.3
100
LT
3.10
2.58
2.77
2.69
2.78
2.76
IT
8.8
18.9
81.1
81.7
0.2
8.7
39.1
60.9
0.5
25.8
100
LU
3.80
3.28
3.01
3.12
3.09
3.06
CY
23.7
100.0
60.3
16.0
100.0
32.3
100
HU
3.48
3.10
3.14
2.89
2.86
2.84
LV
5.4
0.8
99.2
76.0
5.8
12.8
1.0
99.0
36.1
100
LT
3.7
2.1
97.9
86.1
4.1
6.1
5.2
94.8
22.6
100
MT
3.50
3.12
3.20
5.40
6.03
6.11
LU
16.7
0.0
100.0
83.3
0.0
0.0
79.0
21.0
56.3
100
NL
3.69
3.59
3.47
3.36
3.43
3.20
HU
5.5
100.0
93.0
1.4
0.0
100.0
17.7
100
AT
3.16
3.02
2.84
2.76
2.69
2.67
MT
1.5
1.0
99.0
15.6
82.9
0.7
99.3
56.6
100
PL
4.61
4.48
4.31
4.15
4.09
4.09
NL
11.4
0.4
99.6
35.5
0.1
53.0
1.2
98.8
36.4
100
AT
8.6
3.3
96.7
88.8
0.6
0.3
100.0
1.7
29.3
100
PT
3.55
3.57
3.40
3.44
3.50
3.32
PL
3.4
5.9
94.1
91.7
1.3
2.0
1.4
98.6
1.6
10.2
100
RO
3.83
3.85
3.66
3.82
3.79
3.82
PT
12.3
13.5
86.5
79.1
0.3
8.3
10.7
89.3
27.6
100
SI
3.38
3.07
2.95
2.80
2.83
2.86
RO
3.5
11.4
88.6
89.7
4.2
2.3
29.2
70.8
0.3
8.8
100
SK
3.50
2.97
2.76
2.60
2.61
2.61
SI
1.8
1.7
98.3
94.4
0.7
3.1
100.0
27.0
100
SK
1.9
10.5
89.5
95.7
1.8
0.5
100.0
0.0
14.6
100
FI
2.54
2.52
2.23
2.07
2.20
2.17
FI
11.1
15.6
84.4
72.5
0.6
11.7
28.3
71.7
4.1
22.0
100
SE
1.60
1.56
1.57
1.47
1.51
1.49
SE
9.3
21.7
78.3
63.8
0.2
26.1
5.7
94.3
0.5
40.7
100
UK
3.76
3.38
3.06
2.98
3.01
3.07
UK
21.3
5.4
94.6
70.1
1.4
6.8
41.6
58.4
0.3
25.8
100
HR
7.09
3.26
3.34
3.44
3.47
3.50
HR
4.7
23.8
76.2
91.2
1.5
2.7
58.7
41.3
21.1
100
MK
MK
TR
11.8 100.0
84.3
0.8
3.1 100.0
13.9
100
TR
3.25
3.55
3.61
3.66
3.51
3.67
IS
30.9
4.1
95.9
53.6
15.5
22.5
77.5
33.1
100
IS
1.72
1.53
1.35
1.17
1.12
NO
46.4
6.2
93.8
32.5
0.2
14.8
56.5
43.5
6.2
44.8
100
NO
2.68
2.46
2.53
2.11
2.78
2.56
CH
20.2
3.4
96.6
78.5
0.2
0.6
100.0
0.6
36.8
100
CH
2.26
2.22
2.18
2.13
2.02
2.05
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF;
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers and LULUCF
(***) Total Transport's share in Total Emissions.
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
196
197
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9 ;
Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S
4 . 1 . 8
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
4 . 2
GHG Emissions (*) per Capita
4 . 2 . 1
kg CO EQUIVALENT
2
Total CO Emissions (*)
2
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
MILLION TONNES
EU-27
11 678
11 294
10 974
10 986
10 963
10 806
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-25
12 202
11 472
11 261
11 203
11 165
10 991
EU-27
4 399.5
4 150.2
4 105.8
4 231.5
4 243.1
4 186.7
BE
16 089
16 376
16 268
16 400
16 037
15 739
EU-25
4 141.1
3 954.3
3 960.0
4 071.6
4 076.8
4 016.9
BG
13 701
10 707
8 553
9 309
9 451
9 935
BE
118.6
123.3
123.7
123.4
119.1
114.5
CZ
18 852
14 876
14 391
14 396
14 632
14 721
BG
86.3
66.4
50.5
54.0
55.1
58.9
DK
14 390
15 927
13 960
12 690
14 191
13 370
CZ
164.3
131.4
127.1
126.4
128.6
129.9
DK
52.8
60.6
52.9
50.2
58.1
53.2
DE
15 558
13 545
12 591
12 133
12 300
12 056
DE
1 035.6
922.7
883.7
851.7
867.0
841.2
EE
26 851
14 634
13 680
14 961
14 834
17 095
EE
37.3
18.2
15.6
16.8
16.3
19.1
IE
16 120
16 861
18 746
17 613
17 153
16 661
IE
32.4
35.3
44.7
47.6
47.2
47.5
EL
11 435
11 678
12 927
12 915
12 636
12 947
EL
83.2
86.8
103.4
111.0
109.6
113.6
ES
7 775
8 521
10 268
10 971
10 655
10 695
ES
228.4
255.3
307.7
368.0
358.4
366.4
FR
9 958
9 659
9 557
9 207
8 980
8 774
FR
395.8
393.2
406.4
416.7
407.0
397.1
IT
9 255
9 491
9 867
10 065
9 847
9 619
IT
434.7
445.4
462.7
490.1
485.8
475.3
CY
4.2
5.4
7.7
8.0
8.2
8.3
CY
11 053
12 146
15 593
15 055
14 912
14 818
LV
19.2
9.1
7.1
7.8
8.3
8.6
LV
10 686
5 288
4 308
5 329
5 476
5 678
LT
36.1
15.1
12.0
14.4
14.6
15.9
LT
13 468
6 168
5 590
6 776
6 906
7 488
LU
12.1
9.4
8.9
12.3
12.2
11.8
LU
35 411
26 783
24 994
31 645
30 792
29 695
HU
72.5
61.5
58.5
61.1
59.8
57.8
HU
9 611
7 783
7 705
8 038
7 898
7 627
MT
1.8
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
MT
5 653
6 665
6 627
12 611
13 330
14 114
NL
159.3
170.7
169.6
175.8
172.5
172.7
NL
16 793
17 320
16 770
17 001
16 884
16 496
AT
62.1
64.0
66.0
79.0
77.6
74.2
PL
368.7
366.2
320.6
318.2
329.6
328.3
AT
10 411
10 298
10 334
11 516
11 300
10 842
PT
43.6
53.2
63.8
69.7
65.2
62.8
PL
12 208
11 708
10 221
10 183
10 529
10 520
RO
172.1
129.6
95.3
105.9
111.1
110.9
PT
6 224
7 285
8 347
8 819
8 387
8 117
SI
14.7
15.0
15.2
16.7
16.9
17.0
RO
10 520
7 995
6 060
6 928
7 151
7 097
SK
62.0
44.0
40.3
40.7
40.0
38.1
SI
9 334
9 440
9 542
10 217
10 334
10 401
FI
56.6
57.9
56.7
56.3
67.7
66.1
SK
13 848
9 827
8 975
9 182
9 103
8 729
SE
56.3
58.0
53.4
52.9
52.7
51.6
UK
588.8
550.5
550.0
554.0
551.8
543.2
FI
14 791
14 333
14 051
13 665
15 804
15 417
HR
23.1
16.9
20.0
23.4
23.5
24.9
SE
8 827
8 905
8 449
8 406
8 386
8 217
MK
UK
13 867
12 741
12 056
11 526
11 401
11 170
TR
139.6
171.9
223.8
256.4
273.7
304.5
HR
6 657
5 055
5 898
6 918
6 993
7 368
IS
2.2
2.3
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.4
MK
NO
34.8
37.8
41.6
42.9
43.3
45.0
TR
3 028
3 574
4 152
4 335
4 559
5 279
CH
44.5
43.3
43.9
46.0
45.6
43.6
IS
14 606
13 298
15 514
14 262
16 060
16 970
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change
and Forestry) emissions;
NO
13 670
13 413
14 720
14 704
14 923
15 072
Emissions data is downloaded from European Environment Agency (EEA), which
CH
8 211
7 798
7 866
7 713
7 625
7 355
is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data. EEA prepares
and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory, which
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers, excluding LULUCF
is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process.
