Les énergies renouvelables

Environment and energy

Statistics in focus


56/2010
Authors: Nikolaos ROUBANIS, Carola DAHLSTRÖM,
Patricia NOIZETTE

Renewable energy statistics

In 2008:
• Renewable energy accounted for 10.3% of gross final energy consumption in the EU-27.
• Electricity generation from renewable energy covered 16.6% of gross electricity
consumption.
• The share of renewable energy in final energy consumption for heat was 11.9%.

In July 2010 Eurostat published a Data in focus
This Statistics in focus publication provides a
publication (30/2010) presenting renewable energy
detailed insight to the background data used for
indicators, including the contribution of renewable
calculating renewable energy indicators. A full
energy to gross final energy consumption, a first
description of the annual energy statistics reported
estimate of the relevant indicator described in
by the competent Member State's authorities to
Directive 2009/28/EC.
Eurostat can be found in Annex B of the Energy
Statistics Regulation.
The contribution of renewables in gross final energy consumption
Figure 1: EU-27 breakdown of gross final energy consumption in 2008
5.5% 4.0%
0.8%
Renewable energy for heating
Electricity from renewable energy
Renewable energy for transport
Conventional fuels
89.7%

Source: Eurostat

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The share of renewable energy in gross final
renewable energy and the lower overall gross final
energy consumption was 10.3% in the EU-27 in
energy consumption in 2007 and 2008 compared
2008; the remaining 89.7% was covered through
with 2006, raised the share of renewable energy
the use of conventional fuels such as natural gas or
from 8.9% in 2006 to 10.3% in 2008. This share
oil products. The renewable energy share in gross
varies significantly among Member States, mainly
final energy consumption was used for the
due to differences among them as regards
production of heat (5.5%), electricity (4%) and for
renewable energy potential and early exploitation
transport fuels (0.8%). The greater use of
of the available natural resources.
Figure 2: Contribution of renewable energy to gross final energy consumption in 2008
50
45
40
35
30
% 25
20
15
10
5
0
EU- BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE
EL ES FR IT
CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI
SE UK
27
2008
2020 target

Source: Eurostat
At EU level, in absolute terms, total gross final 16.0 Mtoe from 109.5 Mtoe in 2006 to 125.5 Mtoe
energy consumption fell by 21.2 Mtoe, from in 2008, i.e. an average increase of 7.3% per year
1 235.1 Mtoe in 2006 to 1 213.9 Mtoe in 2008, in the period 2006 to 2008.
while consumption of renewable energy rose by



Figure 3: EU-27 gross final energy consumption
Figure 4: EU-27 final consumption of renewable
energy
1240000
130000
125000
1230000
120000
eo 1220000
eo
kt
115000
kt
110000
1210000
105000
1200000
100000
2006
2007
2008
2006
2007
2008


Source: Eurostat Source: Eurostat
Sectoral Indicators
The renewables energy Directive 2009/28/EC covers
3. Final consumption of energy from renewable
renewable energy use in three sectors:
sources in transport.
1. Gross final consumption of electricity from
The statistics set out below aim to present the
renewable energy sources;
renewable energy contribution in different Member
2. Gross final consumption of energy from renewable
States in each of these three sectors.
sources for heating and cooling; and
2
56/2010 — Statistics in focus

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Electricity from renewable energy sources
Figure 5: EU-27 gross electricity consumption
Figure 6: EU-27 renewable electricity by source
in 2008
4000
3500
3000
2500
17%
h 2000
1%
TW 1500
1%
1000
500
0
21%
60%
2006
2007
2008
Total gross electricity consumption
Electricity from renewables

Hydro
Wind
Geothermal
Solar
Biomass


Source: Eurostat Source: Eurostat

In 2008, renewable electricity comprised electricity
from renewables in total gross electricity
from hydro (60%, normalised), wind (21%,
generation in 2008 was 16.7% for the EU-27. The
normalised), biomass (17%), geothermal energy
difference between the normalised and non-
(1%), and solar energy (1%). The growing share of
normalised shares in 2008 varied from 0 to 6.5% at
renewable electricity, 15.1% in 2006, 15.8% in
national level, indicating the need for normalisation
2007 and 16.6% in 2008 with normalised hydro
in monitoring national targets.
and wind electricity is mainly due to the increasing

installed capacity of wind turbines and solar energy
installations (photovoltaics and solar thermal-
electric). The non-normalised share of electricity