198
199
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009;
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
Eurostat, May 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
4 . 2 . 2
2
4 . 2 . 2
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
2
2
MILLION TONNES
MILLION TONNES
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990 4 082 .9 4 063 .2 1 671 .6 1 451 .3
115 .1
105 .2
810 .5
154 .1
16 .9
85 .0
28 .5
42 .4
483 .6
767 . 5 787 . 9 199 . 4 499 . 2
89 . 3
25 . 7
19 . 8 300 . 0
11 . 4
5 . 2
4 399 . 5 1990
1991 4 055 .9 4 036 .1 1 647 .6 1 435 .3
112 .6
99 .7
766 .7
145 .3
15 .3
85 .1
30 .8
43 .5
446 .7
772 . 2 828 . 3 212 . 1 529 . 5
86 . 7
21 . 3
19 . 8 270 . 1
11 . 1
5 . 5
4 342 . 6 1991
1992 3 916 .3 3 896 .4 1 570 .6 1 366 .7
114 .5
89 .4
723 .8
138 .9
14 .2
83 .8
29 .1
43 .1
414 .7
795 . 3 788 . 5 198 . 6 505 . 9
83 . 9
18 . 3
19 . 9 258 . 4
10 . 5
5 . 6
4 190 . 7 1992
1993 3 864 .1 3 843 .5 1 509 .3 1 303 .4
117 .4
88 .6
716 .2
135 .5
12 .9
82 .6
29 .2
45 .3
410 .8
803 . 0 797 . 4 188 . 8 522 . 7
86 . 0
17 . 5
20 . 6 246 . 9
10 . 1
5 . 4
4 126 . 4 1993
1994 3 824 .1 3 802 .8 1 507 .8 1 297 .5
119 .9
90 .4
719 .1
145 .3
13 .7
82 .6
31 .5
46 .0
399 .9
808 . 3 750 . 7 175 . 0 490 . 0
85 . 7
17 . 0
21 . 3 264 . 4
9 . 4
5 . 2
4 103 . 1 1994
1995 3 859 .7 3 837 .8 1 505 .6 1 292 .1
125 .6
87 .9
735 .4
145 .4
13 .9
92 .5
32 .5
48 .9
402 .3
822 . 3 759 . 3 181 . 0 492 . 3
86 . 0
15 . 2
21 . 9 276 . 1
9 . 4
4 . 9
4 150 . 2 1995
1996 3 972 .0 3 949 .8 1 533 .2 1 321 .2
128 .5
83 .5
734 .4
140 .8
14 .0
87 .9
32 .4
50 .2
409 .1
846 . 9 821 . 4 199 . 6 534 . 5
87 . 2
13 . 9
22 . 2 264 . 8
9 . 4
4 . 8
4 251 . 0 1996
1997 3 874 .6 3 853 .5 1 481 .6 1 270 .2
131 .6
79 .8
728 .3
142 .8
13 .9
88 .2
33 .5
48 .9
401 .0
856 . 9 773 . 3 184 . 8 503 . 9
84 . 6
13 . 4
21 . 1 274 . 2
9 . 6
4 . 2
4 162 . 6 1997
1998 3 868 .6 3 848 .4 1 496 .5 1 289 .5
133 .1
73 .9
697 .2
135 .3
14 .0
85 .2
33 .2
48 .5
381 .0
884 . 2 757 . 4 181 . 7 493 . 9
81 . 8
13 . 0
20 . 2 269 . 5
9 . 7
4 . 1
4 151 . 9 1998
1999 3 811 .4 3 792 .7 1 455 .4 1 256 .5
127 .3
71 .6
680 .9
127 .8
13 .8
80 .3
31 .1
47 .9
380 .0
900 . 8 743 . 2 179 . 2 482 . 1
81 . 8
12 . 3
18 . 7 259 . 6
9 . 4
3 . 8
4 084 . 3 1999
2000 3 820 .9 3 802 .2 1 486 .6 1 286 .5
129 .7
70 .3
684 .6
130 .0
14 .0
81 .1
32 .0
46 .4
381 .0
900 . 9 718 . 8 172 . 5 467 . 5
78 . 8
11 . 5
18 . 7 271 . 7
9 . 3
3 . 8
4 105 . 8 2000
2001 3 908 .3 3 889 .5 1 519 .8 1 320 .8
130 .8
68 .3
676 .9
123 .9
14 .8
79 .6
30 .2
47 .4
381 .1
914 . 2 768 . 4 189 . 9 499 . 1
79 . 4
10 . 2
18 . 8 263 . 3
9 . 0
3 . 8
4 184 . 4 2001
2002 3 880 .8 3 861 .9 1 541 .2 1 340 .9
131 .8
68 .5
653 .4
116 .4
14 .8
76 .3
30 .4
46 .4
369 .0
926 . 9 730 . 3 177 . 5 474 . 6
78 . 3
10 . 1
18 . 9 264 . 7
8 . 9
3 . 7
4 158 . 1 2002
2003 3 970 .1 3 951 .2 1 583 .1 1 382 .7
131 .4
69 .0
667 .9
125 .5
14 .2
84 .7
33 .3
50 .1
360 .2
937 . 0 753 . 2 188 . 9 487 . 1
77 . 2
10 . 0
19 . 0 269 . 8
8 . 7
3 . 7
4 252 . 3 2003
2004 3972 .2 3 953 .4 1 574 .2 1 369 .3
135 .4
69 .6
658 .7
125 .1
13 .9
84 .2
31 .9
48 .5
355 .2
955 . 9 753 . 9 193 . 5 483 . 9
76 . 6
10 . 6
18 . 7 280 . 0
8 . 8
3 . 5
4 264 . 4 2004
2005 3 935 .2 3 916 .3 1 569 .9 1 362 .5
138 .0
69 .3
645 .7
113 .8
13 .7
87 .7
31 .3
46 .4
352 .8
955 . 3 734 . 9 181 . 0 477 . 8
76 . 1
10 . 5
18 . 8 283 . 7
8 . 8
3 . 8
4 231 . 5 2005
2006 3 938 .4 3 919 .5 1 578 .1 1 377 .5
133 .9
66 .8
644 .8
121 .2
14 .5
82 .0
30 .7
44 .1
352 .3
961 . 1 725 . 9 183 . 7 467 . 5
74 . 8
9 . 6
19 . 0 291 . 9
8 . 6
4 . 2
4 243 . 1 2006
2007 3 873 .6 3 854 .7 1 597 .4 1 392 .5
134 .6
70 .4
634 .5
115 .6
14 .6
82 .3
30 .3
43 .8
347 .8
966 . 0 646 . 8 164 . 0 413 . 1
69 . 8
9 . 9
18 . 8 300 . 9
8 . 6
3 . 6
4186 . 7 2007
Energy Industries • Industry (****) • Transport (**) •
1.7 % 1.0 %
Residential • Commercial/Institutional • Other (*****) • Total
3.9 %
ENERGY INDUSTRIES
1.20
9.9 %
INDUSTRY ****
1.10
38.2 %
TRANSPORT **
1.00
YEAR
RESIDENTIAL
23.1 %
0.90
2007
COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL
0.80
AGRICULTURE,
22.3 %
0.70
FORESTRY, FISHERIES
1990
OTHER ***
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions and
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
departing from the EU); (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
traffic departing from the EU); (***) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Other
and Industrial Processes; (*****) Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Agriculture/
(Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels, Solvent and Other
Forestry/Fisheries, Other (Not elsewhere specified), Fugitive Emissions from Fuels,
Product Use, Waste, Other; (****) Emssions from Manufacturing and Construction
Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Waste, Other.
and Industrial Processes.
200
201
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
4 . 2 . 2
2
4 . 2 . 2
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – EU-27
2
2
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
1990
92.8
99.5
41.1
86.8
6.9
6.3
19.9
19.0
2.1
10.5
3.5
5.2
59.7
18.9
19.4
25.3
63.4
11.3
0.6
0.5
6.8
0.3
0.1
100 1990
1991
93.4
99.5
40.8
87.1
6.8
6.1
19.0
18.9
2.0
11.1
4.0
5.7
58.3
19.1
20.5
25.6
63.9
10.5
0.5
0.5
6.2
0.3
0.1
100 1991
1992
93.5
99.5
40.3
87.0
7.3
5.7
18.6
19.2
2.0
11.6
4.0
6.0
57.3
20.4
20.2
25.2
64.2
10.6
0.5
0.5
6.2
0.2
0.1
100 1992
1993
93.6
99.5
39.3
86.4
7.8
5.9
18.6
18.9
1.8
11.5
4.1
6.3
57.3
20.9
20.7
23.7
65.5
10.8
0.5
0.5
6.0
0.2
0.1
100 1993
1994
93.2
99.4
39.7
86.1
7.9
6.0
18.9
20.2
1.9
11.5
4.4
6.4
55.6
21.3
19.7
23.3
65.3
11.4
0.4
0.6
6.4
0.2
0.1
100 1994
1995
93.0
99.4
39.2
85.8
8.3
5.8
19.2
19.8
1.9
12.6
4.4
6.7
54.7
21.4
19.8
23.8
64.8
11.3
0.4
0.6
6.7
0.2
0.1
100 1995
1996
93.4
99.4
38.8
86.2
8.4
5.4
18.6
19.2
1.9
12.0
4.4
6.8
55.7
21.4
20.8
24.3
65.1
10.6
0.4
0.6
6.2
0.2
0.1
100 1996
1997
93.1
99.5
38.4
85.7
8.9
5.4
18.9
19.6
1.9
12.1
4.6
6.7
55.1
22.2
20.1
23.9
65.2
10.9
0.3
0.5
6.6
0.2
0.1
100 1997
1998
93.2
99.5
38.9
86.2
8.9
4.9
18.1
19.4
2.0
12.2
4.8
7.0
54.6
23.0
19.7
24.0
65.2
10.8
0.3
0.5
6.5
0.2
0.1
100 1998
1999
93.3
99.5
38.4
86.3
8.7
4.9
18.0
18.8
2.0
11.8
4.6
7.0
55.8
23.8
19.6
24.1
64.9
11.0
0.3
0.5
6.4
0.2
0.1
100 1999
2000
93.1
99.5
39.1
86.5
8.7
4.7
18.0
19.0
2.1
11.8
4.7
6.8
55.7
23.7
18.9
24.0
65.0
11.0
0.3
0.5
6.6
0.2
0.1
100 2000
2001
93.4
99.5
39.1
86.9
8.6
4.5
17.4
18.3
2.2
11.8
4.5
7.0
56.3
23.5
19.8
24.7
65.0
10.3
0.3
0.5
6.3
0.2
0.1
100 2001
2002
93.3
99.5
39.9
87.0
8.6
4.4
16.9
17.8
2.3
11.7
4.7
7.1
56.5
24.0
18.9
24.3
65.0
10.7
0.3
0.5
6.4
0.2
0.1
100 2002
2003
93.4
99.5
40.1
87.3
8.3
4.4
16.9
18.8
2.1
12.7
5.0
7.5
53.9
23.7
19.1
25.1
64.7
10.3
0.3
0.5
6.3
0.2
0.1
100 2003
2004
93.1
99.5
39.8
87.0
8.6
4.4
16.7
19.0
2.1
12.8
4.8
7.4
53.9
24.2
19.1
25.7
64.2
10.2
0.3
0.5
6.6
0.2
0.1
100 2004
2005
93.0
99.5
40.1
86.8
8.8
4.4
16.5
17.6
2.1
13.6
4.8
7.2
54.6
24.4
18.8
24.6
65.0
10.4
0.3
0.5
6.7
0.2
0.1
100 2005
2006
92.8
99.5
40.3
87.3
8.5
4.2
16.4
18.8
2.2
12.7
4.8
6.8
54.6
24.5
18.5
25.3
64.4
10.3
0.2
0.5
6.9
0.2
0.1
100 2006
2007
92.5
99.5
41.4
87.2
8.4
4.4
16.5
18.2
2.3
13.0
4.8
6.9
54.8
25.1
16.8
25.3
63.9
10.8
0.3
0.5
7.2
0.2
0.1
100 2007
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the CO emissions
traffic departing from the EU).
2
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the CO emissions
2
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
from fuel combustion by manufacturing and construction, transport and other
sectors (Commercial/Institutional, Residential and Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries).
202
203
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 3
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 3
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
2
2
MILLION TONNES
MILLION TONNES
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
EU-27 3 873.6 3 854.7 1 597.4 1 392.5 134.6
70.4 634.5 115.6
14.6
82.3
30.3
43.8 347.8
966.0 646.8 164.0 413.1
69.8
9.9
18.8 300.9
8.6
3.6
4 186.7 EU-27
EU-25 3 728.3 3 709.4 1 516.2 1 313.0 134.5
68.7 604.2 113.0
14.3
80.0
30.1
43.4 323.4
945.1 634.0 159.5 405.3
69.2
9.9
18.8 276.6
8.4
3.6
4 016.9 EU-25
BE
104.8
104.7
26.8
21.9
4.6
0.3
26.3
8.6
0.5
7.9
0.6
1.8
7.0
25.1
26.4
5.5
18.8
2.1
0.1
0.1
9.7
0.1
114.5
BE
BG
53.4
53.4
32.8
31.1
0.1
1.6
10.8
2.6
0.3
2.3
0.2
0.5
4.9
8.2
1.6
0.3
1.1
0.2
5.5
0.0
58.9
BG
CZ
116.3
116.3
61.3
59.0
1.0
1.4
24.9
3.7
0.2
4.3
0.6
1.1
15.0
18.5
10.5
3.1
7.1
0.2
1.1
0.0
12.9
0.3
0.4
129.9
CZ
DK
51.5
51.1
25.1
22.5
1.0
1.6
5.7
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.2
1.5
3.1
14.0
6.1
0.8
3.4
2.0
0.2
0.4
1.6
0.1
53.2
DK
DE
755.3
755.3
385.5
345.7
22.0
17.9
89.1
5.9
0.5
0.0
0.7
82.0
151.9
127.5
35.9
85.9
5.7
1.3
0.0
83.7
2.1
841.2
DE
EE
18.3
18.3
14.5
13.5
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.8
19.1
EE
IE
44.8
44.8
14.4
13.9
0.4
0.1
6.1
0.0
1.8
0.5
0.1
1.0
2.8
14.1
10.2
2.6
6.8
0.8
2.6
0.1
47.5
IE
EL
105.5
105.4
58.8
54.8
4.0
0.1
10.5
0.2
1.5
0.9
0.3
0.7
6.9
23.4
12.7
1.5
8.6
2.6
0.1
7.9
0.2
0.0
113.6
EL
ES
338.1
335.6
122.1
107.4
12.8
1.9
67.5
7.1
3.0
9.0
5.7
6.5
36.3
109.1
36.7
8.2
18.4
10.1
2.6
27.0
1.2
0.0
366.4
ES
FR
375.9
372.2
66.4
47.5
15.2
3.7
77.1
16.7
1.9
16.1
4.6
11.7
26.1
136.0
92.6
27.4
56.5
8.8
3.7
18.4
1.3
1.5
397.1
FR
IT
446.7
444.6
157.8
120.8
25.9
11.2
78.9
17.2
1.1
11.3
5.2
5.5
38.5
127.2
79.7
22.4
49.5
7.8
0.9
2.2
26.9
1.4
0.3
475.3
IT
CY
7.4
7.4
3.8
3.8
1.1
0.1
0.9
2.2
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.0
8.3
CY
LV
8.3
8.3
2.0
1.9
0.1
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.7
3.7
1.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
8.6
LV
LT
12.9
12.9
4.9
3.3
1.5
0.0
1.6
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.1
5.1
1.3
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.1
0.0
15.9
LT
LU
11.1
11.1
1.4
1.4
1.8
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
1.0
6.6
1.4
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
11.8
LU
HU
53.8
53.7
20.4
18.2
1.8
0.4
7.7
3.0
1.5
1.6
0.2
0.6
0.7
12.4
13.2
3.9
8.3
1.1
0.1
3.5
0.1
0.4
57.8
HU
MT
2.7
2.7
2.0
2.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
MT
NL
165.4
163.8
65.5
52.7
10.6
2.2
27.7
4.5
0.3
12.8
1.4
3.8
4.9
35.2
35.0
10.2
16.0
8.7
0.3
1.6
7.2
0.1
172.7
NL
AT
64.4
64.1
13.9
10.4
2.9
0.6
15.7
6.2
0.3
1.5
2.2
0.9
4.6
23.9
10.6
2.0
7.7
0.9
0.0
0.2
9.5
0.2
0.0
74.2
AT
PL
302.9
302.7
182.7
168.8
6.1
7.7
34.6
8.2
1.2
6.6
1.3
4.7
12.6
37.5
47.9
8.1
30.8
8.9
0.2
24.4
0.6
0.3
328.3
PL
PT
55.5
54.6
19.8
17.2
2.6
10.7
0.2
2.1
0.8
0.8
6.7
18.8
5.2
2.4
2.1
0.7
0.1
0.9
7.0
0.3
0.0
62.8
PT
RO
91.9
91.9
48.4
48.4
19.5
19.5
12.8
11.2
4.1
6.6
0.4
18.8
0.2
0.0
110.9
RO
SI
16.0
15.8
6.6
6.6
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
1.3
5.2
1.8
0.5
1.1
0.2
0.2
1.0
17.0
SI
SK
34.0
34.0
10.2
7.2
1.5
1.5
12.5
6.6
0.2
1.8
0.6
0.4
3.0
6.5
3.6
0.7
2.9
0.1
1.1
0.0
4.1
0.0
38.1
SK
FI
61.8
61.7
30.4
27.3
2.8
0.4
11.2
3.4
0.1
0.9
4.3
0.2
2.3
14.0
4.9
1.1
2.0
1.8
1.0
0.1
4.2
0.1
66.1
FI
SE
46.4
45.2
10.3
8.0
1.9
0.3
10.1
1.2
0.1
1.6
1.6
0.7
4.9
20.6
3.9
0.8
1.4
1.6
0.3
1.2
4.9
0.2
0.1
51.6
SE
UK
528.4
523.1
209.5
177.1
15.0
17.3
78.8
18.7
60.1
130.8
100.5
20.6
75.8
4.1
3.5
5.2
14.4
0.4
543.2
UK
HR
21.8
21.2
7.6
5.4
1.8
0.4
3.9
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.6
2.5
6.3
3.3
0.6
2.0
0.7
0.7
2.8
0.2
0.0
24.9
HR
MK
MK
TR
282.5
282.5
106.6
100.7
5.9
80.0
10.0
10.0
2.4
57.7
51.0
44.8
34.1
10.8
22.0
304.5
TR
IS
2.1
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.2
1.2
0.0
0.0
3.4
IS
NO
38.4
34.8
12.7
0.6
1.1
11.0
3.5
0.1
0.2
1.3
0.3
0.4
1.2
15.4
2.9
0.7
0.6
1.7
0.2
3.7
6.4
0.1
0.0
45.0
NO
CH
41.4
41.3
3.3
2.5
0.9
5.8
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.6
3.5
16.2
15.3
4.7
10.1
0.5
0.6
0.1
2.1
0.2
0.0
43.6
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) Emissions
and International Bunkers.
and International Bunkers; (**) Excluding international bunkers (international
traffic departing from the EU).