Figure 7: EU-27 electrical installed capacity of renewables
140000
120000
100000
80000
MW
60000
40000
20000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Hydro
Geothermal
Wind
Solar
Biomass

Source: Eurostat
The overall share of installed capacity of
which was produced from renewable sources.
renewable technologies for electricity generation
The availability of hydro resources in Austria
also increased, from 22% in 1998 to 30% in
and Sweden is the main reason for the high
2008. In 2008, the EU´s total gross electricity
shares of renewable electricity in these countries
consumption was 3 357 TWh, 558 TWh of
(AT 65%, SE 53%).
Statistics in focus — 56/2010
3

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Figure 8: EU-27 installed capacity for electricity generation
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
MW
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total installed capacity
Installed capacity of renewables

Source: Eurostat
Renewable energy for heating

Renewable energy for heating covered 11.9% of
2008, derived heat, produced from heating and
total final energy consumption for heating in 2008
CHP plants using biomass, contributed 7.8 Mtoe of
and 5.5% of the total gross final energy
renewable energy, solar thermal energy contributed
consumption of the EU-27. Of the 564.7 Mtoe total
1.1 Mtoe and low enthalpy geothermal energy
final energy consumption for heating, 67.8 Mtoe
0.7 Mtoe. Eight Member States that had
was covered by renewable energy. High shares of
information on heat pumps provided an estimate of
renewable energy use for heat production are
the renewable energy output of heat pumps. In
observed in Sweden (63.1%), Latvia (43%) and
total, 2.2 Mtoe of renewable energy from heat
Finland (42%), mainly due to the extensive use of
pumps is included in final consumption. The direct
wood in households and in industry. At EU level
use of liquid biofuels for heat production in
direct use of biomass, covering wood and wood
industry and households, the services sector and in
waste, renewable municipal wastes and biogas,
agriculture increased significantly, from 128 ktoe
contributed 55.1 Mtoe in 2008 and liquid biofuels
in 2006 to 617 ktoe in 2008.
used for heating contributed 0.6 Mtoe. Also in

Figure 9: EU-27 energy consumption for heating
700000
600000
500000
400000
eokt 300000
200000
100000
0
2006
2007
2008
Renew able energy for heating
Total final consumption for heating

Source: Eurostat
4
56/2010 — Statistics in focus

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Statistical data on the contribution of wood/wood
households and in industry. The use of solar heat
waste, available since 1990, demonstrate that the
also increased by a factor of 7, while geothermal
use of woody biomass for centralised production of
heat increased by a factor of 1.8 since 1990.
heat increased faster than the direct use of wood in


Figure 11: EU-27 final energy consumption of
Figure 10: EU-27 derived heat from biomass
liquid biofuels for heat production
9000
600
8000
7000
500
6000
400
e 5000
o
eo 300
kt 4000
kt
3000
200
2000
100
1000
0
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008




Source: Eurostat Source: Eurostat

Figure 12: EU-27 final energy consumption of
Figure 13: EU-27 final energy consumption of
wood for heat production
geothermal heat
60000
1400
50000
1200
1000
40000
e
e 800
o
kto 30000
kt 600
400
20000
200
10000
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008



Source: Eurostat Source: Eurostat

Figure 14: EU-27 final energy consumption of
Figure 15: EU-27 final energy consumption of
solar heat
biogas
1200
1200
1000
1000
800
800
eo 600
e
kt
o 600
400
kt 400
200
200
0
0
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008


Source: Eurostat Source: Eurostat
Statistics in focus — 56/2010
5

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Renewable energy used in transport

The transport sector, accounting for one third of final
significantly since 2004 (2 Mtoe), reaching 10 Mtoe
energy consumption, used 374 Mtoe of energy in
in 2008. The lower use of fossil petrol and diesel in
2008, 304 Mtoe of which in road transport. 95% of
transport in 2008 compared with 2007 raised the
transport consumption is covered by petroleum
share of renewable energy in transport from 2.6% in
products, mainly petrol and diesel for land transport.
2007 to 3.5% in 2008, with 5 Member States having
The use of biogasoline and biodiesel, practically all
more than 5% of renewable energy in their land
blended with fossil petrol and diesel, increased
transport fuel mix.
Figure 16: Share of renewable energy in transport in 2008
EU
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
8.0%