204
205
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 3
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 3
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
CO Emissions (*) by Sector – 2007
2
2
SHARES %
SHARES %
y /
e
rint
USET
y and
restr
tion
o
tion
tricit
eel
erages co
e / F
EMISSIONS
AND
TURE
ndustries
turing
ous Metals
t (**)
ectors
cial /
PRODUC
L ENERGY
roduc
aper and P
FUELS
gy Industries
onstruc
err
gy I
, P
, Bev obac
L EMISSIONS
TA
t P
oleum Refining
VENT
ricultur
TA
OMBUSTION
ther
ther
ther S
ommer
g
ther (Not elsewher
THER
GRICUL
ASTE
THER
TO
FUEL C
Ener
Public Elec Hea
Petr
O Ener
Manufac and C
Iron and St
Non-F
Chemicals
Pulp
Food and T
O
Transpor
O
C Institutional
Residential
A Fisheries
O specified)
FUGITIVE FROM
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SOL O
A
W
O
TO
EU-27 92.5 99.5 41.4 87.2
8.4
4.4 16.5 18.2
2.3 13.0
4.8
6.9 54.8
25.1 16.8 25.3 63.9 10.8
0.3
0.5
7.2
0.2
0.1
100 EU-27
EU-25 92.8 99.5 40.9 86.6
8.9
4.5 16.3 18.7
2.4 13.2
5.0
7.2 53.5
25.5 17.1 25.2 63.9 10.9
0.3
0.5
6.9
0.2
0.1
100 EU-25
BE 91.5 99.9 25.6 81.6 17.2
1.2 25.1 32.6
1.8 29.9
2.2
6.8 26.7
23.9 25.2 20.8 71.1
8.1
0.1
0.1
8.4
0.1
100
BE
BG 90.7 100.0 61.4 94.8
0.2
5.0 20.2 23.8
2.7 21.7
1.8
4.5 45.5
15.4
3.0 20.0 67.7 12.3
9.3
0.0
100
BG
CZ 89.5 100.0 52.7 96.2
1.6
2.2 21.4 14.9
0.8 17.3
2.3
4.5 60.2
15.9
9.0 29.9 67.9
2.2
0.9
0.0 10.0
0.2
0.3
100
CZ
DK 96.7 99.3 49.2 89.7
3.9
6.4 11.1
7.7
0.1
7.7
4.1 26.5 53.8
27.4 12.0 12.8 54.8 32.4
0.3
0.7
3.1
0.2
100
DK
DE 89.8 100.0 51.0 89.7
5.7
4.6 11.8
6.6
0.6
0.0
0.7 92.1
20.1 16.9 28.1 67.4
4.5
0.2
0.0
9.9
0.3
100
DE
EE 96.0 100.0 78.8 93.7
6.3
5.4
0.1
0.6
0.7
0.5
1.2 96.9
13.8
1.9 32.7 52.2 15.1
4.0
100
EE
IE 94.4 100.0 32.1 96.7
2.5
0.8 13.6
0.0 29.8
7.4
1.3 16.3 45.2
31.5 22.7 25.5 66.9
7.6
5.4
0.2
100
IE
EL 92.9 99.9 55.8 93.1
6.8
0.1 10.0
1.9 14.7
8.8
2.4
6.7 65.5
22.2 12.0 11.9 67.9 20.3
0.1
7.0
0.1
0.0
100
EL
ES 92.3 99.2 36.4 87.9 10.5
1.6 20.1 10.4
4.4 13.3
8.5
9.6 53.8
32.5 11.0 22.4 50.2 27.4
0.8
7.4
0.3
0.0
100
ES
FR 94.7 99.0 17.8 71.5 22.8
5.6 20.7 21.7
2.4 20.9
5.9 15.2 33.8
36.6 24.9 29.6 60.9
9.5
1.0
4.6
0.3
0.4
100
FR
IT 94.0 99.5 35.5 76.5 16.4
7.1 17.7 21.8
1.5 14.4
6.6
6.9 48.8
28.6 17.9 28.1 62.1
9.8
0.2
0.5
5.7
0.3
0.1
100
IT
CY 89.2 100.0 51.2 100.0
14.2
13.1 86.9
29.5
4.7 24.1 59.1 16.8
0.4
10.8
0.0
100
CY
LV 96.5 100.0 23.6 97.2
2.8 14.8 24.8
0.9
1.7
0.9 17.7 53.9
45.1 16.5 40.9 31.0 28.1
0.0
2.9
0.6
0.0
100
LV
LT 81.0 99.9 38.1 68.2 31.1
0.7 12.3
8.7
0.2 19.3 71.8
39.4 10.1 31.4 50.6 18.0
0.1
0.1 18.4
0.6
0.0
100
LT
LU 94.0 100.0 12.2 100.0
16.1 31.6
3.1
9.5
1.4 54.4
59.0 12.6 48.7 47.6
3.6
0.1
0.0
5.8
0.1
100
LU
HU 93.1 99.9 37.9 89.2
8.8
2.0 14.3 39.2 19.5 21.0
2.5
8.3
9.4
23.1 24.6 29.1 62.7
8.2
0.1
6.1
0.1
0.7
100
HU
MT 100.0 100.0 75.1 100.0
1.9 100.0
19.6
3.4 57.1 42.9
0.0
0.0
100
MT
NL 95.8 99.0 40.0 80.4 16.2
3.4 16.9 16.3
0.9 46.3
5.0 13.8 17.6
21.5 21.4 29.2 45.8 25.0
0.2
1.0
4.1
0.1
100
NL
AT 86.8 99.6 21.7 74.9 20.6
4.5 24.4 39.7
1.6
9.8 14.0
5.7 29.2
37.3 16.5 18.4 72.9
8.7
0.1
0.4 12.9
0.3
0.0
100
AT
PL 92.3 99.9 60.3 92.4
3.4
4.2 11.4 23.6
3.5 19.1
3.8 13.6 36.4
12.4 15.8 17.0 64.4 18.7
0.1
7.4
0.2
0.1
100
PL
PT 88.3 98.4 36.2 86.7 13.3
19.6
2.2
19.9
7.6
7.7 62.7
34.5
9.5 46.0 39.8 14.2
0.1
1.6 11.1
0.6
0.0
100
PT
RO 82.9 100.0 52.7 100.0
21.2
100.0
13.9 12.1 36.7 59.3
4.0
16.9
0.1
0.0
100
RO
SI 94.2 98.8 41.5 100.0
0.0
0.0 14.6
8.8
3.6
7.5 19.6
5.7 54.8
32.8 11.1 27.0 60.0 13.0
1.2
5.8
100
SI
SK 89.1 100.0 30.1 70.6 15.1 14.3 36.7 52.7
1.3 14.3
4.6
3.0 24.2
19.1 10.7 19.1 78.4
2.5
3.4
0.0 10.9
0.0
100
SK
FI 93.5 99.8 49.4 89.8
9.1
1.2 18.2 30.4
0.9
8.4 38.2
1.5 20.6
22.8
8.0 22.4 41.5 36.1
1.7
0.2
6.4
0.1
100
FI
SE 89.9 97.3 22.8 78.1 18.7
3.2 22.4 12.0
0.9 15.7 16.3
6.6 48.4
45.7
8.6 21.5 36.4 42.1
0.6
2.7
9.6
0.3
0.2
100
SE
UK 97.3 99.0 40.0 84.6
7.2
8.3 15.1 23.8
76.2
25.0 19.2 20.4 75.4
4.1
0.7
1.0
2.7
0.1
100
UK
HR 87.8 97.0 36.1 71.3
24.0
4.7 18.3
2.7
0.5 13.9
4.1 14.4 64.4
30.0 15.6 18.4 59.7 21.9
3.0 11.4
0.8
0.0
100
HR
MK
MK
TR 92.8 100.0 37.7 94.4
5.6
28.3 12.5 12.4
3.0
72.1
18.1 15.9
75.9 24.1
7.2
100
TR
IS 64.0 92.9
1.5 100.0
20.1
0.4
4.2
19.6 75.8
48.8 29.7
2.7
1.8 95.5
7.1 35.7
0.2
0.0
100
IS
NO 85.5 90.5 36.5
4.6
8.4 86.9 10.1
2.2
6.4 38.3
9.8 10.5 32.8
44.4
8.4 24.0 19.5 56.5
0.6
9.5 14.2
0.3
0.0
100
NO
CH 94.8 99.8
8.1 73.4 26.6
14.1
3.7
0.8 16.8
7.5 10.2 61.0
39.3 37.1 30.4 66.0
3.6
1.4
0.2
4.8
0.4
0.0
100
CH
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land –
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land –
Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
Use Change and Forestry) emissions; (**)Excluding international
bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
206
207
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 4
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 5
CO Emissions from Transport
CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27
2
2
MILLION TONNES
BY MODE MILLION TONNES
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
941.6
1 013.8
1 145.0
1 244.9
1 266.7
1 276.9
ers –
t
****
EU-25
920.3
996.7
1 128.8
1 223.7
1 244.4
1 254.6
tion
TION
TION
TION
via
A
***
A
BE
36.5
37.8
44.8
54.2
56.2
59.3
TION
ranspor
tion
VIGA
ANSPORT
VIA
tional
YSA
tion
tional Bunk
BG
12.6
8.3
6.4
8.9
9.4
8.9
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L TR
L EMISSIONS
A
erna
AD
ANSPORT
ILW
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
TA
TA
*
CZ
8.0
9.9
12.7
18.4
18.7
19.6
A
THER
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TO
TO
*
DK
15.4
18.8
18.7
18.3
19.4
20.2
1990
82.7
17.1
65.6
704.3
14.1
129.2
20.6
108.6
11.3
941.6 4 573.7
DE
182.0
196.9
206.9
190.6
188.0
187.1
1991
81.1
16.1
65.0
712.0
12.4
127.3
21.0
106.4
10.7
943.5 4 514.0
1992
86.7
16.3
70.3
737.2
11.7
128.2
20.5
107.7
9.6
973.4 4 368.7
EE
4.0
1.9
2.0
2.7
3.2
3.5
1993
90.5
15.9
74.6
746.6
10.9
130.6
20.4
110.2
9.2
987.8 4 311.2
IE
6.2
7.6
12.8
15.6
16.7
17.5
1994
94.2
15.5
78.7
753.3
10.3
127.3
20.2
107.1
9.0
994.1 4 288.9
EL
25.0
30.4
32.9
33.2
35.2
36.3
1995
99.8
16.6
83.2
767.4
10.2
127.2
18.8
108.4
9.2 1 013.8 4 341.7
ES
71.5
81.9
112.2
137.3
141.7
146.4
1996
105.6
17.9
87.6
789.6
10.2
134.7
19.4
115.3
9.8 1 049.9 4 453.9
FR
134.4
145.5
159.6
162.9
162.9
162.5
1997
110.4
18.8
91.6
799.4
9.9
144.9
19.4
125.6
9.5 1 074.1 4 379.8
1998
118.4
19.7
98.7
825.3
9.6
151.5
20.1
131.4
9.5 1 114.4 4 382.1
IT
109.8
121.2
132.3
141.9
144.4
145.4
1999
127.3
21.0
106.3
841.3
9.2
145.3
20.0
125.2
9.2 1 132.3 4 315.8
CY
1.7
2.2
2.7
3.6
3.6
3.7
2000
134.6
21.7
112.9
842.2
9.4
149.6
18.3
131.3
9.3 1 145.0 4 349.9
LV
4.6
2.6
2.3
4.0
4.2
4.6
2001
132.3
20.8
111.5
857.3
8.7
155.1
18.5
136.7
8.9 1 162.3 4 432.6
LT
6.4
3.6
3.5
4.7
4.9
5.6
2002
129.3
19.9
109.4
870.7
8.7
161.3
18.0
143.3
9.6 1 179.6 4 410.8
2003
133.0
19.7
113.3
878.9
8.6
165.6
20.0
145.6
9.8 1 195.9 4 511.3
LU
3.1
4.0
5.7
8.3
8.1
7.9
2004
142.4
20.4
122.0
897.3
8.6
174.5
20.3
154.2
9.4 1 232.1 4 540.6
HU
8.5
7.3
9.2
12.5
12.9
13.1
2005
149.6
21.5
128.1
895.2
8.0
182.5
20.9
161.5
9.7 1 244.9 4 521.1
MT
0.3
0.4
0.5
2.7
3.0
3.3
2006
155.5
21.8
133.7
899.7
7.9
194.2
22.3
171.9
9.4 1 266.7 4 548.7
NL
64.9
72.2
84.8
99.7
102.7
97.7
2007
159.6
22.2
137.4
905.0
8.2
195.4
21.9
173.5
8.7 1 276.9 4 497.5
AT
14.7
17.0
20.5
27.0
25.7
26.1
Total Civil Aviation • Road Transportation • Railways (***) • Total Navigation • Other • Total Transport
PL
26.9
30.2
34.0
37.3
39.6
39.6
1.80
PT
12.8
15.7
22.3
23.0
23.3
23.1
1.60
RO
8.7
8.8
9.8
12.3
12.8
13.4
SI
2.8
3.7
3.8
4.5
4.8
5.4
1.40
SK
5.0
4.4
4.2
6.3
5.9
6.6
1.20
FI
15.4
13.7
15.7
16.4
16.9
17.2
1.00
SE
21.9
23.6
25.7
29.3
29.7
30.3
0.80
UK
138.8
144.3
158.9
169.5
172.7
172.7
HR
4.4
3.7
4.7
5.9
6.2
6.7
0.60
MK
0.40
TR
26.0
32.8
35.0
40.5
43.7
51.0
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
IS
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.7
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
NO
13.2
14.9
16.5
17.4
18.1
18.7
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
CH
17.6
17.8
20.5
19.3
19.5
20.1
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities.
208
209
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 5
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 6
CO Emissions from Transport – EU-27
CO Emissions from Transport – 2007
2
2
BY MODE SHARES %
BY MODE MILLION TONNES
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
ers –
t
****
ers –
t
tion
TION
TION
TION
*****
tion
TION
A
TION
TION
A
A
A
TION
via
***
via
ranspor
TION
ranspor
tion
VIGA
tion
S
VIGA
VIA
tional
YS
Y
A
tion
tional Bunk
VIA
tional
A
tion
tional Bunk
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
L
A
via
ers – A
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
A
W
erna
AD
A
A
A
ANSPORT
ILW
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
erna
AD
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
A
THER
*
AIL
THER
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
1990
8.8
20.7
79.3
74.8
1.5
13.7
16.0
84.0
1.2
20.6
100
EU-27 159.6
22.2 137.4 905.0
8.2 195.4
21.9 173.5
8.7 1 276.9 4 497.5
1991
8.6
19.9
80.1
75.5
1.3
13.5
16.5
83.5
1.1
20.9
100
EU-25 158.4
22.0 136.4 885.7
7.6 194.9
21.8 173.1
8.0 1 254.6 4 326.4
1992
8.9
18.9
81.1
75.7
1.2
13.2
16.0
84.0
1.0
22.3
100
BE
3.8
0.0
3.8
24.3
0.1
30.9
0.5
30.4
0.1
59.3
148.8
1993
9.2
17.5
82.5
75.6
1.1
13.2
15.6
84.4
0.9
22.9
100
BG
0.7
0.1
0.5
7.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.7
8.9
59.6
1994
9.5
16.4
83.6
75.8
1.0
12.8
15.9
84.1
0.9
23.2
100
CZ
1.1
0.0
1.1
18.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
19.6
131.0
1995
9.8
16.7
83.3
75.7
1.0
12.5
14.8
85.2
0.9
23.4
100
DK
2.8
0.1
2.7
13.2
0.2
4.0
0.5
3.6
20.2
59.5
1996
10.1
17.0
83.0
75.2
1.0
12.8
14.4
85.6
0.9
23.6
100
DE
27.6
2.3
25.3
144.1
1.3
10.5
0.5
9.9
3.6
187.1
876.3
1997
10.3
17.0
83.0
74.4
0.9
13.5
13.4
86.6
0.9
24.5
100
EE
0.1
0.0
0.1
2.2
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.8
0.1
3.5
20.0
1998
10.6
16.6
83.4
74.1
0.9
13.6
13.3
86.7
0.9
25.4
100
IE
3.1
0.1
3.0
13.8
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.1
17.5
50.9
1999
11.2
16.5
83.5
74.3
0.8
12.8
13.8
86.2
0.8
26.2
100
EL
4.3
1.3
2.9
19.8
0.1
12.1
2.1
10.0
0.0
36.3
126.5
2000
11.8
16.1
83.9
73.6
0.8
13.1
12.2
87.8
0.8
26.3
100
ES
18.0
7.6
10.4
97.8
0.3
30.1
3.3
26.8
0.2
146.4
403.6
2001
11.4
15.7
84.3
73.8
0.7
13.3
11.9
88.1
0.8
26.2
100
FR
21.7
4.6
17.1
127.4
0.6
12.3
3.0
9.3
0.6
162.5
423.5
2002
11.0
15.4
84.6
73.8
0.7
13.7
11.2
88.8
0.8
26.7
100
IT
12.9
2.4
10.4
118.7
0.3
12.7
5.0
7.8
0.8
145.4
493.5
2003
11.1
14.8
85.2
73.5
0.7
13.8
12.1
87.9
0.8
26.5
100
CY
0.9
0.9
2.2
0.6
0.6
3.7
9.8
2004
11.6
14.3
85.7
72.8
0.7
14.2
11.6
88.4
0.8
27.1
100
LV
0.2
0.0
0.2
3.5
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.6
4.6
9.4
2005
12.0
14.4
85.6
71.9
0.6
14.7
11.5
88.5
0.8
27.5
100
LT
0.2
0.0
0.2
4.8
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.3
5.6
16.4
2006
12.3
14.0
86.0
71.0
0.6
15.3
11.5
88.5
0.7
27.8
100
LU
1.3
0.0
1.3
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.9
13.2
2007
12.5
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.6
15.3
11.2
88.8
0.7
28.4
100
HU
0.7
0.7
12.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
13.1
58.5
0.7 %
MT
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.7
0.0
2.7
3.3
5.4
NL
11.1
0.0
11.1
34.5
0.1
52.0
0.6
51.4
97.7
235.1
AT
2.2
0.1
2.2
23.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
26.1
76.4
15.3 %
12.5 %
TOTAL CIVIL AVIATION
0.6 %
PL
1.4
0.1
1.3
36.3
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.8
0.6
39.6
330.4
PT
2.9
0.4
2.5
18.2
0.1
2.0
0.2
1.8
23.1
67.1
ROAD TRANSPORTATION
RO
0.5
0.1
0.4
12.0
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.0
13.4
111.5
SI
0.1
0.0
0.1
5.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
5.4
17.2
YEAR
RAILWAYS ***
SK
0.1
0.0
0.1
6.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.6
38.3
2007
FI
2.0
0.3
1.7
12.3
0.1
2.1
0.6
1.5
0.7
17.2
69.3
TOTAL NAVIGATION
SE
2.8
0.6
2.2
19.4
0.1
7.9
0.4
7.4
0.2
30.3
61.2
UK
36.9
2.0
35.0
121.2
2.2
11.8
4.9
6.9
0.5
172.7
585.1
70.9 %
OTHER
HR
0.3
0.1
0.2
6.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
6.7
25.2
MK
TR
6.1
6.1
42.9
0.4
1.6
1.6
51.0 304.5
IS
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.9
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.7
4.1
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
NO
2.2
0.9
1.2
10.1
0.0
4.6
2.6
2.0
1.8
18.7
48.2
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions from all
CH
4.1
0.1
3.9
15.8
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
20.1
47.6
remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities
in airports and harbours, and off-road activities; (*****) Total Transport's share in
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
Total Emissions.