Source: Eurostat

Figure 17: EU-27 biogasoline and biodiesel
Figure 18: EU-27 petrol and diesel consumption
consumption in transport
in transport including biofuels
12000
350000
10000
325000
8000
e
e
o 6000
o 300000
kt
kt
4000
275000
2000
0
250000
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008


Source: Eurostat
6
56/2010 — Statistics in focus

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Methodology

The contribution of renewable energy to gross final energy consumption
Gross final energy consumption is defined in Directive 2009/28/EC as the sum of:
- final energy consumption, i.e. energy delivered to industry for manufacturing processes, to the transport
sector, including international aviation, and to other sectors (households, services, agriculture, etc.),
- consumption of electricity and heat by the energy branch for electricity and heat generation (own use by
plant),
- losses of electricity and heat in transmission and distribution.
To improve accuracy and consistency with national statistics in calculating the renewable energy shares,
national calorific values for oil products were used where available for converting quantities of petroleum
products into energy units, instead of the Eurostat ones used in published energy balances. Energy
production from non-renewable municipal wastes was deducted from the contribution of biomass to
heating and electricity generation, and consumption for pipeline transport was included in gross final
energy consumption, in line with the sectoral classification of the Energy Statistics Regulation. Finally,
despite the lack of an adopted statistical methodology on heat pumps and for reasons of completeness, the
contribution of renewable energy from heat pumps was taken into account where sufficient information
was available. For these reasons some small differences exist between data used for this publication and
the published energy balances. Finally, it should be noted that the statistical system for biofuels does not
yet distinguish between biofuels that are compliant and non-compliant with the sustainability criteria.
Electricity from renewable energy sources
As stipulated in Article 5 of Directive 2009/28/EC, for the purpose of calculating the electricity target,
gross final consumption of electricity from renewable sources is the electricity produced from renewable
energy sources, excluding hydro electricity produced from pumped storage. Annex II to the Directive also
requires electricity production from hydro and wind energy to be normalised. To calculate the indicator
"share of electricity from renewable sources in gross electricity consumption", electricity from renewables
is divided by total gross electricity consumption, defined in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans
(NREAP, Table 1) as gross electricity production, including autoproduction, plus electricity imports,
minus exports. Given the 15 year normalisation requirement for hydro production and the availability of
energy statistics (for the EU-27, starting from 1990), long time series of this indicator are not available.
Renewable energy for heating
For the purpose of calculating the share of renewable energy in heating and cooling, final consumption of
energy from renewable sources is defined as the final consumption of renewable energy in industry,
households, services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries for heating and cooling purposes, plus district
heating produced from renewables. The total final consumption for heating and cooling is the final
consumption of all energy commodities, except electricity, for purposes other than transport, plus the
consumption of heat for own use at electricity and heat plants and the heat losses in networks.
Renewable energy used in transport
Progress made in reaching the 10% share of renewable energy consumption in transport cannot be
evaluated accurately with existing statistics as biofuel consumption cannot yet distinguish biofuels
complying with the sustainability criteria. Data currently available cover the consumption of biogasoline
and biodiesel used directly or blended with gasoline or diesel oil for transport purposes. Also, electricity
consumption in road transport is not available for all Member States, as it is not yet an explicit
requirement of the Energy Statistics Regulation.
More information about the methodology for calculating renewable energy shares and Eurostat´s annual
energy statistics can be found in the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC, the Energy Statistics
Regulation 1099/2008 and on DG ENERGY´s transparency platform:
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm.
Statistics in focus — 56/2010
7

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Further information


Eurostat Website: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Data on "Energy statistics"
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/energy/data/database

More information about "Energy statistics"
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/energy/introduction



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Manuscript completed on: 18.11.2010
Data extracted on: 15.10.2010
ISSN 1977-0316
Catalogue number: KS-SF-10-056-EN-C
© European Union, 2010

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