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
210
211
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 6
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 7
CO Emissions from Transport – 2007
CO Emissions (*) Intensity
2
2
BY MODE SHARES %
(tCO /toe)
2
INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
EU-27
2.75
2.61
2.52
2.48
2.49
2.49
EU-25
2.75
2.60
2.52
2.47
2.48
2.48
ers –
t
tion
TION
BE
2.78
2.53
2.35
2.48
2.48
2.59
TION
***
A
TION A
TION
via
VIGA
ranspor
BG
3.15
2.91
2.73
2.74
2.72
2.93
tion
S
VIA
tional
YA
tion
tional Bunk
L
via
L NA
L
L EMISSIONS
CZ
3.37
3.17
3.15
2.81
2.80
2.83
A
ers – A
A
W
erna
AD
A
ANSPORT
TA
viga
erna
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
TA
AIL
THER
*
DK
3.22
3.33
3.05
2.82
3.06
2.90
TOT
CIVIL
Civil A
(domestic) (*)
Int
Bunk
RO
TR
R
TO
Na
(domestic) (*)
Int
Maritime T
O
TR
TOT
TR
TO
*
EU-27
12.5
13.9
86.1
70.9
0.6
15.3
11.2
88.8
0.7
28.4
100
DE
2.95
2.77
2.66
2.54
2.58
2.58
EU-25
12.6
13.9
86.1
70.6
0.6
15.5
11.2
88.8
0.6
29.0
100
EE
3.74
3.36
3.19
3.12
3.16
3.30
BE
6.4
0.2
99.8
41.0
0.2
52.1
1.5
98.5
0.2
39.8
100
IE
3.27
3.38
3.27
3.33
3.25
3.20
BG
7.4
20.1
79.9
82.1
0.9
1.9
100.0
7.7
14.9
100
EL
4.19
4.15
4.16
3.91
3.88
3.78
CZ
5.7
2.9
97.1
92.3
1.5
0.1 100.0
0.4
14.9
100
DK
13.9
3.8
96.2
65.2
1.1
19.8
11.3
88.7
34.0
100
ES
2.71
2.64
2.71
2.78
2.74
2.75
DE
14.8
8.4
91.6
77.0
0.7
5.6
5.1
94.9
1.9
21.3
100
FR
1.81
1.70
1.66
1.59
1.58
1.57
EE
4.3
0.8
99.2
64.3
3.2
24.0
6.5
93.5
4.2
17.3
100
IT
2.89
2.81
2.75
2.70
2.70
2.69
IE
17.8
3.9
96.1
78.6
0.8
2.1
1.1
98.9
0.7
34.4
100
CY
3.37
3.24
3.85
3.85
3.72
3.60
EL
11.8
31.6
68.4
54.5
0.3
33.4
17.4
82.6
0.0
28.7
100
LV
2.64
2.09
1.91
1.96
1.97
1.98
ES
12.3
42.1
57.9
66.8
0.2
20.6
10.8
89.2
0.1
36.3
100
FR
13.3
21.0
79.0
78.4
0.4
7.6
24.3
75.7
0.3
38.4
100
LT
2.29
1.81
1.76
1.73
1.80
1.80
IT
8.8
18.9
81.1
81.7
0.2
8.8
39.1
60.9
0.5
29.5
100
LU
3.52
2.98
2.72
2.90
2.86
2.83
CY
24.0
100.0
59.8
16.2
100.0
37.4
100
HU
2.54
2.40
2.36
2.20
2.17
2.16
LV
5.4
0.8
99.2
76.7
5.3
12.5
0.9
99.1
48.4
100
MT
3.18
2.84
2.88
5.09
5.65
5.73
LT
3.7
2.1
97.9
86.0
4.1
6.2
5.2
94.8
34.1
100
LU
16.8
0.0
100.0
83.1
0.0
0.0
79.0
21.0
60.0
100
NL
2.92
2.87
2.88
2.92
2.98
2.78
HU
5.5
100.0
93.1
1.4
0.0
100.0
22.5
100
AT
2.49
2.41
2.32
2.36
2.29
2.26
MT
1.5
1.0
99.0
15.5
83.0
0.7
99.3
60.2
100
PL
3.71
3.68
3.55
3.42
3.38
3.37
NL
11.4
0.4
99.6
35.3
0.1
53.2
1.2
98.8
41.5
100
PT
2.65
2.73
2.69
2.72
2.73
2.58
AT
8.6
3.3
96.7
88.8
0.6
0.3
100.0
1.7
34.2
100
PL
3.5
5.9
94.1
91.6
1.4
2.0
1.3
98.7
1.6
12.0
100
RO
2.72
2.76
2.58
2.71
2.74
2.78
PT
12.5
13.5
86.5
78.6
0.3
8.5
10.7
89.3
34.4
100
SI
2.68
2.47
2.38
2.29
2.32
2.35
RO
3.5
11.4
88.6
89.7
4.2
2.3
29.2
70.8
0.3
12.0
100
SK
2.96
2.49
2.30
2.14
2.13
2.12
SI
1.8
1.7
98.3
94.6
0.7
2.9
100.0
31.6
100
FI
2.05
2.06
1.84
1.71
1.88
1.84
SK
2.0
10.3
89.7
95.9
1.6
0.5
100.0
0.0
17.4
100
FI
11.4
15.5
84.5
71.6
0.6
12.1
28.1
71.9
4.2
24.8
100
SE
1.27
1.25
1.25
1.19
1.23
1.21
SE
9.3
21.6
78.4
64.0
0.2
26.0
5.7
94.3
0.5
49.4
100
UK
2.89
2.64
2.53
2.56
2.59
2.65
UK
21.4
5.3
94.7
70.2
1.3
6.9
41.6
58.4
0.3
29.5
100
HR
5.25
2.43
2.58
2.66
2.66
2.69
HR
4.8
23.8
76.2
90.9
1.5
2.8
58.7
41.3
26.5
100
MK
MK
TR
11.9 100.0
84.2
0.8
3.1 100.0
16.8
100
TR
2.67
2.76
2.88
3.00
2.89
3.00
IS
31.5
4.1
95.9
52.7
15.8
22.5
77.5
41.6
100
IS
1.15
1.16
1.05
0.94
0.85
NO
11.5
42.1
57.9
54.1
0.2
24.7
56.2
43.8
9.4
38.8
100
NO
1.71
1.71
1.73
1.43
1.87
1.74
CH
20.2
3.4
96.6
78.5
0.2
0.6
100.0
0.6
42.3
100
CH
1.93
1.90
1.88
1.84
1.75
1.77
Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including International Bunkers but excluding LULUCF;
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers and excluding LULUCF
(***) Total Transport's share in Total Emissions.
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
212
213
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009
S o u rce : Eu ro p e a n E nv i ro n m e n t Ag e n c y ( E E A) , J u l y 2 0 0 9 ;
Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 8
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 9
CO Emissions (*) per Capita
World Comparison
2
kg
SOME KEY STATISTICS 2007
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
2007
GDP per Capita
tCO per
CO per GDP
2
2
EU-27
9 305
9 070
9 006
9 190
9 209
9 066
PPP 2 000 US$
Capita
tCO / toe
PPP 2 000 US$
2
EU-25
9 787
9 258
9 290
9 425
9 429
9 268
United States
37.96
19.10
2.47
0.50
BE
13 546
13 726
14 092
14 505
14 233
14 005
EU-27
24.99
7.92
2.32 (**)
0.32
BG
10 098
8 065
6 253
7 106
7 269
7 739
CZ
15 918
12 763
12 432
12 449
12 631
12 694
Japan
28.34
9.68
2.41
0.34
DK
11 209
12 907
11 155
10 231
11 787
10 895
Russia
11.32
11.21
2.36
0.99
DE
13 293
11 557
11 072
10 707
10 923
10 653
China (*)
7.65
4.58
3.08
0.60
EE
23 918
12 770
11 621
12 889
12 720
14 912
India
3.58
1.18
2.23
0.33
IE
9 561
10 212
12 372
12 155
11 871
11 672
EL
9 218
9 461
10 744
11 033
10 969
11 302
Korea
21.99
10.08
2.20
0.46
ES
6 241
6 894
8 323
9 278
8 954
8 995
Brazil
8.15
1.81
1.47
0.22
FR
7 088
6 915
7 078
7 020
6 845
6 662
Canada
31.74
17.37
2.13
0.55
IT
7 815
8 006
8 340
8 635
8 534
8 311
CY
8 833
9 841
13 244
12 555
12 566
12 499
Mexico
11.06
4.14
2.38
0.37
LV
7 864
3 893
3 020
3 827
3 983
4 138
World
9.29
4.38
2.41
0.47
LT
9 960
4 328
3 549
4 375
4 464
4 872
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong;
LU
32 831
24 317
22 525
29 342
28 530
27 443
(**) Source: Eurostat (May 2009), EEA (July 2009).
HU
7 032
6 005
5 790
6 123
5 998
5 815
MT
5 132
6 054
5 954
11 902
12 498
13 248
NL
13 261
13 822
13 946
14 758
14 669
14 357
AT
8 201
8 215
8 444
9 834
9 615
9 182
PL
9 807
9 611
8 432
8 390
8 701
8 667
PT
4 650
5 574
6 588
6 963
6 545
6 318
RO
7 464
5 738
4 268
4 917
5 172
5 176
SI
7 418
7 575
7 682
8 364
8 477
8 542
SK
11 717
8 231
7 474
7 579
7 441
7 095
FI
11 927
11 715
11 560
11 305
13 475
13 095
SE
6 989
7 129
6 770
6 813
6 813
6 694
UK
10 677
9 950
9 952
9 880
9 807
9 626
HR
4 927
3 759
4 546
5 340
5 362
5 673
MK
TR
2 486
2 782
3 320
3 558
3 751
4 314
IS
9 726
10 068
12 046
11 445
12 097
13 105
NO
8 698
9 329
10 044
10 007
10 050
10 249
CH
6 999
6 693
6 778
6 679
6 602
6 333
Notes: (*) Including international bunkers, excluding LULUCF
(Land Use, Land – Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
214
215
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), July 2009;
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
Eurostat, May 2009
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
4 . 2 . 1 0
C O E M I S S I O N S
C O E M I S S I O N S
2
2
4 . 2 . 1 1
World Comparison
World Comparison – CO Emissions
2
CARBON INTENSIT Y (tCO /toe)
BY COUNTRY MILLION TONNES
2
tes
tes
*
*
*
o
*
o
ed Sta
7
a
ed Sta
7
a
2
re
xic
2
re
xic
U
azil
anada
U
azil
anada
thers
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
O
1990
2.39
2.54
2.65
2.43
2.51
2.57
1.85
2.46
1.38
2.07
2.42
1990 20 370 4 863 4 400 1 065 2 180 2 244
589
229
193
432
293 3 881
1991
2.39
2.50
2.61
2.42
2.53
2.73
1.91
2.54
1.41
2.05
2.39
1991 20 528 4 829 4 343 1 073 2 173 2 361
631
254
201
427
302 3 935
1992
2.38
2.48
2.57
2.39
2.55
2.75
1.93
2.50
1.43
2.06
2.38
1992 20 398 4 882 4 191 1 083 1 988 2 468
663
277
205
439
306 3 896
1993
2.37
2.49
2.53
2.37
2.46
2.81
1.95
2.45
1.45
1.99
2.36
1993 20 489 5 003 4 126 1 078 1 829 2 670
687
304
213
438
304 3 837
1994
2.36
2.48
2.53
2.36
2.48
2.81
1.98
2.50
1.43
1.99
2.44
1994 20 592 5 083 4 103 1 132 1 609 2 781
724
334
222
454
324 3 826
1995
2.36
2.48
2.50
2.32
2.54
2.86
2.03
2.49
1.49
2.02
2.40
1995 21 124 5 133 4 150 1 146 1 583 3 022
783
365
239
465
310 3 928
1996
2.37
2.50
2.47
2.31
2.52
2.92
2.07
2.45
1.53
2.04
2.37
1996 21 789 5 299 4 251 1 161 1 555 3 195
826
393
257
481
316 4 055
1997
2.37
2.55
2.44
2.27
2.44
2.86
2.10
2.40
1.54
2.08
2.39
1997 21 951 5 477 4 163 1 157 1 444 3 133
869
418
275
497
329 4 190
1998
2.37
2.53
2.41
2.25
2.49
2.91
2.08
2.26
1.56
2.11
2.43
1998 22 068 5 475 4 152 1 126 1 438 3 197
878
361
283
500
349 4 308
1999
2.34
2.48
2.39
2.30
2.46
2.81
2.10
2.25
1.57
2.09
2.33
1999 22 166 5 501 4 084 1 166 1 474 3 090
942
395
293
511
342 4 366
2000
2.35
2.49
2.38
2.28
2.48
2.79
2.14
2.28
1.60
2.12
2.42
2000 22 687 5 693 4 106 1 181 1 514 3 078
976
431
303
533
357 4 515
2001
2.36
2.53
2.37
2.29
2.45
2.84
2.12
2.35
1.64
2.12
2.38
2001 22 889 5 673 4 184 1 167 1 514 3 125
985
449
312
526
356 4 598
2002
2.34
2.47
2.37
2.36
2.45
2.81
2.13
2.27
1.59
2.14
2.37
2002 23 272 5 614 4 158 1 203 1 505 3 348 1 015
457
311
533
364 4 764
2003
2.36
2.51
2.36
2.40
2.42
2.86
2.13
2.23
1.53
2.12
2.35
2003 24 299 5 689 4 252 1 210 1 540 3 872 1 041
459
304
555
373 5 006
2004
2.37
2.50
2.34
2.32
2.39
2.92
2.15
2.27
1.53
2.05
2.30
2004 25 446 5 772 4 264 1 211 1 524 4 586 1 112
479
321
551
376 5 250
2005
2.38
2.49
2.32
2.35
2.35
2.99
2.16
2.23
1.52
2.05
2.31
2005 26 206 5 784 4 232 1 218 1 531 5 099 1 154
469
327
556
404 5 432
2006
2.39
2.47
2.32
2.32
2.37
3.04
2.22
2.23
1.49
2.00
2.39
2006 27 047 5 698 4 243 1 202 1 587 5 645 1 244
477
333
538
418 5 662
2007
2.41
2.47
2.32
2.41
2.36
3.08
2.23
2.20
1.47
2.13
2.38
2007 27 940 5 769 4 187 1 236 1 587 6 071 1 324
489
347
573
438 5 919
EU-27 • United States • Japan • Russia • China • India • Korea • Brazil • Canada • Mexico
EU-27 • United States • Japan • Russia • China • India • Korea • Brazil • Canada • Mexico
2.70
1.20
2.60
2.50
2.40
1.15
2.30
2.20
2.10
1.10
2.00
1.90
1.05
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.00
1.50
1.40
0.95
1.30
1.20
1.10
0.90
1.00
0.90
0.80
0.85
0.70
1990
1990
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
= 1
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: EEA (not including Bunkers) July 2009, Eurostat, May 2009.
(**) Source: EEA (excluding Bunkers), July 2009.
216
217
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N M E N T
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
4 . 2 . 1 1
C O E M I S S I O N S
OT H E R E M I S S I O N I N D I C ATO R S
2
4 . 3
World Comparison – CO Emissions
2
4 . 3 . 1
BY COUNTRY SHARES %
Emissions of tropospheric ozone
precursors (*) from Transport
tes
* *
o
Million tonnes, Tropospheric ozone formation potential
ed Sta
7
a
2
re
xic
(TOFP) equivalent (**)
U
azil
anada
thers
WORLD
Unit
E
Japan
Russia
China (*)
India
Ko
Br
C
Me
O
1990
1995
2000
2005
2006
1990
100.0
23.9
21.6
5.2
10.7
11.0
2.9
1.1
0.9
2.1
1.4
19.1
EU-27
22.470
18.845
14.878
11.484
11.046
1991
100.0
23.5
21.2
5.2
10.6
11.5
3.1
1.2
1.0
2.1
1.5
19.2
EU-25
22.002
18.466
14.488
10.962
10.512
BE
0.455
0.384
0.325
0.251
0.251
1992
100.0
23.9
20.5
5.3
9.7
12.1
3.2
1.4
1.0
2.2
1.5
19.1
BG
0.234
0.143
0.120
0.224
0.245
1993
100.0
24.4
20.1
5.3
8.9
13.0
3.4
1.5
1.0
2.1
1.5
18.7
CZ
0.421
0.303
0.410
0.232
0.232
1994
100.0
24.7
19.9
5.5
7.8
13.5
3.5
1.6
1.1
2.2
1.6
18.6
DK
0.341
0.315
0.237
0.201
0.192
DE
4.238
2.753
2.043
1.355
1.262
1995
100.0
24.3
19.6
5.4
7.5
14.3
3.7
1.7
1.1
2.2
1.5
18.6
EE
0.097
0.044
0.038
0.028
0.029
1996
100.0
24.3
19.5
5.3
7.1
14.7
3.8
1.8
1.2
2.2
1.4
18.6
IE
0.168
0.168
0.150
0.112
0.108
1997
100.0
25.0
19.0
5.3
6.6
14.3
4.0
1.9
1.3
2.3
1.5
19.1
EL
0.511
0.555
0.542
0.478
0.444
ES
1.560
1.562
1.440
1.253
1.200
1998
100.0
24.8
18.8
5.1
6.5
14.5
4.0
1.6
1.3
2.3
1.6
19.5
FR
3.463
2.924
2.217
1.658
1.562
1999
100.0
24.8
18.4
5.3
6.7
13.9
4.3
1.8
1.3
2.3
1.5
19.7
IT
3.165
3.259
2.370
1.642
1.524
2000
100.0
25.1
18.1
5.2
6.7
13.6
4.3
1.9
1.3
2.3
1.6
19.9
CY
0.027
0.031
0.032
0.018
0.017
LV
0.094
0.042
0.044
0.047
0.051
2001
100.0
24.8
18.3
5.1
6.6
13.7
4.3
2.0
1.4
2.3
1.6
20.1
LT
0.173
0.086
0.074
0.075
0.080
2002
100.0
24.1
17.9
5.2
6.5
14.4
4.4
2.0
1.3
2.3
1.6
20.5
LU
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
2003
100.0
23.4
17.5
5.0
6.3
15.9
4.3
1.9
1.2
2.3
1.5
20.6
HU
0.309
0.253
0.248
0.275
0.285
MT
0.011
0.014
0.009
0.008
0.008
2004
100.0
22.7
16.8
4.8
6.0
18.0
4.4
1.9
1.3
2.2
1.5
20.6
NL
0.599
0.468
0.387
0.312
0.291
2005
100.0
22.1
16.1
4.6
5.8
19.5
4.4
1.8
1.2
2.1
1.5
20.7
AT
0.289
0.271
0.261
0.274
0.251
2006
100.0
21.1
15.7
4.4
5.9
20.9
4.6
1.8
1.2
2.0
1.5
20.9
PL
1.152
0.961
0.697
0.665
0.744
PT
0.323
0.317
0.291
0.232
0.224
2007
100.0
20.6
15.0
4.4
5.7
21.7
4.7
1.7
1.2
2.1
1.6
21.2
RO
0.234
0.236
0.271
0.299
0.290
SI
0.076
0.088
0.062
0.047
0.045
SK
0.120
0.105
0.091
0.087
0.070
UNITED STATES
FI
0.422
0.347
0.269
0.206
0.196
EU27
SE
0.546
0.444
0.345
0.269
0.254
JAPAN
UK
21.2 %
20.6 %
RUSSIA
HR
1.6 %
MK
CHINA
2.1 %
YEAR
TR
0.840
1.265
1.330
1.203
1.203
INDIA
1.2 %
2007
IS
15.0 %
KOREA
1.7 %
NO
0.353
0.319
0.272
0.231
0.229
4.7 %
BRAZIL
CH
0.295
0.204
0.166
0.124
0.117
CANADA
Notes: (*) Ozone precursors: NO , NMVOC, CO, CH ; (**) Weighting factors are used
21.7 %
x
4
4.4 %
to derive tropospheric ozone forming potentials (TOFP) so that emissions can
MEXICO
5.7 %
be combined in terms of their contribution to tropospheric ozone: nitrogen
OTHERS
oxides 1.22, non-methane volatile organic compounds 1.0, carbon monoxide
0.11 and methane 0.014.
Notes: (*) Including Hong Kong.
(**) Source: EEA (not including Bunkers) July 2009, Eurostat, May 2009.
218
219
S o u rce : O E C D, N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , N ove m b e r 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
E N V I R O N M E N T
B I O F U E L S
B I O F U E L S
4 . 4
4 . 4 . 2
4 . 4 . 1
Biofuels Production
BY FUEL 2007 ktoe
Final Energy Consumption
BY FUEL 2007 ktoe
Other liquid
TOTAL
Biogasoline
Biodiesel
biofuels (*)
EU-27
8 809
1 110
6 246
1 453
IN
OF
EU-25
8 787
1 110
6 227
1 450
DIESEL
DIESEL
ONSUMPTION C
BE
91
57
34
BIOFUELS
AND
AND
FINAL
ANSPORT
ANSPORT
BG
2
2
L
OF
TROL
TR
or Spirit
L FINAL
TA
TR
TROL
TA
PE
O
ONSUMPTION
as Diesel Oil
ther liquid
CZ
90
17
73
T
C
PE
FOR
Mot
G
SHARE
TO
OF
FOR
BIOFUELS
Biogasoline
Biodiesel
O
biofuels (*)
EU-27 303 131 106 533 196 598
2.6 %
7 878
1 187
6 675
15
DK
88
88
EU-25 296 833 104 357 192 476
2.6 %
7 835
1 187
6 635
12
DE
5 218
295
3 715
1 208
BE
8 268
1 468
6 800
1.1 %
87
87
EE
BG
2 013
627
1 386
0.1 %
2
2
IE
15
1
12
2
CZ
5 929
2 208
3 721
0.5 %
30
30
DK
4 529
1 881
2 647
0.1 %
6
6
EL
83
83
DE
47 707
21 671
26 036
8.4 %
3 994
296
3 698
ES
382
220
162
EE
805
338
467
FR
1 160
279
881
IE
4 671
1 915
2 756
0.5 %
21
3
16
2
EL
7 030
4 317
2 713
1.2 %
85
85
IT
180
180
ES
35 170
7 020
28 150
1.1 %
386
114
273
CY
FR
41 514
9 783
31 731
3.5 %
1 473
279
1 194
LV
16
8
8
IT
37 835
12 412
25 423
0.4 %
141
141
CY
657
370
287
0.1 %
1
1
LT
32
10
22
LV
1 213
427
787
0.1 %
2
2
LU
1
1
LT
1 434
437
997
3.6 %
52
11
42
LU
2 137
453
1 684
1.7 %
36
1
35
HU
17
9
8
HU
4 257
1 611
2 645
0.7 %
29
27
2
MT
MT
155
67
88
NL
85
75
10
NL
11 226
4 387
6 840
2.8 %
311
88
223
AT
7 592
2 035
5 557
2.9 %
218
17
191
10
AT
212
6
133
73
PL
12 059
4 249
7 810
0.8 %
96
72
25
PL
101
60
41
PT
6 001
1 638
4 363
2.2 %
133
133
PT
163
160
3
RO
4 285
1 549
2 736
0.9 %
40
40
SI
1 692
648
1 044
0.8 %
13
13
RO
19
19
SK
1 813
644
1 169
4.9 %
89
12
77
SI
4
4
FI
4 350
1 958
2 392
0.0 %
1
1
SK
59
14
45
SE
7 257
3 897
3 360
3.9 %
285
182
102
UK
41 531
18 521
23 009
0.8 %
346
77
268
FI
HR
1 986
745
1 241
0.1 %
3
3
SE
407
182
102
122
MK
TR
12 371
2 559
9 812
0.1 %
12
12
UK
384
9
375
IS
HR
4
4
NO
4 364
1 495
2 868
0.7 %
31
31
MK
CH
5 643
3 631
2 012
0.2 %
12
2
10
TR
14
14
Notes: (*) Liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesel.
The share of biofuels in total final consumption of petrol and diesel for transport
IS
contributes towards the 10 % binding minimum target for use of renewable energy
NO
in transport provided in the 2009 Directive on the promotion of the use of energy
from renewable sources (the 10 % target is formulated as the ratio between renewable
CH
12
2
10
energy consumption in transport and the total final consumption of 1) petrol, 2)
diesel, 3) biofuels for road and rail transport and 4) electricity for transport).
Notes: (*) Liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesel.
220
221
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
S o u rce : Eu ro s t a t , M ay 2 0 0 9
E N V I R O N N E M E N T
4 . 5
OT H E R E N V I R O N M E N T R E L AT E D I N D I C ATO R S
4 . 5 . 1
Notes
Oil Spills at Sea
NUMBER OF OIL SPILLS, TOTAL AMOUNT SPILT
Number of
Number of
Tonnes of
PERIOD
7 to 700 tonnes over 700 tonnes
oil spilt
2008
7
1
2 000
2007
10
4
18 000
2006
11
4
13 000
2005
21
3
17 000
2004
16
5
15 000
2003
15
4
42 000
2002
12
3
67 000
2001
16
3
8 000
2000
19
4
14 000
1990-1999
(avge per year)
28
8
114 000
1980-1989
(avge per year)
36
9
117 600
1970-1979
(avge per year)
54
25
314 200
SELECTED MAJOR OIL SPILLS World outside Europe
SHIP NAME
Year
Location
Oil lost (t)
Atlantic Empress
1979
off Tobago, West Indies
287 000
ABT Summer
1991
700 miles off Angola
260 000
Castillo de Bellver
1983
off Saldanha Bay, South Africa
252 000
Odyssey
1988
700 miles off Nova Scotia, Canada
132 000
Sea Star
1972
Gulf of Oman
115 000
Hawaiian Patriot
1977
300 miles off Honolulu
95 000
Exxon Valdez
1989
Prince William Sound, Alaska
37 000
SELECTED MAJOR OIL SPILLS Europe
SHIP NAME
Year
Location
Oil lost (t)
Amoco Cadiz
1978
off Brittany, France
223 000
Haven
1991
Genoa, Italy
144 000
Torrey Canyon
1967
Scilly Isles, United Kingdom
119 000
Irenes Serenade
1980
Navarino Bay, Greece
100 000
Urquiola
1976
La Coruna, Spain
100 000
Independenta
1979
Bosphorus, Turkey
95 000
Jakob Maersk
1975
Oporto, Portugal
88 000
Braer
1993
Shetland Islands, United Kingdom
85 000
Prestige
2002
Cape Finistere, Spain
77 000 (*)
Aegean Sea
1992
La Coruna, Spain
74 000
Sea Empress
1996
Milford Haven, United Kingdom
72 000
Erika
1999
Brittany, France
20 000
Notes: (*) amount in the hold.
222
223
S o u rce : I n te r n a t i o n a l Ta n k e r O w n e r s Po l l u t i o n Fe d e r a t i o n L td.
Notes
Notes
224
225
Notes
Notes
226
227
European Commission
EU energy and transport in figures 2010
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2010 — 228 pp. — 10.5 x 21 cm
ISBN 978-92-79-13815-7
doi: 10.2768/19814
ISSN 1725-1095
KO-AB-10-001-EN-
C
EU energy
2010
and transport
in figures
etbook
ock
Statistical P
FIGURES
IN
ANSPORT
TR
AND
ENERGY
EU
• STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK
2010
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Date : 08/09/2010
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